Evening Star Newspaper, March 21, 1935, Page 4

A—4 s FRANCE DEMANDS TRIAL OF GERMANY Special Council Session Is Asked—Rome, Paris Protests Foiled. (Continued From First Page.) the peace of Europe, the French gov- ernment desires to reaffirm with its respective treaties its firm resolution not to accept in any negotiations which may be made, a state of uni- lateral decision taken in violation of the international engagements.” The French decided that they must adopt a strong attitude toward Peichs- fuehrer iitler after the British “mild- ness” of protest. French Startled. Germany's refusal to listen to Paris' protest—and its similar action in re- gard to the Italian note—startled the French government, which was on the point of publishing its note when the embassy in Berlin reported that Germany had asked France to delay its publication until tonight. The French note to the League of Nations pointed out that Germany still was a member of the Geneva body and asked its Council to investi- gate Germany's rearmament, indi- cating that France considered Ger- many herself had proved violations of the Versailles treaty by her an- nouncement of army conscription and the institution of an air force. As Premier Pierre-Etienne Flandin directed the history-making moves his hand was strengthened by a 263- to-21 vote of confidence in the Senate. Reich Program Attacked. The vote of approval was recorded after Flandin delivered a vigorous at- tack on the German program and enunciated a policy designed to “make sure of national defenses and at the same time carry on for general dis- armament.” This would show the world, he said, France is united when “the preserva- | tion of world peace is at stake.” | France’s move to cite Germany be- | fore the League of Nations as & vio- | lator of the Versailles treaty, it was | understood, is to be made on the| grounds the Reich’s unilateral abroga- | tion of the treaty’s military clauses constitutes a challenge to the law of | nations. APPEAL MADE TO LEAGUE. Immediate Inquiry Into Rgich Arms| Asked. | | second Woodrow Wilson administra- THE EVENING Compafative Army Budgets Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. CURRENT DEFENSE BUDGET OF LEADING POWERS POPULATION = GjMANY ($7.30) — PER CAPITA OF ® & @ UNITED STATES ($6.30 JAPAN 1TALY . ($4.60) ) (8540, B GQE:\T BRITAIN (£12.50) Chart based on the newest curre; nations. France leads the powers in lowed, in order, by Great Britain, Germany, the United States, Italy and Japan. Japan, despite record 1935 appropriations, foots the list due to de- preciation of the yen and thick population. Views of U. Colby Sees Eastern Europe Periled by Reich. Arms. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, March 21—Bain- bridge Colby, Secretary of State in the believes the answer to Ger- many's rearma- ment lies not in Western Europe, | but to the east of the Reich. ‘The noted law- yer, in a state- ment to the As- soclated Press on Adolf Hitler'’s re- armament pro- | gram, attaches some blame to the allied powers tion, ) ’ FRANCE (¢19.00) - nt military figures of the six leading per capita military expenditure, fol- S. Statesmen Kellogg Feels Sure War Won’t Come to Europe. BY FRANK B. KELLOGG. (Written for the Associated Press.) PASADENA, Calif, March 21.—Of | course, breaking treaties rather than swords is not the best way to maintain peace. Nevertheless, there is not going to be any war In Europe. They haven't forgotten the last | one yet. I don't believe the nations of Eu- rope are entirely free from blame in this situation. In the Versailles treaty they pledged them- STAR, PROTEST T00 LATE, GOEBBELS STATES Arms Objection of France Tardy by Two Years, He Declares. . By the Associated Press. BERLIN, March 321.—France's “paper protest” of German rearma- ment was described today by Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels, minister of propa- ganda, as coming just about two years too late to command serious consid- eration from the Reich. “Nobody knows better what paper protests amount to than we,” Goebbels said, emphasizing he spoke for him- self alone and not for the government. Protested for 15 Years. “For 15 years we have been used to i protesting about the failure of other nations to live up to their disarma- ment obligations and about violations of German minority rights. “Two years ago we should probably have listened to France's protest. Today it is too late.” The propaganda minister, while speaking of the possibilities of German participation in an Eastern security pact, gave voice once more to the Reich’s conviction that restoration of her military power has regained for her equality of prestige in the family of nations. The foreign office, it was learned on highest authority, regards France’s as intended solely for home consump- tion. ‘Wilhelmstrasse officials, generally, looked upon the Geneva appeal as of little moment, dismissing it with the terse comment, “it will be so easy to answer any arguments against Ger- many’s step.” France’s move to place Germany in the role of a defendant before the League was viewed as poor psychology in light of what is interpreted here to be her desire to persuade the Reich to return to Geneva. 