Evening Star Newspaper, April 3, 1932, Page 28

ued From Third Page.) slight, real endure. I have met middle-aged British women who have ‘been 30 years in India, with intervals for “leav and who do not speak any Indian language. They can address their servants in a limited vocabulary for household needs. But they cannot converse intelligently with Indian ladies, the majori of whom have been educated in the old | style and speak little or no English. | efr men meet Indians ix their busi- ness or official capacities. But their| ample leisure, their sports and nmu\ and amusements are partaken of with | men and women of their own race, not | with the Indians. | A ruling prince, a maharaja, will en- | tertain house parties of English guests at his palace: the hospitality of the| st is proverbial. But the princes are rly all Rajputs or Mahometans, and :: the high-caste Rajputs and the upper-class Mahometans still keep their | women in the seclusion of Purdah. ‘The faults are not all on one side, it s true. But it was the duty of the conquerors and rulers to establish friendly relations with the dependent race, In India the club is the chief center of Europes social life. In each up- country town or military cantonment | there is a club. Here the English men and women foregather every day after work is over. The club in India is the Englishman's custle. To a few small clubs in the provinces Indian gentlemen of official rank are admitted. 1In the| majority of clubs no Indian, no matter how high his rank or caste, can cross the threshold. Indians in Civil Service. A beginning has been made with the Thdlanization of the civil service, the sll-powerful government. An Indian, a graduate both of an Indian and an English university, 18 appointed to an official post in a country district. If the European community is small he may be admitted to the local club. He may not use it much, but he appreciates | the compliment. Then this Indian offi- cial is promoted and goes to live in a city; but here the local European clubs are all closed to him. I use the bureaucratic word “Euro- pean.” Tt really means British every- ‘where except in four or five big cities, where a few Americans and French- men are to be found. In Bombl{. the second city of India, the vacht club is the principal center | of European social life. Any Briton of | official status. any member of the civil service, any officer of the army of navy, becomes a member automatically. A | well introduced and substantial British merchant is elected. But no Indlan, no matter what his rank. wealth, culture or social position, is admitted. He can- not even be taken in as a guest for 10 minutes. Attempts, as I say, have been made to break down these barriers. The Wil- !ln‘dm: Club in Bombay is a ‘“mixed club”; that is, Indian and English ate admitted on equal terms. It s a monument to the political sagacity of | a great Britlsh Liberal statesman, the | present viceroy and former govertior fim‘l of Canada. When Lord Wil- Jingdon was governor of the Bombay zmlflency he founded the club which his name. Lady Willingdon made it her business to ,;t. indu, Parsee and But for the wives of a few high ish officials who felt constraihed follow her example, f 'S countrywomen have trou- 10 become acquainted with Indian or fancied, which they on friendly terms Tried to Introduce Maharajah. 1n u&:flm Right Hon. Edwin Mon- #f state for India, | O uee friend, Al of Blkaner, into the i S o a jput, & mem| 0 e He had in wars at the hesad of his own troops in defense of Brltlslh . & territory nearly m Free State and is prinee who has iftro. of constitutional. jects. Entitled to a speaks lish and looks every inch & soldier and an aristocrat. With many other Englishmen, I have been enter- tained at his palace in Bikaner. I can take him into my own club in London, ivileged to do so. But Club or the Bombay Yacht Club. Such is the man whom Montague, 8 British cabinet minister and a privy councillor, wanted to take as his guest into the Bombay Yacht Club. He was snubbed for his palns. The committee from which he sought permission said it would create a precedent and that the younger members of the club would 7. Montague gave wa: The late Pandit Nehru was the fori ernment. A Brahman of the Brahmans, bhe was no darker than & Southern Ttalian; his features were classic, his| English perfect and his tastes and learning of the highest order. English- men high position in India were ud to be entertained in his beauti- ul home and to invite him to their homes. His son, Jawarelal Nehru, was | educated at the University of Oxford, and after some years in London. where he was well received in society, re- turned to India to live in Delhi. He was persuaded to allow his name to be Frapmed for admission as a member to he Delhi Club, The committee would not even allow his name to come up for election. Now “Joe” Nehru, as we called him in England. a young man of great gifts and charm, leads the extremist section of the Indian Na- tional Congress and is_the idol of the revolutionary youth of India rison as 1 write these words. His 'ather was a moderate in politice. So was the son when he returned to India. His treatment, wounding to the pride of & sensitive young man, turned him to the “left Hindus of Aryan Race. Remember. the Hindus are a branch of the same Aryan race from which the Latin, Celtic and Anglo-Baxon stocks —who comprise the inhabitants of most | of Europe—-are descended. In the| great migration, as 1 once heard Stan- | Jey Baldwin remind Parliament, to the