Evening Star Newspaper, July 1, 1933, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. EATURDAY.........July 1, 1833 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofice: Bulldine. Faglan ithin the City. b8 rrlfr ik 3¢ or month 60c per month IlgG per mo:;l,l | Sunday Sta: per c T oftection mad nd of each month Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1yr., $10.00: 1 mo.. 88¢ 00: 1 mo.. 30 The Evening ai (when 5 Su Bunday only All Other States ang n%ll:l(h. S ] e 1 92, 8 ;1 mo., Baily amy Sundax-. 135 '18.00; 1mo. s Sunday only . 1yr, $5.00; 1mo. B0c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled %o the use for rcoublication of all news dis- BAiRes Srediied [0 b 9r.1eS ShetTocal news ited in this paper and ais published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein —_— Black Saturday. In the name of economy, more than | three thousand employes of the Fed-| eral Government in the District of CO-} lumbia are today losing their jobs or are on notice that within a week or two they are to be separated from the | service. Many of these employes have given the best years of their lives to} the Government. Many of them are trained and peculiarly fitted for the tasks to which they have been as- signed. In the name of ‘humanity, re- covery of business and re-employment, the administration is driving ahead with | plans to add thousands of workers to | the Government pay rolls. In the name of all common sense, how can economy in Government expenditure be accom- plished by any such juggling of jobs? | It cannot, and it will not. Nor will the | American people be so blind as not to understand just what has been going on n the Government service under the “new deal.” Economy was the pledge of the Dem- | ocratic candidates for office during the | Jast campaign. Another pledge was that men and women in this country | should be put back to work. In an effort to convince the country that it was} indeed fulfilling its pledge of economy, the administration put through Con- | gress in special session the economy act | and followed it-up with budget figures | intended to squeeze thousands of eivil | service employes out of their jobs. The | squeezing process is now under way. The same process is operating among Federal employes outside of the District ©of Columbia. To fulfill the pledge that employ- | ment should be provided for the work-; ers, the administration has set up re- | forestation camps, at an expense of $250.000,000. It has put through a public works program estimated to cost $3,300,000,000. It has enacted an in- dustrial recovery act and a farm re- lief act, & home mortgage act and sev- eral other pieces of legislation which will require the employment of large numbers of persons in the Federal service, as well as the expenditure of Jarge sums-of money. No one will be- grudge the empioyment of thousands of men and women in such work. But where is the economy that the Dem- ocrats pledged? ‘What is happening is that some thou- sands of trained Government ‘workers are being let out, while at the same time more thousands, many of them untrained, are to be employed. If the administration has the remotest sense of fair play and justice it will see to it that the men and women it has 20 ruthlessly cut off from their liveli- hood be given the first call on these new jobs. If the administration does not do this, if it undertakes to place in all these new jobs “deserving Demo- crats,” then the country will under- stand that it was not economy which was to be served when the drastic cuts in the Government departments were made. It will be clear to the entire Nation that the “spoils system” in its most virulent form has been revived. 1t President Roosevelt is anxious to see justice done, he will give orders with- out delay that the Government em- ployes who have been discharged or ~retired” under the provisions of the new law be listed immediately for re- employment in the new services to be set up. Once upon & time security in office was supposed to compensate the Gov- ernment worker for his meager pay and faithful service. But on this Black Saturday, the opening of the new fiscal year under the administration, security has been set aside. It is & mere fiction. The boast of the administration is that the Government budget has been belanced, and balanced through the cuts in the appropriations for the executive departments. These cuts have added thousands of men and women to the great army of unemployed. It is & boast that is likely to rise to shame the Democrats in the future. The bud- get, of course, has not been balanced, despite this harsh treatment of Gov- emnment employes. The retention of the discharged and retired employes on the rolls would have made little dlf- ference so far as the budget is con- cerned. also reserved. | L r——————— A Philadelphia collector pays nearly 70,000 for a first folio of Shakespeare. Yet the fact stands that few citizens would pay as much as $1.50 each to see one of the plays. —— Tourists to Europe are less prominent than in the old days excepting when they travel not so much for pleasure as for hard work on intricate economic questions. s Passing Taxes to the Consumer. A definite illustration of the old say- ing that the consumer pays the tax is afforded by an snnouncement by the Jowa Bakers' Association that the price of & pound loaf of bread will be in- creased on the 5th of July from five to eight cents on account of the processing tax, which will soon become effective under the agricultural recovéry act. In justification of this advance in retail price, an official of the association says that flour which cost the bakers $3 a barrel three weeks ago now costs $5 a barrel, and that with the addition of £1.50 of processing tax it will mean that the of flour to the bakers has more the newly announced re- tail price taking care of “only the boost in flour costs.” An official of the farm act adminis- tration, when interviewed on the sub- ject, has said that the bakers can- not very well blame the processing taxes for raising prices on the 5th of July when the wheat tax does not g0 into effect until midnight July 8, and furthermore that the tax will amount to only $1.38 a barrel and not $1.80, and that this should not amount to more than three-quarters of a cent s loaf. He added, however, that an increase in the price of bread based on the recent rise in wheat prices was & different matter entirely. Nobody has ever expected the proc- essors or the users of processed agri- | cultural products to pay