Evening Star Newspaper, September 30, 1932, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Rdition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.....September 80, 1938 —_— e THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 8t ‘e Penoavivants Ave ! g TeR OB M B e juropean O 14 Regent 5t. Londom, Eneland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Jrenine 8 4S¢ per month e Bvening and Sunday Btar (when 4 60c per month The Evenin: e s 65¢ per month The Sunday Bta. Bc per cepy Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ly and Sunday....1yr. 4] .00: junday only . .00; All Other States and Canada. ily and Sundi 1yr.,$12.00; 1mo., $1.00 > 3800 1mo. It indsy o w0 imen ok y only yr., ‘Qember of the Associated Press. = usively en “The Associated Press is exclus! \‘ L or not otherwise cred- d also the local news publication of also reserved. in this paper &n published herein. All right: special dispatches herein — Child Labor and the Depression. The root of the evil of child labor n this country was nourished in the beginning by a shortage of all forms of labor, and later, when the struggle was to produce enough, by competition to manufacture at & minimum of cost. The depression is merely one indication of the extent of the revolutionary changes wrought by invention and machinery, which have transformed the age-old preblem of how to produce enough into one of how best to utilize what is so plentifully oroduced. A shortage of Jabor has, in turn, become & surplus of 1abor. While the specter of famine may still haunt us, it has assumed new form. In his address yesterday to the New York Herald Tribune’s Women's Con- ference on Current Probins the Pres- ident took as his text “Our most im- mediate question,” which is the “strain of the depression ypon the children.” In addition to the greater responsibil- ities for adequate protection to children ageinst the ravages of want and disease, the President sees an opportunity “growing out of these times to advance the cause of children.” One answer to the problem caused by “technological unemployment’—which is the unem- ployment resulting directiy from scien- tific improvements in methods of pro- duction—is the shortening of hours of labor, to spread employment, but an- other, fundamentally as important, is “the steady elimination of child labor.” The President noted that: A great deal has been accomplished in’ this direction in past years. But it would not only help childhood, but would aid in the better distribution of work among adult breadwinners, if more children were eliminated from those few industries where they are still em- ployed. It would be a step toward the permanent elimination of young chil- dren from industry. The progress that has been accom- plished has been written through the tedious process of State legislation. The child labor amendment to the Consti- tution, submitted to the States eight vears ago, has been ratified by only aix of them, and rejected by one House in eight States. The pressure for this amendment and for the State laws en- acted has been exerted by moral force against resistance largely based on eco- nomic grounds. As the President points out, the depression has brought into play & new economic force arising from the competition of child labor with adult labor. At & time when there is a surplus of unemployed adult labor the pressure for removal of child labor competition, which keeps men idle, may accomplish what those who have la- bored in the name of altruism, and from an enlightened social concept, have beem unable to accomplish. Child labor still exists. The depres- sion has presented an opportunity for its complete abolition. —————————— ‘When the announcement is made that Chinese are hungering it is understood with pathetic certainty that they have neither the patriotic purpose mor the hope of rescue that sustained Mahatma Gandhi. NS, In one respect foot ball is more satis- factory than politics. After & foot ball game everybody knows how everything happened. But after an election the gossip may go on for years. —————————— Georgian Redivivus. ‘The Georgian style of architecture was not invented for American use. It represented in its origin a British re- action to the stimulus of the Renais- sance. Its creators were Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren, and its ini- tlal popularity may be traced to the enormous productivity of their genius. Opportunity, likewise, had something to do with the case. They were available at a moment when new buildings for public, semi-public and domestic use were in high demand. The great fire of London, in 1666, gave Wren & city to rebuild, and the increasing wealth of the rising middle class gave them the means to imitate in the provinces his successes in the metropolis. The well- to-do merchants and planters in the thirteen Colonies modeled their cultural standards to conform with those of their friends and kin in England. So Georgian crossed the Atlantic. On this side it was received with enthusiasm. landscape. It was equally suitable for town and country use. It was not sn inordinately expensive fashion. Beauti- ful and comfortable houses were built at moderate cost and their number was legion. Noble churches and town halls were raised to express the growing re- ligious enthusiasm and civic spirit of the people. The movement may not have been completely understood, but here and there scholars existed who knew and appreciated the Georgian sources in ancient Greece. It was their privilege to approve the mode. George | Washington and Thomas Jefferson set an example for their neighbors at Mount Vernon and Monticello. The Federal Capital, under their guidance,|. began with Georgian. The troubles of the first quarter of the nineteenth century retarded prog- ress and the Civil War destroyed not only many of the finest Southern struc- tures of the type, but also the psycho- logical background against which it had grown. As the country reorganized, in the last three decades of the century, & new style was imported—the chaotic emd pretentious revival of debased 1t fitted into the American Gothic posed to sponsor. Again & wave of building enthusiasm swept the land. It was as unintelligent, unfortunately, as it was vigorous. A few truly lovely buildings were erected in the old tradi- tion, but they were overlooked in the prevailing confusion. Some veritable monsters of architecture, like the State, War and Navy Building, were set up in flagrant defiance of every decent canon of good taste, but to the eminent satis- | faction of the