Evening Star Newspaper, December 25, 1934, Page 2

A-2 w ROOSEVELTS HAVE OLDEN CHRISTMAS Grandchildren Rise With Dawn and Bound Into President’s Room. BY J. RUSSELL YOUNG. Four generations of Roosevelts, led by the President, today observed an old-fashioned Christmas at the White House. Although it was past midnight when Mr. Roosevelt retired, he was awak- ened early today. It was barely light outside when his three young grand- children bounded into his bed room, shouting a gleeful merry Christmas, and got their stockings which had been hung alongside those of the President and the other grown-ups of the family above the fireplace in his bed room. Upon the heels of the youngsters came Mrs. Roosevelt and Mrs. Sara Delano Roosevelt, the 80-year-oid mother of the President, and other | members of the family. The children ‘were soon absorbed in examining what the stockings contained in the form of “goodies” and little toys. After a short time the children were taken to the family Christmas tree at the east end of the wide hall- way on the second floor and were given their other presents. Attend Church Services. Soon after breakfast the President, with Mrs. Roosevelt and others of the family, went to St. Thomas Episcopal Church and attended special Christ- mas services, after which the family motored back to the White House. After a 1 o'clock luncheon the fam- ily were to resume opening many Christmas presents which have come to the White House, not only from relatives and intimate friends, but from admirers all over the country. The day will draw to an end with the Christmas dinner at 7:45 pm. to be featured by a 40-pound turkey gth all the trimmings. Besides the members of the household, there will be half a dozen or so relatives of the family, but no outsiders around the table. Just what gifts the President and Mrs. Roosevelt gave each other was not made known, but it is under- stood that among the things that Mrs. Roosevelt gave to her husband were half a dozen neckties which, ac- cording to her, “are just the kind Franklin likes.” The presents ex- changed were not expensive ones. Toys Varied. ‘The grandchildren received all sorts of toys and interesting things. They had been busy for some time writing notes to Santa Claus. Dolls predomi- nated in the list scribbled off by “Sistie” Dall, 6-year-old daughter of Mrs. Anna Roosegelt Dall. “Sistle” and “Buzzie” also asked for musical instruments. Little 3-year-old Sara Roosevelt, the only child of James Roosevelt, wanted dolls and doll things. With the exception of Elliott Roose- velt, who is visiting in Texas with his wife and infant daughter, all the members of the immediate family were on hand today. The White House seems to have caught the spirit of the occasion. ‘Throughout the house there are Yule decorations. Besides the family tree on the vecond floor there is a huge spruce at the South end of the East Room, for public inspection. It is trimmed with white electric lights and a star at_its top and icicles hanging from the sprays. Outside on the front portico there are four other trimmed trees. A pretty Yuletide welcome greets one as he looks upon the doorway at the huge holly and laurel wreath, tied with a broad, red satin ribbon and centered by an electrically lighted candle. Within the main lobby there are small evergreen trees, pots of poinsettia, sprays of holly and other evidences of Christmas, On the sidewalls are hung large holly and laurel wreaths. And from the chandelier is hung a large spray of mistletoe with lots of white berries upon it. Reads to Family. Following the custom of many Yyears, the President last night observed Christmas eve by gathering the mem- bers of the family about him in his cozy study on the second floor and reading aloud Charles Dickens' “A Christmas Carol.” A little later the family adjourned to the east room and enjoyed a program of Christmas carols by the male chorus of the In- terstate Commerce Commission, under the direction of Commissioner Clyde Aitchison. Friday afternoon there will be a large children’s party for the grand- children, for which Mrs. Roosevelt has arranged all sorts of fun and en- tertainment. Saturday evening there will be a dance for the younger set. Franklin, jr, and John, who are home from Harvard University, have invited more than a score of their Harvard friends. On New Year eve the White House will be the scene of another party for the younger set, and this will be followed by a dance while the New Year is being ushered in. The President and Mrs. Roosevelt will follow the custom adopted by them last year, when the New Year day reception was abandoned. SANTA VISITS CHILD JAILED WITH MOTHER Parent Charged With Forging Check to Buy Shoes for Baby, but St. Nick Remembers. By the Assoclated Press. EL PASO, Tex., December 25.