Evening Star Newspaper, October 25, 1935, Page 8

A8 - THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY ...............October 25, 1935 i — e THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave, o ce: Lake . Burovéan Omce: 14 Rewent St. London. Engiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. e Evening Siar_... 'he Eventiv and Sunday 4 _ (when 4 Sundays) ‘The Evening and Su: hen 5 Gundays) The Sunday Star-- Night ¥inal Edition. zht Pinal and Sunday Night F.nal Star Collection made i . Orders may be sent tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. fly and Sunday 1 g:m only yr. $6.00: 1 unday only_. 1 -45¢ per month -60¢ per month -65c per month -5c per copy 70c per month 5¢ per month ¢ th each month. by mail or telephone Na- mo.. 850 mo’. 5lc mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. X a $12 00; 1 mo.. $1.00 1A $200: 1 mo.,~ 7he 1 mo.. Member of the Associated Press. Assoclated Press is exclusively entitled to et x? ication of all news dispatches o it or not otherwise K‘rhrdl;n:i l!’l‘l rth[i,: nd also the local news published herein. 1 rii of publication of special dispatches erein are aiso reserved. C = Private Charity. President Roosevelt had a good word to say last night for private agencies, charitable and industrial. He spoke in support of the 1935 Mobilization for Human Needs, the drive for private con- _ tributions to the care of the destitute. The President pointed to the need of generous aid to the hospitals, the clinics, the day nurseries and to the charities that give care and food and shelter to the unfortunate. The President, of course, was right. In making his appeal to the people of America to support the private charities the President took the opportunity to say to them that business-——private business ~is making strides. He commented on the fact that private employment in the reporting industries increased by 350,000 in the month of September. He cited figures to show that the durable goods industries are picking up and that gene erally all along the line employment in private industry is increasing. The Pres- ident referred to the fact that he had recently expressed the hope that private industry would strain every nerve to increase employment and pay rolls, and’ so take up the slack and relieve the Government of the job of providing re- lief to the unemployed. Private industry, he said, is apparently living up to his hope. Not long ago the President promised business a “breathing spell,” which was interpreted as meaning that, for a time at least, he would not press for further legislation giving Government more con- trol over industry. The President did not say what was to be expected at the close of the breathing spell, nor how long 1t would last. The hope of many is that the breathing spell will be made per- manent, although doubtless that would grieve some of the New Dealers. Nothing was ever truer than the Presi- dent’s assertion that if there is to be real recovery, private industry must give the people employment. There are still mil- lions unemployed and other millions who are employed only by the suffrance of the Government and paid out of the taxes raised from the people or out of money which is borrowed from the people by the Government. Private industry has needed encouragement instead of | criticism; assurance instead of uncer- tainty. And if it is to do the job which the President wishes it to do. it must have some assurance that it can go ahead with plans for the future and long-time operations without fear of new laws | | tation is well known. which will upset the apple cart. It must have some assurance that the Govern- ment is to curtail expenditures and so prevent the necessity for greater and greater taxation which must fall upon the people and business alike. If recovery is really on its way as the President declares—and there are signs that such is the case—there should be a halt of exporimental'physic Patients die sometimes from too much medicine. Private industry and private charity in this country have been its mainstays in the past. When Government undertakes to supplant either, the results are too often a lowering of standards and a dangerous centralization of power. e " A road crowded with motor vehicles becomes in the natural course of events ‘& prolonged traffic obstruction on its own account. o Motive. In common law motive customarily is entitled to consideration. First-degree murder, for example, must be premedi- tated. A jury, considering homicide, must make choice, in consonance with the evidence, between involuntary man- slaughter and intentional assassination. Likewise, it is permitted to a judge to distinguish between ferocious assault ‘which may be fatal to the victim yet not designed to accomplish death and an at- tack conceived with malice aforethought and meant to be mortal. The difference, of course, often is dif- ficult to determine; and it follows that & relatively guilty felon on occasion goes free, while one much more innocent is convicted, imprisoned or executed. A * delicate problem in human psychology is involved. Hence some students of be- havior are skeptical of the existence of an authentic criminal