deluded multitude. Cottages were adorned with pinnacles and mina- rets, country residences were endowed with towers and parapets, city houses were decorated with bay windows, tur- rets, impossible balconies, gorgons and gargoyles. Motifs were juggled regard- less of the consequences. Nothing was spared. The period was an architectural nightmare, and it lasted until the Great War. Now sanity is returning. Under the guidance of the Fine Arts Commission and the municipal architect the new civie structures oN Washington have ! been built in the Georgian manner. The Roosevelt High School, the several buildings for the Fire and Police De- partments and various smaller units are examples of the principle officially adopted for civio use. Private builders, it may be supposed, will fall in line. They already have made & splendid beginning in the outer suburbs of the city. ‘The Capital was meant to be as it is now very likely to become—a re- flection of the classic spirit in its mon- umental edifics and an adaption of the same esthetic harmonies for mu- nicipal and domestic purposes. RSV - MacDonald Loses an Arm. It is a lonely figure that Ramsay MacDonald now cuts at the head of his national ministry with the defection of his oldest political associate, Viscount Snowden. That veteran pillar of the Labor party, together with two fellow free-traders, has just carried out his threat to resigh from the government in protest against the tariffs adopted at Ottawa. If Prime Minister MacDonald was doomed by the iron logic of events a year ago to lead a ministry in which he and his political friends were hopelessiy in minority, the departure of Viscount Snowden leaves him today indeed for- saken and forlorn. For forty years Philip Snowden and Ramsay MacDonald ranked not only as founders of and moving spirits in the Independent Labor party, they were the party. They saw. it grow from impo- tence to the rank of government party in 1924 and inherit a second lease of power five years later. It is no dis- paragement of MacDonald’s intellectual capacity to say that Snowden was the brains of the Labor party. His genius for economics marked him as the inevi- table chancellor of the exchequer when Labor would rule. Twice he was master of John Bull's purse strings. The Lon- don “City,” seat of high finance, first feared, then respected Chancellor Snowden. Its respect mounted into something like affection when the crip- pled ascetic and uncompromising pacif- ist stood at The Hague like a rock against the principle of condemning Great, Britain, as in the past, to enact singly the role of the sacrificial lamb in European readjustment. In the Autumn of 1931, when con- ditions forced the British off the gold standard, Snowden took his place man- fully at the side of MacDonald and with him proclaimed the doctrine which challenged the country’s admiration— that they were Britons first and doc- trinaire Laborites secondi—Snowden es- caped the fate of MacDonald in being read out of the Labor party, and per- haps dodged defeat for parllament by declining, on account of his health, to stand for his former seat. When the national ministry was formed Mac- Donald elevated his old comrade to the peerage, in order to command his in- valuable aid in the House of Lords, and gave him the post of lord privy seal. Viscoynt Snowden pledges undimin- ished personal loyalty to Prime Minister MacDonald, but they part cabinét com- pany with the stinging taunt by Snowden that the government “surrendered Brit- ain's fiscal autonomy at Ottawa” and of British trade policy, reducing the kingdom below the status of & domin- jon.” That is the sort of plain speaking which marked Philip Snowden's forty | tempestuous years in public life, which he thus deserts with the old colors de- flantly flying. - Without him Ramsay MacDonald will function like a man suddenly deprived of his right arm. ———————— ‘Von Papen accuses France of misrep- resenting the German attitude with ref- erence to disermament. Since he be- came & chancellor Von Papen regards equivocation with a disapproval which he was not always permitted to show ‘when serving his country in a less con- spicuous capacity. —_— e Manchester cotton mills have opened. In a condition of world depression, news of this kind is encouraging, even though it comes under a foreign date line. o Manhattan's Political Melange. In a seesaw of judicial opinions the question of a mayoralty election this year, precipitated by the resignation of Mayor Walker while faced with the possibility of removal by the Governor, now stands in the affirmative. A judge “below” held that Acting Mayor McKee must, under the law, hold on to the end of the unfinished Walker term. By a four-to-one decision the appellate division of the Supreme Court holds that an election must be held in November next. There now remains the final judgment of the State Appeliate Court, to which the question is to be carried spéedily, in the hope of securing & conclusive ruling in season. If » ruling cannot be had by the time i for the filing of nominations, prepara- | tions for the election will be made, on the ground that the Ilatest ruling governs until overturned by the court | of last resort. It is therefore possible, although not likely, that an election may be held, only to be upset by an | eventual decision adverse to the latest opinion rendered. ‘This reversal of Judge McGeehan's ruling that Mayor McKee is to hold office until January 1, 1934, sets in .motion again the processes of nomina- luvn. And by one of those strange re- versals of political prospect that are so frequent in New York it now appears that Tammany, with the abetting con- currence of Boss McCooey of Brooklyn, is again favorable to the nomination of none other than the lately ro- d mayor, now at sea on his vay i | | “handed over to the dominions control | ‘T A8 . = THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 193% ) ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. vilch John Ruskin was sup-|in fact, tied up at Gibraltar for repairs to the ship. When Walker sailed for Italy it appeared as though he was quite definitely ‘“through.” Now it would seem that after & careful can- vass of the fleld the harmonious bosses of the two big boroughs, Curry and Mc- Cdoey, cannot find anybody who would be quite so certain a winner as Walker. ‘They may change their minds again, however. What they particularly wish is to get a candidate for the mayoralty who can surely I>at McKee, whose per- formances in office during the past month have been most distressing to Tammany and