unconcealed disgust of his Tory die- hard followers, one branch of the Ar- sans turned west and settled Europe another branch turned south, through the passes of the Himalayas, to settle in the plains of Hindustan. There were indigenous stocks on the plains of in- ferior racial type, which now form the lower castes, the “untouchabl The Mongolian and the Semitic invaders | from the rorth, the Arabs from the west, introduced other racial strains; but the ndus are predominantly Aryan. As a people, they are sensi- tive, proud, and lay great stress on what they call “isset,” their self-respect. | And their feelings are wounded by this | social ostracism, as well as by the equal- | ly hurtful but often unconscicus atti- tude of poiite superiority which we English assume in our_dealings with | 320 milllons of our King-Emperor$ subjects | Up till & few years ago the treat- ment was more brutal. An English | official or army officer traveling on the | radlroad could and would turn out of | 4 first-ciass compartment any Indian he found there ‘There is & true story of an English | official waiting at a country station to take the night train for Calcutta. On the arrival of the train he found Indian asleep on one of the two ses #n a first-class compartment. ening the sleeper with a kick, he or- | dered him out. The Indian sat up lnd! let out a string of strong and blas- | hemous oaths in the best Oxford Eng- | Ylsh, asking the intruder “Who the devil he thought he was, and he could dammed well clear out himseif.” “1 beg your on, old chap,” re- plied the offici did not know you & Please stay where are. e him into the Delhl | pe He is in | rad ‘slruulz on for complete secretary of state for India, decreed that education in the colleges and uni- versities should be in English. This has opened up to them the literature of liberal England, the history of |hv: ltruqlrn of the British people for con- stitutional _liberty, the revolutionary poetry of Keats, Shelley, Byrcn. I dians travel and study in Europe and | America, They return to India to be | affronted by raclal discrimination in their own country. Until the last few months the higher ranks in the army and navy were closed | to Indians. “Safeguards” "are insisted | upon at everf stage of the reforms. In- dian political thought and aspirations move ever further in advance of the constituticnal concessions offered by England. But back of it all is_this social problem—the failure of the En lish overlords to sympathize or try to understand the viewpoint of the con- quered. Reform Commission Named. One of the worst blunders ever com- mitted by British statesmen was when. in 1927, the last Conservative cabinet appointed the 8imon Commission under the terms of Montague's gov- ernment of India act of 1019, to in- quire into the progress of the reforms and to advise on (he next step. Not one Indian was appolnted to this com- mission This action cut deeply into Indian suseeptibilities and injured the amour propre of princes, Bralimans, Mahome- tans. students and even the awakening masses Another blunder was when the Rouna Table Conference first assembled in London in the Fall of 1930. Its as- sembly overlapped with the meeting of the Imperial Conference. The dele- gates to the Imperial Conference, in- cluding the few n delegates 1 inated by the Toy. Were gue his majesty’s government. The Indlan delegates to the round table, some of whom had been delegates to the Im- petial Confetence, were not treated as guests, but were given a subsistence al- lowance and money for their expenses The British treasury saved a few hun- dreds of pounds, but all India felt af- fronted. ‘These blunders by the British home government would not amount to so much if they did not come on top of & crop of grievafices which has been growing for 50 years. All Asia is awakening, and India is not unaf- fected. The first galvanic shock was the defeat of Russia, a first-class Euro- peah naval and military power. by an | Asiatic nation, Japan. The World War, when Britain shipped her Indian troops and France her soldlers from Indo- Chiha to fight in Europe, caused fresh spasms in the Indian mind. In the post-war years a different class of officers and officlals began to| arrive in India. A great thouch sient revolution has been in progress in England. High taxes, and especially the Inheritance tax on landed estates have practically obliterated the Fug- | lish landed gentry. This class, which had for so long dominated English political ahd social life, had high tra- ditions of public service. The former ruling families are now to a great ex- tent verished. Another type has taken the place of these hereditary rulérs—without their background or their traditions. Some are successful, othets are not. But India, long used to hereditary riule ang aristocratic gov- erfiment, s quick to see the change. The soclal stigma piaced on Indians by the “pukka sahib," the real gentle- men, was irksome. It is unbearable frtom men and women without the manners or bearing of their predeces- sors. And the trouble spreads down- ward. The English petty officials, the private soldi ape their superiors. flicialdom, overnment,” tries hard to make its agehts behave. But the evil goes deep, Relates Delhi Incident. I will relate two incidents of which I was eyewitness a little over a year ago. Sightseeing in the wonderful ¢ld Mogul fort and palace at Delhi, T was followed by a family party of Indians from some other city or province— two men, two or three women, a chilé or two. Well and cleanly