Evening Star Newspaper, October 7, 1935, Page 10

THE EVEXNING STAR, WASHINGTON. D. C, MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1935. Y e e THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY .........cc0...October 7, 1935 —_— THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editer St A The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: rivania Ave. ienno o 3 Burconia Smomet Kenent ¢ London. Engian. Rate by Carrier Within the City. 'a“'('? & month, Collect! de A of eacl Orders may be sent by mail of telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ”‘c .. 88e ily and Sunday...1 yr. $10.00: 1 r., $6.00; 1 mo.. } . $4.00: } mo., 40¢ Daily s1d Sunday..1 Sr.. Daily ouly yr.. 8K Bunday only: i $5.00i Member of the Associated Press. Associated Press is exclusively entitled to oh:nfu Tor r.eoublxc'mon of all news dispatches eredited tao llt‘ocrhnfl ol?e!'!sev%rb!fii;‘edd “\,rfl;,l,s and al the local news S l, B A A thfication of ‘specisl dispatenes herein are also reserved. — Strict Neutrality. “And, whereas war now unhappily exists between Ethiopia and the King- dom of Italy.” In these words, in his two proclamations regarding the use of the ships of the two nations by Ameri- can citizens and the supply of munitions, the President of the United States has formally recognized a state of belliger- ency on the part of those antagonists. This establishes the condition upon which the recently enacted neutrality measure of Congress was based. It recog- nizes that “state of war” which requires Americans to refrain from traveling upon the ships of the belligerents and from supplying arms, ammunition and imple- ments of war to them. The proclama- tions relate to these two prohibitions, respectihly. They do not go beyond the act of Congress. In respect to the provision of the proclamation regarding the supply of munitions the President exercises the prerogative granted by the act in the definition of the articles of warfare, the export of» which may be prohibited. The embargo set up by the proclama- tion includes rifles, guns, ammunition, tanks, bombs, war vessels, aircraft and poison gas. This list is identical with that issued in the proclamation of Sep- tember 25 requiring manufacturers and exporters and importers to register and to obtain certificates and licenses for transacting business. Thus there is no change in that aspect of the neutrality situation. Nor is there as regards the matter of travel upon the ships of bel- ligerents, which was forbidden in the act of Congress, save at the risk of the traveler. Inasmuch as Ethiopia has no merchant marine and no ports, these prohibitions do not in any manner or degree affect that country. The warning as to travel is definitely aimed at the ships flying the Italian flag. If Americans take passage upon one of them they do so at their own risk. And since there is no Ethiopian navy and Ethiopia has no allies, there is virtually no chance what- ever that travel upon an Italian ship would be attended with danger other than that of disaster wholly distinct from the “state of war.” This warning is, therefore, a gesture of strict neutrality rather than a measure of security for American travelers. Nor is there any suggestion of “sanc- tions,” in the sense of trade discrimina- tion against a belligerent nation, in either of the proclamations. By refus- ing Government support to those who may travel on the ships of a belligerent and by prohibiting the shipment of cer- tain classes of munitions and materials of wgr to either contestant the Uniied States does not join in any boycott or trade reprisal in penaity for a breach of the peace. In short, the United States declares its neutrality, warns Americans that they will travel upon the ships of the bellig- erents at their own risk and refuses to grant licenses to American manufac- turers and dealers in arms and munitions to sell and send such materials to either of the warring nations. That was the act of Congress and that is the Presi- dent’s declaration in recognition of the state of war that, as he says, “now un- happily exists between Ethiopia and the Kingdom of Italy.” Whatever may be the sympathies of the American people in respect to the righteousness of this conflict, they must stand firmly on the ground of strict neutrality. 