the tax out of their own pockets and absorb the loss themselves. Nor has any one ever expected that a sales tax of any kind would be paid wholly by the manu- facturers without passing it on to the consumers. Indeed the only question has been whether the entire tax would g0 back to the consumers, or only a part of it, or more than the tax. It is certaintly contrary to economic law not to pass the tax on to the con- sumer as part of the cost of produc- tion. and it is equally contrary to economic law to pass more than the | tax on to the consumer and thus make an unjustifiable profit on the trans- action. —————— Stabilization. Although President Roosevelt's au- | thoritative word is still lacking, there is a multiplicity of apparently well grounded news that American acqui- escence in some sort of international currency stabilization is assured, and that the rocks on which the London Conference for a week has threatened to founder have been averted. What appears to have happened is that the United States is willing that central banks—in our case, the Federal Re- serve system—rather than govern- ments themselves, shall use their re- sources to prevent extreme fluctuations in currencies. Thus, it is planned, a temporary “steadying” of the dollar in foreign exchange markets is to be brought about. As far as the United States is concerned, these arrangements are to be put into operation in such a manner as to leave the Govern- ment's domestic recovery program free from restrictions. It was the fear of arresting this, especially the funda- mental result of rising commodity prices, that all along has deterred President Roosevelt from assenting to an intergovernmental currency-pegging pact. That this is to be left instead to government banks is, in a manner of speaking, a case of tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee. It is a roundabout way of conceding that a rose by any other name after all smells as sweet. ‘The New York Times, on what must obviously be first-hand banking author- ity, epitomizes the resultant situation as follows: This program does not imply stabili- zation or pegging of the dollar at any level with relation to other currencies. Its primary purpose is to put an end to the violent fluctuations of the dollar in foreign exchange markets of the world since the London Conference began. The first reaction to operation of the plan will be to bring into closer rela- tionship this country and Great Britain with regard to their plans for their cur- rencies. This might mean, it is asserted, that when the time for stabilization comes Britain and the United States would be prepared to act together. Just before leaving Campobello Island for the return journey to Washington, President Roosevelt let it be known that he regards the temporary stabilization of currency as a banking rather than a governmental problem and, therefore, outside of the immediate realm of the troubled London Conference. And the President is further quoted as believing that the issue is too involved for solu- tion within forty-eight hours or a week in the fevered atmosphere of the Lon- don Conference. Mr. Roosevelt spotlights another vital point. He wonders how stabilization can be accomplished by a government running $500,000,000 a year behind in its budget. The American President seems irrevocably committed to the theory that until all currencies, includ- ing those still based on gold standards, “are put to sea,” to find their own true levels, it is futile to attempt any sta- bilization designed to be of permanent character. oot Otto Kahn has a little the better of | Mr. Morgan in matters of sedate con- sideration. Any figure in the world of entertainment who undertakes to in- trude on the investigation is more likely to come from the Metropolitan Opera than from Ringling's circus. — e The public is obviously less interested in Mr. Norman Davis' personal busi- | ness in the past than in the public business he is trying to assist in trans- 2cting at present. ———r————— July. In a blaze of heat and color July appears in the procession of the months. The dawn of its first day was a laey, slow-moving affair. The dark which it displaced was but an ineffective veil drawn across the sun; the orb, it seem- ed, burned down upon the earth all night long. Promised showers held off, and the morning in the circumstances had a brazen aspect, emerging like a molten thing from Summer's torrid furnace. John Clare, perhaps, has best de- scribed the season’s turgidity. He never knew an American July, but, peasant- born, a farm-laborer, he was eminently qualified to tell of the month as it hap- pens in England; and the difference is one of degree, not of kind. His measured numbers epply to both countries: Loud is the Summer’s busy song, The smallest breeze can find a tongue, ‘While insects of- each tiny size Grow teasing with their melodies Till noon rns with its blistering breath Around, and day lies still as death, But Willlam Cullen Bryant, in “Among the Trees,” could write with greater penetration on the same theme: | The linden, in the fervors of July, Hums with a louder concert; when the wind Sweeps the broad forest in its Sum- mer prime, As when some master hand exulting sweeps 3 ’I'he‘ keys of some great organ, ye give orth ’I‘heh music of the woodland deptas, a ymn Of gladness and of thanks. He understood that nature practices a philosophy of balances, of recom- penses. If the flelds bake and the woodlands shrivel under a flery sky, the philosopher need not be disturbed— { them, it may be supposed, have a cer- TH !,n may be nothing but a mathematical law, but the cooling rain will come, and as the ancient German proverb says: A shower in July, when the corn be- gins to fill, Is worth & plough of oxen and all be- longs theretil. For some, at least, of the city-dwell- ing millions the month signifies es- cape to more congenial havens. July is vacation time, and the town-tired thousands who are free to depart journey to the mountains and the sea- side. Those who cannot sccompany tain unselfish satisfaction friends’ good fortune. But even in the cities July is toler- able. A serene attitude of mind helps in the bearing of its exactlons. The cheerful soul may suffer its discom- forts without complaint, thanking a benevolent Providence for the genius of the men who invented screens, elec- tric fans, refrigerators and bath tubs. —— et A Blighted Barrister. in their Etate, perhaps-the most publicized per- son in official life, on his return to his bailiwick from Washington recently