dressed in native costume, quietly behaved, ob- viously educated—they probably were of the merchant class to which Ma- hatma Gandhi belongs. Presently there rode around the corner, on his bicycle, a fresh faced young corporal lo! to a well known Scottish regiment. He imagined the Indians were in his way and cursed them roundly. The women shrank together. the children fell silent, the men glow- ered. The corporal rode on. Probably A& decent young fellow &t heart; he would never have dreamed of b v ing in such a way in, say, Bdinburgh If he had behaved thus in Britain he would have had his head broken The other incident happened at a small Indian port. I was embarking | by steamer for Karachi, where an air- plane waited to fly me back to West ‘The harbormaster, an Eng- lishman, showed ‘'me the courtesy of his company on board the steamer As we passed along the lower deck an Indian porter accidentally jostled the harbormaster, who kicked him If he had Ricked a cockney porter in Lordon, he would have got a black eye or & police court summons-or both—for his pains. But this cad was a member of the ruling race: so he could kick laborers with impunity The French manage the: better. They tolerate no agit political reforms or “democracy their colonies but they recognize no color bar. I have seen French officers, white and colored, fraternizing in o interallled club in Paris at the Hc Rothschild in complete amity and com- eship. Such a thing wa< fncompre- hensible %6 most of our officers. What is the explanation France, Italy, Spain and Portugal were provinces of the Roman Empire. Rome tolerated no racial distinctions —"“1 am a Roman citizen" boasted Paul. the Jew. The tradition has sur- vived. England was conquered by Rome. But the Romanized Celts were obliterated, or driven to the Welsh hills, by the Anglo-SBazon invaders, presently to be conquered in their turn by the Normans. ~Both races came from those northern countries of Europe which never fell under Roman rule and influence. “Poor Mixer—East of Sues.” And the average Englishman today is a bad mixer, east of Suez. In ar case, his public school education stills a certain snobbery, a false sense of superiority. And when India de- mands democratic reforms and self- government, her people, and especially the younger generation, are really in revolt against a raclal stigma which they feel with increasing bitterness. Britain has brought many material benefits to India, but they are forgot- ten in a growing raclal antagonism. We gave Indians even-handed justice. honest administration, peave. But we Also gave them an Inferiority comviex The troubles of the last 30 years in In- dia have been caused by the efforts of her fleople to assert themselves us the equals of their overlords. That caste | Hindus oppress the ‘“untouchable does not affect the feelings of the ra- clally conscious intelligentsia: nor does the hostility, on religlous and racial grounds, between Hindus and Islamites provide a substantial argument against the claim for equality. India is at the cross-roads. | | Her people may accept dominion status or | indepénd- ence. But no longer will they tolerate the contempt and coldness, even if hid- den behind recently improved manners, o! a people who, however unwittngly, e created racial barriers between oranches of the same racial stock. . Alfalfa Bill's Pacifist Bid. Prom the San Aptonio Evening News. Alfalfa Bill alted a North Dakota speech to stop a dog fight. One sus- two ago Lord Macaulay, as pects a bid for the | The Iris, by J. C. Wister. ‘W68, THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. Hawafian Democratic Sentiment Gaining HONOLULU, Hawaii.—Heartened by reports of strong Democratic sentiment on the mainland, the party leaders in Hawali are preparing to give battle to the Republicans. Hawail 15 normally well inside the “Republican colum one main reason being that Hawaii's chlef industries, the raising of raw | sugar and pineapples, are dependent on protective tarifis for their prosperity. Only once since the islands became a Territory of the United States more than 25 years ago has the slature here had more than a spripkling of Democrats, and only once have the Democrats elected a Delegate to Col gress. In the election of 1912 the Wil- son boom uwunu good many clection contests to the Democrats; a few years ago the Democrats squeezed out a vie- tory in the delegation election. This yeat ing that it's counting on the tide of Derocratic success in eatly elections on the main- land to help them locall; As this is & Territory, With not only ral officials but a Governor, secretary of the Terfi- tory and circult judges named by the President, the political plums gained from appoifitments by the President are more numerous than in a State. Na- tional election prospects have & very stfong bearing on the political current in Midpacifie. Europe luWGPt-Oprl-rn Of Vienna by Radio VIENNA, Austria—Opera from the world-famous Vienna “Statsoper” is henceforth to be broadcast through Eu- rope and perhaps to Americh, it was announged here recently. s An Mternetional hook-up through “Ravag.” the Austrian radio monopoly, is being artanged. The Vienna opera. hard-pressed financially, hopes—like the Metropolitan in New York—to recoup part of its deficit Salarfes in the state theaters here| and in_four private playhouses were drastically cut in an economy wave. LIC LIBRARY Books for the Gardener. ‘The Technology Division of the Pub lic Library has many volumes on ga dening of all types. Books on the pop- ular rock and water fardens, on annual and perennial plants, on trees and shrube, and on special varieties may be | borrowed by the gardener. Seed cata- logues from many growers throughout the country are on dispiay in the Tech nology Division at the central building, at Eighth and K streets. A suggestive list of books is offered below Everyman's Garden. The Garden Blue Book, by L. B. Hol- land. 1924. RIS.HT17g. A dictionary arrangement of peren- nial plants, with descriptions an@ cul- tutal directions. Flowers for Every Garden, Louise Bush-Brown. 