Evening Star Newspaper, March 14, 1932, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. .March 14, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Busingss Ofce: © 11th St. and Pennsylvanis Ave. New York Ofce. 110 East (3nd ,;n foronean Omee 1% vu:-m'fi. London. England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Evening Star.. . .45c per month e Evening and S ar ‘when 4 Sundays) . 60c per month The Evening and Sun (when 5 Sundays) 65¢ per month y Star S8 ger copy ade at the end of ‘sach month Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Efly and Sundsy.....1 yr. $000: 1 mo. nday on 1080 T men 46 ay only Il All Other States and Canada. _— THE _EVENI 25 it was necessary to borrow mioney | where existence is dependent upon in huge sums to carry on business. | deflance of law and order and govern- Kreuger was recently in America seek- | ment. There is no use blinking the ing assistance. It was not to be had|fact that this emergency has so far here. He had hoped for results from [found the forces of law and order im- a gold miné in Sweden, rated poten- | potent, tumbling over each other in tially as one of the richest in the world. | misdirected fits and starts, and that But technical difficulties were met there. | hope for the child's return seems based The deposit lay at great depth and the |on the success of overtures and bar- ore contained & heavy percentage of |gaining with criminals; in other words, arsenic, the elimination of which made | that we have reached the stage where refining costly. Only recently the re- [law-abiding citizens are willing and fining problem had been practically | anxious, through necessity, to pay what solved, but the mine had not become a | tribute is demanded from the under- sufficient producer to tide Kreuger over | world to secure protection vainly sought the height of his troubles. Perhaps a little more time would have brought him through. He preferred to close the chapter. The tragedy is of little ac- count individually, as compared with the disaster which it signifies to the great number of holders of Kreuger securities in all countries. So grave is the situation in respect to the outcome of the adjustment required by the passing of this remarkable man that 1 Member of the Associated Press. The Associsted Press is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of wll Rews dis: Pasches cradiied o it ar not otherwite cred fled I this paper and giso the iocal news published herein. All rights of publication o Decial dispatches herein are also reserved. ily and Sunday...lyr.$1200: 1 mo.. $1.00 . J1yr., $800: 1 mo., Bl saf S R A B e Von Hindenburg's Virtual Victory. Germany's election yesterday resulted in a deadfall in that there was no de- cision, but the votes as cast demon- strated so heavy a preponderance in favor of Von Hindenburg that his vietory in the Tun-off, which will oceur on April 10, is clearly indicated. The veteran President, with 18,661,736 votes out of a total of 37,660,377, was only 168,453 short of the actual majority re- quired. He had a plurality of 7,333,165 over Hitler, his nearest opponent. Two striking facts appear in the tabulation of the votes. One is that Hindenburg polled about four million more than were cast for him in 1925, when there were only two rivals in the field against him. The other is that Hitler was given about 4,650,000 more votes yes- terday than his party received in the Reichstag election of 1930. Two other facts are of importance in this preliminary contest. The Com- munists, with 4,900,000 votes, made no important gains over the vote of 1930, when they polled 4,590,000. The Na- tionalists, who include the monarchical party, received 2,517,876 votes, not enough if combined with the Hitler strength to overtake Ven Hindenburg in the run-off. The real balance of power in yesterday's election was held by the smallest of the five groups that put candidates in nomination, the In- dependents, whose candidate, now in prison on a criminal charge, polied 181,115, or enough, if added to Hinden- burg's total, to give him the necessary majority over all. The Independents represented an organization known as the League of Creditors of the Reichs- bank, their platform demanding re- demption of the inflated post-war marks. The campaign preceding the first election drew the lines principally be- tween Hindenburg and Hitler, between continuation of the present government and the adoption of the Pascist policy of repudiation of the Versailles treaty. Hitler had been granted German citl- menship on the eve of the election in order to enable him to present himself as s candidate. He conducted a vigor- ous campaign. Despite his age, how- ever, Von Hindenburg himself took part in the canvass, and undoubtedly at- tracted many thousands of votes. ‘The possibility of a coalition between Hitler and Hugenberg, lesder of the Nationalists, is not now contemplated ‘with anxiety, in view of the very small total of the latter vote. It is to be sur- mised that there was in effect such a coalition in yesterday's balloting. Even it the remnant of the Hugenberg strength should go to Hitler in the run- off the result would not be the election of the “Nazi” leader. A confident pre- diction 1s mede by Hitler’s press depart- the Swedish government finds it neces- sary by act of Parliament to declare a moratorium for a fortnight on the obli- gations of the holding company and its manifold affiliates. ————————— Democratic Funds. The Democratic “Victory Pund Cam- paign” is moving on. John W. Davis, chairman of the Campaign Committee, has announced that a total of $555,000 of the million