polished up his shingle and reopened his law office. He even put a card in the local newspapers announcing that he was prepared to serve his clients in' the courts of his State and elsewhere if necessary, thereby transgressing the professional rule that prevails in most Jjurisdictions in this country. Yester- day he announced that he was closing his office for lack of business, and when interviewed on the subject he said: I've been home from Washington for two weeks and I haven't made a thin dime. I came back here when Con- gress adjourned, hung up my shingle and put a public ad in the papers announcing that I was ready to do some law business. I dusted off my $25.000 law library that I made before I held any of these public offices, but I ain’t seen a sign of a single client. Why can this be? Is there no liti- gation in that part of the country? Are there no quarrels, no business dis- putes, no slanders, no libels, no bad | debts, no, broken contracts? Or is 1t because despite the fume and fury of this eminent barrister there is doubt about his fundamental legal ability? Or is he just too eminent in politics to be rated as a satisfactory legal rep- resentative? Is this the handicap of political success? It will be & pity to have that $25,000 law library gather more dust and that shingle to tarnish again. It would be interesting to see this pyrotechnic practitioner at work in court, where rules prevail more stringent than those of the legislative body of which he has for some months been so spec- tacular a member. It would espe- cially be interesting to see him in action before the highest court, where decorum is the law. But that thin| dime being missing after two weeks of patient waiting, it must now be accepted that this spectacle will not be offered for public delectation. So for six long months this learned exponent of Blackstone must content himself with minor matters of parochial interest and await the resumption of business on Capitol Hill, where his talents will ind their widest fleld. T The thought should be made to perish that Europe after being eager to acquire the American doliar is now de- sirous of regulating its value. e e WEO Aspirations of Hitler have gone so | far that he assumes to state what he wants without taking the trouble to tell what he wants with it. ———————————_ ‘The Government has engaged talent frankly described as “high brow” to inspect pay rolls and see what can be done about overhead. o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The senior Senator of a Southern|q E_EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Auber's fine old light opera “Fra Diavolo” is just as good as ever evi- dently. “On Yonder Rock Reclining,” the principal aria, still stirs the musical heart. ‘This we gather from listening to an | first enthusiastic youngster go into what |. used to be called ecstasies over the mo- tion picture built out of the opera. ‘That grand old song sung by the benevolent bandit (after his fashion) won fim principally. He made a music store rake through its big black boxes after sheet music. He attempted to find & phonograph record of it and dis- covered that there was none. On the streets, at odd moments, he found himself roaring away the lilting, haunting strains. Ah! it is a great old song, and we know just exactly how this enthuslast felt, for s0 we felt many years ago, when we, in turn, first ran into this fine musical b! vnth‘our listening ears. P ‘Wonderful old musical measure, that time, indeed! You can make a march with it, or a walts, or a soft baracolle, or a stirring song for a bandit to sing, depending upon your mood and your musical in- ventiveness. Victor Herbert used it most effec- tively in many of his best operas. It is the beat, as most people know. Offenbach’s matchless “Baracolle, p’lyed and loved the world around, one of light opera’s most priceless creations. * o K x 1t is strange to think that an entire generation of young people has grown up the members of which have never heard the fine old French and German light operas except by means of the screen and other recorded music. The real thing, we mean, the pro- ductions as written, played and sung on the stage by real men and women, with a good orchestra in the pit. Such hearings are precious recollgc- tions to many of the oldsters. It you were to go into their homes today. the chances are that somewhere you ‘would find & music cabinet with sheet music red in it. .wAnd. along with popular light music of a distant day. you would find in- evitably the complete musical scores of many of those old stage successes. P There can be no question that they wrote better music in those days. It is not a matter of opinion at all, it seems to us, but one of fact. Play up those old successes prop- erly, the music lovers of this day and generation will turn to them as in- stinctively. | The best songs from them had some- thing, and that something was, and is, melodic invention. Those songs were “naturals” to use a rather silly but expressive word. They seemed to well straight out of the hearts and minds of their com- posers, like songs from feathered sing- ers in the trees. I 1t was great sport for the musically inclined young gentleman of s past era to seek the sheet music at the m;‘;“ i ical score, of course e entire musical , : was the prize, but if one lacked the necessary purchase price, and it seemed that one most often did, the “‘gems were available at a more moderate sum. | If one did not play the plano one’s self, it was always possible to inveigle some musically minded young woman to assume the guardianship of the precious score, or Aaria. ere were more piano playing young ladies. in those days. when “The Maple Leaf Rag” was in its prime. | After one had heard the music played by & good orchestra, and sung by good principals and good choruses, one had no difficulty at all in bringing back the mood of the moment and the music, when one undertook to interpret it at hand. . Z Even if & mandolin were all that was available, for doing justice to sixteen leading roles, the , and the en- tire orchestra, it sufficed admirably, if one happened to possess ination. If a quartet was to be rendered, each part ‘could be played by itself, or as many as two combined, after a rudi- mentary fashion. Perhaps more ingenuity was mani- fested than musiclanship, 'but the “opera company” got a great deal of fun out of the impromptu performance, and who shall say that the music, at least In intent, was not very good, too? * % % % Part of the pleasure of it all, how- ever, was the trip to the music store, the purchase of the new music, and the bringing of it home again. This is a joy known to thousands in the purchase of all the products which mankind loves, needs, and uses, but somehow the thrill of anticipation was just a little bit greater with those old musical scores than with anything else. Did this forecast' that one was to be a musician? If 8o, it failed, as so many forecasts do fall. We would warn all persons against making predictions. Hu- manity unfortunately, or fortunately, possesses no means whereby accurate prophecy can be made; predictions that are not accurate are worse than useless. ‘They are dutu:bh:(.