its affiliates across the East River. In this connection, of some bearing upon the political fortunes of Gov. Roosevelt is a Tammany move in the matter of judicial nominations in the first district. Justice Samuel Rosen- man, Democrat, appointed to the bench by Gov. Roosevelt, was turned down by the “Hall” and who should be named in his place but Samuel Hofstadter, Republican; chairman of the Legislative Investigating Committee that stirred up all the trouble for Mayor Walker and others, while the Republicans, also naming Hofstadter, indorsed the Demo- cratic candidate for one Of the iwo prospective vacancies. This rejection of Gov. Roosevelt’s appointee is regard- ed as a signal for some ruthless ticket cutting on election day. ———e——————— Mr. Crisp’s Appointment. One of the most curious of those political phenomena which, on the sur- face, at least, seem to defy the ordinary rules of logic and reason, was the un- seating of Representative Charles R. Crisp of Georgia by his thirty-five-year- old and relatively unknown rival for the senatorial nomination, Gov. Richard B. Russell, jr. Gov. Russell has made a good record as Georgia's chief executive. But Mr. Crisp, in his long service in the House, had become recognized, as his father, Speaker Crisp, was before him, as one of the outstanding mem- bers of Congress, a credit to Georgia and a fine type of statesman. The ranking Democrat of the House Ways and Means Committee, he served as acting chairman in the absence of Representative Collier of Mississippi through the major part of the fight over the revenue bill. He fought for the sales tax, but when that was de- feated went to work on the substitute measure with characteristic energy and ability. He was one of the logical candidates for the speakership, in the event of Mr. Garner's election to the vice presidency, but he chose, instead, to seek a seat in the Senate, to which his record plainly entitled him. Enjoying well-earned popularity and respect, his appointment by President Hoover fo the Democratic vacancy on the Tariff Commission represents a happy choice. The country will con- tinue to receive the benefits of the work of a distinguished public servant. — e — Art in political stage management 1§ a matter of the greatest consequence. In selecting Iowa as the scene of one of President Hoover's public addresses, a dramatic situation is assured to the pop- ular imagination, even though pains may have been taken in advance to as- certain that everything will pass off pleasantly. N Advocates of Government ownership of railroads are permited to consider a possibility that Uncle Sam may ulti- mately be obliged to foreclose a mort- gage and come into the possession of the property. ——e— Though a comparatively new institu- tion, the Reconstruction Finance Cor- poration is not in a position to offer any complaint of a lack of patronage. ———— The demand for “human interest” is 80 strong that it as hard for a man to be a hero to his biographer as to his valet. - SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNEON. Boomless, But Happy. My Uncle Jim, he says he's missed A lot o' things that give This world a disconcertin’ twist An’ make life hard to live. He says that when he's feelin’ sad It lightens up his gloom To think as how he never had No presidential boom. Says he: “I'd surely shake with fear If I took up the task Of answerin’ all the questions queer That any one kil ask. So let the other fellers shout, An’ I will give 'em room An’ be content to do without No presidential boom.” Responsibility Confessed. “Why are farmers dissatisfled so much of the time?” “I suspect,” replied Senator Sorghum, “that one reason is that we politicians have for so long made it our regular business to keep the farmer reminded of his troubles.” Fatal Accuracy. “How did you lose your position?” “For being too accurate,” replied the typist. “I took down the boss’ grammar exactly as he spoke it.” Hard to Keep Up. My friend is free to change his mind. I try to follow, but in vain. When mine with his I've changed I find That he has changed his back again. Prudence. “Do you agree with everything ine college professors say?” “Ves,” replied Miss Cayenne. “But some of the theories they sug- gest are very startling.” “Yes. But if you don't agree with them they are likely to prolong the argument and think up something still more startling.” Speed Required. “Did you ever taste | whisky?” “Certainly not,” replied Uncle Bill Bottletop. “Anybody who can't swal- low fast enough to keep from tastin’ it has no business tryin’ to drink it.” ‘moonshine The Rule. Humanity improves each day, By great and noble impulse moved. ‘When you note the gangster you say, The rule is by exceptions proved. “Troubles,” said Uncle Eben, “kin be laughed at. But s right kind o' man o 2k> no tech liberties wif 'em un- icss dey is sirictly his own.” > | ning doctrine when applied discreetly THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A correspondent wants to know if rosebushes should be fertilized at this time, adding that books and articles upon the subject mever go into this phase of the matter. ‘There is no point in fertilizing roses at this time of the year. Fertility is largely for growth and bloom, and out- door roses are about through growing and blooming. Nature intends them to rest, but they cannot do so if stimulated into re- newed growth in the Autumn. Pertilisers properly may be given chrysanthemums and other later-flow- ering things. They need food for their TS. Roses, however, are now iring for their Winter repose, an essential in their life cycle. ‘The queen of flowers does not love to queen it always. She needs rest as much as any other sovereign. Even the mighty ones of the earth re essentially like their humble sub- In mankind or in flowerdom it is the same. The rose, commonly regarded as the most beautiful and best loved flower, fulfills the same cycle as the little but- tercup. There is a period of growth and flow- ering, followed by a slowly beginning rest, turning at last into an entirely dormant period. Dormancy is not a precise, unvary- ing state in the plant world. It nnz even include some growth. This is true even of roses. A good bush of a stout variety, such as Red Radiance, if planted in a pro- tected position, near 4 house wall, where some heat can reach it, will keep its leaves green the year around. Those acquainted only with roses in beds will find such a planting an inter- esting experiment. Rosarians know that the leaves of their favorite bushes are among the real beauties cf the plants. | Some of the most famous rose growers, | in actual life in their own home gardens, spend more time admiring the beautiful i bronzy-red growths of early Spring than they put on bud and blossom. 