type and some are almost equally agnostic about the pos- ‘sibility of any individual being totally faultless. Virtue, it seems, shades down by imperceptible gradations to wicked- ness. By the same logic, there are some good values in the worst of sinners. Shakespeare epitomizes the argument in the cry: “Use every man after his desert, and who should 'scape whipping!” - /But the Savior of Mankind had, char- acteristically, a more merciful view. His " mind concentrated on the riddle as it - did upon few other earthly issues, and again and again the Scriptures represent Him as insisting that all who repent are susceptible of salvation. Like the Bard of Avon, He knew that every one merits 4 | mamfested themselves. | power, punishment; but He was as deeply con= vinced that every one deserves charity and compassion. “Judge not, that ye be not judged” was His warning; and “Love your enemies, do good to them which hate you” was His commandment. In a practical, confessedly imperfect world, however, it is a matter of doubt as to whether forgiveness is efficient. A Christian, certainly, is bound to obey his Master’s injunction; but the recipient of pardon so conceded must be competent to appreciate it. Ocherwise, the race would be delivered over to vice and woe. It may be that only by skilled and careful examination of the powers which govern —the forces which make or break—the single spirit can pragmatic justice be discovered. A little child, caught in mis- chief, instinctively pleads, “I did not mean to!” And in that excuse frail as it may be, there is expressed the agony of millions of accidental offenders whose motives have been not wilfully vicious, but who, nevertheless, must pay the pen- alty demanded by society for their blunders. - Another Naval Conference. Hopeless as the outlook is at this time for further limitation of naval arma- ments, the United States has promptly accepted Great Britain's invitation to a conference at London in early December. It will be attended by the five powers signatory to the Washington treaty of 1922. including Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France and Italy. Holding of such a conference is obligatory under that pact, which provides for a meeting a vear before its expiration at the end of 1936. Japan having a year ago exer- cised her right to serve notice of abro- gation two years in advance, the treaty for all practical purposes is already as good as defunct. The British Government nevertheless seems hopeful that some good, and no harm, can come from one more effort to reconcile the international differences which have hitherto condemned to futility new limitation efforts. It will be painfully recalled that strenuous at- tempts in that direction during the Lon- don “conversations” of October, 1934, came to naught. They were doomed mainly by Japan's insistence upon abo- lition of the 5-5-3 ratio and her demand for parity with the respective fleets of Britain and the United States. Tokio presumably adheres to those require- ments. They are still rejected in London and Washington. Since Japan's abrogation of the ex- isting agreement, new internatiohal factors of gravity and magnitude have The Italo-Ethi- opian war has precipitated the most Serious merace to world peace since 19i8. Germany, in defiance of the Ver- | sailles treaty, has embarked upon an | avowed program of large-scale rearma- ment and obtained from London an agrzement permitting her to build a | navy one-third as large as the British fleet. Soviet Russia is a budding sea Anglo-Ttalian relations, with naval supremacy in the Mediterranean a bone of contention, are sorely strained. | Franco-Italian friendship is imperiled, leaving Paris and Rome further apart | *with respect to fleet strength than when they fell out over it at London in 1930. Directly because of these develop- ments and complications, Britain serves notice to the world of her intention to rearm on tand and sea and in the air, particularly in the form of naval ex- pansion. That the British will renew their old demand for twenty seventy, is a foregone conclusion. A program of additional submarines and destroyers is no less probable. America’s attitude toward naval limi- This country is determined to construct a full treaty fleet, now contemplated by 1942. The United States advocates retention of the | present ratio system, though it continues ready tc consider a proportionate reduc- tion of tonnage in all categories. It opposes British ideas of cutting down the size of battleships. Bleak as is the prospect for material curtailment of naval armaments, with world conditions dangerously disturbed on all sides, American support of new limitation or reduction efforts is assured, contingent always upen the maintenance of a United States Navy second to none. That is a policy which unquestionably represents the Nation's will. — e The rainy season does not go far enough in Ethiopia to permit use of submarines in addition to tanks and bombing planes. —————————————— English statesmen are heard with at- tention as they announce plans for a new and improved League of Nations. Traffic Through the Park. Hearty public approval will be given to the project