1 mo.. —_— -— The Supreme Court. - In the turmoil of political battle in- volving the executive and legislative branches of the Government the third branch, the judicial, is sometimes for- gotten. Indeed, it is not long since the “twilight of the Supreme Court” was said to be at hand. Today the court meets for the opening of its Fall term, & term that promises to be momentous. It meets, moreover, in the splendid mar- ble building lately erected for its use. Predictions that this new home would be a mausoleum for the high court, in the light of recent developments, are strangely wide of the mark. The court moves inte its new quarters a vital, living thing. It meets with cases pending before it for consideration and determimation of far-reaching importance to the Ameri- can people, cases that involve funda- mentals of the Constitution of the United States as it now stands and the dual form of government, Federal and State. Looming particularly in the pub- lic eye is the challenge to the agricul- tural adjustment act and its processing taxes. This, like the national industrial recovery act, has been regarded as a corner stone of the Roosevelt New Deal. Already the Supreme Court has knocked props from under the N. R. A. with a strong and unanimous opinion to the effect that it went far beyond the powers granted the Federal Government under the Constitution. Other cases involv- A ing the constitutionality of the Bank- head cotton-control law, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the authority of the Government to make loans and grants to municipalities for the construction of electric power plants and the right of the Government to condemn property for low-cost housing projects are knock- ing at the door of the court. And in the offitg are challenges to the Guffey coal act, the Wagner labor disputes act, the economic security act and the public utility holding company act. When the Supreme Court last May declared the N. R. A. unconstitutional and rebufed President Roosevelt for throwing out of office the late William E. Humphrey, a member of the Federal Trade Commission, because he did not see eve to eye with Mr. Roosevelt, there was a sigh of relief. The drive for power and the centralization of government in Washington apparently had been checked. What the Supreme Court does when it passes upon other New Deal measures will be equally far-reaching in effect. In the light of its N. R. A. de- cision there has been grave doubt that other important New Deal measures can survive court detérmination. The Supreme Court, down through all its years, has stood for American lib- erties. It has guarded the rights of the American people. It has not been swerved by political clamor. It has yet to hear the voice of a political master. The court continues a bulwark between the people and those who seek to con- trol them and to limit the liberties pledged them under the Constitution. May it ever continue to do so! Ttaly’s Plight. With President Roosevelt's proclama- tion of the existence of a state of war, his declaration of an embargo on sale of arms to either belligerent and his warn- ings that American citizens will volun- tarily engage in transactions of any kind with the belligerents or travel on their ships at citizens’ own risk, the stage is set at Geneva for indictment of Italy as the aggressor in Africa. Formal action to that end is scheduled for today. It will place the final seal of approval on punitive steps long inevitable, though characteristic League paltering more than once made it seem doubtful whether the debating powers would ever find the courage to beat words into decisive deeds. The Council Committee has been tardily spurred into adopting a definite position by military events. Adowa hav- ing fallen into the hands of the Fascist legions, to Rome’s frenzied joy, the Council is no longer required to take refuge in diplomatic phraseology, but can without further equivocation pro- ceed to brand haly as the aggressor. Beyond question, the United States’ attitude serves to strengthen the resolve to hold Italy to account for violation of her League obligations. Geneva has always been uncertain what America’s position would be in case of sanctions. President Roosevelt's moves will not formally constitute American identifica- tion with League measures, but they amount to that in practical effect. The nations about to invoke the covenant against Italy are now at least certain to feel assured that interference by the United States with League procedure is highly improbable. Mussolini is not likely to indulge in any illusions on that score. As the shadow of sanctions descends upon him, Il Duce exudes significant evi- dence of a certain sweet reasonableness. Rome rocks with circumstantial reports that he is becoming peace-minded. His abortive appeal to Great Britain for a mutual withdrawal of naval forces from the Mediterranean speaks volumes. Prankly anxious to limit his military operations to East Africa and maintain peace in Europe, the dictator is authori- tatively reported anxious for a deal to settle the Ethiopian conflict on a “com- promise” basis. There is talk of his readiness to accept a League mandate for the more fertile portions of Haile Selassie’s domain and to “co-operate” with the Emperor in “organizing” the rest of the country, possibly with Anglo- French participation. If there is any foundation for such projects, they denote a wide departure from Mussolini's pre- vious claims, which called for nothing less than annexation of Ethiopia. Adowa, city of revenge, having been captured, 