Evening Star Newspaper, March 20, 1933, Page 8

A—S8 THE EVENING STAR — With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY........March 20, 1933 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 1th_8t. and 1 nnsylve New York Office: 110 Ea: Chicago Office: Lake Mich Buropean Office: 14 Regent ngland. Carrier Within Star..... fa_Ave. 43nd 8t. Building. » London, Rate by the City. 45¢ per month 60c per month !B; per month made at the end of e § ders may be sent in by mail or telephone Ational 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 8¢ $6.00: 1 mo., 80c $4.00; 1 mo., 40¢c All Other States and Canada. day...1yr, $12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 y $8.00; 1mo., 175¢ aily $5.00; 1mo. 50c junday only’ in this paper and also th §I:gll‘,r‘xed herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. — - £ biaitaasl b The Mussolini Pact. Europe faces today yet another proj- eot for the maintenance of peace in that nerve-racked and embittered region of the world. It is the out- growth of the visit of Prime Minister MacDonald to Rome, but the product of Premier Mussolini. Spurred by re- cent threats and rumbles of war on the oontinent, Il Duce comes forward with & proposal for a four-power pact be- tween Great Britain, France, Italy and Germany, which is conceived “in the spirit of the Kellogg pact and the no- force declaration.” The underlying pur- pose is to bring about “an understand- ing on larger political questions, with the object of securing the collabora- tlon of the four Western powers in an effort to promote a long period of peace for Europe and the world.” Having laid the foundations of this new Locarno, Messrs. MacDonald and Mussolini will submit the plan to Premier Daladier of France and Chan- ocellor Hitler of Germany in the hope of the eventual adhesion of those gov- ernments to this practical scheme for keeping the war dogs of Europe in Jeash. Messrs. Daladier and Hitler may be invited to Rome for & series of per- | sonal conversations such as those be- | tween the British and Italian leaders, which paved the way to the present enterprise. Details are lacking. So far only the | broad, general outlines are available. But if, as apparently well-informed dispatches from Rome already indicate, Versallles treaty revision is the kernel of the “Mussolini pact,” a good deal of water is destined to ripple beneath the bridges of the Tiber and the Seine be- fore the new European deal will emerge into the sphere of actuality. Signor | Mussolini is an avowed revisionist. So ds Chancellor Hitler. Prime Minister MacDonald has sympathetic leanings in the same direction. He said at Geneva | last week that until Germany is gliven | “justice.” peace cannot be considered to be fortified. Germany’s stake in re- vising the Versaflles treaty is, of course, paramount. Unofficial intimations credit the au- thor of the “Mussolin! pact” with seek- ing, sbove all, to strengthen the ma- chinery for juridical or arbitral settle- ment of international disputes and for “revising those clauses of existing treaties that experience shows have been particularly resented by the na- tions defeated in the World War, be- cause these provisions have placed them in a position of material or moral in- feriority in regard to their neighbors.” These suggestions are supplemented by | an expression of belief that “if the most glaring injustices in existing treaties could be removed, the present ani- | mosities would soon subside and re- | duction of armaments follow as a natural consequence.” These are sclf-evident truths. The | trouble has been that the interested | powers are loathe to recognize them and, drawing the logical conclusions, mold their policies accordingly. The Mussolini plan has the merit of meet- ing the issue face to face. The re- sentments left behind by the World War peace treaties are responsible for keeping Europe a powder-barrel. It will remain such until the explosive in- gredients in the situation are removed. T Duce will have assured himself even a greater degree of immortality than is already guaranteed the creator of Fascism if the initiative he has just taken leads to the far-reaching results he centemplates. But as a realist, he must be conscious that an issue like the Polish Corridor cannot be brushed aside over night, or that traditional Prench suspicions of Germany are to be allayed by any magical process, with a triumphant and truculent Hitler dictatorship enthroned at Berlin. As the leader of the anti-revision group, France holds the key. Lausanne | is here to show the world that the reparations clause of the Versailles | treaty did not prove to be sacrosanct. | Is it too much to hope that other por- tions of that once supposedly im- | pregnable and untouchable covenant may not also yield to a major opera- tion? Prime Minister MacDonald says | that Europe must “organize peace” If | she wants it. The “Mussolini pact” points the way. | vaoe—t— ! A hurry call for a conservator of the banks of the Ohio River is sounded, but nature may have a veto power over any | sdministrative action. oo Solstice. Today is the last of Winter. At 8:43 o'clock this evening Spring will corne} around the corner of the calendar, and | for three months the northern latitudes of the earth will be blessed with a| brightening sun moving from the Equa- | tor toward the Pole. It is traditional | that the event should be marked by a heavy downpour cf rain. But not even | & veritable flood of celestial tears is competent to affect the joy of mankind | st the moment. The human spirit de- lights in such an occasion. Of course, It is entirely theoretical. It marks no real, true, authentic departure point in mundane history, but the children of earth are prone to regard it in that light, and in this fashion, arbitrarily perhaps, they give it the significance | which they imagine actually pertains to it. | ‘Winter, the philosopher charitably believes, is not without defense, but it /\ | of brewer and politician, followed by | effort to unite the forces of beer and | eighteenth amendment will heave a | disfavor on the proposal to amend the | facture and sale of beer, pending the | has few defenders. Commonly, it i hated and feared. The average person dreads its approach and resents its ar- rival. That