'his comes about because the flower, in all its glory, is known to every one who ever admires the rose, whereas the lovely leaves, before ever ‘“black-spot” or other ailment has had time to attack them, are among the least noticed of the beauties of the bush. Leaf loveliness, therefore, may be ac- counted the connoisseur’s peculiar point | of admiration. He comes to this pitch | after some years of experience in rose growing. While he properly estimates | the beauty of bud and flower, he finds | time (¢ admire those points which the beginning rose grower overlooks, or is | not as yet able to estimate at their | proper worth. | By planting a few roses near the wall of the house, from 18 inches to 2 feet | away, on the south side, he is able to | have green leaves on his bushes almost | 12 months in the year. | He may have roses in December, even, not many, or very good blooms, of | course, but actual, bona fide roses, which will be the admiration and won- der of all who behold them. | Perhaps man will never get over the | desire to create admiration in others. | When that day arrives, a new heaven and a new earth will open to mankind; in the meantime, flower lovers will not be satisfied with growing fine plants for their own admiration; they will want their neighbors to wonder at them, too. Of course, this state of affairs has its wholesome side. It means, or at least it ought to mean, bigger and better ! roses, and more roses on every side, al- ways a good thing, if love of roses goes with them. i And, may it be said in passing, love of roses is the first ingredient in the amateur rosarian’s code, if he is to per- severe in his. attempts, for there is no more trying flower in all the world than this selfsame beauty, this queen of flowers. More temperamental than an opera star is supposed to be, more treacher- us than a jackal, more fickle than a “gold digger,” the rose is still the queen of all the flowers, and the best beloved. Her very indifference intrigues her lov- ers. T court her when they fail, | and grow humble when they are suc- | cessful. For there is no teling what a rose will do. -About the only thing the ama- teur grower can be sure of is that it probably will not do what he expects it to do. ‘This contrariness, however, i more nfl:n: his own fault than that of the plant. Amateurs insist on planting Tose- bushes where they ought net to be lanted, then they like to place the on the bushes, when the entire trouble goes straight back to them. They insist on selecting the “trick- jest” varieties, instead of sticking to the time-tried and easily grown things. "x‘hey use too much fertilizer, or none at all. ‘They insist on soaking the bushes, leaves and all, day after day, as if these plants needed water more than mere commonplace flowers. ‘They never seem to realize that water on the leaves is an aid to “black- spot” and other fungus growths. They take no care in the planting, cramming the roots into an inadequate hole in the earth, then expect the most magnificent results. ‘The site for a rose bed is of a great deal more importance than the be- ginning rose grower realizes. While most, roses will grow to some extent in almost_any situation, they will not do their best under trees, or even their best. ‘What many experienced rosarians fail to grasp is that the rose, even though it be a queen, is also a camel. Fundamentally the rose is a shrub, and partakes of the hardiness of such shrubs as the althea, which no amount of abuse can harm. If many of our better known roses | do not seem to live up to their funda- mental nature, it is because mcst of those held in popular esteem today are the result of cross-breeding and are susceptible to & long list of diseases and insect pests, Their very hardiness has been bred out of them, in well known instances. But the quality which all of them possess to the fullest possible extent is the ability to resist drought. Yet so firmly ingrained into the average gar- den enthusiast is the need for water for growing things that he fails to make personal experiments along this line with roses, and so never comprehends from his own experience, which is the only real experience, that roses posi- tively do not need watering, in the ordinary sense. ‘Their leaves will stay fresh and green in the dryest, hottest weather, even if it extends week after week. It is ques- tionable whether roses ever need arti- ficial watering, in the usual sense in which the term is used. There can be little doubt that all too many rose lovers simply water-log their plants by dousing them evening after evening with copious sprinklings. Even if this sprinkling were confined to the soil, it would be too much for most rosebushes, but when it is applied indiscriminately to the foliage, which is | thus kept constantly wet, an absolutely ideal medium is furnished for the growth of inimical factors. And roses iove sunshine, above all. Even more than most plants they de- mand plenty of ultra-violet, now “fash- donable” among human beings, but through the centuries the best friend of roses. It is useless to expect the best Tesuits if bushes deliberately are plant- ed in half shade. Perhaps Nature tries to tell us something here, if we will listen. If a plant loves the sun more than many others, it abhors water more than others. That is a reasonable in- ference, but experience proves it. The | only time that rosebushes should be artificially watered is in the Spring, when fertilizer is dug in, and later in the Summer, when more is given them. | Otherwise the plants should go dry. | Perhaps there will not be quite as abundant blooms as in a normally wet season: but are there any more nor- mally wet seasons? Between slightly fewer blooms and wilted leaves and the dreaded “spot,” there can be no doubt of a choice. Above all, withhold fer- tilizer after the September blooming period. There is no point in requiring & rosebush to exert itself from now on; it should be permitted to follow Na- ture’s program. Radicalism and Emphasized in Wisconsin Defeat for radicalism is uppermost in the minds of those who study the election _returns in Wisconsin, where the La Follette Progressives were beat- en in the Republican primaries. It is also pointed out that the Democratic voters, by returning to their own party, have indicated a desire to establish party lines more rigidly. Extravagance is held partly