11 Duce may feel that Italy’s military escutcheon is cleansed and that she can now make peace with honor. The Italian people cannot contemplate with anything but anxiety and alarm the twin calamities confronting them— the squandering of life and treasure on & cruelly terrible scale in the jungles of Ethiopia, and the certainty that League sanctions sooner or later will fatefully cripple Italy's capacity to wage indefi- nitely the “colonial war” into which Mussolini has so wantonly plunged her, regardless of possibly far graver conse- quences nearer home. —————————— Italy has decided to give art a breath- ing spell. Bombing planes are neither beautiful nor poetic. ———————— Champlain. At Old Fort Niagara on Saturday last & bronze bust of Samuel de Champlain was presented by France to the United States, accepted with appropriate cere- monies and unveiled. The occasion is worthy of note as a tribute to the founder of Canada, but it would be an error to imagine that he has not been commemorated elsewhere—his name is immortal as the designation of the beau- tiful lake, between New York and Ver- mont, which he discovered in 1609. The story of his career, however, merits more popular recognition than it has had. Champlain was more than an adventurer. Indeed, his books prove him to have been possessed of one of the best minds of the rich and colorful age to which he belonged. He was a skilled navigator, & courageous and intelligent explorer, a successful colonizer, a gifted and capable administrator, a talented diplomat and, withal, a practical vision- ary of the rarest and most notably useful type. His dream for New France was [} { but a single project of many which he entertained, developed and supported. As early as 1599 he foresaw and advo- cated the Panama Canal; in 1603 he was pleading for the settlement—not the mere occupation—of the St. Lawrence Valley; in 1608 he established Quebec and in 1611 Montreal. Even when a prisoner in England, 1629 to 1632, he was actively publicizing his vision of a trans- Atlantic empire for the unhappy surplus population of his country. He was a creative expansionist in the truest and most accurate meaning of the phrase. For explanation of his genius one may turn to Louise Phelps Kellogg's sum- mary of his character. “He was simple, sincere and steadfast, without osten- tation or pride,” she says. “He preferred life in the open to that of courts, yet he was no mean courtier and was re- spected by king and nobles alike. His appreciation of the natives of America was deep, and by his sympathy for them he had much influence over the sav- ages. His vision and foresight for the colony's needs earned for him the title of Father of New France.” It follows, then, that he should be listed in the vanguard of the builders of the civiliza- tion in which New France is merged. He stands with Capt. John Smith and Capt. Miles Standish as an architect of the New World and merits the gratitude of millions who should be happy to acknowledge such a debt. —_— e The American Federation of Labor will exclude communists, thus carrying out one of the most emphatic policies of the late Samuel Gompers, who sits in statuary on the edge of his chair as one repeating his favorite phrase, “I am not asking you. I am telling you.” —— et Perhaps no oath of allegiance by a college professor should ordinarily be required. The sentiment behind such an oath is so sacred that its formal expres- sion might be dispensed with save in a time ,of so many bewildering suspicions. P — Herbert Hoover appointed a number of commissions, but he at least refrained from rendering some of them almost anonymous by merging them into the alphabet. ———— Atlantic City is engaged in welcoming the American Federation of Labor. One of the most cheering and helpful influ- ences in our civilization is the profes- sional greeter. ———— Educators who encourage sports may feel some satisfaction in noting that neither Max Baer nor Joe Louis is a college man. e r—e— Americans have long been studied for the development of another language. Radio is affording an interesting study in the blending of old and new dialects. — et — Publicity is not easily managed. Some- times its hardest work is the correction of blunders it has previously made. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Dream Journey. Traveling through the land of dreams When skies are dark or bright, And nothing is just what it seems When met by day or night! We long to view a deal that's new Which leaves nobody sad: One which makes pleasant dreams come true And quite forgets the bad. Traveling through the land of dreams ‘The hopes that we pursue Are with us still when morning gleams If they are fair and true. Our dreaming we must all complete And start the day again Nor be discouraged if we meet A nightmare now and then. ® Immutable Sentiment. “Do you think we will ever ignore the United States Constitution?” “Not by any possibility,” said Senator Sorghum. “Even superficial custom is loyal to it. Youll never get people to forget honored friends even to the extent of omitting fireworks on the Fourth of July.” +Jud Tunkins said a bombshell same as a soap box comes along with a loud noise that causes worry without making sense. Equality. A mnan will threaten and proclaim What may, of course, be true, “Since we are fashioned all the same I'm just as good as you. “But when a hatred deep is met With consequences sad, I'm just as good, but don't forget, I'm also just as bad.” Shadow Shooting. “Are there any professional bad men left in Crimson Gulch?” “No,” answered Mesa Bill. “There's nothin’ left for the boys to shoot at except the motion pictures showin’ that crime doesn't pay.” Habit. Why do we play at silly games? ‘Why do so many view With pride their superficial aims— It's just because we do. Why do we leave a happy home Some battle to pursue, Scarce understanding why they roam— It’s just because we do. ‘Why does a monkey climb and throw A coconut or two, And why do men a bombing go— It's just because we do. “We learns from experience,” said Uncle Eben, “a lot of things dat we ought to have known by natural common A ) THE POLITICAL MILL By G. Gould Lincoln. The Supreme Court, which seeks to keep away from politics, is nevertheless looming more and more as a factor in the making of campaign issues next year. The court meets today for the first time in its new marble home. And before many days, it will be called upon to decide upon the constitutionality of the A. A. A. and other of the important Roosevelt New Deal acts. Last May it struck down the N. R. A. The picture presented to the country, if the court invalidates the A. A. A, the Guffey coal act, the Wagner labor disputes act, the T. V A. in some of its activities, will be of an administration which has de- veloped an unconstitutional program. If that does not raise a constitutional issue —provided the Supreme Court comes to such decisions—it will be because the Roosevelt New Dealers retreat from their reform program. o ok On the eve of the opening of the ses- sion of the Supreme Court, Gov. Harold G. Hoffman, Rpublican, of New Jersey comes forward with a proposal that the Constitution be amended to provide that all laws enacted by Congress be sub- mitted to the Supreme Court to pass upon their constitutionality before they are put into effect. Hoffman suggests that the Republican party put forward such an amendment as a campaign issue. Some New Dealers have resented the fact that the Supreme Court is permitted to declare any law of Congress uncon- stitutional. Their proposal has been a definite statement, in an amendment to the Constitution, that the Supreme Court is not to invalidate a law of Congress on the ground of unconstitutionality. * X % X The Supreme Court, under the pro- posal of Gov. Hoffman, would be called upon not merely for advisory opinions as to the constitutionality—but would have to put its seal of approval on every act of Congress in any way involving the Constitution and the rights of the people thereunder, before the law became effec- tive. It would have a veto power which it could and would exert of its own initiative. Under the conditions as they now exist, the court only passes on the constitutionality of such laws as the citi- zens of the country challenge through court action. The New Jersev Governor does not hesitate to put his proposed amendment into concrete form. But whether the Republican party will adopt his suggestion and make it an issue is another question. The Supreme Court seems to be in a pretty good position to deal with unconstitutional laws right now. ‘The text of the amendment proposed by Gov. Hoflman is specific. It reads: “That all laws enacted by the Congress and approved by the President, or en- acted by the Copgress over the disap- proval of the President, shall be sub- mitted to the Supreme Court of the United States for a decision as to their constitutionality before they become effective. Any law held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court shall be null and void.” x k x x ‘The New Jersey Governor sprang into the limelight last November when he defeated his Democratic opponent for Governor in a vear that was strongly Democratic. His was one of the few victories to which the Republicans could point. A number of Mr. Hoffman’s friends are ambitious for him and have suggested in the past that he would prove good presidential timber. With the demand coming from so many sources that the Republican presidential candidate for 1936 be selected from the Middle West, comparatively little has been said so far about Gov. Hoffman. However, the race for the nomination is still very much open. And if a Midwest presidential candidate is named the convention may presidential nominee. There is an op- portunity which may open for the New Jersey Governor., if he desires it. £ ox ok Priends of Senator