Evening Star Newspaper, June 30, 1936, Page 5

FRENCH WORKERS BATILE INALGERIA One Dead, Dozen Wounded as Labor Trouble Spreads to North Africa. CKGROUND— b4 The internal troubles of France, centering around the Nation-wide folded-arms strike anti-date the government of Premier Blum, who is seeking better labor conditions over the opposition of the Rightist groups, who fight him because of his Jewish parentage The Jewish-Arab disorders which have plagued Britain in the Holy Land have now spread to Algeria. By the Associated Press. PARIS, June 30.—Street fights and labor riots among French and native workers in Algeria brought troops and armed guards to three strike centers today. A detachment of guards left Bona | for the interior, where 400 striking | native miners attacked a freight train | late yesterday and exchanged shoLfi‘ with a police escort ‘ Troops were stationed on all streets Jeading to the Jewish quarter of Oran. A military guard surrounded the mty‘ hall as the prefect of police assumed | personal command of the forces in an effort to halt the disorders. Military intervention at Oran fol- Jowed a clash between Nationalists and Leftists, in which one person was | fatally injured and a dozen clhers‘ wounded. Several shots were fired during the fight. Guards Clear Streets. Guards cleared the streets of Con- gtantine after encounters between Left and Right demonstrators. A police captain was injured during the fight, | leading to the arrest of 12 rioters. As political and labor trouble spread to the French possession in Northern Africa, scattered demonstrations brought new tension in France itself. Firemen routed 25 unemployed who occupied the city hall at Sau- sheim. a suburb of Mulhouse. Streams of water. from fire hose forced the demonstrators to retire from the pub- lic building after they had raised the red flag and the tri-color together. A Nationalist demonstration at the tomb of the unknown soldier beneath the Arch of Triumph in Paris was dispersed by police. Fight on Floor Expected. ‘The bitter e between Left and Right extre s was expected to break out on the floor of the Cham- ber of Deputies today after transfor- mation of Col. Francois de la Rocque's Croix de Feu into the new *“Social” political party. | De la Rocque, seeking “conquest and power,” defied Communist demands | for complete dissolution of his move- | ment. | The Socialist newspaper, Le Popu- | laire, accused the reorganized Croix de Feu of planning to use force to prevent occupation of factories by | strikers continuing the “folded arms” walkout into the sixth week. The Nationalist leader. the paper charged, requested members of his political faction to pay taxes “as late as possible” and buy no government bonds in an effort to embarrass the People’s Front government of Premier Leon Blum. Dissolution Order Is Topic. Five Nationalist deputies were ex- pected to question the government on the “illegal” dissolution order against | Rightist leagues during debate in the parliamentary chamber at which Blum was to be represented by Roger Salengro, minister of the interior. 'The premier is in Geneva attending | the League of Nations Assembly ses- | sion | The sixth week of the strike, Whichk t its height claimed almost 1,000,000 | workmen, saw an estimated 150,000 strikers occupying their places of work. One thousand naval shipyard work- | ers at St. Nazaire. clad in blue over- alls. marched in the funeral proces- sion for one of their number who died from a fall during occupation of the works. Leaders ordered fore- men and engineers to lay down their tools. Hotels to Reopen Doors. Hotel proprietors at Nice decided to- | day to end their three-day lockout and reopen their doors tomorrow. They said the closing of Riviera ho- tels had hurt the tourist business. The hotel owners proclaimed a lock- | out of 450 establishments Sunday morning in answer to workers’ de- mands for higher wages and shorter hours, which the government has been | trying to arbitrate. THE WEATHER District of Columbia — Thunder- ghowers this afternoon or tonight, fol- Jowed by generally fair tomorrow; moderate temperature; moderate to fresh shifting winds, becoming north- west. Maryland—Thundershowers this aft- ernoon or tonight; tomorrow generally fair; moderate temperature. Virginia—Thundershowers this aft- ernoon, followed by generally fair to- morrow and cooler. West Virginia—Mostly cloudy and cooler; thundershowers this afternoon or tonight in east and south portion; tomorrow generally fair and cooler. Last 21 Hours. Report for A8 ature " Barometer Westerday— Degrees. Inches. 