is why its departure is celebrated with cheers, expressed or un- expressed. The Winter of 1932-1933 particularly has been disliked. It has been a hard time, s bitter and trying time, and, people, therefore, are doubly happy that it is approximately over. Few, indeed, are they who will mourn its termination. But Spring symbolizes the general aspiration for a new chance, a new op- portunity. It is fundamentally charac- teristic of men and women that they should want freedom to begin all over again, to make & new and unencum- bered start toward their several goals of life—fame, fortune, success. The little Itallan boy in Thomas Augustine Daly's poem represents the whole far- flung race in his longing for the vernal period of rebirth. So it is that the Spring solstice is hailed with joy, greeted with enthu- siasm. It may not mean the solution of ell the problems of humanity. It may not mean release from worry and stress, heartache and sorrow. But it signifies this much at least—that the weather may be more congenial. For the poor, especially, Spring denotes a mitigation of suffering. And since economic stringency is & general con- dition just now, since at present all Americans are acquainted with its phenomena, this Spring above all its predecessors of recent times is raptur- ously welcome. —————————— On Trial. Final action by the Congress on the beer bill, permitting the manufacture and sale of that beverage provided it contains no more than 3.05 per cent alcohol by weight, or 3.2 per cent, de- pending upon the adjustment of dif- ferences between the Senate and House, is expected not later than tomorrow.| President Roosevelt will sign the beer | bill, it is predicted. Last week he sent a message to Congress urging the pes- sage of such legislation. When the measure becomes law it will be up to the States to provide regulations for the sale and distribution of the beverage. In a large measure, the liquor business will be on trial after twelve years of national prohibition. If the brewers and the politiclans join forces again and undertake to operate the retailing of beer as it was cberated before national prohibition was voted, the drys will have, indeed, the weepon for which they are search- ing to defeat repeal of the eighteenth amendment. It was that combination i the domination of politics and Gov- ernment in many localities by the liquor traffic, that really brought about national prohibiticn. The liquor traffic, largely through the greediness of the brewers who sought to establish a saloon on every corner and in the| middle of the block, was not content | to remain within confines. It sought | to run the country. In no State will the conduct of the | manufacture and sale of the proposed | beer be more closely watched than in New York. Already there have been indications that there would be an politics. The fear has been expressed that once more the licensing of beer saloons would become a mere polltlcll; function, with Tammany in New York City holding the reins. Fortunately, Gov. Lehman of New York has different ideas about the matter. He will insist, it is reported, that the legislation for the regulation and control of the sale of beer shall divorce the issuance of licenses from politics. If he is suc- cessful in this, the opponents of the sigh of relief. Many of the wets have looked with Volstead act 8o as to permit the manu- repeal of the eighteenth amendment. They have feared that it might lead to an orgy; that it might give their cause such a black eye that national prohibi- tion would be clamped down more firmly than ever. These wets are not inclined to give either the brewers or the politicians their heads in this mat- ter of licensing the retail sale of beer. Fifteen days after the beer bill be- comes law the new statute will be fully operative. In more than a score of States the manufacture and sale of the proposed beer will be under way. It is true that the heads of some of the dry organizations are planning to force the matter into the courts if they can and enjoin the manufacture and sale of the beer. But the legal forces on the other side will be no less active. The country, therefore, is likely to have a demonstration of the sale and con- sumption of legalized beer on a large scale within a very short time. Surely the beer traffic—and the wets and their cause—will be on trial. ——o—s China’s deadline against Japan's military movements south of the Great ‘Wall appears to be of a somewhat flex- ible character. ———— The Hall of Fame. A plan has been framed to relieve the congestion in Statuary Hall, in the Capitol. The effigies of representatives of the States are to be removed from the semi-circular chamber, once the meeting place of the House of Repre- centatives, where they are now in a confused arrangement and in such a mass.as to menace the foundations, to the long corridor on the ground floor which runs from one end of the build- ing to the other. They are to go into niches, presumably suitably illuminated, and so placed that the units of State pairs will be opposite one another, This plan has the merit of orderli- ness, which is now absent in the old hall of the House. It will permit a consecutive rather than a jumbled sur- vey of the statues. However, it is to be viewed as a makeshift in that it will not accord with the ideal of a veritable “hall of fame.” Perhaps some day pro- vision will be made for a true temple of American statesmanship, a structure apart from all others and commanding in design and convenient in location. Statuary Hall has been styled a “chamber of horrors” by some critics of the varying styles of sculpture there displayed. There has never been a standard of size or manner of repre- sentation. Some of the effigies are of life size, while others are of heroic pro- portions. The contrasts are conspicuous and in some cases to the serious dis- advantage of works of genuine art. The THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, MARCH. 