and a half dollars sought ‘is now in sight. Of this amount $300,000 is composed of $200,- 000 pledged the Democratic National Committee by Chicago when the com- mittee agreed that the party's national convention should be held in the Windy City June 28 and another $100,000 pledged by John J. Raskob as his con- tribution if the victory fund should be raised. There have, however, been & large number of individual contributors of smaller sums to the fund, Mr. Davis reported, a total, indeed, of $45817, coming from men and women in all parts of the country. This amount of money, already paid or pledged. is almost sufficient to en- able the Democratic National Commit- tee to discharge its debt to Chairman John J. Raskob, running into the hun- dreds of thousands of dollars, and to keep the national headquarters func- tioning up to within striking hour of the national convention. Chairman Davis has declared himself well satis- fied with the results up to the present time and has pointed out that. already the number of contributors to the fund is half as large as the entire number of contributors to the Demoeratic na- tional campaign finances in 1928. And Mr. Raskob should be well pleased. He has contributed liberally from his own funds to the Democratic national organization. So largely, in- deed, that some of his critics have sug- gested that he holds & mortgage on the Democratic party itself. He has financed in great part the operations of the na- tional committee headquarters during the last three years. And now it has been proposed that at one fell swoop the Democrats wipe off their treasury deficit, which is in considerable part the debt it owes Mr. Raskob, and raise sufficient money to keep the head- quarters operating at full speed ahead until the convention takes place, and to give the party a $500,000 nest egg with which to start the campaign after the convention. This is a laudable goal. Many members of the Democratic party have been irked because of the huge debt owed Chairman Raskob. And yet it has seemed impossible in these days of depression to pay off this debt. Campaign contributions this year “come hard,” when practically every- one in the country has felt the pinch of lessened business activity. But cam- paigns for the election of candidates for public office require money, if the politicians are to be belleved. They have required a great deal of money in the past, as has been shown by con- gressional committees which have delved into the matter. After all, the ment chief that the “Steel Helmets”|expenditure of money in these cam- will merge with the “Nazis” in April, | paigns helps to keep many persons em- but he concedes that this alone would not | Ployed, and perhaps the national cam- swing the run-off, claiming that Hitler | Paign will do its bit to relieve unem- will receive enough votes from Hinden- | Ployment. The great evil of large burg’s present supporters to give him | campaign expenditures has lain in the the victory. Which is not to be con- |fact that a few contributors make large sidered seriously. There is far more likelihood of a defection of Hitlerites to Von Hindenburg, and even more likelihood of a swing from the Hugen- berg ranks to the President. Yesterday's voting, though inconclu- sive, greatly relieves the situation in Europe. It is practically assured that there will be no pronounced reaction in Germany, and there will be a definite gifts, d because of those gifts have held & grip on party organization, in- deed on party policies. The plan of the Democrats to raise a fund to square themselves with the world and Mr. Raskob and to put the party campaign on a pay-as-you-go basis is wise and should be helpful. The Republicans during the Coolidge cam- palgn in 1924 adopted that kind of easing of tension in France and in Eng- | financing for their operations and have land, where the election was being ‘watched with keen anxiety. ————— When a man worth an enormous for- tune commits suicide, the old debate on whether wealth brings happiness is re- sumed with increasing emphasis in sup- port of the negative side. S R End of a Remarkable Career. Ivar Kreuger, the “Match King, pretty well stuck to it. Instead of deficits that had to be paid off by generous gifts from large contributors after the fights were over, the two latest national campaigns have left the Republican treasury with a surplus on hand. It is bad business for any political party to have a deficit at the close of a campaign. It can only give the voters the impression of bad man- agement and an aversion to placing who took his own life in Paris on | the affairs of their government in such Saturday, was one of the most in- teresting personalities in the world view. Yet he was one of the least known. He was a rare combina- tion of shyness and boldness. He shunned pub’ic attention, gave no in- terviews to the press, forbade all pub- Mcity regarding his personal movements, and still was not in a social sense a recluse. He mixed freely with people, was & charming host at entertainments and enjcyed the soclety of congental spliits. In business he was direct- dealing and resourceful, gifted with a broad vision and an extraordinary sense of values. Nevertheless, he came to the | point of failure through overextension ' of his operations. His suicide was a confession of that failure. Kreuger, born in Sweden fifty-one years ago, came to this country at the age of thirty and made his first money selling real estate in Chicago. After various engagements here, in England | and in Canada, he returned to his native | land in 1908 and, tsking certain inter- ests of his father in