‘ Unwrapping the score was a labor of The package held music, one of the finest gifts to man. To think that the store held innumerable such pack- ages, all carefully laid away in black boxes, which pulled out like so many drawers! The clerk knew just where to go to get “Robin Hood.” or “The Queen's Lace Handkerchief. Now one was to have the happiness | of recreating, in little, the stage where- on but last week one had listened to “Pra Diavolo” for four nights running. At each performance new beauties had come to light. It was an amazing dis- | covery to make, that the human ear t | woman who combined many of the typi- could not capture all the melodies It was melody, after all, which one prized. Surely one made no apology one for that preference. at that time, and despite the years one makes no apology for it now. * x % % The music one remembers! It is melody, and always melody. Tune is, if not everything, at least & great deal. Tune may be complex, or simple, and all degrees of complexity and simplicity, but pattern, in the mu- sical sense, it has. ‘There is melodic invention displayed by a human mind and heart—we will not forget the heart—working with mu- sical notes and spaces, and mathem: | lcal time. As a novelist works with words. cre- ating with them, or, rather, through what they do through the mind of the reader, character action and the rest, so the composer, poser, catches a hint of something be: yond humanity when he creates a gTeat sonf Sheer melody let it be! The great songs are just great tunes, although some are a great deal more complicated than others. “On Yonder Rock” is a simple pattern, yet with nuances unexcelled in the whole realm of music. It is good to know that the world still finds it thrilling. Public Support in New Deal Held Essential for Victory Viewing the results of the session of Congress, with its unprecedented legis- lation, largely inspired by President Roosevelt, the country voices its belief that the real task under the “new deal” is about to be faced by the Executive and that success depends upon con- tinued harmony such as was exempli- fled In Congress. Achievement of the objective, it is declared, means s his toric recovery. It is assumed that wis- dom will mark the steps to be taken and that conservative principles will be joined with untried policies. e factory for the turning out of the ‘new deal’” says the Dayton Daily Ney is now up, equipped and ready ‘The great labor of keeping it to go. going lies yet ahead. The President returns to Washington with the hardest of all grinds yet before him. A Nation which already feels the signs that new and better times are at hand will wlsE him continued strength and courage. The Buffalo Evening News voices the opinion that “much of the popular confidence which he enjoys rests on the belief i1t he will use these powers| very moderately or not at all.” The Roanoke Times states that “the Roose- velt program has won high favor every- where,” while “the President enjoys| well - nigh unprecedented popularity among the rank and file of the Ameri- can people for his vigorous efforts effect their economic rehabilitation and restore something approximating nor- mal industrial conditions.” Limiting Production. It's useless to instruct my hen How many eggs to lay, For she gets busy now and then Producing one per day: And later on, no matter how I coax and show her care, She haughtily remarks, “Just now I have no eggs to spare.” Our cotton we will regulate— At least we hope we can— And in advance we'll try to state The various needs of man. Yet nature is unswerving when She once asserts her sway— It's useless to instruct her How many eggs to lay. Guessing. “After all,” said the confidential friend, “there is a great deal of guess- work in politics.” “That’s why we have 30 many elec- tions,” answered Senator Sorghum. “The public feels that it can't guess wrong all the time.” Jud Tunkins says he's willing to at- tend to his own business, but now-a- days finance is getting to be everybody’s businees. Skyseraping. ‘The Tower of Babel had to fail And still man either builds or fiies, Hoping his arts will yet agail To bring us safe beyond the skies. Popularity. “You will admit that he is a popular man. “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne, “but, as in current musical composition, pop- ularity is often in inverse ratio to merit.” “Many would be bolder in telling the truth,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “if there were not so few who are brave encugh to bear it.” Telling Our Troubles. When life seems fickle and unfair 1 throw my troubles to the air. All patiently forthwith I go And tell 'em to the radio. I wrote them signed in days gone by “Tax Payer” or “Vox Popull” Or to a good policeman friend. He's now too busy to attend. The microphone with simple grace Stands with calm, impartial face, And with my troubles now I go And tell them to the radio. “*Tain't enough to hope foh de best,” said Uncle Eben. “You want to get busy ) and help work for i/ : “It is too early to thank Congress for what it did,” thinks the Rock Island Argus, “but it deserves thanks for what it tried to do, at least. Con- fronted with an unprecedented situ- ation it adopted unprecedented meas- ures. If they succeed the country will be eternally grateful. In any case, Con- gress gave the Nation action, and, spur- red on by the President, it gave action in plenty and then some. We shall now proceed to wade in, and we hope to find the water fine. The new legis- lation will certainly hold us for awhile.” The demand for whole-hearted co- operation by the people is ‘made by the Charleston (8. C.) Evening Post and the Port Huron Times-Herald. The ex- ample given by Congress in its co-opera- tion and the responsibility that rests jointly upon Congress and the execu- tive, for the results, is pointed out by the Altoona