20, 1988. THIS AND THAT materials used, also, are variant, adding to the confusion. Probably none of the statues now standing will ever be “scrapped,” to be replaced to others more suitable to such & collection. State pride is a powerful factor for the preservation of the col- lection as it stands. Reopening of the choice of subjects would doubtless lead to numerous replacements, which would give a totally different aspect to the gallery of American notables. From the point of view of American history such a shifting of identities would be unwelcome, whatever might be the gain in artistic quality. e — Swift Justice. Zangara, the assassin of Mayor Cer- mak and intended assassin of Presi- dent Roosevelt, paid the penalty of his crime this morning at Ralford, Ma., Just a few hours less than five weeks from the commission of the wanton act. Had his victim died at once this wretched man would probably have Jbeen executed more speedily. There was no uncertainty as to the eircum- stances, and no factor conducive to de- lay entered into the consideration of the charge against him. There was no “defense” in a legal sense, or other- wise. It is to be hoped that this swift punishment will have a wholesome ef- fect. The law's delays have unques- tionably contributed to crime in this country. Usually many months elapse between a slaying and its final retri- bution. The right of an accused person to a fair trial, with every possible chance to establish his innocence, has been grossly abused, with the result of long protracted hearings, numerous ap- Ppeals and postponements while the com- plexities of the law have been unraveled, with the expiation separated from the act to such an extent that the terror of death, which is the fundamental Teason for the extreme penalty for the taking of human life, is lessened in the minds of those who should be warned effectively against homicide. Zangara was évidently deranged, but that fact did not for & moment justify in the public mind any abatement of penalty. He represented, furthermore, a gravely dangerous state of mind on the part of numerous people. The sum- mary execution of the law in his case should have a deterrent effect upon them, especially as there was at no time any manifestation of public sym- pathy for or support of him in his wicked deed. ————— Police Chief Mulrooney of Greater New York reports eleven fewer murders last year than in 1931, and some further consolation is derived from the fact that many of those committed were by and of gangsters, suggesting that crime may be in the way of end- ing ftself. ——————— Chief Curry, standing hat in hand before Patronage Dispenser Farley, ask- ing for indorsements of faithful ‘Tam- manyites for Federal jobs, suggests a design for a “clvic virtue” statue to replace the one now standing before City Hall in Manhattan. s Youthful students of history are somewhat discouraged by the announce- ment of the discovery of traces of or- ganized human existence in India 50,- 000 vears before the Christian era. Just & casé of a lot more of new dates to memorize. — Congress has an opportunity to carry on with the Government economy pro- gram by cutting off the “leave to print” | that has made the Congressional Record one of the most expensive as well as one of the dullest of American periodi. cals. ——————— Reminders present themselves in various ways that railroads were nat- urally meant to serve as carriers and not as a chess board where big games for high stakes were financed with | other people’s money. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNBEON. From Fancy to Fact. A man’s imagination may Suggest a lot of things. He'd like to be a bird one day And soar on joyous wings. To be as peaceful as a dove He seeks, so we are told. Sometimes he’ll ask all things above To be a lion bold. He longs to swim just like a fish, To run just like a deer. Unto zoology his wish In fancy still draws near. And s0 he plods and minds his biz Or kicks against the rule, And at the finish finds he is Just an ordinary mule. Comfortable. “Don’t you sometimes regret your lost opportunities?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “To tell you the honest truth, in look- ing over my ledger I don’t discover very many lost opportunities. Jud Tunkins says the affection of a dog for a man is beautiful.and it’s a shame the way many a person fools the dog. The Law of Averages. Every worker will find ‘That Fate is unkind; That to mournful extremes she still bears him. Man must either be blue ‘With nothing to do, Or else have so much that it scares him. Why She Remains, “And you have had the same servant for two years?” “Yes,” replied Mr. Crosslots. “She says she doesn’y believe in changing after she has gone to the trouble of teaching a family her ways.” What makes some men popular is the fact that they haven't any opinions and can conscientiously agree with everybody. Of No Consequence. “There are bacilli in a kiss!” Exclaims the sage, suspicious; But microbes in a case like this Are really delicious. “De man dat says dar ain’t no sech thing as luck,” said Uncle Eben, “is de kind of man dat takes credit foh mental superiority when he ketches de | the most fish.” BY CHARLES ‘There are few hobbles in which that manifestation of human na- ture, the self-sufficiency of the ama- teur, is more manifest than in the hmmgosmumwmumm lome. Persons who know nothing whatever about this fine indoor neverthe- less start off with a purchase of the They rush in where angels might fear to tread. They “think they know it all,” when rut experience in other lines should lead them to suspect that here, as else- where, some special knowledge is necessary. Perhaps the old-time fish bowl is primarily responsible for this unhappy state of affairs, which works itself out, all too often, in sick, dying pets, and disappointed beginners. Every one has seen a few goldfish in a bowl or small rectangular aquarium. Aside from eternally mpln&tror air at the surface of the water, fishes seemed, and certainly to the chance spectator, to be very easy to keep. “Why, all you have to do is feed ‘em & tiny bit of food once a day,” said the proud owner. He did not tell the observer that he had to change the water in the tank every day, although the books said a “balanced lflunlum" ought never to require the addition of fresh water ex- ce;':‘td to replace that which had evapo- raf Nor did he mention the slight fact that already two of his shiny inmates had died, and had had to be replaced with new. The goldfish bowl, in other words, has given thousands of persons the idea that there is absolutely