a match manufac- tory as the nucleus, organized the great match monopoly that spread from 8weden to other countries. The hold- ing company expanded to include other interests until it became one of the hands. R — ‘When debts become large and com- plicated, some form of mathematics dealing with a cancellation system is naturally employed if possible. ¢ —— s Al Capone’s Gesture. There is nothing significant in the fact that a crock behind the bars should beg for a chance to recover the Lind- bergh child—at the price of his lib- jerty. ‘That is only natural. | There is great significance in the | fact that Al Capone's gesture—nobody, unhappily, knows whether it is more than that—has awakened real inter- {est. It is reasonable to assume that it has been seriously considered, if not j openly by the officials of this Govern- jment, at least by millions of citizens. 'The reason for such ccnsideration is |obvious. Somehow we visualize the baby as a hostage, and against the cost of its redemption the relatively unim- portant sentence to prison of a gang- |ster. If such alternatives were in Im.lul presented, and left to popular choice, there would be no question ,about the baby’s return. I In this lies the grim significance of from the forces organized and set up by law to furnish it. Of course, that condition is not new. ence of the various “rackets” that sub- sist on tribute for protection of one sort or another has made us callous, They have been taken for granted as a part ! of the order of things. They have been ! regarded, generally, as involving the characters of the underworld, and “kill and let kill” has been accepted as the easiest policy in dealing with them. The Lindbergh tragedy accentuated the evil proportions of such a condition as no other incident could have done, and has brought home the truth that as a mat- ter of fact no decent citizen is safe and every decent citizen is in danger. What is to be the answer? Where is the thing to stop? Is the tragedy at Hopewell to be the signal for surrender to the underworld or a call to battle? — It is more and more fashionable to quote Shakespeare. Without trying to | revive the old skepticisms professed as to the authorship, it may be mentioned that the poet was not always completely accurate when he expressed himself in terms of philosophy. Polonius was only “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” The borrower can hope for a morato- rium. e No government can hope to run without taxes. The people themselves demand liberal and even extravagant public expenditures, however much they may resent the necessity of supplying the funds. Fortunately, hope springs eter- nal and there are s0 many different kinds of taxes that a trisl and error system of experimentation may be car- ried on for an indefinite length of time. —ra———— Rum running has been practically suspended owing to the thorough search of conveyances of all kinds for kid- napers. The underworld would find it profitable, in the long run, not only to return a victim as promptly as pos- sible, but to contribute a share of the ransom money. e — Psychologists interest themselves in the mental processes of lower animals, though perhaps not to the extent that they would if chimpanzees were in posi- tion to offer fees for psychoanalytic alibis. o Messages over diaf telephones are dif- ficult to trace. Great inventions in serving the law-abiding citizen must also be reckoned with as affording in- creased facilities to the blackmailer. Gallant fighters under George Wash- ington also realized that there may be a time in a nation’s affairs when hoard- ing contradicts both discretion and propriety. ————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Misguiding Assurances. ‘There’s just one man I truly fear, And he is not so brave. If as a foreman he'd appear Myself I'd hope to save. It is the person who compels An utter sense of woe; The man who confidently tells The things he doesn't know. He mentions how to cure a cold And which way to invest; How my expense can be controlled And what will cure unrest. My patience holds and ne‘er rebels. | As plodding on I go, I only dread the man who tells ‘The things he doésn't know. He brings an hour of gentle bliss. ‘The whole earth seems to bloom ‘While he's explaining that or this— And next I'm left in gloom. ‘Where he predicted fragrant dells I'm forced to shovel sniow. I tremble at the man who tells ‘The things he doesn't know. Moderate Aspiration. “What do you regard as the highest honor to which a statesman can aspire?” “To be mentioned kindly by the friends at home” answered Senator Sorghum. “Don’t you want biographies and statuary?” “Only in moderation. I'll have been sufficiently involved in controversy during my lifetime without going off and getting mixed up with literary and art critics.” Jud Tunkins says some men would despise & dole and yet not hesitate to take money for doin’ nothin’ so long as it was called salary. Big Enterprise. We're very rich, this country grand. But even wealth provokes regrets. As larger business we command, Bookkeeping still more ponderous gets. But if the losses come along ‘We know the tide will turn some day. Profits will be both swift and strong | When business goes the other way. Pursuing a Penalty. “Do you think people who gamble in the stock market ought to be punished?” “I don’t know about that,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax. “But they usually are.” “Fortunate indeed,” said Hi Ho, the | sage of Chinatown, “is the man who not only can boast of riches, but also of the manner in which they were gained.” Unwieldy. Men ask for war's grim