William E. Borah of Idaho take with very much of a grain of salt reports that Borah has tied him- self up with Dr. Townsend and his old- age pension plan. In fact, they insist that the Serator declined to commit himself to the $200-a-month plan of Dr. Townsend for all persons in this coun- try 60 years of age or more. The Idaho Senator is expected to return to Wash- ington from Boise, where he is now, some time between today and Novem- ber 1. The Senator comes up for re- election to the Senate next vear. His name has been prominently mentioned, however, in connection with the Repub- lican presidential nomination. If, how= ever, Mr. Borah should hook himself up with the Townsend plan, his chances for the presidential nomination would certainly evaporate quickly. in the opin- jon of Republican politicians here, whether progressive or conservative. * ok * % Gov. Alf M. Landon of Kansas is cer- tain to have a good sized block of dele- gates in the Republican National Con- vention of 1936. judging from present indications. They will come, first, from the States immediately in the neighbor- hood of Kanusas—Missouri, Nebraska, ete. How far away from Kansas the Governor will be considered a good candidate for the momination remains to be seen. He is little known in the Eastern part of the country, or even in the great States of Illinois, Ohio, Indi- ana and Michigan. In the opinion of some of the Republican leaders, Landon oceupies a strategic position, geograph- ically. How strong a campaigner he would prove to be, however, is another thing. It is quite sure, however, that he will be given the once-over very care- fully by party leaders during the next few months. * ok ko There is one Republican presidential possibility who is laying low these days— Senator Arthur Vandenberg of Michigan. He is letting all the rest make the run- ning. As a matter of fact, Vandenberg refuses to be budged from the posi- tion early assumed by him, that he is not & candidate for the nomination and will not lift a finger to advance his own prospects along that line. Yet there are many Republicans who insist that Vandenberg would make the strong- est candidate the party could put for- ward. He is a good speaker, a quality which some of the others prominently mentioned do not have. L Pormer President Herbert Hoover’s speech to the young Republicans in Oak- land, Calif., Saturday night projects him immediately into the limelight as a possible contender for the presidential nomination. It will surprise a lot of the party leaders, however, if Mr. Hoover actually comes to the point of being an active candidate for the nomination. And if he does, it will them more if he is successful in the race for the nomination. Much may happen, how- ever, within an eight months’ period, supporters of the former President main- tain, and they have not given up hope that the “Chief” will yet be the choice of the Republican convention for Presi- dent. Mr. Hoover’s attack on the Roose- velt spending program and fiscal policy was an effective bit of campaigning. and the Democrats are looking around to snswer it. A turn East for a vice | What is repetition, after all? Nature repeats herself endlessly, but variation is her eternal salvation. Those strong natural forces, great lit- erary artists and violinists, write the same and play the same things year after year. ‘There is never any mistaking them any more than there is Summer for Winter. Lesser forces, which include most of us, well may emulate them if we show the same lack of fear of consequences. Favorite themes, favorite ideas, fa- vorite phrasings—these are to be ex- pected of all men of any consequence at all. Only the man afraid looks forever for novelty of expression. If his roots were in Nature he would know better. * ok ox % In other words, what one means who carelessly uses the good word “repeti- tion” is not that at all, really, but va- riation. Variation has been called the spice of life and it is all that and more. It is the heartbeat of humanity, ‘We love variations of old themes. Nothing so touches us, in the daily life, as to read what we know already! The old songs and the old friends, are these not varied enough for any one? Yet we know every word they will say by heart. It is only their saying it and the variation which comes as part of their good repetition which makes it of endless worth. * x ok ox ‘There is never any danger in repe- tition if honesty and integrity accom- pany it. Because these two ingredients assure variation, the endless spice. Let those who do not trust the bound- less wells of Nature in them keep records and files and the like in order that they may look back if need be; the strong character has no need of such, for he assures himself and others of variation if he does not do so. He has nothing to turn back to and no need for it, either; he is filled with the vigor of creation and goes right ahead drawing on the old immortal | sources