Evening Star Newspaper, July 9, 1933, Page 8

- MANCHUKUO SHOWS SIENS OF PROGRESS Success Reported in Solving New State’s Problem of Banditry. Detailed information respecting con- ditions in Manchukuo up togabout six weeks ago has been receivell by The Star from a source, which, while fa- vorable to Japan, is nevertheless to be credited as authentic and accurate. It comes from one who is intimately fa- miliar with the situation in the newly created state and with the circum- stances attending its organization fol- Jowing the “incident” of September 18, 1931, when a clash occurred near Muk- den ' between Chinese and Japanese troops following & breaking of the line of the South Manchuria Railway. ‘The major problem of the Japanese supporters of the new regime in Man- chukuo has been the abatement of the bgndit-soldier menace there. When the JSpanese forces in o series of engage- ments defeated and scattered the troops of Marshal Chang Hsueh Liang, who was supreme ruler of Manchuria under | the old order, these armed men began to operate as unorganized groups in co- operation with bandits who had been previously active. It is estimated that in August, 1932, these Chin soldier- bandits and mixed gangs totaled from 250,000 to 260.000. Where they oper- ated in military fashion in large bodies they were wiped out comparatively | quickly by intensive drives by the Japa- nese troops. Most of them maintained themselves by robbing the civilian pop- ulation. From time to time their num- ber wes augmented by former civilia who were driven to banditry and de- rived of their means of earning an Eonesn living either by these depreda- tions or by the great floods which ruined large areas of agricultural land in North | Manchuria in 1932. 1 These groups were rated by the au- thorities in Nanking and Peking as “yolunteers.” Bandit leaders were given commissions as regular officers and large rewards were offered for depredations such as the wrecking of trains, destruc- tion of government buildings and assas- | sinations of military and civil officers.; ‘Arms and munitions were supplied from | China, where pepular subscriptions were conducted for that purpose. Problem Believed Solved. These supplies found their way into Manchuria through Jehol, and it was) in part for the purpose of closing that gate for these munitions for the main- tenance of the bandit warfare in Man- churia that the campaign at Jehol was undertaken. In Manchuria proper the Japanese and Manchukuo military forces began systematized drives in triangular sections. This campaign, it is now re- horted, has resulted in reduction of the awless armed forces to between 50,000 and 60000. They are now confined chiefly to the northeastern area. It is felt that the bandit problem in Man- chukuo has been solved. Three measures have been adopted for the suppression of this bandit men- ace to peace and orcer in the new state, education. negotiation and eco- nomic rehabilitation. By “education” 13 signified a demonstration by the au- thorities that the Manchukuo govern- ment is solid and progressive and that it cannot be overturned by force of arms from within. By “negotiation” 1s meant the persuasion of the bandits to lay down their arms voluntarily. This has been successful, numerous gangs having already surrendered. A few groups have been employed in police work and a smeall number of thém have reverted to banditry. “Economic re- habilitatdon” has consisted in grants or money or seed grain to farmers whose holdings have been ruined so that they may be given a fresh start in peaceful occupations, large sums having been appropriated by the government for this purpose. A system of village defense by patrols formed by the villagers themselves has been adopted. This measure was at- tended with difficulty inasmuch as the possession of arms by civilians formed a possible supply for the bandits. When arms have been issued to the people for this purpose count has been taken of them and the heads of the villages have been held responsible for their safe keeping and proper use. It is now believed that the majority of the remaining bandits can be elimi- nated by peaceful means, especially as the majority of them are not profes- sionals, but have been forced into banditry. Opportunity is now offered for them to find employment in con- nection with the construction of new roads, railways anti buildings and the establishment of new industries. Kaoliang as Bandit Screen. In the past it has been found that when railways were built the bandits moved away from them because of the maintenance of armed guards along the lines. The network of new ran lines now under construction will, it is believed, facilitate the suppression of Italian City THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, Built on Reclaimed Marshes MUSSOLINI'S ENGINEERS TURN MORASS INTO CULTIVATABLE LAND, S s S e The above photo shows the new city created by Premier Mussolini on land reclaimed from the Pontine Marshes. In the background is the road which joins Littoria to the Appian Way and the cultivated land reclaimed by the Italian engineers. —Wide World Photo. China _proper, Springtime were reassured of & chance to escape. New Outlet to Sea. Railway construction work, as stated, | patronage, the strategic importance of |is being caitied on extensively and ac- | this