1927. RIS.BB6. Discusses annuals, perennials and bulbs, temperamental plants, noveltles, trees and shrubs. There are also help- ful chapters on sick plants, a garden for 210, and a garden calendar. Practical Flower Gardening, by K. M. P. Cloud. 1924. RIS.C625p. Matter-of-fact directions for obtain- ing a well balanced flower garden in & short time. A Little Book of Perennials, by A. C. Hottes. 1927, RIS.H708I No garden is more satisfactory than that which depends on a large propor- tion of perennial plantings. Chapters on rock gardens, oh ferns, grasses and herbs add to the Interest of the book. Flowers for Cutting and Dfi(‘orn(lon,xy Richardson Wright, 1023 RIS, WO34L. After an entertaining discussion, the author lists “the dependable 40" that will yield 8 succession of cut flowers throughout the season All About Flowering Bulbs for Home and Garden, by T. A. Weston. 1931, RISB.W53. More bulbs are being used each year. In addition to the mote familiar sorts, this little volume gives cultural direc- tions for lilies, anemones, cyclamen and tuberous rooted begonias. Garden Individuals. The Public Library has separate vol- umes on most of the flowers which lend themselves to specialization. A selec- tion is given Roses, by F. F. Rockwell. 1930. RISE. R59r. Soils, culture, pruning, varieties, land- caping with roses and many other uses r this most beautiful of plants are covered in a handy volume. Many othier rose books may be found in the Technology Division. The Dahlia, by L. K. Peacock. 1931. E.P31 RIS| Dahlias, 1929 by F. F. Rockwell RISE.R59d. A favorite show flower for the ama- teur as well as the professional grower, the dahlia is more widely grown each year. Two common-sense volumes on their cultivation cover everything from propagation to exhibition. Lilies and Their Culture in North Amer- ica, by W. N. Craig. 1828. RISE. CBal. Lilies, by A. Grove. 1911, RISE.GA1TI. A new and old book on lily culture, the latter illustrated by color plates which make home experimentation in- evitable. Gladicli, by A. J. Macself. 1925. RISE M248g. A very complete volume on the grow- ing of the most popular Summer flower- ing bulbous plant 1930. RISE. The iris offers varlety unsuspected by those who know only the showier types. In a book for the amateur the author pays some attention to these neglected irises, as well as exhaustively treating the German and English va- rleties. . e Chrysanthemum and Its Culture, Thb\'cs A White. 1930. RISE.WS8. All types of “mums” for garden and specialty %mwlng with directions for thefr growth, exhibition and protection against insects and diseases. Carnations for Everyman, by M. C. Allwood. 1831. RISE.AI 5. Practical Carnation Culture, by T. A Weston. 1931. RISE.W53 The carnation covers not only the well known greenhouse varlety but the nardler garden sorts, including the pinks of our grandmothers' gardens, the al- pines and rock dianthus for the modern rockery. The Background. Lawn Making. by Leonard Barron. 1923. RISP.B27 While not every home has a garden, most of them have a lawn. Explicit directions for the construction and care of the lawn, treatment of natural s face, trees on the lawn, etc, make up & thoroughly useful volume. Evergreens for the Small Place, by F. F. Rockwell. 1928. RISL.R599e. A timely volume on & much-abused | class of landscape plants. The Book of Shrubs, by A. C. Hottes. 1928. RISL.HT9. An indispensable book for the gar- dener who uses shrubbery to any ex- tent, and equally helpful for those who must choose their shrubs with care. Every detail of planting and cultivation is given. The lists by color, type and environment are particularly valuable. Shrubs for Amateurs, by W. J. Bean. 1924. RISL.B37 An excellent text for the inexperi. enced grower. Ornamental Trees for Amateurs, by W J. Bean. 1925. RISL.B270. Washingion is particularly favored in its climate for the growing of such ornamental trees as the magnolia, cherry, flowering crab, judas tree and others. Cuitivation, pruning and the care of old described in this practical book, tng, are 'RHYTHM BY BRU(C OOKING back, the record would be some- thihg like this: Unbounded op- timism; ‘“new era”; everything's go- to be always all rl%ht. ollapse; dis- illusionment. says the Bible, “is the be- inning of wisdom.” Elnm we are thor- oughly scared we do not start to recover. Congress was thor- oughly scared when it convened the most sensible Congress in a long time, thoroughly scared, and more constructive business thinking has been done than for many years. Bankets have been thoroughly scared, and we shall have a sounder bankin, The greatest impression that is a fresh realization of the rhythm of human existence does not move in a straight line forward and up, much as we would like to think so. It swings. 