—She hugged her dolls with chubby arms today and didn't seem to see the jail bars. But they were there. The mother clutched them as she watched the tiny tot. Lucille Cook—she’s 4—smiled at her dolls and thanked Santa Claus. She knew he would come to see her, even in the El Paso County Jail. The mother, Lucille Cook, forced smiles when the tot shouted her de- light. Why was she there? Christ- mas was only a day off and her baby needed shoes—badly. Officers charged she forged a check to get them. They placed her in jail on Christmas eve. The baby came along too, but Santa Claus found her new address. Perhaps he asked kindly officers of the sheriff’s department to fill her stocking. And maybe they did. Cuban Ambassador to Sail. HAVANA, December 25 (#).—The Cuban department of state yesterday announced receipt of a cable from Guillermo Patterson y de Jaaregui, Cuban Minister in London, saying he would seil for New York January 15 to take up his duties as Cuban Am- bassador to Washington, succeeding the late Manuel Marques Sterl'ng. What’s What Behind News In Capital Peace on Earth Note Weak as Nations Ob- serve Christmar. BY PAUL MALLON. HE Christmas eve bells did not seem to have the same ring in ‘Washington this year. Diplo- matic interference is in the air, The message of peace on earth is rasged by international static. The good-will-toward-men part of it has been lost in the din of news about navies, naval bases, eliminating war profits, storing tin, and, most impor- tant, the terrific detonation of the London naval conversations. You can get a hint of how serious all this static is from the fact that the most responsible authority here has twice cautioned newsmen within the last three weeks to avoid belligerent talk. He has also mourned the intem- perate language of certain Congress- men. You can have one guess who he is. That does not mean war is near. It simply means that the powder barrels of the world are being filled and the time has come for everyone to stop throwing verbal matches around. ‘The best slant on the situation is what happened at London. The statesmen tried to ring down an as- bestos curtain at the end of the con- ference. It was so full of holes that any one could see through it. Final Note Is Flat. The final communique required 340 words to assert that the conference had “served a useful purpose.” Any one who has covered international conferences knows this is the inade- quate phrase always used at Geneva and elsewhere to cover up a complete failure. ‘The one accomplishment of the con- ference was not mentioned in the communique. Only the diplomats know about it. It was the diplomatic victory achieved by our delegate, Nor- man Davis. Both Japan and Britain tried to get us to agree to set a date for resump- tion of conversations, preferably next Spring. Davis cabled the State De- partment here for instructions. He was told on no account to commit this country to participate in any further conversations if Japan in- sisted on renouncing the naval treaty. Had Difficult Time. Mr. Davis had a hard time to avoid setting a date. A few hours before the communique was issued, the Jap- anese diplomat, Matsudaira, called on Davis and said he had been instructed by Tokio to insist upon a date. Of course, the Japanese did not want the responsibility for killing the confer- ence. Their diplomatic game was to ease out of it on tiptoe. Davis de- clined to sign the communique if it mentioned a date. They compromised on the in- mocuous “hope” that “the situation will so develop as to justify a sub- sequent meeting as soon as the opportune moment arrives.” Every=- body hopes that. But every- body knows the opportune moment will come when Japan shows more consideration for the treaty. ‘The secret of these tactics was to let the Japanese know the United States is in effect withdrawing from conversations in protest against the Japanese position. We let them know weeks ago that if they denounced the Washington naval treaty we would walk out of the conference, We did, in the best diplomatic style. 