'RUSSIANS SUPPORT APPEAL TO LEAGUE | French Decision Is Believed in Line With Contention for United Front. . (Copyright, 1935, by the Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, move to refer the question of German, rearmament to the League of Nations | D. C., THURSDAY MARCH 21, 1935. Old Church Destroyed in Pittsburgh FLYNN DEFENDS WARTAANG LA | Economist Tells Munitions Probers Cutting Rich Incomes Effect. By the Associated Press. | $100,000 & year to $10,000 in time of |war was described to the Senate Munitions Committee today by John T. Flynn, economist, as “not a serious” matter. Cutting & rich man’s income from | General view of the ruins of old St. Patrick’s Church, home church of Rev. Father James Cox, friend of the unemployed, which was destroyed by fire today. The priest placed the total damage at $200,000.—A. P. Photo. FRANCE REPORTED MOVING ITS ARMY TOWARD RHINELAND (Continued From First Page) conflagration than the capitalistic na- tions. A formal offensive-defensive military alliance with France is ex- pected to be concluded before the end of the month. But even without that, there exists already ‘an understanding between the general staffs of the two countries which provides for an inti- mate co-operation between the French and the Soviet forces. Austria, at the bidding of her pro- | tectors, the Prench and the’ Italians, | is preparing to increase her forces and | the opposition which existed in the | past from the nations of the Little Entente against Austria’s rearmament has disappeared. “This dislocation would not be serious,” the writer-economist adviser to the committee said. “It might be serious to a man used to a large retinue of servants, but would not affect the | Only scanty reports have arrived | from Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Ru- | mania. It is known, however, that Bulgaria and Yugoslavia have in- creased the peace strength of their armies since the troubles in Greece, DENTTS 10 NEE HEREAGAN N % Five-State Clinic Closes Convention—Dr. G. W. Clapp Speaks. The Five-State Postgraduate Dental Clinic will meet in Washington again next year, with dentists from all East- ern States invited to attend. Delegates from Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and the Dis- trict closed their 1935 sessions yes- terday at Wardman Park Hotel and voted to return here for the 1936 convention. The final day was taken up with exhibits from various governmental agencies, demonstrating types of tridge, crown and plate work. RUSSIAN PROPOSAL HEARING 1S SECRET House Group Votes to Dis- cuss Recognition With- drawal Next Week, By the Associated Press. Behind closed doors the House For- eign Affairs Committee yesterday heard Ambassador William Bullitt talk about conditions in Russia and then voted to hold secret hearings next week on a preposal to withdraw American recognition from the Soviet Union. The committee acted after Secre- tary of State Hull had expressed op- position to an identical proposal pending in the Senate. In a letter to Chairman Pittman of the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee the Secretary said it was the President’s prerogative to withdraw recognition and that Congress should keep hands off. What Bullitt said the House com- mitteemen would not disclose. But his remarks were sufficient to cause the heated and extended debate over a resolution by Representative Tink- ham, Republican, of Massachusetts, which would express it as the “sense” of Congress that recognition should be withdrawn from Russia. The committee first agreed to hold hearings on Tinkham's resolution. Then, to end a stalemate, Tinkham, himself a visitor to Russia last Sum- mer, moved that the hearings be open. The Democrats objected. One made a substitute motion that the hearings be secret, with the understanding that part of the testimony be made public later. There was a roll-call vote. The 14 Democrats lined up behind the secret session proposal and the four Repub- licans present voted the other way. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WORK TO COST MORE The limit of cost on the Library of Congress Annex would be increased from $6,500,000 to $8,000,000 by a | bill introduced yesterday by Senator Barkley, Democrat, of Kentucky. An increase in building costs since the structure was authorized in 1930 and a change in the plans calling for marble instead of limestone makes the increase necessary, Senator Barkley said. The foundation is nearing comple- tion and Architect of the Capitol Lynn expects to award a contract next month for the superstructure. The (€opyright. 1935. by the Assoclated Press.) ‘ of the war. Pact Compliance GENEVA, March 21.—France to- day officially pronounced Germany's | Lacking. ““The covenants Dr. George W. Clapp yesterday told | A0nex is to be east of the main the dentlsts soclalized dentistry will | DUlding. not work in this country, saying the | bureaucratic cost of the plan is pro- hibitive, and suggested a four-point selves to disarm. If any of them have done so, domot recall which and when. MOSCOW, March 21.—Foreign | quarters in Moscow said today they | believed the full support of the Soviets would be given the French in the rais- ing of the German armaments ques- great movement involved in the wnr."y and the men summoned to the colors War-Tax Plan Described. | have not been sent back to their This assertion followed his descrip- NOmes yet. Bainbridge Colby. tion to the committee of a war-taxing | _ Increased military activities are re- decision to rearm as a potential threat to international peace, asking the Frank B. Kelloss. ported from Budepest, Bucharest and League of Nations Council to make an immediate examination of the German situation. The French government appealed | to the League of Nations asking it | to take action under article 11 of the League covenant which gives members the right to raise questions “gffecting international relations which thQreaten to disturb the peace.” The League of Nations faces the gravest crisis in its history, in the opinion of many observers, as a result of France's appeal against Germany's rearmament declaration. As the French communication asked that an extraordinary session of the council be convened, J. A. C. Avenol, secretary general of the League, immediately consulted mem- bers of the council by telephone con- cerning the date on which the body should meet. | Generally it was believed the ses- | sion would not be held until early April. Some interested powers said they would prefer to have it take place after the tri-power meeting, which representatives of Great Britain France and Italy are expected to a tend after Capt. Anthony Eden, Brit- ish lord privy seal, returns from his Moscow visit. Geneva feared additional compli- cations may eventuate should Ger- man troops enter the demilitarized Rhineland zone. This would immedi- undertaken by the allied powers to reduce their armaments,” he said, “have also been marked by something very different from strict compliance.” “I do not think the situation ine volves a war menace to Western Europe,” the former Secretary said. “But as to Russia, one cannot be so | sure. | “Japan is crowding Russia in the Far East and recent voicings of Germany's policy have indicated that the expansion, of which her. states- men are dreaming, is toward the East and not the West. “It is in Russia, I Believe, that the clue will be found to the sensational developments of the past few days.” The decision of Germany to re- arm, Colby said, “has brought about a situation full of grave potentialities. Caution and restraint should be ob- served in all discussion of it. It is a good time to observe the admonition of Benjamin Franklin—to say noth- ing unless it is useful.” Non-Entanglement Urged. As to the course which the United States should pursue with relation to the developments, Colby said: “I think there is but one thought throughout the country. “Careful abstention from all in- volvement in the situation is the duty and interest of America. We should refrain from any participation in it, even from its official discussion, | at least to an extent or in a manner | ately bring into play the Locarno treaty, of which Italy and England | are guarantors. BRITISH STARTLED. ‘| New Crisis Held Likely Before Sim i Sees Hitler. (Copyright, 1035, by the Associated Press.) LONDON, March 21.