of peace, power and plenty. His repetition then becomes variation. | As a skilled pianist, who also knows the | art of composition, he plays endless va- riations on the same theme, which he | endlessly makes different and new. * Ok k% The study of Nature assures the human mind of the needlessness of any purile attempt to be “different.” Nature's differences are but variations | of the same old theme. She has a few fine stories, gloriously conceived everything since have been but variations. She got the idea of man, and so we have tumultuous cities and great liners on the high seas and little poems singing in the beginning, of which | through the brains of curious creatures. ! She got the idea of tiger, and even | today we have tigers the same as all | tigers, but each tiger different. If any one does not believe tigers | are different, but are mere “repetition,” let him study house cats, tigers in the house, as some one called them, and prove to himself once and for all their eternal difference and variation. Nature got the idea for beetles and created beetles in endless form and shape, size and uses. Insects are all insects and fishes are all fishes, though they vary so tre- mendously in external characteristics that the observer might never suspect them to be related. o ‘What is repeated so endlessly? Why, the idea of a fish. It is the same in them wll. The student to come will some day take out of Nature the great basic ideas and display them in all their littleness —and their supreme greatness. Out of few basic ideas Nature makes endless combinations and permutations. She repeats herself, but her repetitions are those of a skilled workman. * * * x Let us all be skilled workmen, then, as far as we are able. The closer we stick to Nature, which includes what the Romans called “the nature of things,” the surer we are of being skilled. A few simple ideas and their eternal variation—isn't that the life history of Edison, for example? And we shall be inventors and artists in little if we remain equally true to a good determination to hew to the line and let the famous chips fall where they may. In every walk of life, no matter what one does, it is how one does it that counts. What does the poor workman do? He is careless, indifferent and has no regard for what comes next. If he is a plumber he scratches all the woodwork up so that the painter has to be called. The latter, if he, too, is a | poor workman, punches a hole in the plaster, so one must call the plasterer. If the latter comes and also is a poor workman, he somehow gets a faucet out | of commission again, so the plumber has to be called once more. And so on goes the round of bad repetition. Good repetition is otherwise. It means that each workman does what he is | supposed to do the best he can and without hurting anything else or causing any trouble. The good worker, in whatever line and wherever he may be found. is har- monious, in that he has a gift, as we say, for order and neatness and doing the best work he knows how to do. If he repeats himself, it is good re- peating. His work has variation along the great chosen line and that is enough for him and others, too. The beat of the heart is a repetition ‘The flow of the blood, the breathing of living creatures combine in an endless repetition to do what Nature intended | them to do. And so it is. one may believe, with all of us. We were intended to do what we are doing. The fact that we are doing it proves it Whatever we are doing we were in- tended to do it, so long as we do it honestly, openly and as thoroughly as | we know how. That is the salvation of the common man in his daily life and he need not be ashamed of it, so long as he keeps | well in mind the eternal necessity for variation. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Our military authorities wonder whether Mussolini intends to conduct his war far from the prying eves of professional observers from abroad. | Italy has at any rate not vet extended invitations to foreign armies to be rep- resented in East Africa. One explana- tion is that as Il Duce considers the hos- | t | utive secretarv of a new political body tilities merely a ‘“colonial campaign.” and therefore just an Italian family affair, he may feel that the established custom of giving alien officers ringside | seats need not be followed. The Umied States has two military attaches on embassy service in Rome—Col. Jerome G. Pillow and Capt. Francis M. Brady— but if this country is eventually per- mitted to send observers to Ethiopia. the ‘War Department will probably assign officers for that special duty. * x X X Outside of Rome and Milan, New York, with nearly 1000000 TItalian- born residents, is the biggest Italian aity in the world. They comprise the pulk of the round 1,800,000 Ttalians recorded p as living in the United States at the 1930 census. Several Italian daily news- papers, including an illustrated tabioid flourish