4 British Still Listening. In order to prevent any appearance of a breakdown, the British are ccn- tinuing to listen to the Japanese. This may seem, off-hand, to be a rather hard-boiled attitude on our part, but it is probably essential. The ‘Washington naval treaty cost us 34 vessels. If the Japanese insist on scrapping it, we can maintain the five-to-three ratio, without the treaty, by simply building ships. To accede to the Japanese position now would be to handcuff ourselves. Herr Hitler privately sent word to one of our eminent diplomats in Europe recently that he would agree to the American plan for control of international armaments if we get the other big powers to do so. The “if” should be in capital letters. Mussolini has said about the same thing to us privately. There is a difference about what they say in private and do in public. You need not expect an agreement.. The New Deal diplomats received a confidential report from one of their best European observers a few days ago stating that, while disarmament is dead, the political outlook (Franco- German, Franco-Italian) is more promising than it has been. (Copyright. 1934.) R CROSSING PERIL TO END Overhead Bridge to Be Erected at Gaylord, Va. Special Dispatch to The Star. WINCHESTER, Va., December 25.— Senator H. F. Byrd has been assured by Henry G. Shirley, State highway commissioner, that an overhead bridge will be erected by next Spring at the railway crossing at Gaylord, Clarke County where an elderly Phila- delphia couple met death Thanksgiv- ing day. School Benefit Arranged. GAITHERSBURG, Md. December 25 (Special). —With William Boland as chairman of the Committee on Ar- rangements, a dance will be sponsored by the young people of Gaithersburg and vicinity in St. Martin’s Hall here tomorrow from 9 to 12 o'clock. Pro- ceeds are for the benefit of St. Mar- tin's Parochial School. Hurt in Misletoe Hunt. PARIS, Ky. (#).—Aylette Buckner, Bourbon County farmer, spent Christ- mas day in a hospital here. He suf- fered a broken arm and dislocated collarbone when he fell from a tree from which he was gathering mistle- toe. ; THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €., TUESDAY, -DECEMBER 25, 1934 LIBERAL RUMORED FOR GARNER'SJOB Speculation ‘Over Roose- velt’s 1936 Running Mate Stirs Capital. By the Assoclated Press. Although the next presidential elec- tion is almost two years away, specu- lation is stirring in the capital as to who will be Franklin D.- Roosevelt's running mate. All the Democrats, apparently, and most of the Republicans, take it for granted that the President will be re- nominated in 1936, K One of the factors to be decided is whether John N. Garner, the Vice President, will run again. In various quarters it has been reported that am- bition is stirring in the bosoms of pos- sible standard bearers. Wallace Mentioned, Among the New Deal liberal group, there have been whispers that both Secretaries Wallace and Ickes, former Republican independents from the Middle West, might be put forward by their friends. The name of Donald R. Richberg, director of the National Emergency Council, who also hails from the Mid- West, is being discussed, along with one Senator-elect, Edward R. Burke of Nebraska, and Senator Robert J. Bulkley of Ohlo. Burke gave the President the latter’s definition of the “New Deal.” From Indiana come reports that Gov. Paul V. McNutt would like to team up with Roosevelt, That a Mid-Westerner will be chosen, if Garner does not run, ap- Ppeared certain. Garner Is Silent. The discussion in the Capital about a new running mate for Mr. Roosevelt has resulted in part from Vice Presi- dent Garner’s silence on whether he will seek renomination. While Garner is non-committal, some ot his close friends claim he be- lieves the President should have the right to name his running mate. They, say Garner is willing to run again, if the President wants him, but that if his “boss” feels that it is better for the party ticket that he pick some one else, he is willing to retire, The selection will be made at the Democratic convention in June, 193¢, Gerner's friends want him to run again. They point to the co-operation the Texan has given the President in handligg legislation in the lasi Con- gress ¥nd the loyalty he has shown Mr. Roosevelt. That Mr. Roosevelt has called upen his Vice President for advice on many important matters is known by the cabinet and members of Congress. In a jocular mood, the President re- cently gave Mr. Garner the nickrame of “Mr. Commonsense” at a cabinet meeting. U. S. BARGE LINES INCLUDED IN PLAN Place for System Reported Re- served in Eastman's New Transportation Set-up. By the Associated Press. A place for the Government-owned barge lines is reported to have been reserved in the new transportation set-up being drawn by