recklessness. And long before they're through with it, T?q pause and candidly confess They don't know what to do with it. As a people, familiarity with the exist- | deep. fifty per cent correet when he said, | THIS AND THAT Unexpected guests arrived at the feast of crumbs set out on the snow in the Templeton Jones’ backyard for the e T v tom .Who could they have but. starlings? % Just how they got wind of the ban- quet, as early as the second day, is but another mystery of bird life, along with migration. o No one ever explained why birds migrate, how they do qc. and, l&ve all, the instinct behind it, beyond a gener- alization which is only word-surface The w\ande:mc mvst‘e'nryt hx;em-uu the same today was . Just so will be the ;w‘lfll;e.e:lmnfiltlh which the gang of starlings, Wintering over in Rock Creek Park, got scent or sight or however-it-is-they-do-is of the platter of crumbs laid out so temptingly on the enormous cloth of snow in the Jones yard. * % ox % ‘The feast was intended for the snow- it, especially the cookies, which made up the better part of the second day's repast. Intent readers of this column will re- | member how some rather hard baking powder biscuits, permitted to remoin in the oven too long, constituted the bill- of-fare the first day. They will wonder now how cookies, traditional American delicacies, came to be wasted on birds. ‘The explanation is a simple one: ‘The oven was too hot for the cookies, too. ‘The result was that within 24 hours they would have dented the side of a barn, if thrown thereat with sufficient speed. Mr. Jones, being a very determined gentleman, refused to eat the cooklies, even though made expressly for his benefit, and determined to throw them to the birds. i i It was realized, however, that no junco could drill a hole into those cookies without human aid. Accordingly, each one was deftly broken into bits and the bits spread with a throwing motion over the sur- face of the snow. City readers may express surprise that there was all this snow so late in _the week. Out on the Jones farm there is plenty of snow. The temperature is lower out that way, the wind has a better chance to make a sweep of it and the much smaller number of homes per acre, as compared with the city, makes for less radiated heat. There can be no doubt that the thousands of chimneys in a city, com- paratively close together, make a sort of heat blanket over the entire com- munity. » Nothing comparable to this prevails in the suburban areas. The “heat blanket” is lacking. The result is that the snow of March 6 remained on the ground & great many days in these areas. Suburban dwellers, forced to wear rubbers, found themselves on dry sidewalks in town. The snowbirds, smacking their bills over the diet of baking powder biscuit, set up a shrill clamor at the sight of the sugar cookies. Perhaps even the birds like their bit of sugar. o Scarcely had the juncos begun to gather n{m a shadow fell across the banquet table. It was made by a very black, a very squat and a very large bird. This bird had practically no tail. This gave him a waddling air, which in & human being would have been branded swaggering. No one will wish to detract from the credit due leaders of both pariles in Congress in their handling of the bud- get crisis dnd the courageous proposals of the House Ways and Means Com- mittee to raise more than a billion of dollars in new tax revenues. But the fact remains that despite all of the declarations that “we must balance the budget. We will balance the budget. We have balanced the budget,” the additional taxes carried in the new tax bill will still leave the Government unable to meet all its obligations in 1933. No attempt has been made to provide for the $479,000,000 that un- der the law must be paid into the sinking fund in that year. The ury must either borrow to meet those payments or suspend the sinking fund altogether for a year. While suspen- sion will involve no actual increase in the total of public debt, it will prevent the reduction of the debt which Con- gress prescribed in the sinking fund act, and for which, under a strict bud- getary policy, provision ought to he made. Moreover, the Treasury will be out another $270,000,000 in 1933 un- less foreign governments resume pay- ments on their debts at the close of the Hoover moratorium. Few informed persons e; that this debt payment money will be forthcoming next year. Together these two items represent three-quarters of a billion dollars of nominal deficit in 1933 even with all the new taxes now proposed and even without any additional appropriations for roads, for unemployment relief or for the war veterans. * Xk % % Mayor William B. Harrison of Louis- ville, Ky, whose trim and youthful figure and smartly tailored clothes are reminiscent of Mayor Jimmy Walker of New York, minus the Walkeresque Broadway frills, passed thrcugh Wash- ington last week en route home, Mayor Harrison has been in New York as a guest of the Board of Trade, invited to reveal the magic by which his city was able to operate under a full head of steam and to g> ahead with an undiminished program of municipal activities with the lowest per capita cost and the lowest per capita debt of any city over the 300,000 population mark in the United States. In these times of bankrupt municipal finance and overburdened municipal taxation the Louisville reccrd has attracted wide attention. In New York Mayor Harrie son was introduced as the ejghth won- der of the world. In Washington he was recelved by President Hoover and visited the House and Senate. He was the .Republican gubernatorial candidate in Kentucky last