line is lessened. Had Manchuria One of these operations is of |remained in Chinese control it would The line from Tun- | have constituted a vitally important tively articular interest, hua to the Korean coast has been com- pleted and is in opcration. This will construction, and will Korea now und give North Manchuria an outlet to the |line has chiefly an economic value in sea much cl than Dairen. The con- |struction of this line closes a chapter of importance in the history of Man- churia. Under tne old order, with Marshal Chang Tso Lin as supreme | ruler of the three provinces, the Jap- |tha sought the privilege of building |owned half and half by China and | ch of that line from Chang |Russia, it will possess an efficient rail- | anes a bra Chung, the northern terminal of the South Manchurian Railway, through Kirin and Tunhua to the coast. This was resisted, and as a compromise the Chinese undertook the construction with a Japanese loan. and under Jap- anese eng:neering supervision. By the Spring of 1929 this had been carried to Tunhua, leaving about 60 miles re- maining, the most difficult operation of : 5 who arrived in theall owing to the rough country between their | that point and the sea. Chang Tso Lin safety from this menace by the state- | meanwhile had been assassinated and !ment “this is not the season for ban-|his son, Chang Hsueh Liang, : dits, the kaoliang is not high enough.” |ceeded him. He refused his consent to ! Now the kaoliang is to be kept far|the completion of the line under either ! encugh away from the railway lines to| Chinese or Japanese control. ! prevent safe approach for attack and|one of the major causes of the breach jupon Korea by China or by Russia in | connect with new poris on the coast in | case that power regained foothold in easterly | to that end are now in progress. ad suc- That was between Japan and Chang Hsueh Liang. With Manchukuo established as an “independent” state, under Japanese “bridgehead” against a possible attack Manchuria. In present conditions this shortening the rail haul from the heart of the soy bean fields to the sea. Resources Being Explored. Should Japan succeed in purchasing Chinese Eastern Railway, now way system in Manchuria. Negolllllll{lfi n this connection it is to be noted that | according to the Japanese viewpoint | the Chinese half of the Chinese Eastern Railway is owned by Manchukuo as the successor state, so that the purchase of |the Russian half will give Japan, in | effect, full ownership of this line Plans for the development of the ag- | There are some things we refuse to do to sell a oar. ricultural and mineral resources of Manchuria are in progress and new in- dustries are projected for the exploita- tion of the mineral wealth of the coun- try, which has been hitherto neglected. A scientific research is now being car- ried on in exploration of these resources. There is a promising prospect of a profitable production of magnesium and an extensive development of gold min- ing. In this connection the question arises whether the labor supply of the coun- try will suffice without a resumption of Ch nese immigration which, up to the Summer of 1929, was in progress at a rate to cause it to be known as the largest mavement of human beings in | the history of the world. ‘The present government of Manchu- ria, the state of Manchukuo, has aban- doned all efforts in the line of encourag- 1410 EYE ST.N.W. CHICKEN BOX Picric Style DELIVERED A 6 HOT BUTTERED BISCUITS OT .t} CRISP POTATO CHIPS SWEET MIXED PICKLES AND FOUR CUP CAKES by or we will deliver Open 9A M to |IP.M. Phore DISTRICT 2611 D. C, JULY 9, 1933—PART promoting immigration from proper. The immediate problem find work for those who are now in driven from their farms by bandits and Chinese troops—who are now free to return to their fields, there will soon be need of man power and to the end of supplying this need Japan has now in- stituted a policy of systematic mass mi- gration of Japanese farmers to Man- churia, where they will take up hitherto uncultivated lands with the direction and support of organizations formed for this purpose. These as well as the Koreaps mainly cultivate rice, with which the Manchurian Chinese are un- successful. They mainly employ swampy lands which the Chinese cannot use. Japanese Migration Planned. ‘This experiment in Japanese migra- tion into Manchuria is the renewal of an effort made some years ago, shortly after the Russo-Japanese war, to induce Japanese colonists to establish them- selves in Southern Manchuria, partly to lessen the pressure on the home land of the rapidly increasing native popula- tion and partly for economic purposes, to increase the agricultural products of that fertile land and thus to increase inturn the freights hauled by the Japa- nese-owned South Manchuria Railway. The undertaking was not successful. The Japanese did not respond to the invitation to go into that area, which is much colder than their home land, and, moreover, they found it impossible fair-dealing and the confidence of our customers are desirable, too. For one thing, we refuse to poison anyone's mind against another make of car. you about that. We know what our car is and what it will do, and we are ready to tell But to imply defects in another car is not our business. ONE. to compete with the Chinese, who