Mirror, the Sioux Falls Daily Argus-Leader, the Indianapolis News and the Connellsville Courier. The Louisville Courler-Journal records that both parties “united to travel the road blazed by the man who sought the pro- motion of no interests, but the salvation of the country.” The Akron Beacon Journal advises that “the duty of the Test of us Is now to extend the fullest measure of co-operation so long as major abuses under the. new order of things do not materialize.” Invoking for the plans “the test of human acceptance, human experience and human administration,” the Prov- idence Bulletin offers the judgment: “Man can count the stars, foretell eclipses and predict the tides with ac- curacy; but man cannot tell what will be the result of the unprecedented pro- gram written into law by the Roosevelt administration and Congress. And that's the truth. The reason is that man has not_yet discovered, if such there be, the laws which regulate hu- man conduct.” The Bulletin is con- vinced that “the tradition of this coun- try is still deeply individualistic.” “Great responsibility rests upon the officials who have been chosen to make the new legislation work fairly and justly,” says the 8t. Paul Dispatch, while the Chicago Tribune declares: “After all, the greatness of a nation lies in its spirit, and in embarking upon the experiment launched by the Presi- dent, the American people meet a chal- lenge to their public spirit, their ca- pacity for self-restraint, their devotion | often fc to the common weal. as momentous as any in the history of the republic.” “We are launched,” suggests the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, adminis- tration that can only be described as a transition from {the ‘horse and bugsy’ system of to the ais trans- portation idea that has crept up on us irom behind the automobiles. In & manner of speaking, the ‘new deal’ | means that we are being lifted bodily from the ‘hug-me-tight’ buggy to the cockpit of a transcontinental plane. Our Government is catching up with the in- ventive genius and merchandising prog- ress of its citizenship. The Seventy- third Congress made it ible “In no country in modern times,” as- Portland Oregon Journal, “Lave there been brought about in so brief a period s0 many measures involv- ing fundamental changes,” but the Journal feels that “a great navigator is at the wheel of the American ship of state.” The Salt Lake Deseret News makes the suggestion: “Will it be nec- nently with unusual powers? depend largely on whether our rate of change continues as rapidly as it has done during the last 14 years. When societies reach equilibrium, such as China seems to have done during the centuries, they can deliberate as long as they please, but when they are in a swift-moving current of events, they quire concentrated executive authorit! Vital need of leadership in the vari- ocus branches of the work is emphasized by the San Francisco Chronicle. The Chicago Deily News states: “The Presi- dent demonstrated political leadership end sagacity of & high order. It re- mains for him to show administrative capacity of equal merit in applying the 10 | immence powers newly intrusted to him. That supreme test will decide the ver- dict of history upon his term of office, which has begun so dramatically and so auspiclously.” President Roosevelt's instincts as & conservative are recognized by the Des Moines_Register, and the New Orleans Times-Picayune sees confidence that he will use “wise discretion.” The Atlantas Journal advises that “the country may well take courage and go forward.” The Pasadena Star-News sees in the Presi- dent ‘“constructive courage which is typically Americal The Newark Eve- ning News says: “The newspapers daily record advancing employment, reviving industry, improving prices, expanding buying power, reflected in such basic mirrors as steel's production index and the automotive industry's output. What « difference three and a half months have made e “The Good Old Days.” Prom the Omaha World-Herald. The death in Council Bluffs, at the age of 90, of Thomas R. Owen, reminds us how few are left of the men and women ""12 c:‘lix‘q\lereld“ the West. ml‘l; had experienc perhaps, more his share of the hazards and hardships of that conquest, and so his life epito- mized. in & way, the lives of the many who cut loose from the security of the older civilization of the Atlantic Sea- board, to dare the perils of colonizing the country west of the Mississippl. ‘When one reads that Thomas Owen ferried the Mormon emigrants across the Missouri st Florence, the mind en- visions the trek of those religious de- votees over the plairs, and their re- markable success in their new land of Canaan mnear the Great ) Colorado, and there survived a massacre by the Indians of & c ny of whites at burg. He 1 ited back and forth across the plains in the days before the railroads, and knew the long days and nights of the toilsome journey. must have enjoyed the declining years of his life, when he could see thris cities on the plains where he only coyote, buffalo and redskin when fertile farms of tion fulfilled the hope “of the venture- some homesteaders who first set plow to ssland. Mn’n those early pioneers are gone; even their children are no I numerous, and the third £ the real com-| JULY 1, 1933. 4 THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAR G. BOWERMAN. . By R. Mc- deiphia; J. B Letizia Buonaparte was a woman of strong character and insistent ambi- tions, not an average woman, but biog- | raphers would not be writing books about her had she not produced one son, among her numerous children, who shook the whole world. To that son, after she was left & widow with eight minor children and a small patrimony, she came to pin all her hopes. His successes, which came early, caused her exultation and she was always the goad which impelled him to promote the family interests, both financially and in terms of ambition. Her attitude to her famous son, even after he be- came Emperor, was not one of ungues- tioning devotion. She was as furious over his marriage with Josephine de Beauharnais as any ordinary mother would be over the marriage of her son with a woman of Josephine's past. There were frequent disagreements b-tween mother and son; efforts on her j.-rt to secure advantages and honors which he refused, efforts on his part to shake off her influence, while he was always bound to her by the tradition of family | solidarity, real affection, and the recog- nition of what he owed to his heredity from her and to her early influence. He #ald of her: “My mother was born to govern a state.” But he did not want her to govern his state for him, In spite of thelr quarrels, she was always his admired mother and he was always her almost divine son. the Emperor. 