no need for either experience or intelligence in the froper handling of the home aquarium, even when it contains the beautiful small “tropicals,” which, as their popular name connotes, mostly come from the warm waters of strange lands. Forethought or experience—one or | the other—is necessary here, as else- where. In the realm of fish culture, home va- riety, there is no substitute for one or both of these. If it isn’t & bit of previously acquired knowledge one uses, it will be experience which teaches one how to care for these little fellows. Experience is perhaps the best teach- er, but it is tough on the fishes. By the time the intending fish cul- turist learns how to handle them, he | has lost several or all of his charges. But by the time this has happened | he has worked up a reasonable amount | means that he sorrows at their un-| | timely demise. i | " Right here some may say, “How can any one sorrow over a fish?” | Such a remark would show either one | of two things, that the maker did not | love Nature or that he was unacquaint- | ed with the so-called “tropicals.” | It is impossible, with the best will in | | th= world, to genuinely sorrow over fish, either in sickness or death, unless one has a real liking for the things of Na- | ture, an interest which enters into the | individual as well as into the race. and | which, therefore, counts the specimen | | of importance in itself. A fish is no more worthless in the eyes of those who revere Nature than any other created thing. Indeed, it may happen to be. as in the case of Ptherophyllum scalare (the popular “angel” fish), a very worthy animal, | | filled with intelligence. whose red-rim- | med eyes look out keenly at & passing | world different from its own, but which. with its very small brain, it nevertheless tries its finny best to understand. ' His farm bill promises to provide the | acid test of President Roosevelt's po- | litical leadership. Hitherto everything he has proposed was assured of ap- proval practically in advance. He had but to ask to receive. Emergency bank- ing legislation, economy, beer—all those things were smooth sailing compared to the rough seas the administration will have to plow through before its| plan for agricultural relief is safe in | harbor. The opposition clans are | | gathering on Capitol Hill and sharpen- | ing their knives. Their voices will be | | raised in both House and Senate as scon | as opportunity offers. Eastern big busi- | | ness has already signaled its dislike of | | a measure which so frankiy favors the country element at the expence of the town element. There will be long lfld} loud lamentations over the threatened | increase in the cost of living, especially food prices, seen to be inevitable when the “processors” of farm produce pass along to consumers the taxes to be ex- torted from the processors for financing | the “socialistic” relief program. Even | President Roosevelt's candid uncertainty | as to its Worl.lbflityulnd );gb pr;s)mlse u: | report failure, if failure there is, aren’ likpe(;y to stem the tide of cnnnmkynlll hostility. Senator Robinton, Demo- cratic majority leader, forecasts whole- sale amendment of the measure, but | believes it will not be ‘emasculated.” All signs indicate that F. D. R. is on the threshold of a knockdown 2nd drag- out with the other end of Pennsylvania avenue. Meantime, Democratic patron- age remains undistributed. * x % % Before long, if not immediately, a behind-the-scenes battle royal will be waged at the White*House on the ques- tion of recognition for Soviet Russia. Despite circumstantial assurances that President Roosevelt favors recognition, nothing publicly said or done warrants the belief that he is ready to break the | boycott of the Communist government at Moscow, which four Presidents before him have consistently maintained. Ar- rival in Washington of former Gov. Phil La Follette of Wisconsin seems to have breathed fresh life into the recognition rumors. Some say La Follette recently visited Russia as a Roosevelt emissary. It’s probable that one of the President’s close advisers on Russia is the member of his 1932 campaign “brain trust,” Prof. Rex G. Tugwell of Columbia Uni- versity, who was recently appointed As- sistant Secretary of Agriculture. Dr. ‘Tugwell edited a volume of studies en- titled Decade,” published in 1928 by & group of American economists. The Assistant Secretary of Agriculture is a leading fac- tor in the Roosevelt reforestation plan— “Trees, Just Trees,” as it's being dubbed. He is a stalwart youngster of 42, was graduated from the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania and joined the Co- lumbia faculty in 1922. * X Xk Senator Carter Glass has been con- fined to his hotel residential apartment for more than a week, but declines to shut himself off from public business. To his quarters flows as steady a stream of official visitors as his doctors will permit. Secretary of the Treasury Woo- din, Undersecretary Ballantine, Acting Controller of the Currency Awalt and House Banking Committee Chairman Steagall have been among the Virginian's recent callers. The White House is hope- ful that Glass will soon be himself again. He is regarded s tower of ad- ministration m:ngth m‘me Senate. * This observer awards the season’s blue ribbon for timely epigrams to Walker S. Buel, Washington correspondent of the Cleveland Plain Dealer. “The evidence of & democracy’s ability to function,” he says, “is the celerity with which it ab- dicates.” Mr. Buel is one of the Grid- iron Club’s librettist-bards and respon- sible for some of its wittiest barbs and ballads. * kX% It was of record at the time—the wee sma’ hours of Inauguration day, when the banking crisis was just around corner—that the Federal Board, in an all-night sitting, had difi- “Soviet Russia in the Second Los TRACEWELL. Even the enthusiast will admit that it is difficult to work up many tears over the time-tried and trusy goldfish. It is only when one comes to the “tropicals,” with their. color, their varia- tion of structure, and In'fluunfi.k that sentiment enters the fish 3 ‘Then there may be an emotional re- action which is, in its small way, the counterpart in lttle of the same emo- tions on & larger scale. * K k% No one, admittedly, undertakes any sort of