responsible. ““The compelling reason for the over- turn.” in the opinion of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat (independent), “prob- ably is that Wisconsinites, after one- | third of a century, wearied of La Fol- | lette interpretations, La Follette prom- | ises, La Follette policies, and even the typical La Follette way of putting things. ‘Seak the rich’ may be a win- and moderately, but, especially in hard | times, it may Appear as one of those | petards by which the soakers them- selves get soaked.” The South Bend Tribune (independent - Republican) points out that John B. Chapple, who defeated John J. Blaine for Senator, “staked everything on a charge of rad- icalism, and presented an impressive case against the La Follette machine’s conduct of the State,” though some issues were raised in connection with the University of Wisconsin. Other papers which give first impor- tance to the defeat of radicalism are the Spokane Spokesman-Review (Re- publican), the Des Moines Tribune (in- dependent Republican), the Oshkosh Daily Northwestern (Republican) and the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail (independent Republican). The last mentioned avers that, “having grown tired of following false theories, the Republicans seem ready to return to the fold of conservatism, where com- mon sense rather than wild and reck- less experiments govern policies.” The Chicago Daily News (independent) of- fers the interpretation of the results: “Following the wholesome example of the Republicans of Iowa, who dis- carded the profitless Brockhart for ample cause, the Republicans of Wis- consin have administered an impressive rebuke to high officials who, professing to be Republicans, habitually practice unbalanced radicalism. The display of inspiring example to the N tion rge. ‘This is no time to toler- ate pplitical bushwhackers who de- mand posts of privilege within a party from which to do their sniping at that party’s policies and chosen leaders.” This contest, as viewed by the Springfield (Ill) State Journal (inde- pendent Republican), “confirms all that has been said concerning the influence of Democratic votes in_the Wisconsin Republican primaries.” The State Jour- nal also suggests that “the political re- action to an economic depression takes no account of political labels.” The New York Sun (independent) suggests that “Democrats who have supported La Follette candidates in the primaries and at general elections now have some place to go themselves; the guest voters of Wisconsin ha home.” The ve . Schenectady Gazette (independent Democratic) sees the possibility of “Progressives swinging over to the Democrats in the election in return for help during many past years.” The News un‘:;pm nt universality and strength in’ sentiment of the voters,” feels that the results of the primary may lead to the Republican stalwarts being “‘buried beneath a combination of Democratic and progressive Republican vctes. ‘While observing ihat “radicals wili High Taxes have difficulty in getting nourishinent out of the result,” the Milwaukee Sen- tinel (independent) remarks as to the election: “La Follette-Blaine brand of political strategy has usually been as- tute and shrewd, but in this primary campaign they engineered several things which flopped badly and probably cost them many votes.” "Among these thinzs the Sentinel mentions “the importation of Senator Wheeler, so-called Democrat, from Montana,” and the fact that “Henrik Shipstead came down frcm Minnesota to help those so-calied Re- publicans.” The Sioux City Argus- Leader (independent Republican) thinis that “the voters have learned that the La Follette regime was interested pri- marily in the La Follettes, and that the huge tax revenues were sought for the purpose of strengthening and ex- panding the La Follette political ma- chine.” The New Castle News (Re- publican) asks if “this is the begin- ning of the end of the La Follette dy- nasty.” “For some years, especially in recent months,” says the New York Times (independent), “the _disposition has been growing in the Republican party to ask the Progressives to step wholly outside or wholly inside. Faced with the loss of Progressive States in the ‘West, many leaders would prefer at the same time, as in Wisconsin, to gain control of the F‘“y organizations and begin the rebuilding process as soon as the election is over. Whatever happens in Wisconsin now, Republicans will fall or survive under the true party flag.” The “proof of the potency of the de- mand for economy” is seen by the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin (inde- pendent Republican), while the Nor- folk Ledger-Dispatch (Democratic) ob- serves that “the La Follette policies, which have held Wisconsin in their grip | almost continuously for 40 years, failed to keep' the populace pacified in the present emergency.” “The taxation policies of the La Fol- lette regime were particularly exasper- ating to a distempered citizenship,” says the Birmingham Age-Herald (Demo- cratic), while the Omaha World-Herald (independent Democratic) declares: “For the victorious fight egainst the La Follette machine in Wisconsin was a fight against too heavy taxes. It was a fight against extravagance in gov- ernment. It was & fight against over- expansion of government, against gov- ernmental paternalism and govern- mental bureaucracy. It was a fight for a return to simplicity and economy and retrenchment in the management of the public business. It all resolved itself into & campaign over taxation as the dominent issue.” “The people of Wisconsin,” avers the Chicago Tribune (independent Repub- lican), “have decisively repudiated the La Follette program of confiscation of rivate property for political advan- ge. The people of Wisconsin think it is no time to leave their government in the hands of a youth with a political program resting primarily on bhate, prejudice and envy.” Speed in Campaigning. From the New York Sun. The successful Republican candidate for the Senate in California conducted his campaign by autogiro; the man who beat Blaine in Wisconsin cam- paigned by automobile. Apparently there is something in the theory of get- ting away from the voters before they can change their minds. Ibop off All Cupolas and Retain the Homes ‘To the Bditor of The Star. commendat. trjct. citizen and taxpayer by nemical and considerate action in re- moving a cupola from the plans of the ‘Taft Junior High School. The cupola is a recent ornamental top- knot on public schools, & useless ex- crescence, or “doodad,” marring the sweepl