of a new road along the east bank of Rock Creek through the Zoo park to afford a continuous connec- tion from the upper end of Rock Creek Park to Constitution avenue. Commis- sioner Sultan is now at work upon that problem, in search of a route and of funds for its execution. The route is not beyond discovery and the funds, it is suggested, may be secured for the execution of this project as part of the work-relief program. It was formerly possible to drive through Rock Creek Park and the Zoo by day to the parkway connection with Potomac Park as far as P street, where the communication was broken. The construction of the new Calvert Street Bridge interrupted thic routine. The Zoo reservation was furthermore closed to vehicles at night, owing to the necessity of keep'mg that area free from the disquieting sounds of traffic, which would arouse the animal inmates to disorderly clamor. Now the Calvert Street Bridge work is near an end and the southern section of the communicating parkway is about to be opened to use. There will remain then, as an interruption to through traffic from the northern District boun- dary to Potomac Park and thence to the Mount Vernon Highway, only the [} more | cruisers, raising their present quota to | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.:FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. short stretch of the Zoo area from the Klingle road to the Calvert Street Bridge. It is important beyond the require- ments of the pleasure traffic only that this route be opened. With it provided there would be a clear passageway for the ordinary traffic of the day, which is now confined in the main to Connecti- cut avenue. Relief of the pressure on that single artery would be in the interest of safety as well as expedition of traffic. In the development of tne northern suburbs of the city there has been a singular lack of north-south facilities for travel and the result is the concen- tration of a great volume of traffic on three main arteries, Sixteenth street, Connecticut avenue and Wisconsin ave- nue. The park should be utilized throughout its length, for all hours, for the relief of this congestion, as well as for the completion of a driveway that for length, for beauty and for interest of surroundings and objectives has no equal in the world. — e Reports of uncooked meat at an Abys- sinian feast may be intended to dam- age Selassie’s reputation as an epicure. Any one who has eaten a canvas-back duck as it should be served can under- stand that the true gourmet sometimes prefers his food very much underdone, Customs of civilization and barbarism frequently approximate curiously. v ————— “Midsummer Night's Dream” has been taken up with great success as material for the most elaborate expression of motion picture art. There is no ambas- sador of good will greater than®Shgke- speare, whose imagination roamed the werld for reminders of the ideals of common humanity. ————————— Amateur fisticuffs have no place in responsible business. Even those who indulge in them usually admit their futility by apologizing and shaking hands. N Gangsters contribute no aid to law en- forcement when they assassinate one another. A feud makes police work harder than a hold-up. -, A text book definition of “Communism” should be brief and to the point and not be accompanied by theories which en- courage youth to go home and te-educate parents. e In the present state of unrest even the chairman who says “the meeting will come to order” is not accepted as an ab- solutely reliable prophet. ) Scme of the arts roughen the hands and may call for ad- | dition of a corps of manicurists to the pay roll. ———— Shooting Stars, BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. On Its Way. The year has gone a-trudgin’ on its old familiar way, » A-passin’ through the sunshine an’ the storm; A-shiverin’ through the Winter an’ a-smilin’ with the May An’ wiltin’ when the dog days got too warm. Le’s all keep a-movin’ An’ hope we're improvin’ In spite of folks that plays an ugly game. Oh, the sinners is a-prowlin’ An’ a-scoldin’ an’ a-scowlin’, But Thanksgivin' is a-comin’ jes the same. We've been most afraid to listen to the news that traveled ‘round, For the battle cry has sounded left an’ right, But there never was no darkness so com- plete an’ so profound That this old wond couldn't swing into the light. So le's keep singin’, For the bell will soon be ringin’ An’ we'll gather 'round to praise an’ not to blame; There is never so much sadness That there isn’t room for gladness, So we're goin’ to have Thanksgivin' jes’ the same. Saying Nothing. “What are you going to say about that attack on your old political record?” “Nothing,” replied Senator Sorghum. “The others are giving it publicity enough, without my helping to adver- tise it.” Nothing Gratis. “You can't get something for nothing in this life.” “That’s right,” replied the gloomy citizen. “If I want even a few kind words about my disposition and some hope of future success I've got to go to a fortune teller and pay for thgm." Sharing the Uncertainty. ‘The Autumn gold that shines so gay Will vanish from its station As if it had been swept away By reckless