hobby for the of caus- ing himself sorrow and other creatures pain and extinction. Our best hobbies are mostly collec- tions, and the very gist of a collection is life. This is, of course, peculiarly true of e B ocllactumne! oe mnall| Rais: The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. The propriety of appointment of former Gov. John E. Erickson of Mon- tana to be Senator in place of the late Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana has been questioned by Judge John M. One establishes an aquarium for the | I urpose of providing pleasure and in- pum:wmmpnmmp‘ r human be- ings. To achieve this he must first estab- lish quarters for his charges which re- produce Nature well enough to take care of them. . Their tank must (we speak of tropi- cals) keep them warm, providing them with water at the correct temperature (no guessing), must supply them with plenty of oxygen, must contain at times sufficient food to kug them, not just alive, but in good health. Pish, plants, water, food, oxygen— these and other factors must balance themselves, so that nothing inimical one exists inhthe ho:her, hesiin ‘There are laws here, as everywl Nature, which must be obeyed, or the penalty is—death. Excuses will not do. Good intentions mean exactly noth- ing at all, unless they just happen to be right procedure. ‘The laws are pitiless. If they are obeyed, the fish are happy and their owner pleased; if disobeyed, the fish become alling, and die, and the owner frowns. Ignorance of the law cannot be plead here any m‘%;en‘ fl}ln 1':& a court of law. ‘The main or assume at the very beginning that, after all, he really does not know much about what he is undertaking, and that a knowledge of such matters as are here involved is not a part of every human being’s intuitive equipment. He, himself, may not happen to be blessed with & “knack.” He must be- ware, above all, the attitude which says that those who have acquired a little knowledge, no matter how they came by it, really cannot know much, be- cause really there is not much to know, after all. ‘There is a great deal to be learned of interest in his new pets, and this here, as elsewhere, and one must be | humble, not proud. Indeed, this seems t0 be the very beginning of wisdom, this realization of the amount to be learned in any branch of knowledge, no matter what it is. A slight contempt for a | given branch—how common it is, among human beings! Every one has heard the anecdote of the man who | replied. when asked if he could play the violin, that he did not know, as he had never tried. Few persons, how- ever, stop to realize that they ever place themselves in exactly the same shoes, by minimizing the hard-won knowledge of other human beings. The refusal to acknowledge that another person may know, after all, something providing for such election in 1913. %0 | Prior to that time Senators were elected by the State Legislatures. When the late Senator Knute Nelson of Minnesota died in 1923 there was talk of the resignation of the then Gov. Preus of Minnesota so0 that he might be appointed to fill the vacancy in the Senate. There was some correspol beginner 1s to | ¢ primaries to fill those vacancies. But none have adopted the course ot Senator-designate Erickson, at | since the beginning of the direct elec- | tions of Senators. When the late Sen- |ator Caraway of Arkansas died there | of the Governor of that State resigning and having himself appointed to fill the vacancy. But he appointed Mrs. Mrs. Caraway was later nominated and | elected to the Senate. * x x % ‘The death of the late Senator Howell of Nebraska, Republican, brings to the | Senate another Democrat—since the Gov- | ernor of Nebraska is a Democrat, the redoubtable “Charley” Bryan, Brother Charley. Gov. Bryan, if he has sena- | torial aspirations, might take a course | similar to that of former Gov. Erickson of Montana, resign and have himself appointed to the Semate. However, it has generally been expected that former Senator Gilbert M. Hitchcock would be | appointed to fill the Howell vacancy. Q or | shooter in A Harlan was discussion then as to the possibility | Carcway, the widow of the Senator, and | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Take advantsge of this free service. It you are one of the thousands who have patronized the Bureau, write us again. If you have never used the service, begin now. It is maintained for your benefit. Be sure to send your name and address with your question ‘Who was the champion marble 1932?—T. C. C. Corum of Louisville, Ky., won the national championship at Ocean Cify, N. J., July 1, 1932. Q. How many passengers can the ele- vator in the Washington Monument take up on one trip?—J. H. A. Its capacity is 35 passengers. The time of ascent to the 500-foot level is 1%, minutes. Q. How many places have been sug- | gested as the location of the Garden of Eden?—H. N. A. Over eighty have recelved consid- eration. Q. Why is a collection of maps called an atlas?—E. E. A. A book of maps has been given this tion because the figure of Atlas with the world on his back was employed by Mercator on the title page of his collection of maps in the six- teenth century. Q. How can automobile lamp re- :(ecwn be cleaned and polished? —H. A. Lamp reflectors should not be cleaned except when absolutely neces- sary, as they are often silver-plated and | easily spoiled. To clean reflectors use | | & very soft, clean cloth or powdered dry rouge and a chamois skin, without us- | ing pressure and rub in a circular mo- | tion. If a reflector becomes tarnished or scratched take it to a sflver-plater | and have it buffed. It cannot be prop- | erly polished in any other way. Q. How much land was put in wheat in 19312—J. P. C. A. The acreage of wheat under culti- vation in the United States in 1931 was approximately 55,000,000 acres. 5vemt speak first at Gettysburg?—R. ‘A. The Gettysburg speech of Presi- gent Lincoln's followed that of Edward 1 erett. Q. What is a Web press?—F. P. A. It is a printing machine which is automatically supplied with paper from a great roll or web. Web presses are usually rotary machines. They are employed in all large newspaper offices. Q. Of what word is “won’t” a con- traction?