were flocking into the region in great num- bers. It is the belief of the Japanese government that with more stable condl- tions in Manchuria, and especially with a more dependable monetary system— under the dominion of the “Changs,” father and son, there were no less than 1¢ different kinds of currency in circu- lation, depreciated almost to the point of worthlessness—there will be & con- siderable movement of Japanese into Manchuria. The reform of the currency system in Manchuria has been undertaken by the new state with such success that the Manchukuo yuan, which is the unit of value, originally quoted 72 yen to the 100. is now at par. The Manchukuo government has un- dertaken the reduction of taxes, espe- cially the exorbitant salt tax, which un- der the old order weighed heavily on the people. It has remitted large amounts of taxes due by farmers whose ability to pay had been impaired by floods and bandit disturbances. It has abandoned the practice of the former regime of compelling the payment of | taxes in advance. These are some of the features of the rt of conditions just received. ther the undertakings of the “pup- pet state,” as Manchukuo has been called, succeed remains for future de- termination. Te] National Press Office Bldg., One Block From Industrial Recovery Administration [ ] e o o o o Watch Out For Glare You're in the bright sunlight so much in the summer. Protect your eyes-and your health and happiness— with Soft-Lite lenses. Let our registe optometrist examine your eyes and prescribe the right giasses! b Pay 50c A Week! " America’s Oldest Credit Jewelers 1004 F ST. NW. We like sales, but We have done our utmost to encourage intelligent buying of motor cars by left for Sumter, 8. C., to make & prew liminary field investigation. He will spend about six weeks in that area and visit about 200 fayms as ECONOMIST WILL MAKE STUDY OF LUMBER USE a step in a survey of lumber uses to be made in 12 areas in different parts of E. V. Roberts of Forest Service Will | the country. | The study is part of a survey of th Visit Carolina Farms in Netion’s timber resources nnd'yrequirrg ments being made as a basis for “bale arcing the Nation's timber budget.” e ‘Three generations of the family of and other forest products on fi S. P. Reynolds were in Columbia, Mo, o e | when Reynolds attended the golden re. undertaken today by E. V. Roberts, | ynion of the class of 1 economist for the Forest Service, who Missourl. e Ha Good News! LOWER PRICES { on famous Y ARDLEY PRODUCTS for Gentlemen Effective MONDAY . JULY 10 Preliminary Survey. By the Assoctated Press. A special study of the use of lumber Formerly NEW Low Price $1.30 YARDLEY Shaving Bowl ..........$1.00 .95 YARDLEY Shaving Lotion ......... .65 DrUG-STORES “ALL OVER TOWN”—the better to serve you! WELCOME! “An Old Friend Back Again” A Royal Good Drink* 10° You remember the deliciousness of the Orange Royals you drank at “Peoples” last Summer. .. and now they're back again! If you haven't had one...don't deny yourself the pleasure any longer. The very first sip will delight you... and you'll probably say: “Wonder why I never tried this delicious drink before?” A Refreshing Drink ....... Served in sparkling, sterilized silverware to complement its “A Sensation . . . Original With Us” ! Made FRESH before your eyes! ingredients —the better to serve you! | Peoples Drug Stores Offer SOMETHING New in Photo Finishing Now.‘ « ¢ YOU can DOUBLE YOUR PICTURE-TAKING ENJOYMENT with these NEW LARJA-PRINTS showing purchasers how to protect their own interests. double the size of your ordinary prints ducer asks is a customer who knows quality when he sees it. purchaser will speedily conclude that only a bad product requires bad sales All that a good pro- this nuisance. Another measure of pro- tection against the bandit plague has been an order making it illegal to plant kaoliang within a certain distance of the railway tracks. This cercal, which 8Tows to a height of 10 or 15 feet. being very much like American corn in ap- pearance, and is one of the major crops of Manchuria. has in the past made it easy for bandit gangs to attack villages and railway lines, as it is impossible to pursue them successfully when they scatter through the grain. 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We refuse, also, to adopt the role of tricky trader—that is, pretending to offer you a larger trade-in allowance, and taking it away from you in some other way. Ford trade-in values are high, but we do not make fictitious allowances in order to get a sale which may be otherwise disadvantageous to the buyer. Our dealers take used cars upon a system of values, not by haggling or barter. In this world no one gets something for nothing, although there are many ways of making people think that they do. The sure way to get value for value is, first, by being yourself willing to deal on that basis, and second, by Important Message Every Man and Woman Who Wants to REDUCE Easily and Safely dealing with a concern that has no other policy. We refuse to keep dinning in your ears that the Ford V-8 is the best, most economical, lowest-priced car. That is claimed for several cars. Obviously There comes a point where claims and adjectives and all advertising hysteria disappears in its own fog. 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