Joseph B. Eastman. Secretary Dern and Maj. Gen. T. Q. Ashburn, head of the Inland Water- ways Corp., have ufged Eastman, Federal co-ordinator of transpor- tation, to include the Federal sys- tem in the revised transportation plan. Officials, who declined to be quoted by name, said yesterday there was lit- tle doubt the barge lines would be a part of the unified and co-ordinated organization to control virtually all freight and passenger carriers which Eastman is expected to recommend to_Congress. Eastman has said that “public reg- ulation of all forms of transportation cannot be imposed for the benefit of the railroads, but must have regard for the interests of each and every form.” With the newly formed American Association of Railroads, headed by J. J. Pelley, former president of the New York, New Haven & Hartford, as the spearhead, the railroads may launch a driye at the waterways in the coming session of Congress. Both Dern and Ashburn have cited present regulation and protection of railroads by the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion as unfair to waterways. MEXICAN GUERILLA WAR REPORTED AFTER RAIDS Robbery of Police Stations for Ammunition Seen Part of Revolutionary Plans. By the Associated Press, NOGALES, Ariz, December 95— The Nogales Herald says rumors per- sist along the border that the raid on the police station at Navojoa, Senora, Mexico, early last Friday, in which three persons were reported killed, is the beginning of “progressive guerilla warfare ” which may spread to revo- lution proportions. There were numerous reports, all unconfirmed, of a plan afoot to con- tinue the raids on police stations of small towns until enough ammuni- tion and firearms equipment are re- ceived to permit those back of the raids to operate on a bigger scale, Much of the unrest, about which rumors were heard, is said to exist among the Indians in Southern S.- nora, but the alleged organized plan was not attributed to any particular group. —_— “SELF-DEFENSE” PLEAS SEND TWO TO JAIL Knife Weilders Fail to Impress Alexandria Judge Who Im- poses 3-Month Terms. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. ALEXANDRIA, Va., December 25.— To put & stop to claims of “self- defense” offered by colored partici- pants of Saturday night cutting scrapes, when hailed in court Monday mornings, Judge F. G. Duvall yester- day ‘presented Christmas presents of three months in jail to a pair of al- leged knife wielders. When Elizabeth Ford stated that she acted in “self-defense” after being cut by Ernest Dixon, and Dixon also claimed “self-defense” on the grounds that he was cut first by Elizabeth, he decided the practice had gone far § “You are both sentenced to three months in jail for “self-defense,” he nced. 1 Transoceanic Training Plane Here for Tests ‘The second of three giant Sikorsky ocean-going clipper ships arrived at the Anacostia Naval Air Station strations before Navy aviation official yesterday in preparaiion for demon- Is, starting tomorrow. The big ship, capable of carrying a useful load equivalent to 107 passengers, is fitted out as a training ship for transocean experimental flight operations. In the inset is Edwin A. Musick, chief pilot for Pan-American Air- ways, who flew the great flying boat to Washington from Bridgeport, Conn., and who probably will be at the con! gin. be the goals of the first trials, but t! trols when the transoceanic tests be- It has not been announced whether the Atlantic or the Pacific will his ship and her sisters are destined gk s some time in 1935 to undertake the first scheduled air transport service acyoss the Pacific Ocean, frcm California to Japan and China. So large is the ship that it could not be moved into the hangars at the air station, but was tied down on the concrete apron outside as shown. During the securing of the ship Co., Brooklyn, N. E. D. Barry of the Sperry Instrument who came here with the plane, slipped from the wing and fell to the apron, fracturing his right leg. He was taken to Emergency Hospital after first-aid treatment at spected yesterday by Rear Admiral Ernest J. King, chief of the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics, and other officials. Wirephoto Service Will Justify Heroic Efforts of Cameramen No Longer Will Their “Scoops” Be De- layed and Outmoded by News When Speedy Transmission Starts. When The Evening Star, on Janu- ary 1, inaugurates in Washington the wirephoto service of the Associated Press, it will be one of the turning points in the history of journalism. The illustrated newspaper