—N. D. A. It is a contraction of the middle | English words, woll not. | Q. Does the New York Zoo or the one | in Washington, D. C., cover the greater area’—P. P. G. A. The New York Zoo has 265 acres, while the National Zoological Park in | Washington has only 175. | @ —ik Il:llow long should a person swim? A. Fifteen minutes is long enough for | that one does not know. is very com- | Mr. Hitchcock also has been mentioned an average swim. Between 11 a.m. and mon: and whether it is met on the street or in the drawing room, in the arts, sclence, business, or literature, it is essentially the same self-sufficiency which foredooms tiny creatures to a few weeks of misery and ultimate death. We aim at the redemption of man, not fish, but we hope to save fishes, too. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. culty in reaching at his Washington home Gov. Gifford Pinchot of Penn- sylvanis. But the details are new. The board wanted him, along with the | Governors of New York and Illinols, to declare an instantaneous bank holi- day in their respective States. Tele- phone calls, poundings on his front door, wild ringing of the bell and other ordinary alarms having failed to drag Mr. Pinchot from the arms of Mor- pheus, it was decided to invoke the | services of the Washington Fire De- partment. Eventually a plece of ap- peratus with a screeching siren was sent to the Pinchot mansion, just off Scott Circle. After it had done its deafening stuff for about three minutes. the lanky gubernatorial figure appeared at a second-story window and asked | what the trouble was. He found out and five minutes later he was in tele- phonic communication with the Treas- ury Building. * Xk % Representative Charles V. Truax, Democratic member-at-large from Ohio, a new Congressman, is said to rehearse his House speeches while taking his morning bath. He has a sonorous voice and neighbors in adjoining hotel quarters claim they are frequently re- galed with his eloquence, of which the House has already had several samples. When he has wound up with & perora- tion that seems to satisfy him, the Buckeye statesman is accustomed to sign off with a song. By accident or design, one of his secretaries is teacher of expression and voice culture. * k% % Judge Clarence N. Goodwin of Chi- cago is now among the honorably men- tioned possibilities for the Attorney Generalship if and when President Roosevelt decides to relieve the incum- bent, Homer Cummings of Connecticut, who is slated to become Governor Ge! eral of the Philippines. Goodwin's aj pointment would give Illinois two cal net places, Secretary of the Interior Ickes holding the other, but the Chi- cago jurist has some strong backing for the portfolio. e the President, he's a New Yorker by birth and a Harvard man. Jus Goodwin has held various high judicial offices in Illinois and has a national reputation among the bench and bar. Washington is familiar terrain to him, because he has for years maintained offices and prac- ticed here. LR On the day Xollovlng earthquake in Southern California, the Angeles Times published the fac simile of a letter sent to it on March 3, predicting (1) that three nationally prominent men would die between that date and March 13; (2) that “Hell will break -out” between March 7 and 13; (3) that Los Angeles would be shaken by a great earthquake on one of three days, March 19, 20 or 21; (4) that the peak of the depression would. be reached on March 13, real adjustment would start to take place March 20, and com- plete readjustment be in effect by Sep- tember 10, 1933, and (5) that “A greater, happier future lies just before us.” Walsh, Howell and Cermak made prophecy No. 1 come true. The banking crisis verified No. 2. The Los Angeles earthquake happened nine days sooner than predicted, making No. 3 inaccurate only by anticipation. Two parts of No. 4 panned (or are about to pan) out. The rest of it and No. 5 are for the future to determine. LI Retention of Sanford Bates, Massa- chuseits Republican, as superintendent of Federal prisons, is ca the recent (Copyright, 1933.) —_———e————— In Style. Miami Herald. stabilized |as a possible appointee to a fore diplomatic post. Arthur Mullen, Denllgo? braska and exceedingly active during the Roosevelt campaign for President, might be rewarded with appointment to the Senate. ‘Mr. Mullen’s name has been used in the past in connecticn With appointment to the Roosevelt cab- inet and to cther office. The filling of the Howell vacancy with a Denrocratic Senator will give the Democrats an even 60 Senate seats, and will leave only 35 to the Republic- fallen to the Democratic party. Just one less than the record party ma- Jority ‘in the Senate. that of 61 Re- | publicans in the 60th Congress. The | appointment of a strong Roosevelt fol- | lower, such as Mr. Hitchcock or Mr. | Mullen, would make still easier the pas- | sage of the administration’s legislative | program through the Senate. * % x Already skeptics are beginning to say | y that President Roosevelt must look for | sterner resistance to his legislative pro- {posals than has been shown by the | Congress in fits mad gallop to put through the emergency banking bill, the | eccnomy bill and the beer bill. But notwithstanding ' these prognostications of trouble, the cards all seem to lie in’ President Roosevelt's hand. He has made a deep impression on the Amer- ican people. He is in a position to go to the people over the heads of recalci- trant members of Congress, it it be- comes necessary. The President has done nothing more effective since he has been in Washington than his radio address to the people, explaining the emergency banking bill and the condi- tions that confronted the public. It would be just too bad for any group of Senators or Representatives who un- dertook to obstruct. administration measures—particularly if they belonged to the President’s own gollflcll party— if he should go on the air and use names of the obstructionists. The chances seem to be that the Demo- crats in both houses will stick to their President like a burr. They would, under present circumstances, be stupid to do otherwise. = L What the Senate special committee on campaign expenditures and its new ;}:fiu;mnb;lfim‘hu:r Logan lo("o Kentucky, o al Pproposal to go again into Louisiana to investigate the elec- tion of Senator Overton and the charges made