1t swings too far to the left, bum In the course of too far to the right. forward. But most of us fail to sense the rhythm We are looking for a fixedness, a finality which does not exist. change is the one unchanging fact in the universe; that because a situation is so today is the one sure reason why it will not be so tomorrow. In these depression petiods we question everything. We probe with doubts. We react. And the For 25 years we worshiped “scientific progress.” Now we won- der whether a lot of this so-called progress of filllng up the world and speeding it up. whether less things and more thinking may not lead to the hap- pler life. In education we have been devoted to the men and women to do things. We are swinging back to the old- fashioned idea that education is not a filling of the brain, In government we have multiplied laws and bureaus and taxes. Now the worm is turning. The taxpayer rebels; government must simplify, deflate. We had a great period of misdirected idealism, a educatin world. this Is the rhythm of living of our fear, clearer vision, Fie Japénese Deny U. S. everybody, “improving” everything, enlightening the ow we are beginning to suspect that the older civilizations have fully as much to teach us as we to teach them. Action and reaction, ebb and flow, trial and efror, change— Out of our overconfidence, fear; out sh hope. And out of hope—progress. (Copyright. 1932 ) C, APRIL 3, 1932—PART TWO. I Farmers of Poland last December, and it has been Business has been system. this experience has made on me The race 8 its nose, and swings back, these great swings it edges i e do not realize that reaction is beneficent. id not consist merely We begin to wonder ractical, to training an enrichment of the spirit and assion for Criticism Facing Hard Times WARSAW.—The financial plight _of the Polish farmer is becoming more desperate every day. It is true that the price of rye, wheat, oats and other agricultural products has risen about 60 per cent e the Autumn, but that fact makes the farmer st more bittet, for he does not benefit by it all. Compelled to sell all his produce im- mediately after Lhed lh.nves[_ his rn is empty now, and In many cases i‘-; will Have to buy seed for Spring sowing at much higher prices than he received for his grain. Meanwhile, by April 11, 1932, the farmers will have to pay more than 40,- 000,000 zloty ($450.000) In taxes, and they are uilng themselves where that 15 to be obtained and on what they | :‘:fl'vln! to live until the next har- | vest, not to speak of feeding their live tock. Stock, many & farmer would not hesitate to close his homestead and migrate to the city. But to sell live stock is a matter of impossibility in Poland just now. 'The supply is tremendous, ‘the demand next to nothing. For a fairly cow it is impossible to obtain more than 50 zioty (8$5.50), for an ordinary horse 20 zloty (82.20), and even for 15 zloty (81.60) one can buy on old hotse still it for work in the fields. The dis- proportion is absurb—a peasant would have to sell two horses to raise money to buy a pair of boots. The plight of the farmers, compos- ing about 75 _per cent of the popula- tion, is the chief cause of the stagna- tion in commerce and Industry. farmers have ceased to be consumers of practically every manufactured arti- cle. The factories in Poland are well equipped and capable of making every i inable kind of ware; since there is no demand because of the poverty of the largeMt class of consumers, the workshops have to rematn idle, Copyright. 1632 Black Sea Gr;l]llflliy Destroying Small City BOFIA —Anhialo, a little Bulgarian town on the Black Bea, seems destined to disappear. Little by little it is being eaten up by the sea. This Winter Anhialo was damaged by waves more than in other years. One hundred houses were destroyed and | about 300 families are homeless. The | waves are caused by a strong current from the opposite side of the Black Sea breaking on the Bulgarian coast near| Anhialo. Anhialo (3,000 Inhabitants) is sit« uated 10 miles north of Burgas, now the main Bulgarian port on the Black Sea. It is built upon a little peninsula connected with the land by a narrow dike. The town was founded by the | Greeks. Near there a thousand or so years ago the Greeks were defeated by he Bulgarian Crzar Bimeon. In the Middle Ages crusaders xu!n? from West- ern Europe to Palestine often besieged 1f it were possible to sell the | The | Belgium’s New (Continued From First Page) medium or long-term discount societies to develop their scope, an international | rediscount institution would be founded to function in close agreement with the Bank of International Settiements. | This institution itself would secure its | capital by issuing long-term | We are confronted with a strange| phenomenon. In spite of the hatreds | and rancors left by the German occu- | pation the Belgians as a whole, with | | the exception of a trifling fraction of | “natlonalists,” have come to understand sooner than the French that the trouble with post-war economy is that there has been too much tribute and too little investment. In Belgium, and mainly through the influence of men like Francqui, it has been realized in spite of the war Iruflffi that & Franco-German under- standing s essential to a return of | prosperity because otherwise Germany | will be unable to sec capital |, The same difficulty—Francqul hi frankly agreed with mc in talks abo | the Soviet problem—applies in the case | of Russia, which at this stage of her | development ought o be a borrowing | country. Both countries are-trylng to| | compensate for their lack of capital— lfla:ld in the one case, fixed in the| other—by a policy of excessive exports | which threaten to become a disturbing | ielemem. for Eutope ‘The world