lines of the roof’s expanse. Firished white, easily solled, it is a continuing source of upkeep expense. Built as an exposed rain catcher, snow holder and dampness retainer, it usually causes serious roof damage and more expense. It is the rejuvenation of a rejected fad of fancy-free architects, ing embellishment. The expense of putting them up will be followed later by the expense of taking down. Not only is it economy these days to cut out useless expense, but it is com- mon sense at all times to prevent waste of public funds. The cost of the cupola is $3,875. That amount will ki two $1,900 men use- fully employed for a year, two homes intact, the children in school and pro- vided for, and two homemakers out of bread lines. It will do the same rela- tively for three $1,200-a-year men and their dependents, or four $900-a-year men and their ilies. uuflan&l building cupolas omes, the Engineer Com- missioner of the District of Columbia will get the approval of this taxpayer if he lops off cupolas from every new public school building in the District fo_retain homes intact and prevent suffering and privation therein. JOSEPH W. CHEYNEY. e Pro Bono Publico Or Just Pro Bonus? From the Newark Evening News. Immediate cash payment of the war veterans’ 1945 bonus is in politics be- cause payment or nonpayment has to be determined by Congress. A compro- { mise school of politics is growing up, as there usually does, which counsels against paying the bonus now, hoiding out the hope that when prosperity re- turns opposition to the payment will Thite. S 98 President Hoover's stand is unmistak- able. Gov. Roosevelt's is not personally defined, although the Democratic plat- form speaks only for generosity to the war disabled and makes no mention of the bonus at all. Reports from credible sources have been that Mr. Roosevelt would steer toward the middle ground, cpposing the cash payment now, but not holding out for the full maturity term of the certificates. Any candidate who has no personal conviction on the payment of the bonus at this date never will have an opinion of his own, but will be guided entirely by the way he thinks the cat will jump. | He is out for votes, without regard for | principle, camouflaging himself with the plous declaration that he wishes “to represent the will of the majority.” ‘That “will of the people,” though, is | certainly something that must be exe | pressed, definitely and unmistakably, if this or any other issue is to be de- cided. * * ¢ | ‘There is one definite, far-reaching | and conseguential way for the average citizen to express hymself, and that is | with his ballot, where he is given a choice between candidates on opposite sides of a vital matter. The candidates owe it to the dignity of the office they seek, as well as to the citizens they | want to represent, to make their con- victions known or tg make convictions. ——.—a Education Has Its Responsibility | Prom the Okiahoma City Times. Economy in government is so popular | that any plan of tax reduction is sure of a considerable measure of public approval. The cost of government has | been increased by wasteful methods, by | unwarranted expansion and legalized ft until the burden of taxation has g::omn difficult for many citizens to bear, particularly since private earnings have been greatly reduced. Now plans‘ for reducing the cost of government are making appreciable progress. Coun- | ties, municipalities and school boards in this State have made marked re- ductions of budgets, and now the State is planning a reduction of $10,000,000 in the cost of State government for the next biennium. Such a saving will be welcome, if it docs not take too much from the es- | sential functions of government, or im- air efficlency without such damage. t is apparent at the start, however, that educational institutions are to be hit hard in the readjustment, and there is danger of damage where that sort of retrenchment is undertaken by un- friengily officials. Education is the State's hope of continued progress, and economy that hampers its development may be wasteful far more than economical in the long run. But it is ible, as pointed out by Glenn Frank, in a re- | cent article, that educational and social | betterment programs have been ex- | panded beyond our economic resources | to support them. Certainly education must bear its part of the budget paring, | and that is & fact we might as well face. It should be faced cheerfully by leading educators, on whom the burden | of responsibility for making the read- justment with a minimum of loss to the | educational system must rest. How to achieve as much in the essential and desirable flelds of education with less money is the problem they must solve. Possibly that cannot be dome, but re- sourcefulness of those who try it is the | real hope that true progress will not be halted or greatly hampered because of economic conditions. In the past, some institutions of higher learning have done creditable and notable work with meager capital. Possibilities and rec- ords of such achievements shduld be studied carefully by the heads of every educational institution in the State. There is going to be economy. It is for the educators to prevent that econ- omy from becoming a calamity. g —— Alaska Is Exception. Prem the Butte Montana Standard. Alaska has reason to be proud of her record in public finance. In the storm and stress of adverse economic condi- tions this territory remains the one governmental unit of the United States which has not a dollar of indebtedness. Although the rigors of eccnomic ad-| versity have perha not manifested themselves as violently within its borders, there has been much unemployment in Alaska, due principally to curtailed fish- ing operations during 1931 and in a lesser extent to reduced Federal appro- priations, which dropped from the pay rolls many old-timers who for years had depended upon road work and similar employment for the grub-stakes to take them into the hills for the Winter or to tide them over in the towns during the cold weather. The gold camps have been mcre stable. r product is relatively more valuable in & period of Jow commodity prices and operations have tended to increase rather than-to diminich. Gov. George A. Parks of the territory reports that the prcblem of feeding the needy has been approached systemati- cally and to date effectively; not, in thé vast majority of instances, by appro- priations of tax money, but by concerted community effort. “A dire emergency, which is far from existing now, must arise,” the Gover- nor says, “before Alaska will apply to the Reconstru Finance Corpora- tion for aid.” e Governor does not want the territory to go in debt. Under the present status every dollar of tax money is used for productive purposes. Not one cent must be set aside for debt service. That is an enviable status for any governmental unit and one which Alaska hopes to maintain. . Enviable Speed. From the Lowell Evening Leader. And, doubtless m: & rum runner envies the speed which Gar Wood got out of his latest racing craft. an expensive, unnecessary and damag- |. . in, reau, Frederic ‘Washington, D. C. Q. What motion pictures_were the most successful last year?