Evening Star Newspaper, January 27, 1933, Page 26

MONARCHY [SSUE UPTO MANCHUKUO Time Not Ripe for Change, However, With Divided Views, Says Pu-Yi. This is the third article of a series of six on Manchukuo by Mr. Keen. staft gorrespondent of the New York Herald Tribune in China, BY VICTOR KEEN. Copyright, 1933, New York Tribune, Inc. HSINKING (Changchun), Manchu- kuo, December 16. — Henry Pu-Yi, the | 27-year-old Chief Executive of Manchu- kuo, has had many vicissitudes of for- tune since he ascended the dragon throne at the age of 3. Tsu Hsi, the strong-willed Empress Dowager, proclaimed the little Prince Pu-yi Emperor of China on the after- moon of November 14, 1908. She died on the following day, leaving Prince Kun, father of the young Emperor, to act as regent until the boy Emperor had attained his majority. Pu-yi took the dynastic title of Hsuan Tung. But his reign was short-lived. The revolu- tionary forces overturned the mon- archy in the Fall of 1911 and Dr. Sun Yat-sen was proclaimed first President of the provisional government of the United Provinces of Nanking in Decem- ber of that year. Two months later, the 7-year-old Emperor officially abdi- eated. By terms of a pact between the im- perial family and the Republic of China, Pu-yi received an annuity and permission _to reside in his ancestral palace at Peking. All of the terms of this agreement were eventually vio- lated. The boy Emperor was expelled from his palace by the “Christian” general, Feng Yu-hsiang, his private property was confiscated, the imperial tombs were rifled by republican sol- diery. Took Refuge in Legation. The former Emperor was permitted to move about Peking with an armed escort of Kuominchun troops (the| People’s army under the leadership of | Gen. Feng). Pu-yi's British tutor, Sir Reginald Johnston, assisted him to gain | refuge in the legation quarter, where he found sanctuary in the German hospital. Later he applied to the Brit- ish legation for shelter and protection, but there was no building available in the British legation compound suitable for him. His tutor then applied to the authorities of the Japanese legation, ‘who offered him occupancy of a small building within their official compound. Subsequently. he escaped to Tientsin in a third-class railway compartment, seatod between two of Gen. Feng's sol- diers who failed to discover his identity. He was met at the station by Japanese consular officials who conducted him to the Japanese concession, where he took | up his residence. Here, under Japanese | rotection, he lived with his wife and | is concubine until Japanese occupation | of Manchuria and the birth of the new state of Manchukuo elevated him to his present station. His concubine, inci- dentally. is no longer a member of his household. Sir Reginald Johnston writes of the young Chief Executive. “He is today a young man with all the charming manners of his race and with the keen- est interest in the affairs of the modern world He speaks some English— enough for ordinary purposes—and is well versed in English and American history; rather more in English history, perhaps, for he is greatly interested in the growth of the English constitutional monarchy. He is an admirer of the| Prince of Wales, of whom he has read for many years. Mussolini is another of his heroes. . . . He is slender in build, with small, well formed hapds. Writes With Bold Hand. “His eyes are dark and his elgu- sion is thoughtful, more so, perhaps, thmluumlmnyouumnolhhm. s+ + He has an inherited poetic gift and has written much classical verse and even some modern verse. * * * He has a taste for good literature. * * * He has also learned the art of callig- raphy from his tutors. This is one of the fine arts in China and his excel- lence in it has repeatedly won the ad- miration of experts. He writes English, too, with a very bold and well formed hand. He has never been taught to draw, either in Chinese or foreign style, but he has a native talent which en- ables him to produce very vivid and rapid sketches. Perhaps the most note- worthy thing about him—certainly to one who knew the tyranical conserva- tism of the old imperial palace—is his readiness to listen to- new ideas, his | tolerance, the voracity with which he devours the newspapers and his im- measurable advance in famillarity with 'the social and political worlds of both East and West.” Sir Reginald’s enthusiastic descrip- tion of Pu-yi probably is not entirely without prejudice, since he had a hand in the education of the young man. I noted in Pu-yl the Chief Executive |kno many of the attributes which Sir Regi- nald portrays in Pu-yi, the young stu- dent. I am impressed by Pu-yi’s ap- parent desire to be of service to the People of Manchukuo, but had no op- portunity of estimating to what extent he is capable of carrying out this aspira- tion ‘The procedure for gaining an audi- ence with His Majesty (as he is called by many of his Chinese governmental associates) 1s to apply to the Bureau of Information and Publicity, Depart- ment of Foreign Affairs of Manuchu- kuo. This department is headed by a Japanese who formerly was associated with the Japanese diplomatic service in propaganda work in the United States. At the outbreak of hostilities in Man- churia on Sep'ember 18, 1931, he was in Japan and was immediately