4 pm. o 8 pm =z Midnight —wawe-- Record for Last 24 Hours. (Prom noon yesterday to noon today.) R7. at 5:30 pm. yesterday 0 91 . 65 at 6:45 am. today. Year Record Temperatures This Year. Highest. 96. on June Lowest. 0 on January Humidity for Last 24 Hours. (From noon yesterday to noon today.) Highest, 69 ver cent. at §_am. todsy Lowest, 18 per cent. at 1:30 p.m. yes- e Tide Tables. (Purnished by United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.) The Sun and Moon, Rises. Sun, today 4:45 Sun. tomorr: Moon. today — Automobile lights must be turned on one- half hour after sunset. Precipitation. Monthly precipitation in_ inches in the | Capital (current month to date): | Month 1936. A January 4 Z 4illpm, D:tober November Becember | started with a clean slate—on | patent | out by hand on a forge. | ters to handle. THE Beach Dugout Makes Shady Neok Daughter of Mr. and Mrs, G. S. MISS ROSALIND EARNSHAW, Earnshaw of Garden City, Long Island, seeks the shade of one of the new type beach “dugouts” at the Atlantic Beach Club on Long Island as the Summer bathing season begins. —Wide World Photo. Era of Mechan Marks Patent Law Centenary Modern Machine Age Ouwves Develop- ment to Regulation in 1836 Which Protected Invento BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The American patent system |is 100 years old this week. On July 4, 1836, all existing patent laws were revoked and the Nation the most remarkable era of mechanical and material progress in human history. Previously, the patent law had been almost worthless. Anybody could anything—merely by submit- ting an outline of the idea. Then it was up to the inventor to defend his patent. The new system required the submission of models and provided for a strict examination of the claims to determine whether the ideas really were worthwhile and original. The intervening century has seen a greater change in the way of life of the average man or woman than had taken place in a thousand years previously. It has seen the coming of the telegraph, the telephone, the railroad, the automobile, the air- plane, the radio, furnace heat, plumb- ing, machine manufacturing of all kinds, mechanized farming, etc. Take these out of the world and one has a picture of the way of life of 1836. Born of American Genius. Most of these have been developed in America. In many cases the original inventions have been the outcome of American ingenuity. In cases where the invention was made in Europe, its chief utilization and development has been on this side of the Atlantic. Without the patent system established in 1836, giving in- ventors a clear road to personal profits from their ingenuity, the prog- ress probably would have been much less notable. The framers of the 1836 patent law could have had little concept of the future of American invention. The Nation was not yet mechanically minded—except for the strangely im- practical New England Yankee put- | tering over a perpetual motion de- vice in his woodshed or garret. The industrial revolution had started in | England. In America it stfll was afar off. One of the earliest patents issued by the Federal Government was also one of the most revolutionary. was granted in 1794 to Joseph G. Person of New York City for a nail- cutting machine. Through the Colonial period, nails were hammered A skillful workman could turn out one a minute. Person’s machine enabled a single workman to make 100 nails a minute. Since all were identical in shape and size, they were easier for carpen- Thousands of nail makers were thrown out of jobs by this invention. Gunsmiths Feel Effects. A few years later hundreds of gun- smiths all over the country were thrown out of work when Thomas Blanchard, of Springfield, Mass., in- vented a lathe for making gun barrels. When Congress, in 1828, passed an act extending for 15 years a patent on a planing machine for dressing