—Germany's | rejection of the French and Italian | protests against her rearmament was regarded today in unofficial but in- formed circles as an unexpected jolt which may cause another crisis be- fore Sir John Simon, foreign secre- tary, and Reichsfuehrer Hitler meet in Berlin for their once-postponed conversations. Government officials, having re- celved nothing but unofficial word of the’German rebuff to the French and Italian Ambassadors, were startled but withheld comment until | the receipt of official advices. Naval matters, in which Great Britain has a traditionally vital in- terest, will be included in the scope of the Berlin conversations between Sl;dduhn and Hitler, informed circles said. It was understood Sir John has intimated through the British Em- bassy in Berlin his desire to learn the full extent of German conscrip- tion plans for all services including the navy. If time permits, it is also expected the conferees will go into other phases of the naval question, such as the fu- ture size nf the Reich’s fleet. Such information, the British belleve, willl be most useful for later consideration of general naval armaments in con- sultation with other European powers. In the House of Commons, George Lansbury, the Labor leader, an- nounced he would speak on the Anglo- German situation during formal de- bate on European affairs. Sir John was expected to reply in behalf of the government. France's strong protest to Berlin was under study by government and diplomatic circles, which professed not to be surprised by its vigorous tenor. ITALY READY FOR WAR. Official Informs Deputies of Pre- paredness, (Copyright, 1035, by the Associated Press.) ROME, March 21.—Federico Bai- strocchi, undersecretary of war, speak- ing in the presence of Premier Mus- solini before a tense Chamber of Dep- uties, declared today Italy would keep its present military class ynder arms, there would be no reduction in the Italian conscription terms, and Italy was ready for “s war of movement.” The deputies, fully aware that only & short time earlier Germany had refused to entertain an Italian pro- test against rearmament, leaped to their feet and shouted: “Viva II Duce! Viva l'ecercitol” (Long live Mussolini! Long live the army!) Baistrocchi indica that other that could give rise to confusion as to | our entire aloofness from the situa- tion or any train of incidents that | may form a part of it.” Danger in Armaments. tion in the League of Nations. The great danger to the peace of the world is contained in the building of | armaments, both land and naval. | Of course, that is no excuse for Ger- | many to violate her treaty agreements, | but there is some truth in Hitler's | statements, if I read them correctly, | that the other nations agreed to reduce | armaments, and none of them have done so. I know the American Government has consistently advocated the reduc- | tion of armaments and has done so itself. For. four years, when I was Secretary of State, I did all I could to facilitate this movement. There is not going to be any war, and certainly we are not going to be ! in any that do appear later in Europe. | It would be perfectly proper for the State Department to make representa- tions to Germany, along with those of other powers. | Apparently, the same old alliances are building up again in Europe. Their ultimate outcome will be the same as before. I never knew in the history of the world a time when a military alliance kept the peace. They have enlarged the theater of destruction more than any one thing. That idea is worn out. It never produced peace. I am sure our State Department, recognizing this, will take the proper course in determning offi- cial American attitude. Statesmen frequently do things like | Hitler has done for home consumption. His action is not, in itself, significant. As a part of the whole picture in Eu- rope, it is significant. 3 HURT IN PLANE CRASH Broker, Wife and Daughter In- jured at Airport. NEW ORLEANS, March 21 (#).— Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Fenner and their daughter, Miss Laura Fenner, who was queen of carnival here in 1934, were injured last night when their plane crashed at Shushan Alrport. Miss Fenner, popular debutante of last year, who recently began taking lessons as a fiyer, was in Charity Hospital in an undetermined condi- tion, possibly seriously hurt. Her father, senior partner in the of Fenner & Beane, stock and tton brokers, suffered a broken right arm and lacerations of the nose. John Minard, friend of the family, who was piloting his own plane, escaped injury. divisions are to be mobilized when he spoke of the mobilization “for the present of two divisions and the im- mediate constitution of other units destined to substitute for them and | eventually to be mobilized also.” The Itallan government “cannot | accept a situation determined by a unilateral decision annuling obliga- tions of an international character,” Italy informed Germany in her note protesting the Reich’s rearmament program. The note says the Reich’s decision is “particularly serious because of the state of uncertainty which it excites in all countries.” Version of Presentation, A government spokesman said the exact- version of the presentation of the Italien note at Berlin follows: Ambassador Cerrutti was received by Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath and presented the note. Von Neurath received the note most courteously. He did not turn it down or refuse to receive if. Having re- ceived it, he then reaffirmed the Ger- man point of view. His reafirmation was that it was not Germany who had violated the Versailles treaty. He said it was the allles who had vio- lated it by not disarming as they had promised to do under the treaty. Not Rejection. “Certainly this does not constitute rejection of the Italian note,” said the spokesman. “The note has been accepted and the protest has been made. There is nothing extraordinary in the fact that Germany should have again repeated her argument.” The spokesman said the same cir- cumstances of presentation of the Italian note hold good for the presen- tation of the French note and that therefore both nqfgs have been accepted. Speaker CORRESPONDENT WILL DIS- CUSS MUNITIONS. MISS CONSTANCE DREXEL, American correspondent accredited to the League of Nations, who will be & member of the panel that will discuss “How Shall We Control Munitions?” at an open luncheon meeting to be held under auspices of the District League of Women Voters® Saturday at 1:15 p.m. at the Lafayette Hotel. Others on the panel will be William T. Stone, vice president of the Foreign Pol- icy Association, and Senator James P. Pope of Idaho, member of the Senate Forelgn Relations Commit- tee and Munitions Investigation Committee. FLYING CLUBS TO MEET College Group Activities’ Increase Object of Conference. Representatives of college and uni- versity flying clubs will gather in ‘Washington April 2 and 3 for an organization conference under aus- pices of the National Aeronsutic As- sociation in an effort to increase col- lege flying activities in all parts of the country. Invitations have been sent to 150 colleges to send representatives and a number of acceptances have been received from ducational institutions The decision of the French cabinet to appeal to Geneva was received in Moscow with great satisfaction as fit- ting in with the Soviet contention that a united front is necessary to deal with the situation resulting from Reichsfuehrer Hitler's creation of a conscript army. The Soviet government has been officially advised that Plerre Laval, French foreign minister, is coming to Moscow and has extended its invita- tion to him, although the date for his visit has not yet been fixed. It was reported here that Laval first will go to Stresa, Piedmont, Italy, where a conference with Sir John and Premier Mussolini of Italy is un derstood to be planned. SAITO SEES PEACE DESPITE BIG ARMS Japanese Envoy Believes No Great Nations Want ‘War. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, March 21.—Despite heavily increased armaments among nations and still unsolved interna- tional problems, Ambassador Hirosi Saito of Japan last night predicted an era of peace among the great powers of the world. “I am not alarmed by the frequent reports of danger,” he told an au- dience at the annual dinner of the Japan Soclety of New York. “I can see mnone that is serious on any frontier, either across the Atlantic or across the Pacific, and certainly there is none on the North American con- tinent. I can see in the policy of no making & great war.” Some of the problems that “are daily taxing the statesmanship of Europe, Africa, America and Asia” may result m bloodshed, he said. “But that does not mean that a great war will again take place,” the Ambassador hastened to add. “That essary ablation that occurs in the general process of settling down. Many of these problems can be com- posed—some of them are now being composed—by peaceful means.” He professed to see in widespread “realization of the futility of war” and a growing “prevalence of justice in international problems” two forces “that make for the gradual shifting of man’s mentality in favor of peace.” Simon, the British foreign secretary, | will only be an incidental and nec- | plan by which he proposed to trim | profits and salaries virtually to a maximum of $10,000 a year instead of the several millions he said were | accumulated by some industrialists | in the World War. Senator Vandenberg. Republican, of | Michigan lauded his sweeping plan for paying for the war “as you fight” as the “first real effort to change the | entire war psychology, so that no one | in the war. | Describing the Flynn plan, Van- denberg declared: | " “It is proposed to strike at the eco- nomic heart of the war problem by the simple, fundamental device of | requiring that no future war shall be fought on borrowed mon but shall | be paid for substantially by current taxes. Sinister