speculation. A Generous Attitude. “Can you afford to keep a dog?” “Dat ain’ worrying me,” replied Mr. Erastus Pinkley. “But de way my luck’s been runnin’, if I was de dorg I'd git out an’ hunt up somebody else to belong to.” Deserted. “Don’t you miss the Summer board- ers?” “Yep,” replied Farmer Corntossel. “Now me an’ the hired man has to do the complainin’ about the cookin’ all by ourselves.” ' Ultimate Destiny. The oyster lives inside his shell, Content in solitude to dwell. The lobster flourishes a claw And holds his own in martial law. Though each plays quite a different game, They both get eaten, just the same. “If some men,” said Uncle Eben, “wuz haf as industr'ous in deir hones’ duty as dey am "bout makin® scuses, dey wouldn’ need no 'scuses ‘tall.” I of boondoggling | The Spirit, Not the Letter Of the Communism Rule To the Editor of The Star: The opinion of the corporation coun- sel on the intention of Congress in forbidding teaching and advocacy of communism in the public schools of the District of Columbia and the split decisior of the Board of Edu- cation upon the correctness of his interpretation leave the superintendent and teachers in an equivocal and un- comfortable position. Senator King de- clares that the corporation counsel has wrongly interpreted the purpose of Con- gress, which, he asserts, was to forbid the presentation of the subject, both in the sense of teaching or advocating it. In fact, the technical distinction between the two is but a question of sharp casuistry. On a dead issue which has no relation to present day life and rela- tionship teaching may be purely objec- tive without advocacy. One may teach about the Pelopenesian War without bias to either Athenian or Spartan, but it is practically impossible for a deep Eap- tist to teach the relative claims of immersion and sprinkling without eviucing his doctrinal convictions. For this reason all such subjects of instruction are eliminated from the public school programs. There is no question today within the whole range of economic and political discussion which agitates the public mind so much as comnfunism. The President of the United States has warned the Russian government against its insidious prose- lytism on threat of severing diplomatic relations. Congress has passed a law forbidding its instruction and advocacy in the schools of the District of Columbia, over which it has exclusive jurisdiction. Thirteen States have required teachers to take the oath of allegiance to the Consti- tution of the United States with the clear and unmistakable intention of barring communism as a subject of instruction. The American Legion has gone on record as being in favor of stamping out this | alien invasion, root and branch. The American Federation of Labor in its recent session at Atlantic City has'reg- istered its hostile attitude in no uncer- tain terms. The press, the pulpit and the radio present the subject only to de- nounce and condemn it. If any one is in doubt as to the attitude of the American mind on communism, he thereby places himself outside the pale of the intelligent and the well informed. In such an inflamed state of the public mird a sensible teacher, with or with- out forbidding law, should approach this question with extreme hesitancy and caution. This caution is doubly imposed in tax-supported schools, and most espe- cially after Congress has so forcibly ex- pressed itself in terms in which a way- faring man nged not err. After all of this salutary warning and in face of the adverse opinion of the keenest legal minds on the Board of Education any teacher who ventures to teach commun- ism does so at his or her own risk. Any teacher }vho has the temerity to present communism to his or her pupils, under the plea of objectivity without advocacy, will, undoubtedly, be cited for trial by an inquisitive public. This would precip- itate a renewed discussion of the ques= tion in Congress, which would then pro- ceed to pass a law upon whose construc- tion there could be no doubt. I remem- ber reading somewhere in “McGurthy's Reader” of three applicants for a posi- tion as coachman. They were all asked what would be their conduct if they [ approached a precipice. The first replied that he would never approach nearer | than six feet from the edge. The second applicant, desiring to show off his skill, deciared that he could drive within six inches with perfect safety. The third replied that he would keep as far away as possible. The more cautious applicant gol the job. The application is obvious. Teachers in tax-supported schools should keep as far as possible from the precipice of communism. KELLY MILLER. Helpful Suggestions for Talking With the Deaf To the Editor of The Star: The writer thanks The Sunday Star for the editorial on “National Hearing Week.” It is hard to believe it was written by a hearing person, so much knowledge, sense and sympathy does it show toward the hard of hearing. It is true that “so-called lip-reading never can be of much avail unless it has the co-operation of the speaker.” Some sounds cannot be seen on the lips of speakers and have to be determined by the context of the conversation or the judgment of the