year. One of these days scon, according to his admirers, he is going to govern the State or rep- resent it in the Senate, or both. * ok ok Ok George Palmer Putnam, New York publisher, publicist and explorer, is in a tilt with the War Department over the question of the publication of “un- pleasant” war pictures. Publisher Put- nam has in preparation a “pictorial document against war, graphically flict.” For his purposes the more horrible the pictures the better. He has select- ed photos from the files of the United States S Corps. Ordinarily copies cial pictures are available to any one who is willing to pay for the prints. But in this case the War De- partment refuses. Putnam quotes Maj, Gen. Carr as saying: “To give out any such pictures would be against public policy. It would not be ethical. It would not be decent. birds, but the starlings got the most of | WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS v BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Even in a starling it was swaggering. Shortly a second arrived. He completed the scouting expedi- tion. Starlings always send a couple on ahead, in order to look over a situa- tion, and wig-wag a signal for or against the main W coming up im- mediately. There has been much feeling against these birds on the part of civic authori- ties, and no wender, but still they re- main an mures:.‘}nzt h:orm cm:f pl]ru:'.'lvely belon; 3 cmi:uwihn whfich might be termed bird clowns. Their stubby tails, their rather fat bodies, and their ressive- ness, tend to put them in the classifica- tion of buffoons. J It is, rather, the way they handle themssives while on the ground, which makes them appear ciowniike. Their walk is a waddle, amounting to & swagger. * %k % X Their arrival as a group, say about two dozen, seemed to dcisconcert the snowbirds. The juncos began to fly | away, one by one, as the starlings came on_the scene. Shortly the large bircs had full pos- session of the cookies. They did not appear to chase the snowbirds, but rather depended upon tneir compara- tive bulk to keep the little fellows away. This plan worked very well for awhile. Then, when the juncos saw that shortly there would be no food left, they began to come back, mostly one at A time, but not the entire comple- ment at any one time. There were seldlom more than two or three snowbirds on the ground with the starlings. The whote proceeding struck the observer as being adjusted upon the following basis, mutually :igned upon by the larger and smaller rds: On' the part of the starlings—that they would pretend to pay no attention to the juncos, if but two or three of the latter were present at any one time. On the part of the juncos—that they would give up their rights to the field if the starlings would permit a few of them at a time to feast unmolested. ERERETREY This, srnn{ment was rather on the snowbirds, for which the entire feast had been arranged. It was rather disconcerting to Tem- leton Jones, who had devised such a flllant fare for his small friends. | , Here were these hogs of starlings get- ting the so-called lon's share of the meal, although no one, neither Jones nor the snowbirds, had invited them gg‘r)d knew they were in the neighbor- Jones thought then of the expedient of opening the back door. - At the sound of the latch three snow- | birds and six starlings flew away. This left 18 starlings on the ground and no juncos. Jones shut the door violently, Six more starlings flew away. Score—Starlings, 12; Juncos, 0. Jones issued violently onto the back porch. Score—Starlings, 0; Juncos, 0. Thirty seconds after he went back in the house there a full two dozen star- lings eating cookies to one junco. Here were the big birds demonstrating one of their cardinal traits—persever- ance, as they would call it—stubborn- ness, as Jones would label it. They strutted all over the yard, snatching cookies as they went, while the pretty little snowbirds hopped tim- idly around, a few at a time, taking crumbs which the others left for them. Jones thought it all wrong, but what could he do about it? cookies were pretty tough, maybe they would give the big fellows indigestion. the most distinguished, of any within his experience. Secretary of Treasury Mills took the trouble to send the asso- clation a warmly complimentary letter be!p:lklnl his own exceeding enjoy- ment. . * ok ok X The World Court question, so far as the United States Senate is concerned, once again up for consideration, is once again entangled in a maze of hair- splitting. The fifth reservation as originally attached to the Senate's reso- lution of ratification was not entirely acceptable to the other powers now members of the Court, and so we are not yet in the Court. Then came the Root formula for dealing with the fifth ~ | reservation. The Root formula is ac- ceptable to the others, and the question now before the Senate is whether it is acceptable to us. The Root formula Is not a complete acceptance of the fifth reservation. The Root formula is a compromise. Senator Reed of Penn- sylvania now proposes, and his proposal has the backing of many members of | the Foreign Relations Committee, that the Senate ratify the Root formula “with the clear understanding that (then follows the original language of the fifth reservation).” In other words, under the Reed plan the Senate would ratify a compromise on the fifth reser- vation with the understanding that no compromise was involved. The Senate in effect would accept the Root formula with the understanding that the for- mula meant exactly the same thing as the fifth reservation. This strikes many observers, friends and