crisis is more political nd moral than economic. This Fra qul has understood at once, because his life, his mental formation are essen-| tially international. Probably he would be ready to acknowledge when in a reminiscent and confidential mood that | he learned more about the world and human nature when he worked as a pioneer for the second King of Belgium, Leopold II, in China than in many of his later governmental and financial leading posts. It is through thelr world experience that men like Francqui have learned that the present economic life of the world no longer permits the existence of tight compartments. That is why I always feel, when meeting Francqui _during my rather frequent visits to Belglum, that he is one of those rare great citizens of the | world such as Europe used to have at the end of the eighteenth century, but who disappeared in the nineteenth | as a result of the struggle for the awakening of nationalities. | Perhaps he has been lucky in being | born a Belglan. When I see the limi- | tations under which even the best of | he present European statesmen be- longing to’the great powers labor (I speak, of course, of the serious ones, not of the political adventurers and “movie” stars or of their servants and emissaries), I am inclined to admit that our big old European nations | seem less likely than the small ones to accomplish a work of international reconciliation. They are, perhaps, too ‘Understands the Crisis. [ d conquered Anhialo. Uniil the war much engrossed in the importance of As Hurting Friendshi the majority of the inhabitants were Greeks. Then they emigrated to Greece (Continued Prom Third Page.) having planned to expand her territory | during the last 3,000 years | “How does this compare with the rapid expansion of the territory of the United States during a little more than 100 years since her independence? How does this compare with Great Britain? And how about Russia, or China, which | p of Nations derstanding betweei the two nations is dwindling little by little. “HoWever, just as we are convinced that the United Btates will not accept any lawful pressute of interference by other countries, so do we hope that the Amerieans, both officlal and individual, vill understand that Japan will not ield to any unlawful pressure ot in- terference of other countries and will recently tend to charge Japan with ag- abandon their attitude tending to| ression more than any other country? |threaten or oppress others. ow did these countries come into “There mn‘ arise many questions be- session of their vast teftitorles, which |tween Japan find the United Btates, but are clearly marked out in the world so long as Japan continues to walk the map? | righteous path of humanity and so long "glow does this compare with the a ‘EF the United Btates will understand | titude of Japan, which did not take|this fair and just foreign policy of Manchuria, to which she has a rightful | Japan and will not overstep the scope of claim as her ‘life line' and even went |her duties, thete ought to be a way for 50 far as to return Bhantung to China? | (‘(‘ml‘:nllflkla and c:—u{);raun!r;‘ in uln('; | of destruction, ant us the sacre Advises Ametica to Co-Operate. | pogce of the world will be maintained | “We take this opporfunity to advise and a way will be found therein for the the Americans in particular, both offi- promotion of welfare of the entire hu- cial and individual, to change their manity. In this sense, we deem it the | minds so that they may co-operate with | duty of the two nations to be careful | Japan. Recently the United States| not to become the laughing stock of | makes it a point of doubting Japan &t future historians for narrow-minded- every turn, while Japan, too, is gradu- ness and lack of political wisdom und ally coming to harbor doubts about the | sincerity on the part of both Améican | and their places were taken by Buls garian immigrants from Turkey. It has been found profitable to culti- vate Christmas trees as a crop and in- cidentally for timber, and the New York State College of Forestry at Byracuse has recently lasu mation for those who contemplate em- barking in this line. ‘The most popular species are Not- | way spruce, balsam fir, white and red | spruce and Douglas fir. Plantations should be made of ear-old trans- | plants. Any soil of texture, such as moist loam. should be satisfactory. Extreme conditions, such as excessively dry or wet soil, should be avoid e trees should be sei 4 feet apart, which allows for 2,700 trees to the acre. This is in the event that the plantation is set out for Christmas trees only. If the | plantation is deslgred to produce a| combination of timber and Christmas | trees, the seedlings should be planted 3 by 3 in a system of triangulhr spacing. This spacing gives 5600 trees to the acre. When the trees are old enough for the Christmas market the plantas | tion should be thinned out so as to leave evenly spaced trees for timber. | their national traditions and interests. 