dis- | to patched to Mukden, where he was at- tached tu the Japanese consulate-gen- eral as a special vice consul. He pos- sesses an excellent knowledge of Eng- lish. Protected by Bodyguard. ‘Through the good offices of the Bu- reau of Information and Publicity, an interview with Pu-yi was arranged for me at the Chief Executive's palace, which was formerly the headquarters of the Salt Gabelle. The palace is sit- uated in a large compound surrounded by brick walls protected by loop-holed towers commanding the street ap- proaches. My first glimpse of the young Chief Executive was in the court yard in front of his official residence. He was tra- versing the compound followed at a respectful distance by his official body- guard of Chinese military officers. I am told that he seldom leaves the precincts of the palace and is always accom- panied by a group of bodyguards. After a brief wait I was ushered into Pu-yi's official audierce chamber. The room is simply furnished. In one cor- ner is Pu-yi's desk and under it stretches an immense white bearskin. Several portraits of the chief executive adorn the walls. My interview was carried on through a Chinese interpreter attached to the Bureau of Information and Publicity, Pu-yi_making no attempt to reply in English to any of my queries. ‘Two days previous to my interview a group of Chinese merchants in Hsin- king (Changchun) had drawn up a pe- tition requesting that Pu-yi be made Emperor of Manchukuo. They presented the document to the Japanese embassy and had intended sending another copy to Pu-yi, but the petition was suppressed by the embassy authorities, who evi- dently did not consider the time pitious for discussing such a radical change in the form of government. An ‘whom I questioned was liscuss the contents of the petition, but he admitted that such a cdocument been received and that it contained a request that Pu-Yi be made Emperor. I learned from Chinese sources that & group of Chinese delegates supposedly ibers of Commerce in embassy official reluctant to d archist movement was not favored by the majority of the Manchukuo officials and they recelved expense money and ‘were sent home. I was unable to verify this report. in its entirety. When I questioned Pu-yi about the monarchist movement, he replied that he had not been informed of it directly, but that he had read references to it in the newspapers. “I have taken the position of chief executive of Mmchukuo." he declared, “to work for the welfare of the people. The ultimate form of the government cannot be decided now, and the move- ment for a monarchy must remain an outstanding question, at least for the present.” Pu-yi went on to say that while it may be true that there is a desire for a monarchical government among & por- tion of the people, he has no way of wing how strong such a movement may be. “It is much too early to say what form of government the new state will eventually adopt,” the Chief Executive continued. “When I abdicated the throne 20 years ago I had no desire to be restored to imperial rank, but I have always cherished the wish to be of serv- ice to my people in a private capacity. I had no ambition to regain the power which I had voluntarily given up. “When I came to Manchuria it was not my own wish. I was forced to take this step because it was the will of the people. The people had suffered much under the rapacious war lords and I could not help but have pity on them. “If Manchukuo continues to prosper and develop and it is the will of the people that the government be changed that of a monarchy I will take their desire under consideration. The mon- archial movement at present is only sponsored by part of the people. It is not unanimous. At this time it is im- possible to predict whether the move- ment may eventually be successful or not.” Stresses Service to People. Pu-yi declared, if any one else can be found who is more capable of filling the office of Chief Executive of Man- chukuo he will gladly resign his post. “In the meantime,” he continued, “I shall endeavor to carry out my cher- ished desire of 10 years to be of service to the people. The most important du- ties of the Manchukuo Chief Executive at present are to safeguard the people, to promote their well being and to strive for friendly relations with foreign pow- ers. To this end I am dedicating my efforts.” . Pu-yi gives the impression of a sin- cere ambition to govern well, but un- der the presently constituted Chinese- Japanese regime it appears unlikely that he will play an important role in shap- ing the destiny of Manchukuo. His only governmental function seems to be that of signing all bills passed by the Legislative Council, subject to the ad- vice of his privy council. Although the government of Man- chukuo does not appear likely to un- dergo any radical change for the time being, there is a decided tendency to- ward a constitutional monarchy, and it will not be a surprising development if at some future date Pu-yi may be in- vested with the title of Emperor. Mr. Keen's fourth article on Man- chukuo, appearing tomorrow, will treat of banditry as the country’s chief in- ternal menace. e Mr. and Mrs. Craddock of Northamp- ton recently celebrated the seventieth anniversary of their wedding. 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