foes of the Court alike, as traveling in a circle and ending up at the starting point, EE Gaston B. Means, one-time Secret Service operative and off-time in the public eye, whose alleged exploits ever abound in sensation and whose printed reminiseences following his release trom the Federal penitentiary in Atlanta have provoked heated controversies, was en- countered recently in a Washington re- freshment parlor. “Are you doing any writing these days, Gaston?” a friend inquired. “Nothing to speak of just now,” replied Means, “nothing since I finish the writing of the Washington Merry-Go-Round.” * Kk ox Dr. William Irving Sirovich, whose vocation is medicine, whose avocation is play-writing and whose New York City lower East Side constituency sent him to Congress, has achieved overnight fame of a sort by engaging in a wordy battle with the New York theatrical critics through the medium of an in- vestigation by Dr. Sirovich’s Committee on Patents of their “pernicious activ- itles.” Interrupting the tax bill debate in.the House last Priday, Dr. Sirovich held the floor for half an hour to ex- pound his views on the decay of the theater, the depression and the dra- matic critics. His thesis was (1) “When you take away the theater from a city or town you take away its heart, !2aving the inhabitants lifeless and pul~less.” (2) “To the vast majority of those who patrcnize the theater the verdict of the critic is final. They have the power to_either make or break a play.” (3) “Dramatic critics should be possessed of & modicum of basic equipment.” (4) “Mountebanks, shysters, quacks and pretenders are today masquerading as dramatic critics.” (Copyright, 1932) ——— Shanghai Fuss Explained. Prom the New York Sun. The best way to get the Shanghai fuss watch two ten-year- Jack. notion of how started is to boys play slap- R o Many Need Not Worry. Prom the Lynchburg News. Doctor tells indigestion. worry. Wails for Poor Old Tariff. From Keokuk City. us one’s mind may cause A lot of folks ‘| sation, after .{,"'S.,,m,m needn’t | have NG _STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1932. i I The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York and Gov. “Alfalfa Bill" Murray lock horns in their first test of strength in the West tomorrow. The North Dakota primaries show them both’en- tered. Al Smith is not in this contest. The New York Governor has the ad- vantage of a name widely known in the West. He has been put forward as “another Roosevelt,” that extent, to th: ]:::ened : h::‘t:’u:eo distant cousin he is. The Governor of | Oklahoma, on the other hand, has bene- fited in his campaign for preferment by the picturesque nickname which he | prairies. Gov. Murray, moreover, has been campaigning in the State of North Dakota himself, while Gov. Roose- velt has had to rely upon his friends in the State and by some outside speak- ers. But Roosevelt has the Democratic organization with him; he was first in the fleld, and he has the advantage of the fact that he is considered a likely winner of the Democratic presidential nomination and Murray is not. The Roosevelt people seem to be exercised particularly over the fact that because there is no real contest in the presi- dential preferential primary on the Re- publican side a lot of the Non-Partisan League Republicans and other Repub- \m may flop over and vote in the P;y wocratic primary apd vote for Mur- * koo However, there is a very real Repub- | lican contest in the only fight that l‘gllly counts in North Dakota. That is the fight for the election of delegates to the National Convention. The regular or Hoover Republicans have put a slate of delegate candidates in the field, al- though they have not entered the Presi- dent’s name in the preferential pri- mary. The Non-Partisan League Re- publican group, sometimes called pro- gressive, has entered a slate of tfele- gates, too, an uninstructed list. If enough of the Non-Partisan group should go over to the Democratic side of the primary, it might insure the elec- tion of the Hoover slate of delegates, However, it has been generally expected that the Non-Partisan uninstructed list of delegate candidates would win in the Republican contest tomorrow. North Dakota is reported to be a hotbed of discontent. It has been asserted time and a that the farmers would reg- gfinf‘;m anmn the pr?- voting against the Hoover administration. And now it is too, that they will vote for Murray as against the Governor of New York on the ground that Murray rep- Tesents a greater contrast to .existing | conditions than does Roosevelt. * ok ok Should Roosevelt win over Murra: in this country, his candidacy will jllm; forward still further, and Mi g has been beating the woods for weeks and has obtained an almost unbelievable amount of publicity in his hunt for delegates to the national committee, will suffer a distinct loss. As a matter (of fact, no Democrat really expects Murray to get anywhere in the race for the presidential nomination. The anti-Roosevelt faction in the party, however, has jumped at the candidacy of Murray, as it has at other candi- dacies, including those of Al Smith and Speaker “Jack” Garner, as another log for the barrier to be constructed across the path of the New York Governor. * ok k% The Democrats of the old Bay State have been able to come to no agree- ment in their contest of over Al Smith and Gov. Roosevelt. The Democrats | supporting Smith have declined, it is reported, to accede to the demand of the Roosevelt ocrats e dele- ve been unable to win the nomination, turn to 108 15 Aneit 2 v%'t‘“ Pt smith and su] any mm;? Roosevelt. That being the case, the