lumber, it was estimated that the device saved $6,000,000 a year, largely in labor costs. At first, apparently, there was no great concern over the loss of jobs through these technological advances. The great need of the country was man power. More and cheaper nails If you suffer with Arthritis Now you can relieve stiff. painful joints by neutralizing acidity with Mountain Valley Mineral Water direct from famous Hot Springs, Arkansas. Recommended by phy- sicians for over 30 vears. Phone for booklet. Mountain Valley Mineral Water MET. 1062 _ 1105 K_ST. N.W. Jewelry of & latinum will bri al returns g it in—or phone or write to us to send a repre- sentative to your home. Zour silver or u__libe 1004 F St. N.W. It | patented by a Georgetown, Ky., genius. It was “a method for distilling alcohol from Indian corn.” For Toothaches and Farms. ‘That same year one Samuel Pen- nington of Mount Pleasant, Ohio, won immortality with a patent on a “general specific for the cure of toothache to consist of whisky, French brandy, turpentine and Indian turnip.” Mr. Pennington failed to specify the purpose of the turpentine and Indian turnip. A half dozen tooth extractors were rs’ Brain Children. ! patented that year. In addition there | and more and cheaper planed lumber yere improvements in scythes, hoes, made possible the employment of more | plows, hat-making devices, etc.— all men in building more houses. ministering to the immediate needs By the middle of the nineteenth of a scattered agricultural people. century, however, labor savings began Those were simple, bucolic days. to be looked upon as a real problem.| Times were beginning to -change in Especially was this the case about 1859, with the Civil War on the 1851 when a Paris cigar maker, Couis | horizon, the pioneers pushing West- Bleche, introduced a cigar making ward, steam power familiar to every machine which would do the work one, and even the possibilities of of six men. It was estimated that electricity being investigated. Crime it would save the cigar smokers of was beginning to be a problem. New York State alone more than $1.000,000 a year--but temporarily it threw thousands out of work. Inventions Fostered Jobs. They soon were absorbed, however, and, up to the last two decades, it has always been the case that a labor-saving invention actually has produced more jobs than it has de- | stroyed. This has been in a physically | | expanding nation. Whether the same | holds true in a physically contracting nation remains to be seen. The story of American patents has been the story of American civilization The problem of the inventor has always been practical. He has sought to meet an immediate need of his time. Take, for example, the year 1828: | One Isaiah Jennings of New York City was awarded a patent for “a means of producing fire and light; sulpuric acid is to be hermeticall sealed in a small glass tube and this /to be inclosed in paper surrounded | by & mixture of oxymurate of potash | sulphuric acid is to be hermetically |on contact with the sulphuric acid upon breaking the glass.” It's a long cry from this to the pack of paper | matches given way with cigarettes. Something rather more practical— | although almost a hundred years too lzlrly for its fullest usefulness—was | T A . e e The Event ‘All Washington Women Eagerly Awaill ical Progress and shutters that could not be pene- trated either with pick or sledge ‘hammer. Whale oil remained a vital necessity, but the inventors were turn- ing their brains against leviathan. There was a “harpoon that makes the whale kill itself, the more he pulls on the line the deeper penetrated the blade.” There was an “electric whaling apparatus by which the whale is shocked to death.” Ice by Steam Creates Amazement. But the editor of the Scientific American was most amazed at what stments of lining. eneral BRAKE SERVICE 903 N St. N.W. DE. 5483 CONNECTICUT AVE. 300 PAIRS SAKS 5t AVE. SHOES Included ALL ONE PRICE Entire stock of beautifully styled Sum- mer Shoes plus 500 pairs of the well- known Saks S5th Ave. Shoes . . . all at one low price . . . $6.45. Selection includes practically every wanted style, color or combination and all heel heights Al sizes, but not in all styles. Regular 8.50 to 22.50 values White Bucko sport unlined oxford. Also in beige and blue. A white Doe- skin sandal vatent back and ieel. Also_in white with blue or tan trim. $6.45 All over white duck broad- strap with side buckle effect. AUl over white buck verforat- ed pump with high Continen- tal heel. 36.45. An open toe sandal with fitting qualities in_all over white, Also seven pastel shades. 