against Semator Huey Long in ooxrxecunn with the primary campaign which resulted, in the nomination of Senator Overton remains to be been. Senator Howell, chairman of the In- vestigating Committee, died of pneu- monia before he could make a report to the Senate. If the Senate backs away from this investigation it will be the first time over a long period that it has followed such a course. The | Senate has been a glutton for investi- gations. = ok x % No more stupid rumor was ever cir- | culated in the National Capital than that which declared former President Herbert Hoover was “under surveillance” by secret service operatives in New York and had been requested not to go to California until after certain mythi- cal operations relating to the ship- ment of gold out of the country had | been cleared up. Mr. Hoover has gone to his home in California and the rumors die as many other rumors do. It is more reliably reported that a number of threatening letters were sent to Mr. Hoover, and by his secre- tary transmitted to the head of the Secret Service in Washington. It is said that the head of the Secret Serv- Hoover, now & private citizen, took the matter up with the President, who gave him carte blanche to look after the ropolis it provided a basis for the wild stories wi were circu- lated to the effect that Mr. Hoover was being lapt'undu surveillance by the cratic naticnal committeeman for Ne- ! ans and-1 to the Farmer-Labor party. | This is an almost unprecedented party | majority in the Senate that has now | It 1s | | 4 p.m. are the best hours for swimming. Q. What is the historical significance of Strawberry Mansion in Fairmount Perk, Philadelphia’—R. K. J. A. It was the home of William Lewis, noted lawyer and friend of Washington, when it was known as Summerville Famm. Later, Judge Hemphill, promi- | into J. Q. Did Abraham Lincoln or Edward | nent in politics and on the bench and the maker of Hemphill ware, was its master. The house has been restored to its original condition by the Women's Committee of 1926, with the advice of 'the hmhed lv“:hnhwmm’ um of Art, and urn! jects appropriate the period 1790 to 1830. > = Q. When were organs first used churches?—T. E. > A. The first trustworthy record of the organ in church was in Spain about the year 500 A. D.; in France about two f:x‘mnu and Germany three centuries T, Q. How much water flows over Ni- agara Falls’—J, M. A: The volume of water over Niagara ‘;‘12\!1 o:: about 15,000,000 cubic feet per Q. What languages modified Latin Dthe Italian language of today?— A. When the barbarians overran Italy they left some of their Germanic words as contributions to the speech of the land, but apart from this and some similar additions of a later date and of learned impartation, the lexical, phonological and grammatical elements of Italian are developments and modi- fications of the corresponding elements of the popular or vulgar Latin. Q. Please name some penal institu- tions which have adopted modern prison_architecture.—N. C. A. The new Federal Penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pa.; the New York State Medium Security Prison at Wallkill, the Massachusetts State Prison Colony at Norfolk, the New Jersey Reformatory at Annandale, the Maryland State Penal Farm at Roxbury and the new Intermediate Reformatory at Jefferson- ville, Mo, exemplify the trend of thought in penal correction. Q. What ruler first suggested peace conferences?—W. C. A. They probably originated in 1462, with the efforts of the King of Bo- hemia to advance & plan for the Chris- tian nations to form an international parliament and discuss matters and create a tribunal backed by interna- | tional forces, if necessary; aiso to hear |and determine all disputes nations, | Q. Does solving purzles do a person any good?—L. E. | A. Solving puzzies may benefit a per- | son in various ways, particularly in the exercise of mental powers. Many of the puzzles indulged in at the present | time are educational and contribute | actual knowledge. Q Why do city lights twinkle when seen from a distance’—E. R. A. It is due to inequalities in the earth’s atmosphere which cause refrac- tion of the light rays. Q How much is Manhattan Island worth today?—R. S. A. A definite answer cannot be given. The assessed valuation of the island in 1931 was $16,265,582.987. Q. When were hands first added to the clock?—E. 8. A. Hands were first added to the | clock by Peter Hcle (Henlein) of Nue remberg in 1505. In 1510 he made the | first pocket watches, Q. Where is the quotation “A lttle knowledge is a dangerous thing” found?—A. P. A. The correct wording is “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” It is Pope’s “Essay on Criticism.” | Q After using silver polish on kid shoes what will remove it>—0. J. G. i A. The shoes should be brushed with steel wool dipped in ammonia. N eeded Lesson Gets Credit Realization by hoarders of the close connection between the supply of gold | and the Nation's currency, an awaken- (ing of a patriotic desire to aid the country and growing confidence in the financiel system are seen as the chief | reasons for the recent return of large | quantities of gold to circulation. Fear ium the hoarder of gold will be taxed | or punished is also recognized as hav- ing had an effect in bringing the metal out of hiding. ks, y persons who thought no harm would follow the accumulation of gold by !h:m_‘ersom]l,\' have been moved by patri®tic impulse to bring forward the coin,” says the Rochester Times- | Union. Holding that “the congenial miser is a rare type, and only that type can find real satisfaction in hoarding” |and that “the normal man, even if thrifty, wants his money to be put to work and does not wish to hamper the activities of the country,” the Oklahoma | City Times feels that “hope and confi- dence are factors, and hoarding will dwindle—all sorts of hoarding—as that confidence grows.” That paper also thinks that “hidden gold may soon make outlaws of the men who hide it.” The Asbury Park Evening Press sug- gests that some of those who returned 8old to public use were “shamed by the stigma placed on hoarding” and “rushed to reassert their patriotism.” “As a practical proposition.” in the opinion of the Hartford Daily Times, “it 1s as essential that the proper gov- ernmental