lip-reader, some- what like reading shorthand, only much harder. A would-be lip-reader, who is no better than 25 per cent competent, yet persistently practices it, is deterred not only by a “slipshod, careless manner of utterance,” but by a common habit some people have of putting their hands over their mouths while talking. Also, many turn their backs and answer with face turned away from the hard-of-hearing one. That lips have to be seen in order to be read is well known, but is forgotten. Talking into thg ear of the deaf person also interferes with lip-reading. Even if one’s lip-reading is poor, it gives added pleasure to conversation to look into the face of the speaker. While a few deaf people may be helped by talking into the ear, it is absolutely useless in other cases. Loud speakers (of the human type) are hard on the deaf. The voice that is good for the deaf does not strain the vocal cords of the speaker. It is pleas- ant to meet a person who asks, “Do I talk too loud?” or “Which is easiest to understand, low or loud tones?” Blessings on such people! Because the deaf one is trying to be patient and polite, he does not criticize voices that are trying to make him hear. In this special “week” it seems to me that these candid statements are allow- able. For these are things that every- body should know. A. R. HUNTER. . Medals as Well as Flowers Are Proposed for Police To the Editor of The Star: “Flowers for Police.” Quite a notable piece of work on the part of Policemen W. T. Taft and H. A. Lord of the third precinet in arresting the flower vender at Connecticut avenue and R street northwest who was trying to earn an honest living in a peaceful manner in these trying times. More notable was the action of the captain in command of the third pre- cinct in holding this man for failure to post collateral in this most serious crime—whereby all of his goods in trade were a total loss. The enormity of this flower vender’s crime is shocking to say the least—and the major and superintendent of the Metropolitan Police force should cite each of these policemen and the cem- manding officer of the third precinet for conspicuous bravery and' see that a suitable medal is struck off at once. EARL BLAKE. Aboriginal Losses. ¥rom the Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) Times Leader. Scientists have found that the Indians had dice that they made out of shells, and they must have been used to play games. No wonder, then, says the hard-boiled, that the pictures we see of Indians show them without thelr shirts. Among the sober and great leaves, those of the dogwood are veritable jewels, 50 beautiful that the wayfarer shrinks from stepping on them. Yet in natural profusion they so be- spangle the walk that there is no escap- ing them; they are trod on, but remems= bered in their glory. Those who love the seasons will forgive us for returning to the Autumn leaves, Great lush carpets of them drift along beneath our great oaks. The rustle of feet through them is heard all day long. It is a melodious sound to some, part of the universal symphony. It belongs to the music of rainfall, of the soft whirr of snowflakes, of the sharp crack of lightning and the long roll of thunder. The melody of the fallen leaves is like a song of childhood, all the more dear because so well remembered. I It is impossible to call fallen leaves litter. Though, in the city, the street cleaning department may remove them, they might as well be let remain, were it not for the fact that they would too mightily clog up the sewers. Why call them dead leaves? They are not so dead, as changed; and it is ecasy enough to see this when we think of leaves: perhaps our vision will be more extended in the days to come. Their natural function has come to an end, so they loosen their hold on the branches and the boughs and drift down to rustle together for a little while before the winds of Winter disperse them to new duties. Perhaps the best of these is as mulch for evergreens and shrubs and peren- nial plants in the garden. Hedges form windbyeaks, against which the Autumn leaves come to rest, hud- dling close to the privet and barberry branches. This Winter covering not only helps | to protect the plants from the deep cold, but also furnishes, after long remove, some amount of fertilizer of a strictly natural kind. i In enumerating the new duties of | leaves, after they have fallen from the | trees, it is impossible to omit the tone | of Autumn which they give to our streets. Only by the crisp air would we know it to be Fall, and not always by that, as recent Springlike days have attested, were it not for the great mas of brown and red and vellow leaves v 1 #arnish our bare curbs and white sidewalks. The very mame. Fall, so commonly | used in the United States, probably comes solely from the physical descent of the | leaves. Every one, young or old. loves the season, and no doubt the greater part | of this is due, after the colder air, to the changed leaves, both upon the trees and on the lawns and streets and in the roads. PR Some trees gleam as if covered all over with red tiles. Surely that is not a tree! It must be a roof — Closer inspectinn proves it to be