is largely a product of the past 35 years. Through most of the last century, daily papers contained no pictures at all. In the first place, transmission was 50 slow that they would have lost their news value before they could be printed. In the second place, the process was difficult and expensive. Thus we find that Civil, and even Spanish, war pictures were confined largely to the weekly and monthly publications. But since then efforts to bring the delivery of news pictures abreast of the news itself have been intensified steadily and have been re- sponsible for some of the most thrilling chapters in the history of modern Jjournalism. First “Beat” in 1897, ‘The first big picture “beat” of this era was in 1897 when a special train was chartered to carry pictures of the Corbett-Fitzsimmons fight from Car- son City, Nev., to San Francisco hours ahead of the regular trains. In 1921 an airplane, at a cost of $25,000, was flown across the continent from New Jersey with the first photographs of the Dempsey-Carpentier fight. In 1924, when a commercial wire picture transmission system was inaugurated between eight cities, newspapers were among its first and principle users. The struggle to carry pictures as rapidly as news has involved the twin tasks of getting the picture and dis- tributing it. Behind repeated beats on | news pictures are stories of photog- raphers who thought of pictures and not of safety when earthquakes and® hurricanes suddenly struck, who flew at night over mountain and desert to get with the first rays of dawn the picture of a burst dam, who stood at the heels of Federal agents when a murderous public enemy was cornered, and who stretched their luck to the breaking point to carry cameras into the thick of strike, riot and revolt. There are some inspiring stories of heroism and devotion. Readers may recall the graphic pictures published by The Star of events of the Cuban revolution last year. Many of these were obtained by Jose Garcia, a Cuban boy who had learned to handle the camera as an Associated Press office boy. While blood flowed and the Machado government tottered, Jose obtained many pictures which told the story as words could not. When Jose Defied Death. One day, at the sound of shooting on the Prado, Jose seized his camera and jumped on the back of an auto- mobile bound for the scene. He ar- rived as mounted police were riding down the mob. He climbed to the top of the spare tire and poised his camera. A policeman saw him and summoned his comrades with a shout, “Abajo los fotografos.” Jose held his perch for a split second as he snapped the shutter and fell backward as the police fired. He was badly hurt in the fall, but stumbled back to the Associ- ated Press office and delivered his negatives before he received medical attention. He was under a doctor’s care for 25 days, but he would not stay idle while Cuba was alive with picture news. Day by day he followed the tide of revolution with his camera, & marked man to the police, and more than once he was fired upon. This is only one example of the comparatively recent thrilling experi- ences of Associated Press photogra- phers. ‘To obtain picture coverage of an event, precise organization is essential. Take, for example, the scene at the Long Island bowl the night of the Baer-Carnera fight. Three photogra- phers were at the ringside, two others among the crowds or in the dressing rooms. The editor in charge had six messengers and four motor cycles in readiness. At an airport outside the arena chartered planes waited with motors running. The fight began at 10:08 o'clock. By 10:40 the first plates had been delivered at the Newark Alr- port, loaded into other planes and ‘were on their way for distribution in the South. 300 Deadlines Met. ‘The operation was repeated every few minutes to catch planes bound for other parts of the country. Within barely three hours and a half after A still more recent example of en- terprise was the distribution of pic- tures of the Naxi revolt in Vienna. A plane besring these pictures was catapulted from the deck of the liner Bremen 800 miles off New York at ¢ )8 am, and landed in the Hudson | River at 4:25 pm. Barely a half hour | later the pictures were aboard a west- | bound passenger and mail plane from the Newark Airport. At 7 a.m. they were in Los Angeles and the Cali- | before the Bremen docked in New York. | To reduce the time lost in produc- ing a print from a camera negative, airplanes, ambulances and subway trains are used frequently as dark been devised by the Associated