authority shall have power in time of peace to commandeer every ounce of gold or every dollar of cur- | rency, if need be, as undoubtedly such power is needed and exists in time of | war.” ‘The Times is convinced that re- cent governmental policies “are unlikely to provoke much public protest.” The Portjand Oregon Journal offers the con- near-unit in the thought that action should be taken at Washington to end forever such financial debacles as that through which the country has just passed.” That paper also states: “The Insistence of persons who know is that gold, being the standard on which the circulating medium rests, has a measure of sanctity; that it is so much a part of the national life that it is almost war on the national structure to hide it away from public use. They insist that gold hoarding is an unpatriotic act.” | “Money is useless until you spend it,” declares the Toledo Blade, recording the fact that “the released gold becomes the | the result that “currency in circulation | becomes the life blood of business.” The Blade also comments: * gold, gold! and cold.” gold has ever been written than the foregoing. But the poet penned it when times were normal. Bright and yellow and hard—and cold! So gold is usually. But President Roosevelt, exer- cising the dictatorial authority con- ferred upon him by Congress, figura- tively tosses it into the crucible and lights a fire under it. ‘The precious ‘Gold Bright and yellow, hard ;| metal becomes liquid—hard to handle, too hot to hoard. Hundreds of mil- lions are carried back to the banks in order that the possessors may be rid of wealth in form that would be taxed heavily and the continued sequester- ing of which would entail punishment.” A demand for “frankness and thor- oughness” in building for the future is made by the Des Moines 3 Permmiuent baniing eonditions aasaring en! con assuring “strict supervision d management imbued with a trusteeship.” The Salt Lake Deseret News favors pub- Pt large ammoumts of geid nee: strane rge amounts of gol boxes and robbed the rest of the coun- try of its commercial life blood.” “A ion of sl ish citizens,” declares the Dayton Daily News, “has been hastening to the banks to put back their gold. A man’s gold's his own. If & citizen chooses to put his trust in gold rather than the Government, that's his business. But the Government cah tax the gold; and, to the general clusfin that “the whole country is a 1 | basis for new issues of currency,” with | No better description of | sur- | eally in Economics for Gold Flood | prise, the Government knows just | about where the main stores of hoarded gold are. It becomes further apparent that gold with all its glory is of very small use to its possessor if the Gov- ernment wants to make it so. The Government can forbid banks to re- ceive gold save as it is accompanied by a smashing tax. If the banks cannot receive it, the merchant cannot take it, and what is the poor hoarder of gold to do. He can't wear or eat it. So he brings it back.” “Gold cannot be withdrawn in any quantity,” advises the Danbury News | Times, “'without the person who gets it being known, even though he may give a false name. A man who goes into & bank and comes out with a sealed bag of gold, holding, let us say, $5,000, is & marked man. His identity can be easily ascertained. We approach a pe- |riod in which many wi understand | that the world is too closely knit to per- | mit every sort of private tampering with | its facilities for exchange.” e Es- | canaba Daily Press says that “the blight of hoarding spreads far and wide, and even those who. Midas-like, gloat over | their bags of gold feel the bad effects | eventually.” The Rock Island Argus asserts that “to hoard gold or send it out of the country when it should be in the National Treasury or in Federal Reserve banks for the protection of the Nation is without excuse.” “The United States, as a large holder of the world’s gold supply,” according to the Nashville Banner, “is strongly fortified, and the President wisely does not propose thet its position shall be weakened by exportation at a time | when there is world-wide economic de- | pression and international currencies | need stabilization. The fact that gold | is almost the only important commodity | that has advanced in price during the |period of depression has stimulated |search for it and mining, with the re- | sult that the gold output of the world t year approximated $500,000,000, | which was nearly $100.000.000 more |than during the year 1929. The |amount of gold reserves in the world | now is placed at $12,000.000,000." ————— | Poland’s Uneasy Corridor. Prom the Cincinnati Times-Star. With political crises multiplying all | over Europe, it was not to be hoped that | the Polish Corridor, that noisiest of diplomatic issues, would long remain | unheard from. Reports that Poland is | concentrating troops along the strip of land that divides Prussia from East | Prussia, have drawn vehement protests |from Berlin. Hardly less alarm is felt in Paris and London, where it is re- membered that Hitler significantly closed his recent campaign in Koenigs- berg, capital of East Prussia. Perhaps because he senses the danger of war, Hitler's tone has become a little less belligerent during the past few days. Sternly.he has demanded that has followers refrain from individual acts of terrorism. Demonstrations against rival powers, especially Poland, are still condoned, but overt unfriendly acts are tabu. It is, of course, in Hitler'’s interest to avold an open break with another" nation. His tenure of office depends upon the degree of comfort and pros- perity he is able to give the German people. For unarmed Germany, a war now would be an invitation to defeat and & certain increase in popular suf- rmnl:‘ ‘The chancellories of Europe would breathe more easily, if he dropped some hint to this effect. With the spirit of triumph still strong among his followers, however, any pronouncement on foreign policy would coubtless have to be belligerent. His silence may be & good omen. — e Movie Pay. Prom the Pasadena Post. Movie salaries have been subjscted to cuts, which as to the smallcr fry of the industry seem to be unduly drastic. The stars that glitter for a fortune the un;.wne:'m’.ue ones more logle