36.45. NO. C. 0. D.’s . . . . ALL SALES FINAL White Seater Linen sandal with' - two-inch Spanish heel. 26.45 White Doeskin dress one-eve tie pump at- iy “perforated. Also "in beige and dlue. $6.45. A brown and white one-strap tailored shoe with leather Continental heel. $6.45, EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D: C., There were unbreakable locks, doors | TUESDAY, seemed an unbelievable development— “an ice-making machine worked by a steam engine.” He saw it “freeze several bottles of sherry and make blocks of ice the size of a cubic foot with the temperature at 80.” A ton of coal, he said, would make a ton of ice. On a visit to the patent ‘office at ‘Washington he witnessed another de- velopment of which he hardly ap- preciated the significance—"a machine by which & man prints, instead of writes, his thoughts. It is operated like a pianoforte.” This, apparently, was the first appearance of the type- writer in America. At that time the American patent office in Washington was “housed in BOND’S JUNE 30, 1936. one of the most magnificent build- ings in the world.” One wing was given over to an exhibit of rejected models. There were 70,000 of them, each of which had cost the inventor not less than $50. This enormous waste caused frequent caustic com- ments in Congress. (Copyright, 1936, by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) ‘Motor Boat Destroyed by Fire. KITTY HAWK, N. C., June 30 (#).— The 50-foot motor boat Standard, owned by M. L. Daniels of Manteo, was destroyed by fire yesterday at the oil dock here while discharging her cargo of kerosene. SCHOOL OFFICIAL DIES 0. T. Eastman of Omaha Stricken | in Massachusetts Home. | NEW BEDFORD, Mass,, June 30.— O. T. Eastman, 71, business manager of the Omaha, Nebr., schools, died last night in St. Luke’s Hospital. He under- went an operation for appendicitis a week ago. | He was reported improving in the | past few days, but yesterday, doctors | said, complications set in. | Eastman was stricken while at his | Summer home at Salters Point, near | here. ANNOUNGING!! New Summer Rates ROOMS 33 5 Beginning at_ FULL HOTEL SERVICE INSPECTION INVITED New Colonial Hotel 15th & M Sts. N.W. Half the fun of a vacation is having the right clothes for it. So before you go places over the 4th, go to Bond's and get the things you need for a grand week-end. SANFORIZED 'SLACKS FLANNEL - TROUSERS SEERSUCKER SUITS POLAR-TEX SUITS TROPICAL WORSTEDS SPORTS Stacks of them! Swell to knock- around in. You can muss 'em up plenty — for @ quick washing maokes them as good as new. Stripes, checks and plain whites that will not shrink = because they're sanforized. New arrivals! Just in time for the 4th of July week-end. These are ALL WOOL flannels, the kind that hold their shape and size after a trip to the cleaner. Plain whites and o world of stripes. Coolest of the cool! - ask the man who's wearing one. Best of cll they no longer look like bed-ticking. New stripes and checks add smartness to comfort—and have put these seersuckers in the “best-sellers” class. Frosty whites! Cool, airy cotton (to let in the breezes) mixed with crisp white mohair (to keep out the wrinkles). They tailor like woolens and launder like a linen handkerchief. Single and double breasteds, with sports backs. Featherweights! They look, wear, and hold a press like any other good wool suit—but they pack only half the weight. Perfect for business wear, because the colors are not too light and the patterns are conservative. Sedan Shetlands!=the kind usually !ugg.d;32.50. Roughishtansand greys that are just as “right” in town as on the clubhouse porch. Eight variations of the pleated sports back —all fashioned by master-stylists in our Rochester plant. CLOTHES 1335 F St. 30 v '8 coat and trousers 7 5 coat and trousers coat, vest, 2 trausers N.W. “Shop in Comfort. Our Store Is Air-Cooled.”