Roosevelt Democrats in Massa- chusetts, headed by Mayor James M. Curley of Boston, are to place a com- plete list of delegate candidates in the field. Curley’s name is likely to lead the list of Roosevelt del dates, and Curley is beat. Furthermore, there are a lot of district delegates to be elected in Massa- chusetts, and it is rather generally con- ceded that Roosevelt are real gains and will be 8o considered. Massachusetts has been regarded as essentially Smith territory, just as much a though Smith were ths “favorite son” candidate of that State. Smith has held unbeatable in Massachusetts. pis loses a number of districts, the victory really goes to Roosevelt, even though Smith may have a majority of the delegates. * ok ok x Senator Robert M. La Follette of | Wisconsin has proposed & national presidential primary to be held on June 7, a week before the Republican National Convention meets in %hlmg& His bill really calls for a reféerendum vote of the people in the separate States on their preference for presi- dential nominations, both and Democratic. Senator La Follette belongs to the faction of the Republican party that is strongly opposed to Presi- dent Herbert Hoover. In a statement ac- companying the introduction of his bill the Wisconsin Senator admits that there is no chance whatever of pre- venting the renomination of President Hoover at the Republican National Convention. Without g Mr. ver's name, Senator La Follette this impression, saying: “Unless the American People are af- forded a popular vote in advance of the Chicago conventions, the Repub- lican nominee will be named by dele- gates controlled by the use of Federal patronage. The tic nominee will be named under the two-thirds rule as the result of secret deals and trades among the bosses of powerful political machines in the larger cities of the country. The representation from the South in the Republican con- vention will exceed by 50 seats that of any previous convention. In nejther convention will more than 20 per cent of the dl!nlesx‘ufiu:':ét“nd“ instructions as a result of a vote of the le on the leading candidates.” SRR >4 4P Inquiry lmonfnlupubllun and Dem- ocratic leaders indicates, however, that the La Follette bill has practically no chance whatever of being enacted into law. At best, it could only request the States to hold such a referendum or primary vote. Congress does not have the power to compel the States to en- gage in such a referendum. Other pro- posals have been made in the past to bring about a Nation-wide presidential preferential primary, among them one by Senator George W. Norris of Ne- braska. To be effective, however, it is held that the electoral college must be done away with and the Constitution amended. Anything short of such ac- tion would leave the States in a posi- tion not to take part in a referendum on such a question unless they desired Republican 00~ glves their delegates to conventions in party conventions. would be impossible for Congress to legislate these party conventions out of existence or to compel the conventions to accept the verdict of referendum held under a Federal law. national political picked up long ago on the Western | usetts | 18 being widely acclaimed. The country, to do so. Many of the States still pick | proc 1t | gi ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC 1. HASKIN. Take advantage of this free serv- ice. If you are one of the thousands ! who have patronized the Bureau, write us again. If you have never used the service, begin now. It is maintained for your benefit. Be sure to send your name and address with your question —P.\B. A It is a bid without the values to justify it, made for the adversaries in purpose of confusing contract . # Q. Do Senators and Representatives ién Con%reu occupy the same seats?— I A. Senators are assigned desks when sworn in, and they may retain these throughout their terms. Senior Sena- tors occupy the more desirable seats. In the House there are no individual seats or desks. Each Representative formerly had & seat assigned to him, but as the memi increased this became impracticable and the House of Commons system was adopted. In both houses Republicans and Demo- c:lu sit right and left of the middle aisle. Q. To what amount are checks used lé' the transaction of business?— . P H. A. About $10,000,000,000 worth in the ceul;{se of ordinary business every week. Q. What vessels were Ad- Pole?—J. A. R. A. They were the C. a whaler; City of New York, which had been an ice-breaker, and the Eleanor Bolling, the supply ship, a steamer, Q. Pl;;;eh lku" some m!:xom;uon about 0 Kaga Fores Christian of Alh."—;.l'A J. "3 A. He is a Japanese social and re- ligious worker.. He is about 40 years of age. In his early youth he attended & mflm church, where he reported 'having had a vision of the crucified Clirist. He was a member of a wealthy hmug of Kobe, which renounced him and he was sent to study in America, returning as a social missionary. He organized labor to fight the extreme poverty and was fined and imprisoned by the Japanese government. . Who sald, “Every country has the government it deserves?"—H. 8. A. This is a traAslation from the French and was contained in a letter written by Joseph de Maistre in 1811. Q. Has any cne made an extensive collection of pictures of r - motives—C. g P, ST oo A, Collecting engine pictures is a hobby among “railroad-minded” people. One of the world's largest :ollcctm is owned by Joseph Lavelle, who has more 0,000 photographs of than & North locomotives. & Q. How much of the sea area carth is included in the Pacife and At et ot e P00, Qs " the fic comrruu about 40 per cent of the whole sea area; the Atlantic Ocean abqut 25 per cent. Q. In whose handwriting is the en- copy of the Declaration of In- R imothy Matisck_engrossed . y the original Declaration of Independence. Q. Why do the windows of a room sweat if a gas heater is used?