8he said of him: “At least & hundred years must pass away before the Em- peror can be understood. * * * I would rather be the mother of Napoleon than the greatest queen on earth.” His sufferings at St. Helena caused her the greatest anguish she exhausted her energies in trying to obtain release for him. At his death, she claimed his ashes from Lord Casterleigh. Al- ways thrifty and afraid of poverty, she had amassed savings to a considerabie amount, and after Napoleon's death she | refused all demands of her other chil- dren for financial assisfance and Went on saving—saving for Napoleon's san. the Duke of Reichstadt, whom she al called Napoleon II. Mr. Wilson written a good popular stud: NAPOLEON'S M( Nair Wilson. s of a cal characteristics of the Corsican peas- ant woman with some of unusual great- ness.- Of necessity, he has included ‘much of the history of the Napoleonic era and sketches of other members of the Bonapart family. He has digressed unnecessarily into the question of the divine right of kings. but that was a doctrine which excessively interested both Napoleon and Letizia. On her tomb are the words: “Mater Regum”— | mother of Kings. | SHORT-SELLING THE U. 8. A. An, Opinion in the Form of an Analysis { of the System of Short-Selling and | Its Influence in the Creation of the Depression. By . y | LL. B. Philadelphis ‘Winston Co. ‘The author, a member of the Phila. delphia bar, writes his diagnosis of the | short-selling disease in the form of a | conversation, in which a judge, a doctor | and a stockbroker discuss the ses and fallacies of short-selling, the meth- | |ods of unfair manipulation employed, | |and the insidiously disastrous results | The jude does most of the talking and ' | does it very well. His doctor friend has | | lost heavily in the market defiation, fo! being absorbed in his profession, he has ' |been one of the lambs. The stock: { broker friend admits sheepishly that he | has had his losses also, In spite of in- side knowledge of the market. The| volume of conversation is packed 'llh] words of wisdom on all the forms of | | market trickery, as well as the short- selling form. The judge-says, among ' other things: “By the manipulation of stocks downward through the means of | short selling, with an accompanying | dissemination of bearish reports as to | | their condition. a two-fold profit is "lrequenuy realized: that gained by the | short sale on the trip down, which, | | after a covering of the short sale and an additional purchase of the stocks, | followed by glamorous accounts as to their then favorable outlook, is dupli. | j cated on the trip up to the point of | starting. ‘This is & personally conduct- | ed round-trip excursion, productive of much satisfaction to the managers of the tour.” The whole book is worth | the attention of any one 2 market tip, ht a on a margin, or sold one short, and the last 10 pages compress into maxim | form a number of “becauses.” the rea- sons why short selling should be en- tirely abolished. The first of these is: ‘Because it condones the selling of something which the seller does not own, and which he, consequently, in the eyes of the law, should not be entitled to sell.” The next to the last is: “Be- cause it is a continual menace to the peace, progress and prosperity of the country, and of its citizens who have 80 liberally supported its security mar. kets and who deserve as full a protec- tion as can be accorded them.” Mr. Bruner concludes: “Many othet coun- tries, including some of the large ones, as England, France, Italy and Germany, have seen the evils of short selling and have either temporarily or perm#énently prohibited it. It would appear that the United States would greatly profit by a like elimination of short selling, and for the future good of all, the; peace | and contentment of its citizens and its own progress and prosperity, suth an enactment, either by Wall street.or b) ‘Washington, is to be sincerely desired.’ CAREERS AHEAD. By Joseph Cottler and Harold Brecht. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. ‘The authors of this book of vocg- ering 60 occupations, are both English teachers in Central High School, Phila- delphia. Both appreciate the crisis in the life of a young person when he or she finishes school and faces the neces- sity of finding some means of earning & living—a congenial means if possible, but a disagreeable means if need be. They believe that in the interest of sane psychology the way in which any one earns a living should be a way of happiness. Their book is written in the form of conversations among young people and between young people and older ones who are telling them about different vocations. Section I discusses vocations for the mechanically minded, Section II for the artistically minded, Section IIT for those who wish to work with people, and Section IV for nature lovers. Under these divisions much practical information is given concern- ing various forms of work with wood and metals, mechanics, engineering, printing. dentistry, medicine. dietetics, dressmaking, decorating, commercial art, journalism, teaching, social work, librarianship, the law, mer- try and many of the vocational sub- divisions of these occupations. This should be a suggestive book for young people and their parents. THE NEGRO IN AMERICA. Reading With a Purpose Pamphlet No. 68. By Alain Locke. Chicago: American Library Association. ‘The object of the American Library Association beoklets on subjects of cur- rent economic, scientific, historical, po- litical and literary interest is to en- coursge purposeful reading which shall promote adult education. The subject of this booklet “there is & was chosen because interest in the American Negro as an individual, as & k:zl:‘v‘v I as & contributor to America: i 4 10-11; . D. is at present profes- at Howard University. own discussion of the i3 » a 4 | ; ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]J. HASKIN. Many readers send in questions “|signed only with initials, asking that |1 the answers appear in the newspaper. | The space is limited and would not ac- commodate a fraction of such requests. | The answers published are ones that | may interest many readers, rather than | the one who asks the question only. All questions should be accompanied by | the writer's name and address and | three cents in coin or stamps for reply. Do not use postcards. Send your ques- | tion to The Evening Star Information | Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, | ‘Washington, D. C. i | Q. How many States have slogans on | their automobile license tags>—N. 8. | A. Five States decorate their license plates beyound the regulation letters | and numbers. South Carolina plates | bear the slogan, Todine Products State Pennsylvania, ~Keystone; Louisiana, | Pelican; Texas, Lone Star, and Mon: tana has an outline of the State on the tags, | Q. Is it possible for visitors to see the houses of Congress during recess? | —P. E P. | alleries of the Senate and | resentatives are open to' Congress is not | House of the public, even though i gession. How much has the extent of In- dian lands changed in the past 40 or 50 years?