within the shadow of the Statue of Liberty, and men of Mussolini’s race are prominent in all branches of metro- politan life. Not all of them are Fas- cists. The Italian vote is an influential, and in spots a decisive, factor in Greater New York, and politicians cater to it. It generally commands at least one seat in the House of Representatives. ® X% X X Woodrow Wilson made an amusing point out of Gotham’s vast Ttalian pop- ulation on a critical occasion at the Paris Peace Conference. The fate of Fiume was under discussion. Premier Orlando had been arguing that because of the ommipresence of Italians, their language and institutions in Fiume, Italy was plainly entitled to it as ome of the spoils of war. The American President smilingly observed that if Signor Oriando carried that argument too far Uncle Sam might have to part with Manhattan Island! R Americans who still favor the United States’ entry into the League of Ma- tions—they are by no means an extinct community—may revive that ill-starred project, provided Geneva gives an effec- tive account of itself in the Italo-Ethi- opian crisis. If it brings Musselini to terms, pro-Leaguers say the organiza- tion will have wiped out its record of futility at one blow. Taking their cue from the theory persistent at League headquarters, they argue that if the “Society of Nations” has given a pusil- lanimous account of itself for 15 years it is mainly due to the abstention of Uncle Sam. ok okox Postmaster General Farley, address- ing the Young Democratic Clubs of Ken- tucky on Saturday, gave President Roosevelt a nickname that may stick, and figure in the 1936 campaign. He dubbed F. D. R. “the smiling warrior. Mr. Roosevelt, in nominating Al Smith at Houston in 1928, christened the Gov- ernor “the happy warrior.” * X ¥ x Herbert Hoover is apparently deter- | | | Citizens’ | limit. dertake no campaign for delegates. he will be found in the Barkis class if the pational convention sufficiently urges him. e E. Ross Bartley, remembered in Wash- | ington as Vice President Dawes’ able adjutant, has just been appointed exec- at Chicago called the Illinois Republican Organization, consisting of leading business men. The main idea is to put some life into the Republican party in Illinois, promote unity among 1ts various factions and obtain the nom- ination of more creditable candidates than have represented the G. O. P. in some instances. After leaving Wash- ington in 1929, Mr. Bartley directed publicity for the Chicago Century of Progress. He received much of the credit for the glittering success of the big show. | * o ox % With no fewer than a dozen pieces of New Deal legislation facing review by the Supreme Court, the first session of th.t tribunal in its new marble temple on Capitol Hill—beginning today—will be one of the most vital in the court's history and of far-reaching effect upon national politics and the Pederal struc- | ture. Questions involving cotton con- trol, processing taxes, T. V. A, P. W. A, social security, national labor relations, the utility holding company law and the Guffey coel act figure in the wide vari- ety of cases upon which Chief Justice | Hughes and his colleagues will pass judgment. Among lawyers the betting is that the N. R. A. knockout will be followed by other blows in faver of horse-and-buggy days. (Copyright. 1935) —— Conduit Road Held Menace to Motorists To the Editor of The Star: I note with interest the excellent publicity your paper has lately given to the deplorable conditions of Defense Highway. I feel sure it will result in stepe to make that highway safer. I would like, however, to call your | attention to Conduit road, in Montgom- ery County. In the District this is a 90-foot highway with a 30-mile speed Upon reaching the State line it narrows to 15 feet and has a speed limit of 45 miles per hour. It is so curved that to follow it exactly without cutting across would virtually twist a car’s frame. This highway is heavily traveled, par- ticwarly in the Summer, when Glen Echo Park is open. It is not only unsafe and a menace to life and property, but is also a disgrace to the State of Maryland. CARL R. GREIMEL. ————— Ch. of Scene. From the Topeka Daily Capital. Red Grange jailed in Chicago for leav- ing scene of collision. The same tactics in his college days yielded touchdowns. A Rhyme at Twilight B Gertrude Bra:\kc Hamilton Her Majesty ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Injormaiion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How many enrollees left the C.C.C. forest camps this Summer because they had found jobs?—N. A. A. A total of 43,097 found acceptable employment during the months of June, July and August. Q. Please give some facts about the Pulaski Skyway.—D. M. A. The Pulaski Skyway is the most ex= pensive road in the world for its length, It was opened to traffic Thanksgiving, 1932. The part of it that is raised is 3 miles long and cost $21,000,000. The approaches cost an additional $19.000.