1 can never forget that I had never heard of Francqui until I went to China in 1911 as Italian Minister. Well, when traveling from Peking to Hankow, when talking about common European _f{riends with experienced Chinese officials and statesmen, one of the names I most frequently heard |from them was the name of this Bel- | glan, Francqui; to them he was not only a type of Aryan directness, but ed some valuable infor- | 2180 of Aryan fair play and loyalty. | Erancqui’s memory had remained alive RESORTS. WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, W. VA an motor and ew Wil t run henre; i Washi C &O.Ry. brier Airpor! tions at the glon. United Btates, and thus the cordial un- | and Japanese.” U. S. Proves Sincerity of Latin American Policy by Rejecting Moncada Plan| ___(Continued From Third Page) stitution and the will of the majority of the Nicaraguan people. A single one of these consequences would have sufficed to obstruct the Posten of inter-American uiderstand- g which has been characteristic of the last four years. All of them, contradicting the right steps recently taken and violating the promises of non-intervention and withdrawal, would have undone all the good lately accomplished, and would have left very little sklnding of the new Latin American policy of the State Depart- ment. Hence the rejoicing with which the official commubique announcing the department’s position toward the Nicaraguan situation has been received The refusal of the United States government to sanction in any way, or even to admit as conductive to the welfare of the Nicaraguan people. the plans submitted by President Moncada's representatives, is in accord with that enlightened policy which the State Department inaugurated four years ago. Aud it will set a precedent of in- calculable significance for the future As a Latin American chief of mission expressed it the other day in a cable- gram to Senor Sacasa—the candidate which the Nicaraguan people are sup- porting overwhelmingly against the machinations of the men at present in power—all Oentral America will applaud” the attitude adopted by Wash- ington. | hav | servation of such gains. Test of Sincerity. It is easy to see why. The Nicaraguan “episode” has served to test the sincerity of the State Departmen’s new | Latin American policy. It has served to prove that the United States Government has really abandoned its interventionistic regime of yesterd: It has served to show that there is today in Washington a better under- standing of the ingernal politics of the | Caribbean countries, and a greater respect for their sovereignty and their ability to conduet their own domestic problems. | The communique of the State Depart- ment is particularly gratifying in this respect, for it begins declaring that “the | amendment of the Nicaraguan consti-| tution is of course & question for determination by Nicaragua alone.” This language, which should certainly encourage those who have exhibited discontent and resentment over the| “big brothers” attitude, the “big stick" | policy, the “international police power™ | and other slogans of Rooseveltian days. | ‘Then the communique goes on to| express the department’s views on the | matters on which its advice has been | sought. It first reminds the Nicaraguan | delegates that “the present Nicaraguan | constitution contains provisions for partial amendment which makes it possible to amend the constitution with- out resorting to the extraordinary procedure of electing a constituent assembly,” if such partial amendments &s are judged urgent by President Mon- cada must indeed be made. Later on it adds that “it appears to be some- what doubtful whether, in view of the pertinent provision of the Nicaraguan constitution. a constituent assembly could legally be chosen during the present year. Dangers Are Obvious. Of course, what the followers of President Moncada wanted was the calling of the constituent assembly, the only body which could take up the matter of his continuance in power. The other partial amendments to the constitution were, likely, only a cloak to_their schemes. > communique is perfectly clear in stressing the fact that presidential elections must take place during the present year, as scheduled and that a new chief executive must be inaugu- rated on the 1st of January of 1933, according to the present constitution | provision. The dangers of convoking| now a constituent assembly, moreover, | are obvious. The Secretary of State adds that he is “confirmed in his view of the unwisdom of considering such action at this time.” The State Department’s communique mentions, then, the “admirable prog- ress” which Nicaragua has made through the holding of free and fair elections in 1928 and 1930, and declares that “the Secretary of State believes that the course of wisdom would be to | consolidate this progress and to add another step to it through holding the regular and normal _elections, as scheduled, in 1932, for President, Vice President, one-half the membership of the Chamber of Deputies and one- third of the~8enhate of the regular Congress.” In this, the department is most emphatic. Secretary Stimson, a few years ago, played a prominent role in bringing about the end of the last civil war between liberals and conservatives in Nicaragua, and in re-establishing the reign of constitutional government and political peace in that country. It is only natural, therefore, that he should a persohal interest in the pre- No one can doubt his sincerity when he asserts that he hopes “the regular elections in November, if held as scheduled, will advance the Republic one more step toward the goal which all Nicaraguans all friends of Nicaragua desire, Inlalmely. toward peace, order and sta- bility." After all, President Moncada's own diplomatic agent in Washington, Charge d’Affaires de Baile, stated the other day, during a hmud:‘ns: intervie! hi Nicaragua enjoyed In 1928 the ing of free and fair elections y should anybody wish to discontinue that “blessing"? (Copyright, 1932.) . Longer Rails Making Train Travel Easier MELBOURNE, Australia.