a tree, after all. its leaves a perfect red and every one vet on the boughs. And there is a holly tree, covered with countless thousands of red berries. What a prophecy of a fine Charistmas it is, standing there in the yard, cov- ered with its beautiful bright berries.” Surely, if signs can be believed, the coming Christmas is going to be as fine a one as the country has known in many a long year. A Let the prediction stand. * k x The amateur gardener will see in leaves, in addition to their beauty, untold treasures of humus for his garden. He will see millions of tons of the best leaf mold going to waste. He will see persons making bonfires and depriving themselves of the excel- lency of this best of additions to mediocre soils, but he will know that they do not wish to bother with the composting of it. The compost pile, so-called, is some- thing that grows on the gardening mind and heart. Surely the supposed organ of sentiment has something to do with it, too, for it is impossible to see these great drifts of leaves, without feeling a twinge of the heart at their going to waste so largely. If it were possible to collect all these leaves and properly treat them with va- rious chemicals, their breaking down into humus, closely akin to soft black earth, would be a matter of just one Winter. As it is, when leaves are merely piled together, with the addition of some earth in layers, considerably longer than one season is necessary to ameliorate them for future use around plants. Yet even at the end of six months this process has plainly begun. Wanting digging some of them in around plants. * x x ok As much as one admires fallen leaves, so much a part of the season, it is im- possible to believe any longer that they help a lawn. For many vears it was widely advo- permitted to remain. Those who listened to this had the pleasure of seeing their neighbors, who raked their lawns clean in October and November, uniformly have better grass next Spring. Despite the beauty of leaves. should be raked or swept up, preferably before the rains make them heavy and soggy, and lie close to the earth: or three rakings will be necessary at intervals. tree—has faillen, but it is better, perhaps. to make two or three jobs of it and get them as they fall. The fresh smell of grass in the Spring has a counterpart in the almost-as-fresh odor of raked lawns in mid-Autumn. Grass is surprisingly wet now, even when flower borders are baked dr Grass needs no covering. The old-fash- ioned belief that a covering of some material is good for it is doned. Perhaps it mav be another old wisdom we will revive, from time to time, but the best thought on the matter now | is that lawns must be kept so well in grass that they need no coverings. Thus they are able to protect themselves to a certain extent from weeds, and to keep fresh and green, more or less, the year | around. Let us rake the leaves from them, but not be in too great a hurry about it and permit fallen leaves to lie as they will in borders and around shrub- bery. Such slight acidity as they possess will do no harm and their protection { will-do a great deal of good if we have | another hard Winter. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. “A Treaty Navy Fullv Manned: An Adequate Merchant Marine” is the dou- ble-barreled slogan which will inspire celebration of Navy day on October 28— & day later than usual this time, because the anniversary of Theodore Roosevelt's birth, October 27, falls on Sund: Con- | gress having authorized completion of a treaty Navy by 1942, friends of pre- | paredness at sea seem to fecl it desirable at this juncture to revive national in- | terest in establishment of an American- | built, American-owned, American-man- | ned and American-operated merchant fleet commensurate with our foreign commerce and capable of serving as a war-time auxiliary to the Navy. recent statistics recall that at the out- break of the World War, in 1914, the sudden withdrawal of foreign merchant tonnage removed all but 10 per cent of the carriers of American trade. Presi- dent Roosevelt’s determination to keep the United States “free and unentangled” in current international complications clothes Uncle Sam’'s sea establishment with timely importance as a factor in our neutrality program. Great Britain's naval expansion plans also give up-to- the minute point to the sentiments un- derlying Navy day and Uncle Sam’s policy of maintaining a fleet second io none. i Attorney General Homer Cummings, just back from Europe, says that in none of the three countries he visited, Great Britain, France and Belgium, did he en- counter anything to match our Federal Bureau of Investigation. Mr. Cummings thinks Uncle Sam is chiefly deficient in methods for crime prevention. It is his avowed ambition, before he leaves the Department of Justice, to lay the foun- dations of such a system. Belgium's school of criminology, he found, repre- sents the greatest advance in that direc- tion, particularly because of the training it gives to judges, prosecutors and other criminal law administrators. The At~ torney General cites the 220,000 persons now imprisoned in the United States, compared to 4.000 in