Press consisting of & little black box with rubber sleeves so the developer can use his hangds inside the box to make prints in a lighted conveyance. Ambulance Dark Rooms. An ambulance often was the dark room for pictures from the national political conventions in Chicago in 1932. While it sped behind a motor cycle escort at the rate of 3 miles in four minutes from the convention hall to an airport or railway station, men were at work inside making plates and preparing them for shipment. The ambulance, by the way, was the means of & curlous news picture beat from the Democratic convention. On the fornia’s vote to Roosevelt, the con- vention hall was so jammed, inside and out, that the police locked the doors. Unable te get out by ordinary means, an Associated Press photogra- pher lay down on a stretcher with his plates under his coat and got two col- leagues to carry him out. Police saw the stretcher coming, unlocked the doors, and cleared a path to the am- | bulance, which waited outside. | But, for all this heroism and in- genuity, news pictures necessarily | distant from the scene of the event. The news has traveled over the tele- graph wires practically with the speed of light. The pictures have traveled at the speed of fast planes. They have practically stood still by com- parison. New Service Ends Delay. ‘The inauguration of the wire photo service will mean an added incentive to the news photographers to get more and better pictures in all sorts of surroundings, and to use even greater ingenuity in getting them to a transmitting station, where they may be started on their way—now at a speed the same as that of the news— over the 10,000-mile circuit with its 24 waiting newspapers. Planes, trains, ships and mounted messengers will serve as auxiliaries. The circuit will be continuously in touch with the great Euro] picture circuit so the American hewspaper readers will be in continuous “picture touch” with practically the entire world. And the reproduction, experi- ments show, can be so perfect that the transmitted picture hardly can be distinguished from the original print. fornia newspapers were printing them | rooms. A portable dark room has | night when McAdoo switched Cali-! have lagged behind the news at points | Naval Hospital. The plane was in- ' | —Star Staff Photos. YOUTH IS HUNTED ASCHIEF'S SLAYER Feeling Reported “Running High”—O0fficers Seek to Prevent Lynching. | BY the Associated Press. ELLAVILLE, Ga., | A colored youth, who was said by | officers to have shot and killed Chief of Police W. B. Souter, 42, of Ella- | ville was hunted today by Sheriff | E. C. Rigsby and posses of Schley | County citizens. | Night Chief of Police Pilcher said feeling was very high.” Asked whether there was talk of lynching the 17-year-old boy, named by Pilcher as Charlie Dodson, Pilcher said it was a question of who would capture him first. “If the folks capture him before the sheriff does there is a possibility they'll put the works to him,” Pilcher said. The youth had been arrested on a charge of stealing merchandise from a store here and was being taken to the jail. After they had left the main section of town, Pilcher said, Dodson grabbed the chief's gun and | shot him. The boy then fled with | the officer's pistol. Chief Souter is survived by his widow and two young daughters. BAD NEWS REMOVED FROM FRONT PAGE Missouri Newspaper Presents One Sheet ‘“Clear of Unsavory and “running Unpleasant” Events. By the Associated Press. POPLAR BLUFF, Mo, December 125—No “unsavory and unpleasant” news appeared yesterday on the front page of the Poplar Bluff Amer- ican Republican. The newspaper five years ago inaug- urated a policy of not printing crime and tragedies on page 1 the day before Christmas. Said J. H. Wolpers, publisher: “It is refreshing on one day of the year at least to have page 1 clear of un- savory and unpleasant news.” = JAILBREAKERS GO HOME Leave Note Wishing Judge and Marshal “a Merry Christmas.” SHARPSBURG, Ky. (£ —Two prisoners who broke out of the Sharpsburg Jail, left Police Judge J. C. Nelson and Town Marsha. Leun- ard Howard this Christmas greeting: “We have gone home for Christmas. May both of you have a merry one and a happy New Year.” The prisoners, Earl Call and Ad- rian Kerns, serving senicnces for drunkenness, broke a bolt on the jail lock. Judge Nelson said no effort will be made to capture them until after the holidays. Life’s Like That BY FRED NEHER. PICKS OUT THE NECKTIES* WIFE (Copyright, 1934.) December 25—} Charles NATIONALISM SEEN ENFORCED ON'U.