—A. 8. A. They have been cut ‘down from 133,000,000 acres in 1887 to 46,000,000 acres toda; Q. How many florists are there the United States?—E. F. B. A. There are about 9,400 doing 2 business of $177.488,000 a year. There are about 18,000 greenhouses. Many of the greenhouses and florist shops are owned by the same proprietors. Q. Who started the first joke?—J. F. S. A. It is impossible to say with any degree of certainty who started the first practical joke. Dr. L’Estrange in | his history of English Humour says in his chapter on ancient humour that the pleasure found in hostile laughter soon led to practical jokes. They were an- clently very common and formed the first link between humour and the ludicrous. The first character in the records of antiquity that seems to have had anything quaint or droll about it is that of Samson. He was fond of making very sanguinary “sport for the | Philistines” It is said that ‘“he caught three hundred foxes, and took fire-brands, and turned tail to tail, and | n in brands on fire, he let them go into the standing corn of the Philistines, and burnt up both the shocks and also the standing corn of the Philistines, with the vineyards and olives.” On another occasion he allowed himself to be bound with cords, and thus apparently delivered powerless into the hands of is enemies. He then broke his bonds like flax that was burmt with fire” nd taking the jaw bone of an ass slew a thousand men with it. How many foreign countries do not have a death penalty for murder? L. —A. L. A. Twenty-five foreign countries do not have the death penaity. Eight States in the Uni States have abolished the death penalty. Q. Has a Negro ever run for President or Vl;: President of the United States? A. The only candidate for such office has been James W. Ford, who was the vice presidential candidate of the Com- munist party in 1932. Q. How many boys are entering West Pnlgt this year from Army exams?—C. A B. A. Twenty-five men from the Army practical at I;;ge will enter West Point on July Q. Why is a tailor’s smoothing iron called a goose?—G. F. D. A. A tailor's iron is called a goose because it originally resembled the neck of a goose. Its first use is recorded as from the French, 1606. Q. When was the Canadian North- west Mounted Police organized?—P. T. A. The Royal Northwest Mounted Po- lice was established in 1873. It then had 300 members. The name has been changed to the Royal Canadian Mount- ed Police and it now has 2,500 officers and men. Q. How many books are in the library of the Hebrew University on Mount Scopus?—W. 8. T. ’. About a quarter of a million vol- urfes, among which are valuable manu- scripts and incunabula. Q What ships are now on the ice p:gox off the Banks of Newfoundland? 8 A. At the present time they are the Gen. Greene and Champlain. Q. How long have picture frames been made?—M. A. A. Picture frames are of comparative- ly modern origin. There is no record of their existence earlier than the six- teenth century. Originally frames were made of wood or composition overlaid on wood. The introduction in the sev- enteenth century of larger sheets of | glass gave the art of frame-making |great impetus and in the eighteenth century the increased demand led to | the invention of a composition ‘which +could be readily molded into various patterns. Q. How long have there been inters national meetings of education associa- tions?—R. T. A. The first meeting of the World Federation of Education Assoclations was held in 1923 at San Francisco. The fifth biennial meeting will be held in Dublin, Ireland, July 29-August 4, 1933, Q. How large is where 1s it located?—F. L. M. A. Fort Thomas is a military consisting of a reservation of 280 acre: including a rifle range of 169 acres. 1§ is situated in Kentucky on s bluff overe looking the Ohio River. three miley from Newport, Ky. and four mileq from Cincinnati, Ohio. Q. Who was the first woman % bee come a typist?—J. F. ‘A. Mrs. Charles L. Portier claims distinction. She is the dsughter Christopher Latham Sholes, the | ventor of the typewriter. His model was completed in 1366. | Fortier is now almost 80 years old, Q. Was there actually & race of peoe ple known as the Asra’>—E. C. A. The Asra, the 'm by Heine, refers to a endary race people who, when they love, perish. N such race is known actuslly to _have existed. The legend is of Scandinavian origin. Q. At the beginning of this century what percentage of the population of Germany, Austria and Hungary was Jewish?—H. A. A. In Germany, 01.04 per cent; Aus- tria, 04.80; Hungary, 04.43. Q. Is any issue of Liberty bonds now Deing called? When called, is just the face value paid>—W. T. A. No Liberty bonds are mow being ! called fgr. When a call is issued for Liberty bonds the face value of the bonds is paid together with the in- terest up to the time the call was mac Q. Why do bananas turn dark whcn placed in a refrigerator>—C. M. A. Cold turns bananas dark. Even in the Summer bananas should nct be kept in a refrigerator. High Lights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands E SOIR. Brussels—The art of keeping silence, most unfortu- nately, is the least explored by those who need its amenities the most! The persistent chat- ter and the vulgar guffaw are most prevalent and loudest where the mind is vacant and sensibility unknown. Nevertheless, in our era, a saving in- fluence is gradually having its happy effects and, though the coarse and blatant dolt is by no means extinct. he is at least I ing to vociferate with better grammar, and in more in- timate rapport with the enunciation of the academy. | another way to evidence our profound Teverence for the father. It is appropri- |ate