Belgium, 11,000 in England and Wales, and 40,000 in France. But, as an illustration of the far greater vastness and complexity of America's crime problem, he points out, that the Urshel kidnaping case alone ramified across seven States with a total area of 684,000 square miles, which would blanket half a dozen European countries. Mr. Cummings finds the “population” of our Federal penitentiaries increasing o rapidly that existing accommodations will soon be overtaxed. The A. G. is enthusiastic over the value of Alcatraz Prison as a crime deterrent. * * k% President Roosevelt's visit to Charles- ton this week was a signal compliment to Senator James F. Byrnes, Democrat, of South Carolina, who will be up for re-election next year. Byrnes, now en route to the Philippines, has rated as a front-rank White House spokesman in the Senate throughout the New Deal, and been one of F. D. R.’s most trusted congressional advisers. There have been indications that “Jim” may face some primary opposition for renomination from two quarters—Col. Harllee of Dillon, a retired Army officer, and former Mayor Thomas P. Stoney of Charleston. Byrnes’ fences are believed to be in good shape. They were undoubtedly strengthened by the cordial terms in which the Presi- dent at Charleston publicly referred to his Carolinian lieutenant. * % * % Sir Norman Angell, British Labor party Some | ited Washington this week in the course of an American lecture tour upon which be has just embarked. Since he left Labor candidate for the House of Com- mons in the University of London di- vision. As the constituency is over- pects tc be returned to Parliament, in which he sat during the governments headed by Ramsay MacDonald. a close perscnal friend, though he thinks Labor wili double its present strength at the forthcoming election. Angell was once a cowboy on our Western plains, but has devoted his life to politics. He achieved international re- | nown in 1916 with “The Great Illusion,” a oook which argues that economic wai for victor and vanquished alike. Angell is now concentrating on the sub- | ject of money. He says popular ignorance of that fundamental question is world- wide. Sir Norman has invented a card game called “Money,” which aims to explain the monetary system. ik Indications that Controller General John R. McCarl is now stepping on the gas in liberating hundreds of millions of work-relief dollars revive interest in the McCarl-for-President boom. As a Nebraskan trained in the Norris Pro- gressive school. the watchdog of the bud- get measures up to what many Repub- licans consider to be their chief requisite in the form of a candidate next year. The controller general's 15-year term of office expires on July 1, 1936. He will be 56 years old next month. G. O. P. stress on New Deal expenditure is re- garded by McCarl's friends as water on his mill. * ¥ X % Secretary Hull is acquiring a reputa- tion within the State Department for simplicity and Democratic informality in documentary expression. He is credited with a healthy dislike of the stiited and stereotyped language of dip- lomatic officialdom and has been known on occasion to request the redrafting of reports and memorandd in plain English. * k ¥ x Under auspices of the National Insti- tution of Public Affairs, of which former District of Columbia Commissioner Louis Brownlow is chairman and Otis T. Wingo, jr. both of whose parents served as representatives from Arkansas, is secre- tary, a national governmental “labora- tory” is to be established in Washington. It will train college graduates for pub- lic service. Thirty of the country’s ablest young men and women will be brought to the Capital each year on fellowships and scholarships for insight into prac- tical operations of the Federal Govern- ment. They will serve as “interne” assistants to high administration offi- cials. Rockefeller Foundation funds assure the, scheme ample financial support. * Kk K x Five or six States may be arenas of spirited 1936 presidential preference primary ccntests among their own favorite sons. California may be called upon to choose between Hoover and Gov. Merriam, Illinois between Col. Knox and Gov. Lowden, Iowa between Senator Dickinscn an¢ Col. Hanford MacNider and Oregon between Senators McNary and Steiwer, while New York has Mills, Snell, Wadsworth, Fish and Teddy Roosevelt as possible rivals for conven- tion delegates. Landon in Kansas, Vandenberg in Michigan, Borah in Idaho and Hoffman in New Jersey face no better material, the home gardener will | find it possible to use these leaves by | cated that all fallen leaves should be | they | This will mean that not one, but two | | grave with him.” It is possible to wait until | every last leaf—even the last leaf on the | doubt the leaves are the explanation. | England Angell has been nominated as | whelmingly Conservative, he hardly ex- ' | first journalism and | devastation is the inevitable result of | Westerner from the farm country, a | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp jor reply. Q. Is Miss Amelia Earhart connected with Purdue University?