—S8. N. The “box office champlons” o “Reducing.” Q. Please give the seating capacity of the stadiums at Harvard, Y"h and 1 almog} 80,000 and Soldlers and Satlors’ Stadium about 100,000. Q. Is John Garner a rich man?—| G. N. A. He is said to be worth a million dollars. He began with nothing, but with shrewd judgment and untirin energy accumulated a fortune whic makes him the leading banker of Uvalde County, Tex. Q. When was Navy day first cele- brated?—T. C. A. On October 27, 1922. This date marks the anniversary of the founding of the United States. Navy. On tober 27, 1775, & special committee pre- sented a bill to the Continental Con- gress, providing for the construction of the first ships of the Navy. Q. How much money did QGeorge Eastman leave?—H. W. A. The estate of the late George Eastman has recently been appraised at $25561,000. The great proportion of the estate was left to educational and philanthropic institutions. . Q. Should a person try to return a banded pigeon to its owner>—R. P. A. Pigeons are generally banded by fanciers who raise them for sale and racing purposes. These persons show little interest in the fate of a bird that fails to return to its proper loft, as | they consider such failures indicative of lack of strength or homing instinct. Q. What caused the red day in the early 80's?—A. M. A. In 1883 the great volcano of Krakatoa, on the Straits of Sunda, be- | tween Java and Sumatra, erupted with the most violent volcanic explosion known in historic times. A cubic mile or so of finely powdered volcanic dust floated in the af here, spreading through the air, over all the earth. When the air is exceptionally dusty or filled with the smoke of forest fires, or other haze, even the noonday sun seems, red. The cause is the same as that which makes the sunrise and sun- set red. Communal prayers were said in churches and public squares. It was considered a certain prelude to the end of the world. Q. How much wood does it take to make a ton of paper of the kind on which newspapers are printed?—G. C. A. One ton of newsprint requires 113.7 cubic feet, or 2.728.8 pounds, of oven-dried spruce wood. Q. Are Weber and Fields of German descent?>—W. H. A. They are both Polish Jews. Q. Is domestic Angora wool as desir- able as the imported variety?—F. K. A. It is not very popular in the textile wool Q. How much oil does a big pasw senger ship burn on a trip across the ocean?—A. C. A. The steamship Majestic, which is the llr_rm ship in operation, consumes about 7,000 tons of fuel ofl in making her six-day voyage betweer. New York and Southampton via Cherbourg. Q. How many people in the United States use toothbrushes?—H. G. A. A. It is estimated that between 18- 000,000 and 20,000,000 people use tooth- brushes. Q. Why are skyscrapers prohibited in Paris and London?—S. T. A. Paris and London, as well as oth- er capital cities of Europe, have very definite regulations concerning the height of their build! . This is due to the fact that bulldings must conform with the city plan. Q Was C. M. Williamson an Amer- ican writer?—A. B. A. The late C. M. Williamson was an English novelist, who wrote in collab- oration with his American wife, Alice M. Willlamson. Q. What was Rembrandt's first paint- ing?—D. D. A. In the Stuttgart Gallery there is a signed and dated picture of “St. Paul in Prison,” which is Rembrandt’s earli- fitflmue with an sscertained date— Q. What proportion of the white for- | eigners who are living in the United | States have bscome naturalized’—F. 8. | A. Nearly three-fifths—58.8 per cent —of the 13,366.407 forelgn-born white persons living in this countsy have ob- tained naturalization papers. Q. What is the present condition of Mary Washington'’s grave?>—W. T. { _A. A handsome monument has been erected on the site of the burial place of Msry Washington, near Fredericks- | ;mr[, Va., and the ground is well cared or. | Q. How many positions went under Civil Service when the law was first en- forced?—M. B. A. In 1893, the year in which the | Civil Service law was enacted, 13,924 | positions were affected. Today the | classified service embraces about 450,- 000 positions. Q. Can shingles which have been | dipped in creosote be painted?—J. 8. A. Shingles that were originally dipped in creosote may be painted. An oil paint thinned with creosote, gallon for gallon, is suitable. Q. For whom was the city of Perth Amboy named?—B. L. The first white settlement at Perth Amboy was made about 1683 at the site of an Indian village called Amboy. The settlers were from Scot- land and they named the place Perth, in honor of James, Earl of Perth. Soon after the Indian name “Amboy” was added. It was the capital of the prov- ince nearly all the time it was held as | a colony of Great Britain. Q. What proportion of the railroad | mileage has been bullt 1in the past 40 | years>—p. T. A. Almest one-third of the total has | been built since 1892. | Q. How long did it take to build the Brooklyn Bridge’—M. P. A. The construction on the Brocklyn | Bridge commenced June 3. 1870. The .?adzge was formally opened on May 24, WESTERN OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. CHICAGO, September 30.