—The Aus- tralian railways are likely soon to have tracks that will be practically in one piece. The jolting of trains over rail joints will then be a thing of the past. Recent research has dispelled the old theory of the expansion and contraction of railroad tracks with variations in temperature. It has been found that & rail 200 feet long expands only about the same amount as a rail 45 feet long. Tests had been earried out with ordi- nary rails welded into 200-foot lengths, and improvement in the smoothness of travel has resulted. ‘There is also a sibility of rubber tires, which wol prevent vibration and noise and allow faster speeds being used. These are being investigated for motors. ve a wooden rim inside so that deflation does not cause derailment. Indicator lights are fitted so that de- flation to the extent of half shown, (Copyright, 1992.) RESORTS. RESORTS. YORK HARBOR, MAINE 70 Miles from Boston 44 Miles to Portland on United States Highway No. 1-A Among the oldest and most substantial of New England's Resorts. Charmingly situated on high land, bordering ocean, bath- ing beach, a good harbor and a beautiful eight-mile river. During all the vears its attractiveness has not been marred by any objectionable element having gained a foothold. All land and water sports. Country Club has an eighteen-hole and a nine- hole course which rank among the best in the country. Cottages fully equipped for housckeeping. Excellent hotel accommodations Apply to Secretary of York Harbor Village Corporation Takw's Blue Glacier WAY up in this mystic Northland you'll find lots of surprising things . . . a wedding of glaciers . .. the birth of icebergs . . . Indian villages on stilts. Gardens bloom with brier roses and mignonette . . . the Alaskans g0 to ball games after supper. It's a land lavish with treasures . . . gold and platinum . . . black and silver fox . streams alive with ruddy salmon . . . forests abounding in game . . . meadows ablaze with wildflowers. Take the rail trip over White Pass to Lake Atlin. . . voyage down the historic Yukon River to Dawson City. Princess Steamers sail every Wednesday and Saturday to Skagway and return (9 days)—$90.00 and up from Vancouver or Seattle. Special Cruise Princess Charlotte (Aug. 9—ifor 12 days)—$125.00 and up. Stop at RBanff and Lake Louise—en route through Canadian Rockies. For reservations and all particulars, ask (anadian Pacific C. E. Phelps, General Agent, 14th and New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. National 0758. FAST TRANSCONTINENTAL TRAIN SERVICE from Montreal, Toronto and . R Fates (from May 15-return mamm EX [< ‘Going Grand Gan ifornia; or Y4 - Columbia Hfll y; or Glacier National- Mt. Rainier-also Alaska. i Lake Louise and Banff. Aleo Special Tour 63§ Glorious Days Canadian Rockies—$60. Financial King | in old Peking in spite of the fact that he had gone back to Europe six or seven years before my arrival. An erican, an Italian, a Frenchman | might have impressed men like Chang Chi-tung or Tang Shao-y as a superior type of their own national culture. About Prancqui they instinctively felt that he was that rarer thing—a man, an independent man. The same type is wanted today in distressed Europe—men Ilike PFrancqui, loyal to their countries, but immune from natlonalistic labels. . Uniforms for “Sweep™ Girls. Qirls who mix the counterfoils for the Irish Hospitals Sweepstakes at Dublin, Irish Free State, are now garbed in a specially designed uriform. It is founded on & military uniform of the Napoleonic period and is carried out in the Irish national colors, green, white and gold. The shoulders are fin- ished with epaulets, The trousers are of white pique. with a broad gold stripe. There is a silken sash of St. Patrick's blue and a cap of the shake type. The uniforms give a spectacular effect to the drawings which attracts those who like to place thewr money on the races. RESORTS. _ATLANTIC CITY, N. J._ = & TLANTICCITY'S NEWESF LINAAVE: ..Ju:t%jp A GREATER MOTEL VALUES will be "I this e Yo e T’ pust Mok arate Brced Hosl wil them with the wval ( | | FAUTIFUL LOCATION— | OCEAN AND PARK. ; MOST B § FA | § APRIL. .. the most alluring s 3 month of Atlantic City’s Spring Season. Winter rates still in effeet Best of Saddle Horses on Beac Leo Sha Speeial week end R.R. fare (round trin). #ood from Friday to Mondas. $8.50. WELCOME THE SPRING at. olten Manor One of rhe Finest Hotels In Atlantic City SPECIAL LOW WEEKLY RATES Rest and play in the sunshine and sea aie invigorating change. Enjoy anor's marvelous coisine, na- mous. Hite or wire wth Caroling Ave. PRING RATES w Managemeny COSTS LESS THAN EVER! Vacations that permit you to see all that®s interesting in minimum time,accompanied by an experienced escort—that’s what the Chicage & North Western-Union hn{t Department of Tours offers you. All- expense rate includes everything—no extras. All arrangements made in advance. Thirty-two years of successful expericnce have shown us HOW. All-Expense Vacations as low as $142.48 FROM CHICAGO We serve 15 National Parks ond more of the West than any other railroad, including: YELLOWSTONE ZION— BRYCE— GRAND CANYON ROCKY MOUNTAIN— RAINIER YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARKS CALIFORNIA— COLORADO — UTAH ALASKA—PACIFIC NORTHWEST CANADIAN ROCKIES Por detatled information and free booklet r_-_.m COUPON NOW. . 1 DEPARTMENT OF TOURS | Chicage & North Wastern _Unlon Pacific 1 200 Frankiin Trust 508 Commercial ’ Bldg. i 18% end C! Sts. " iebaphia, . am Interested M & folr £0..oma... - ——rv.— v