§. Decline of Exports Held Making Crop Control Necessary. By the Assoclated Press. “Rugged Individualism” among na- tions, several Government farm econ- omists say, is forcing the United States into a policy of economic nationalism in_self-defense. ! Pointing to a continuing decline in | agricultural exports despite recent | overtures to woo foreign customers, | they predict control of crop produc- tion is only in its infancy. From all present indications this | group, all of whom preferred not to | be quoted by name, said American | farmers may face the necessity of re- | stricting production, probably on a compulsory or semi-ccmpulsory basis, for many years to come, or be con- fronted with huge new surpluses and | depression of prices. Reciprocal trade agreements and barter plans now under way were scorned by this group as stop-gaps and artificial stimulation of trade. ] Self-Sufficiency. | Four factors were held responsible | for the present trade situation: 1. Economic self-sufficiency of na- tions, based on politics and self-de- | 2. Exchange restrictions due to the present variance in money standards. | | 3. The tariff policy of the United States, which forbids payments in goods for products we export. 4. Development of substitutes in | manufactured goods, such as machin- ularly cotton. nomic nationalism is regarded as the strongest. Since the World War, ef- forts in most foreign countries have been concentrated on producing within the borders of each all the goods for fense rather than on economics. H other countries for many American | ery and agricultural products, partic- | Of these. the tendency toward eco- | 11 STATES ADOPT OLD-AGE PENSIONS Gain in Social Legislation Cited by Weifare Director. By the Assoclated Press. CHICAGO, December 25.—A rapid increase in the number of States which have enacted old age pension legis- lation in the last two years is shown in a survey made by Dr. Marietta Stevenson, assistant director of the American Public Welfare Association. Laws for the payment of old age pensions were passed in 11 States in 1933 and 1934, compared with a total of 18 States in the preceding 10 years, the survey showed, and prospects of Federal legislation on the subject have induced other States to give the plan early consideration. State and local taxes were used to finance all the old age pension sys- tems now in force, with some States permitting the city and county offi- cials to make payment to the per- sons they deem are in need. The re- cent trend, however, has been toward the compulsory law. States Aid in Financing. Dr. Stevenson’s report called atten- tion to the fact that since 1928 the States have increased their responsi- bility in financing the pensions. Wis- consin was the only State to provide financial assistance from State funds in 1928, but today 13 of the 29 States with pension laws give State aid to localities, and 5 States use State funds entirely. Dr. Stevenson said she believed laws which required pensioners to have lived 15 to 35 ‘years in a State and 15 years in the community will be liberalized if Congress adopts a na- tional old‘age pension plan. Age Limits Set, The survey revealed that 15 States set 70 as the age for the beginning of pension payments; 11 set it at 65; and one, North Dakota, sets it at 68. Maximum pensions range from $150 a year in North Dakota to $1 a day in nine other States. Massachusetts has no maximum limit, while Arkan- sas pro rates its fund among pen- sioners. Pension applicants in Pennsylvania and Virginia must be totally indigent. In nine States pensions are granted only to persons whose capital assets do not exceed $3,000. Among these States are California, Michigan and Wisconsin, — MAN SHOT WHILE WRITING TELEGRAM Assailant Surrenders, Claiming Victim Had Broken Up His Home. By the Associated Press. DAYTON, Ohio., December 25— Chester Payne. 30, of Savannah, Ga., was shot and killed yesterday while he was writing a telegram in a (Postal) telegraph office here. Louis K. Parker, 38, surrendered to police. Detective Inspector S. E. Yendes quoted Parker as admitting that he had followed Payne to Dayton to kill him. The inspector said Parker charged that Payne had broken up his home and had “run away” with his wife. Mrs. Parker, witnesses told the in- spector, was standing at a counter with Payne when Parker entered, shouting, “Now I've got you. This is the last time you will break up a home.” Four shots were fired. Payne died almost instantly. About 20 persons witnessed the shooting, police said. 