- 000. This roadway is 50 feet in width and can easily accommodate five lanes of traffic. It is estimated that 20,000,000 motor vehicles use it annually. It passes over both the Hackensack and the Pas- saic Rivers and the New Jersey Meadows. Q. Why wasn't Boynton credited with swimming the English Channel?—D. S. A. Capt. Paul Boynton, an American, crossed the channel in an inflated rub- ber suit. This was on April 10, 1875. Boynton is not credited with swimming the Channel, as no effort on his part was 1equired in remaining afloat. Q. Has it ever been theoretically de- termined when is the most economical time to trade in an automobile, taking into consideration interest on invest- ment, cost to operate and maintain and the trade-in value?—W. H. S. A. The Automobile Manufacturers’ As« sociation says that while the subject of the most economical time for trading in an automobile has received a great deal | of attention, particularly from the oper- | ators of motor vehicle fleets (tax auto livery, rent-a-car and other com panies which own and operate a great many vehicles), as far as it knows, these studies have not resulted in arriving at | any universally accepted fig for the age which motor vehicles should be dis posed of. This is probably due to th | fact that so many of the factors entering | the earth’s lan ce?—J. A. The Grand Canyon of the Colo- rado, which is a deep. | Q. How man roads has Et A. There is only one railroad in the whole country—from Jibuti. in French Somaliland, to the capital, Addis Ababe ‘There are scarcely 200 miles of roads in the country. Q. What is the official record yield cf potatoes in this country?—G. B. A. The Bureau of Plant Industry say | that the record was made in 1933 2* | Stockton, Calif., by the Zuckerm brothers, with a yield of 1,155.8 bu: per acre. Q. When was the hammaock first used’ ~J.R. H. A. The hammock and its name were introduced by Columbus, who learnec of them from American Indians. Q. How many newspapers are pub- lished in Russia?—P. H. R. A. The Soviet Union publishes 5.400 newspapers, with an approximate circu- lation of 38,000,000. Q. How extensive is the use of blood tests to determine paternity?—C. T. W A. In Europe blood grouping tests havc been applied in cases of disputed ma- ternity since 1924. As early as 1929 Schiff compiled statistics on more than 5.000 proceedings in which the tests had been used. In the United States. unti recently, the method had been applied only in a few cases. In March, 1935, laws were enacted in New York State by which the courts were empowered to order the parties involved in paternity proceedings to submit to blood grouping tests. Similar bills have already been introduced in the Legislatures of several other States. 4 Q. Why is the of Missions>—R. A. Pope Pius XI has earned this title by reason of his great efforts on behalf of missions. The Catholic population in mission territory (excluding Australa- sia) is 16,617.670. In the year 1932-3 | there were 404744 conversions. The number of priests. brothers and nuns at | work in the mission field is 61,859, Pope called the Pope . Q. What is a paddlefish?>—A. P. A. A large, scaleless, fresh-water fish of the Mississippi Valley. characterized | by a prolongation of the bony carapace of the head into a long, flattened, pad- dle-shaped snout. with which the fish turns over the mud and gravel of stream beds in its search for food. Specimens sometimes exceed 6 feet in length and weigh over 150 pounds. The greenish black roe is sometimes sold as caviar. Q. How many detective stories were | written by the late Edgar Wallace? | =M. N. A. He was the author of more than 150 extremely popular novels, of which | as many as 5,000,000 were sold in a year. Q. What is Nemacolin's Path?—G. S. A. This is an Indian trail between the | Potomac and Monongahela Rivers, going from the site of the present Cumberland, Md. to_the mouth of Redstone Creck (where Brownsville, Pa., now stands). It | was blazed and cleared in 1749 or 1750 by the Delaware chief, Nemacolin. and the Maryland frontiersman, Thomas | Cresap. Though it had previously been used by traders, the path was of great military importance as the route of Washington's first expedition and of Braddock’s expedition in the French and Indian Wars. Q. Is it true that Giovanni Papini, who wrote “The Life of Christ,” was once an agnostic?>—F. R. A. After a life of unbelief Papini em- braced Catholicism and shortly after- ward published his “Life of Christ.” Q. In what year did the late Senator Bronson Cutting go to New Mexico? —E. H. A. He went to New Mexico in 1910 for his health. & Q. Is fasting peculiar to any one re- ligion?—A. R. A. It has been found from early times in many religions and among peoples widely scattered over all the world. Q. What is meant by saying that “an airplane taxis"?—D. J. A. To.taxi is to run an airplane over the ground or a seaplane on the water.