—M. H. A. The office of the president of Purdue University says: “During the present aca- demic year Miss Earhart will serve as consultant in careers for women. In addition, she will serve as adviser in the development of the program of the uni- versity for aeronautical instruction and research.” Q. How are the figures determined in handicapping horses by the percentage system?—E. A. A. The horses arg¢ rated according to the number of times they have been in the money in previous races. Q. What was the first American cas- ualty in the Ethiopian War?—F. L. M. A. Wilfred Courtney Barber, Chicago Tribune correspondent, who died of malaria, is the first reported. Q. How many bones are there in the human foot?—G. W. A. There are 26. Q. What became of the diamond- studded championship belt which John L. Sullivan won?—C. K. A. F. G. Menke says: “The diamond- studded championship belt was donated by Richard K. Fox. then publisher of the Police Gazette, for the Jake Kilrain fight, which Sullivan won. Many stories of its wanderings have since been circulated. It was found, in part, in a pawnshop, but its present whereabouts is not known. The belt was for the London prize ring title, Fox having had a quarrel with Sullivan, and putting up the belt to influence John L. to meet Fox's new idol, Kilrain. That was the last London prize ring fight in this country for any title. The Queensberry rules fight between Sullivan and Corbett, in 1892, was won by Corbett. Sullivan carried the Lon- don prize ring championship into the Q. In what juvenile “Little Lord Fauntleroy” serial?>—M. B A. This story of Frances Hadgson Burnett's first appeared as a serial in St. Nicholas. magazine did appear as a Q What is guerrilla warfare?—H. K. S. A. The term defines warfare carried n by small independent bands against larger bodies of troops, the fighting | being done from ambush or by sudden almost aban- | raids. Much of the fighting of the Americans in the Revolution, especially in the South. might be termed guerrilla warfare. The word is the Spanish diminutive of guerra, which means war. Q. Who was the first American singer to play the role of Carmen?—G. F. A. Minnie Hauk (1852-1929), operatic soprano, was the first American in this role. Q. Please give some information about the George Junior Republic—H. F. A This community, at Freeville, N. Y, was founded in 1895 by William Reuben | George for the purpose of giving & home to neglected and unadapted children, both boys and girls. The community is | in the nature of a miniature republic | where the children make their own laws, elect their officers and have their own administrative system. There are work= shops, restaurants, & store. bank, library, laundry and school buildings on a farm of over 300 acres. All must work and are paid in local currency. Vocational, as well as grammar school training, is received to the age of 16. The age of admission is from 12 to 18 years. Q. How long have raisins been noted as a product of California?—L. D. B. A. Raisin culture was introduced into California by missionaries about 1771. Q. What was the first almanac pube lished in America?>—G. M A. In 1636 Stephen Daye started the almanac in the Massachusetts Colony. Q. What were liquor revenues last year?—L. T. A. Collections for the fiscal year ended June 30 were $411.000,000, which is more than the total revenues of the Gove ernment from all taxes and customs duties at the time of the Spanish-Amer- ican War. Q. Does bubonic plague now exist in America?—S. E. A. Not in North America, but recently it has become necessary for Panama | canal authorities to take special pre= cautions concerning ships arriving from Guayaquil, Ecuador, because of the presence of the plague there. Q. Where is the Isle of Capri?—N. K. A. It is at the sputh end of the Bay of Naples, near Naples, Italy. Q. What was the Battle Above the Clouds?—E. B. A. This is a popular name for the battle of Lookout Mountain in the Civil War. Heavy mists hung over the mountain- sides up which Union troops charged a successful assault upon Confederate posi- tions at the crest of the mountain, Q. How old is the poomerang?—D. F. A. There is evidence that the boome erang was known to paleolithic Euro= peans. It was used in ancient Egypt and is still used by Australian natives and by some tribes of India and of American Indians. Q. The Washington Cathedral seems to occupy a commanding position over= looking the city. How high above the city is it?>—C. H. L. A. The Cathedral grounds are 380 feet above sea level. The lowest points in the city are almost at sea level. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton The Townsman Facing projects and strife ahead, Full of ardor yet full of dread, Pondering where his prospects led; { To concentrate with balanced mind, Inhaling vigor with fresh wind, At dusk he left the streets behind. He drove past farms where on the ground Red apples scattered all around Arbors with purple vintage crowned. Burnished the dusky, glowing trees. Invigorating the night breeze— Yet still he groped for wise decrees. The streets again. Tumultuous. Bright. And there he visualized the right Reaction on the morrow’s fight! . .« A mind that to the town belongs Cannot throw off the urban thongs But finds new verve amid the throngs. 1}