'SALESMAN GIVES which there is a demand, these econ- | omists said. “Vested Interests.” They sald new groups of “vested interests” have grown up around each govwernment and are insisting that government assistance to them con- tinue. Even if the United States should re- duce tariffs 20 or even 40 per cent it is unlikely that foreign nations would respond in similar fashion according to one economist. “The time has gone by when they could respond,” he declared. Secretary Wallace has said that the United States must revise its think- ing to realize that it is a creditor nation, but several other foreign trade experts, including some in his own department, have another slant, “In believing that we are a cred- itor nation we seem to be nursing the hope that the war debts and post- war debts will be paid, but there is little ndication yet that they will be,” one trade adviser said. ‘“Possibly we must revise our attitude to one about half-way between the creditor and debtor nation psychology and act ac- cordingly.” MERCHANT RECOVERS $1,000 LEFT IN GARBAGE New Yorker Arrives at Inciner- ator Just in Time to Sal- vage Currency in Box. By the Assoclated Press. YONKERS, N. Y., December 25— Christmas was almost a day of sorrow for Samuel Scharfstein, merchant. He had $1,000 in an old cardboard box in his store and when he went to look s{o;::l y!fterd-y the box was gone, C| stein thought he had been robbed, until one of his clerks remembered seeing the box in a pile of refuse which had been collected by a garbage truck. Scharfstein hurried to the eity incinerator and arrived just as the truck was about to dump its load into the furnace. Scattered among the debris were crisp new bills. CAPITAL MAN ELECTED B. Y. Morrison Secretary of U. 8. Iris Society. NEW YORK, December 25 (#).— Dr. Harry H. Everett of Lincoln, Nebr., widely known horticulturist, has been elected president of the American Iris Society. The annual meeting of the board of directors was held in the offices of the Horticultural Society of New York. Dr. Everett succeeded John C. Wistar of Philadelphia, who had been president for a number of years. B. Y. Morrison of Washington, D. C. ture, was named secretary. Richard- son Wright of New York City was elected treasurer, ) i TOTS 30,000 TOYS | Brooklyn Man Plays Santa to Mountain Children for 26th Year. By the Associated Press. STONY CREEK, N. Y., December 25.—Kidides in this little Adirondack hamlet were proudly fondling dolls to- day and beating on drums—their Christmas presents—made possible by jovial Sam Coplan, Brooklyn toy sales- man, who for the last 26 years has been playing Santa Claus to the needy of the North Country. Forced to forego Christmas with his own family in order that the young- sters in this region might have some- thing, Sam E. Coplan was on his way back to his Brooklyn home with the knowledge that his “flock” was happy. Nearly 30,000 toys and a large quantity of clothing and foodstuffs were emptied from his pack. From miles around welfare workers and churchmen came from remote villages to the town hall where Cop- lan made his headquarters. There the 55-year-old Brooklyn man issued the presents which he had gathered together for the last 12 months. CAT WILL BE FEATURE OF “DICK WHITTINGTON” Rat-Chasing Scene Promises to Be Thrilling Event at Na- tional Friday. When “Dick Whittington and His Cat” comes to the National Theater | Friday morning, Washington will have a practical demonstration of the rate catching abilities of Nebuchadnezzar, the cat, who won fame and fortune for his youthful master. At a recent international cat show in’ Paris, an award was given “the champion ratter of the City of Paris.” More than 500 years ago Nebuchade nezzar earned that title from the Sultan of a Far East country for ridding bis palace of rats, and at the same time set Dick Whittington’s foot on the first rung of the ladder which led him to be thrice lord mayor of London. In England, where “Dick Whitting- ton and His Cat” has come to be the traditional Christmas fare for grown- ups and children, the cat is played by an actor and Dick by a girl; but the performance at the National is not done in the farcial manner of Eng- land, but in a light comedy vein, with a real cat and a most exciting scene of him chasing innumerable rats across the stage, which is sure to bring forth shrieks and shivers. Dick is played by Wendell Whitten, an accomplished young actor, who will be remembered for his splendid portrayal of Rip Van Winkle last year. Mr. Whitten and his cat will be assisted by an able company of grown-up professional actors.