Inflation. on borrowed money which primarily creates the sinister inflation out of which grows, first, the opportunity | for swollen profits: second, the eco- nomic dislocation of the war era, and third, the post-war calamity of de- flation.” “I subscribe. to every syllable of that,” the economist said, leaning back in his chair. Members of the committee appeared heartened by President Roosevelt's statement yesterday that he felt his views paralleled the committee’s in i a desire to take the profit out of war. |CAR LOADING NEEDS INCREASE REPORTED Chemicals and Explosives Seen Requiring 100 Per Cent More Facilities This Year. By the Associated Press. ing requirements in the second quar- great natfon a desire or intention of | ter of 1935 for chemicals and ex-| | plosives will be 100 per cent above those of the corresponding period of 1934, W. E. Callahan, secretary of the Ohio Valley Transportation Advisory Board, estimated yesterday. Shippers of 29 commodities sub- mitted estimates of their needs. An average net gain of 4.8 per cent indicated by reports from Ohio, Ken- ‘tupdw, Indiana and West Virginia, he said. Callahan, district manager of the American Railway Assoclation, smid 1,090 cars were required for chemicals and explosives in April, May and June, 1934. Coal and coke shippers will require 6 per cent more cars, esti- mating their current needs at 32,215 cars, he added. ADVERTISENENTS B arlf Rec ment. tion of The Star with Leave your cop; Section at any o Branch Offices—there’s in the East, Middle Atlantic States, Far West and South. Plans will be made for a natl intercollegiate- flying meet in J locate it by the above sign. There are no fees for Star Braen(f.h Office EIVED HERE Bryan, Stationer—2912 14th St. N.W. Is an Authorized Star Branch Office 'S are not difficult to supply if you’ll make use of a Star Classified Advertise- Just about everybody in and around Washington reads the Classified Sec- utmost regularity—on the lookout for opportunities. That’s why Star Classified Advertisements DO Bring Results for The Star Classified the several authorized one near you. You can service; only regular rates are may escape the knowledge that he l.u] “It is the process of making war | CINCINNATI, March 21.—Car load- | over requirements of last year was! Prague. Edouard Benes, foreign minister of | Czechoslovakia, and Nicholas Tituesco, | Rumanian foreign secretary, both ar- | dent advocates of the maintenance of the status quo as provided by the peace treaties and strong supporters of | France, are reported to be pleased | with the show of strength of the French government and intend to | maintain the solidarity of the Little Entente at any cost. Their policies might nave been jeopardized if France had shown weakness towards Ger- | many. The determination of the | Flandin government gives them an- | other chance to march hand in hand | with the French. | The principal mainstay of peace | now seems to be Great Britain. Ac-| cording to reports from London, the | British public has again reverted to | the “insular” .dea. That is to say,| Great Britain would not mind, even | in the face of Germany's aggressive mood, graating Germany what she | already has—a powerful army ard a | still more powerful air force—if peace could be preserved in Europe. The British public has no enthusiasm for another war. Ramsay MacDoneld and Sir John Simon believe that if a‘clash can be| averted now, some peace formula might be developed in the near future, | | | Control. Burners. Colors. Efficient. PRICED AS LOW AS " LESS Old Stove Allowance plan based on educational lines as an alternative. “We are working diligently to de- vise a substitute for insurance den- tistry, which we believe in every way to be more beneficial to the public than any plan of socialized dentistry,” Dr. Clapp said. “It would be available to every member of the family.” —e Social to Be Given. DAMASCUS, Md., March 21 (8pe- cial).—A “hobo social” will be given in the Damascus Methodist Episcopal Church hall tomorrow night under auspices of the Junior Epworth League. even at the price of permitting Ger- many to expand territorially at the expense of the Soviets. Officially, the British government believes that the granting to Germany g { of the right to rearm might revive the limitation of arms conference. The British are further encouraged in this view by the attitude of the American Government as expressed yesterday by President Roosevelt at a press conference, when the President did not appear to believe that all hope for the resumption of such a confer- ence should be given up. Fully Insulated Oven. New Type Simmering New Smokeless Broiler. 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