—Out here, | where the Midwest begins, the real battle for Herbert Hoover's re-election is about to begin. The cpening gun will be fired at Des Moines next Tues- day by the President himself. Thence- forward, as far as the Republican Na- tional Committee is concerned, and the cash on hand permits, the fighting is to be fast, furious and unceasing. battleground, from the G. O. P. stand- point, is in the States lying between the Alleghenies and the Mississippi. Re- publican managers concede that they must win Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, or at least three of those four pivotal States, or run the grave risk of losing the election. If any two of them slip away from Hoover, the danger of his defeat is regarded by the Chicago high command as serious in the ex- treme. Should the two States that go Democratic happen to bz Ohio and| Tllinois. with a total of 55 electoral votes | between them, almost any responsible Republican leader is ready to admit that the Presicent’s cause would be well-nigh hopeless. * k% % Because of this touch-and-go situ- ation all the party nabobs st Palmer House headquarters are on the tiptoe of excited curlosity over President Hoover's impending utterance at Des Moines. What Chairman Sanders and his coadjuters, Ralph Williams, Henry J. Allen. Bob Lucas, Senator L. J. Dick- inson, Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg. Mrs. Lenna Yost and the other organ- izers cf victory, are anxioucly and hope- fully waiting to see is whether Mr. Hoover can ring the bell again as he rang it with his speech of acceptance. When the President delivered that ad- dress his stock was in a heavy slump. ‘The speech materially checked the anti-Hoover trend and to a consider- able extent reversed it in the Republi- cans’ favor. Then came the G. O. P. dicaster in Maine and in its train a revival of the pro-Roosevelt tide conse- quent upcn the Governor's swing through the West. If the President next week can capture the country’s im- agination as effetually as he did on August 11 the men and women in charge of his campaign seem convinced they can stem the Democratic onrush and save the day—not by anything very impressiye in the electoral college, but by a majority perhaps nct so far from the 22 or 23 George Moses has prog- nosticated. Many authorities at Chicago feel that Des Moines is the G. O. P.'s battle of the Marne—that it will make or break the Hoover candidacy. * k¥ % Republican confidence at Chicago based on the theory that New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware are as safe for Hoover as Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama are for Rooseveit. They are calculating on at least an even break among the border States of West Virginia, Ken- tucky, Tennessee and Missouri. They are certain of carrying Kansas and confidently claim Iowa, Wisconsin, Min- nesota and California. It is Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, account- mz for aggregate of 88 electo: . or almost exactly one-third of the number necessary to elect, which is the fl:;t,mom‘{:omw“x," the u;xknovm Guantity, publican crystal-gazin as the campaign tapers into its nnnf five weeks. * Kk Gov. Roosevelt’s western expedition ends in Chicago tonight, on the eve of what the ublicans call their “real” campaign. Hoover managers are re- lieved that the Democratic nominee has now shown hi8 whole bag of tricks. As they analyze them—the banking speech at Columbus, the prohibition speech at Sea Girt, the farm speech at Topeka, the railroad speech at Salt Lake City, the silver speech at Seattle and the power speech at Portland—they profess to find the Rooseveltian legerdemain far less dynamitic than they thought they had reason to fear. The G. O. P. cap- tains rejoice that at length they have something to shoot at, and they intend 10 blaze away at it. | ‘Will Herbert Hoover point the way to a ruthless, no-quarter, hammer-and- tongs attack on the enemy position from now on? That's what Republican national headquarters is burning and yearning to know. Only by hell-bent- for-leather tactics every minute until November 8, headquarters bluntly says, can victory be snatched in the remain- ing 37 days of the contest. If some leaders out hgre could have their way, The | Mr. Hoover weuld wage the kind of a combat they used to delight in, hitting hard, hitting everything and hitting all the time. Gov. Roosevelt's vagueness, soft-pedaling and several-facedness— 25 they envision his stump performances to date—lend themselves ideally to at- tack, but the President's. hired men at Chicago are persuaded that that attack must be made with brass knuckles and not kid gloves. And no one. in their opinion, is so definitely indicated as the one to conduct such warfare as the President himself. Belief that he should do so is far stronger than confidence that he will. * * o ox ‘There is conspicuously little concern at the G. O. P. citadel over Senator Norris' identification with Gov. Roose- velt's fortunes. Norris failed to tal Nebraska into the Smith column in 1928 and he's not expected to swing it or other progressive territory into the Roosevelt column.. Rosy nonchalance on this score leaves out of account the | vastly different temper in which West- |ern farmers will vote this year. If | Illinois, for example, goes Democratic for the national ticket, of which the: are plenty of indications, it will be 23- cent corn, not any particular fonde ness for or belief in Franklin Roose- | velt, that will be primarily responsible. Senator Norris, in other words, speaks this time not for rural folks who par- ticularly want Roosevelt, but for those filled with a blind resentment against Hoover. * Kk * ‘The Republicans are about to use Roosevelt's “forgotten men” against him in a novel stunt. They have drafted ‘Whiting Williams, who has glorified the American hobo much as Flo, Ziegfeld glorified the American girl, to stage & serles of human interest radio inter- views with worllnmenilhrmers. small tradesmen and other humble citizens. One by one, class by class, these “for- gotten men” are going to plead with their fellows in economic distress not to cast off the Hoover substance of hope | for the Roosevelt shadow of promise. | The theme song of the Whiting Wil- liams show is apparently to b> the don't-swap-horses-in-midstream stuff-— that ancient recourse of all * egainst the onslaughts of “outs” since the time is | when the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. * ok ok % ‘The Republican women's division has coined a new name for Dolly Gann. It calls her the “Molly Pitcher” of the campaign and says that Brother Charlie Curtis’ sister “has taken her place in the ranks much as Molly Pitcher made her illustrious name in the Revolution.” ———— Converted. From the Albuquerave Journ:t.. After 18 years in which the Republi- cans have believed Maine's voice, it is rel to see Democrats start giving her sorge credence. Collegiate Age. From the Bansor Commercial The enrollment ¢f & man of 72 in & ‘Western college makes the story of the lhmkw. solicitors sound more plaus- ———— “Kill the Umpire From the 8an Astonio Ezpress. A boar at a Kentucky fair bit the judge who ru'ed against him. That animal might qualify as 2 base ball fan. —— Many Dry Eyes. Prom the Toledo Blade. q‘flm" s low n% i.xaI r;cnmry m:fi ews story iciency expe