that we should thus perpetuate | among all our people thoughts of his Leroic life and death.” * x ox Austrian Musicians | Criticized for Strike. | _ Neues Wiener Abendblatt. Vienna — | With retrospect toward the declarations | of the states minister, Dr. Rintelen, at | the meeting recently held in Vienna be- tween a committee of striking musicians and music dealers in the Steiermark | (Styria) and representatives of the Com~ The ublquity of the microphone is|Posers’ Guild (“Autorengesellschaft”), to be credited with this amelioration | kotel proprietors and coffee house oper- s0 felicitous. The inflections of these | ators have accepted whole-heartedly the perpetual disputations are now correct, | theory that they have the right to fur- and we are, at least, no longer tor- |Rish their own music without employing mented with solecisms in speech as|OF even consulting the local chapter of well as with inanities of thought. |the Styrian Musicians’ Union While these babblers know as little | Unless the strike of the “musikers” of orthography and syntax as they|8nd their friends, ‘the directors, and ever did, which is to say, nothing. they | the dealers in sheet music is called off possess the consolatory ingenuity of |2t hour 18 tonight. the proprietors of | being able to repeat without much | establishments where orchestral strains | deviation portions of the more signifi- | 8re the expected accompaniment of e: cant and seasonable outpourings of the |irg and similar diversions will be per- | radio. Formerly this coterie selected mMitted to engage non-union talent. for its interminable declamations the | The strike was occasioned, as will be | longest words they could find upon remembered. by the attempt to main- the printed page, ignorant, for the fain the prices for the producers of most part, of thelr meaning and caring | CeTtain composers at what was consid- | less for their propriety in vocal repe- | €red too high a level at a time of gen- tional guidance for boys and girls, cov- | chandising, advertising, farming, fores- | P - | sonally it is a great ha tition. It will be long before the chatterbox is & species extinct, but in the mean. time we are grateful that he will jar less upon our ears, in that he in- geniously, and we grant with a certain aptitude, mimics, though at time irra- tionally, the eloquence of professors and the savants! Next to silence, an idea well and punctiliously expressed will always be preferred to the crack- ling of thorns beneath a pot! * % k% Stamp to Honor Doumer’s Memory. Le about this time, we offered M. Louls Rollin, then minister of the P. T. T. (Post-Telephone-Telegraph) a sugges- tion. “Why,” we ed, “does not your administration issue a stamp in honor of Paul Doumer?” The minister showed & lively interest and promised to proceed with the idea at once. And 50 a postage stamp, bearing the por- trait of the martyred President, will appear in 1933, It was M. Rollin’s original intention to make this a purely temporary issue, valid for but one month, and commemorative of the na- tional grief. The limited time ap- inted, for its use would emphasize its exceptional character. However, when we called yesterday upon M. Laurent-Eynac, who superseded M. Rollin in the ministry of the P. T. T., be told us that it had been decided to give a new direction to the project. “Not only do I heartily approve of the suggestion of Le Matin,” he said, “but we are convinced that the Paul- Doumer stamp would not have a tran- sitory vogue. We will devise for it a conventional design, in harmony with the current usage, and make it avail- able for unlimited usage. We owe this homage and devotion to the great Frenchman who became the victim of his high office. Both as President and in private life, as an upright citizen and exemplary father of a family, he was the typical representation of the best of our race, and 1t will do us good to keep his face and memory continually be- fore us. “I should remind you, while we are thus discussing the matter, that of the four sons of the lamented ident of the republic three lost their lives in war- time catastrophes of aviation. It was in commemoration of these epochal tragedies and rare sacrifice that, while minister of the air, I named one of the study halls in the Ecole Superieure d’Aeronautique the ‘Salle Doumer.’ Per- and privilege Matin. Paris—Last year, just| | eral decline in the wages and receipts both of the players and the resort D'g'!* | ers. The managers of concert halls aiso Lopposed the stiff rates charged for scores and held a separate meeting of protest. ’The union musicians were willing to pay | the old charges only on condition that | thelr lately accepted reductions in pay | were rescinded. | Popular-Priced U. S. Bond. | From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletfn. | If the program of financing for the $3.300,000,000 public works plan in- cludes, as now intended. baby bonds of | denominations as low as $20, the le will have an opportunity never before |offered. Liberty bonds could be had in $50 denominations, the smallest ever is- sued by the Treasury. The nearest ap- proach to the proposed $20 bond was the war saving certificate, aich, though not of the character of a bond, was a Government obligation bearing | interest after the 25-cent stamps added |to $5. There is a $40 Federal Land |Bank bond, an obligation closely allied to Government finance but.not classi- s;ddu a United States Government n In 1920 the French Government fs- sued bonds on two internal loan issues {in_denominations of 100 francs and | multiples of 100. The smallest of these | bonds were of a value only a little higher than the $20 baby bonds planned for |the public works financing, but the | French people invested heavily in them and helped set the finances of France in _‘%rder. ere are many angles to the pro- posed popular financing of the p\?bnc works program and two of special in- terest to individuals who have available cash of $20 to $100, but without cash Teserves of ordinary investment size. They can invest in Government bonds, and can participate in the financing of a program intended to carry them and their countrymen toward better days. They can invest In a prosperity fund created for their own general welfarw, and draw interest on their investment. —_— e Agreed to Recess. | Prom the Indianapolis News. The Geneva Arms Conference did about the only thing that it is able to agree on, and took & recess. Down East Indwageg Prom the Lowell Evening Lej ving zwrhml f the muy Dow .*WO-