—W. H. 8. A. The Bureau of Standards says that water is formed during the com- bustion of gas and remains in the at- m of the room when a gas heater is employed. This water con- denses .on the surface of windows or A. Larsen, used by miral Byrd on his trip to the South | other cold objects, the temperature of which is less than the saturation tem- perature of the water in the atmosphere, The same effect be produced by supplying water vapor to the atmos- phere from any other source. This dif- ficulty can be prevented by venting the | products of combustion from the heater to the outer air, or to a certain extent, at least, by using window sash with & double pane so that the inner pane, with which the air of the room comes into contact, does not reach so low & temperature, Q. What is a tax gallon?—S. T. A Itisa lon of 100-proof spirif :Agfi]lm““‘q‘\:l]!l.lw 7= according to the quantity of alcohol it contains or according to its proof. Q. How many reprints of the Ulster Gazette of January 4, 1800, has the Library of W. A. The only extant original known is owned by the Library. It also has on file 26 different versions of the reprint. GQ.BD infant mortality decreasing?— A. In 1930 it decreased four points from the 1929 record in the Birth Registration Area. 'In 1930, it was 62.2 deaths in every 1,000 live births. Q. How does the area of Great Brl‘lig compare with that of Ireland? ey A. Great Britain has an area of 89,000 square miles, while Ireland com- prises 33,000 square miles. It is, there- fore, about 2% times the size of Ireland. Q. Of what Am cabinet mem- ber did Dickens say that the cabinet officer knew more about Dickens’ novels than he did himself?>—S. N. A. Secretary Stanton. Q. Are Latin and Greek required for a B. A. degree at Yale’—D. B. A. Yale University has eliminated these requirements. o2 Where are li;re letters of Martha A. The Huntingto a; San mrmahuldotnwm So- clety of Pennsylvania has ut least seven. ' 2 . Q.Whntmmelntb‘ynuh-h motion picture H. stkln(,torvbenmneeo(me&ee- T. Q. What phases of weather 'are covered in the reports furnished to aviators by the Weather Bureau?—T. D, A. The following features are covered: Conditions of sky and weath height, horizontal visibility, rection and velocity, condition and movement of upper air currents, tem- perature, barometric _pressure, point, thunderstorms, u‘lzu!s, cot lon. of landing fields, fog, cloud formation, smoke and haze. Q. How are round playing marbles made?—M. C. A. Marbles may be made of baked clay, marble, agate, or glass. In Saxony they are made of hard calcareous stone, which is first broken up into square blocks, and the blocks thrown 100 to 150 together into a mill which is & stationary flat slab of stone. Over this a block of oak of the same diameter is kept rotating while water flows upon the stone slab. In 15 minutes the mar- bles are worn completely round and are fit for sale. Agates are made into marbles by first chipping the pleces nz:flly;‘ mrhr;d v‘i’th a hammer and then w 'm down upon the face of large grindstones. Q. What is meant by churriguer- B e S, e ar ture, this - lied to n";l: Iate, |uxm1.mwtl.-n " o roque , so called from most famous architect, Don Jose Ch 3 President Hoover's message to Con- gress on needed reforms in the courts it is indicated, will watch Congress closely for its response to these sug- .gemnns. ! _“The more readily Congress follows President Hoover’s leadership for law reform, the better it will be for the says the Court in criminal cases there is the promise of a greater stability for law and order, and this cannot fail to bring better- people.” While conceding that “Con- gress is busy just now with many mat- ters of import,” the Transeript con- tends that “if it really wishes to - dite a good cause, it would be justified in enacting without debate the President's program as now an- nounced.” The Lincoln State Journal approvingly remarks: “President Hoo- ver, in urging upon Congress various measures of reform in the conduct of courts, is calling attention to & con- dition that a great many informed persons believe to be at the bottom of the lawlessness that prevails in this country. Every bar association of any prominence in recent years has studied the problem of more efficient enforce- ment of law and has passed resolutions calling for reforms, but that is about as far as we have got.” “The message of the President is vestigation of the Department of Jus- tice, conducted under the supervision of the Solicitor General,” d es the Houston Chronicle, which believes that “a voluminous assembly of information has been gathered, which should be invaluable to Congress in considering many matters of court reform.” The Harrisburg Telegraph notes: “Presi- of the law's delay. Promptitude of action and simplification of court pro- cedure are "nmona demands and very properly so.” In the opinion of the Oshkosh Daily Northwestern, “the country at large will welcome the kind of law reform that will imporve procedure and practice and permit the Federal courts to handle criminal cases promptly, clean off con- gested dockets, dispense speedy and im- partial justice and lend stability to law and order in a Nation that just now is overrun with lawlessness and disrespect for law.” This paper characterizes the recommendations made by the Ppesident as “judicious and well considered.” Not only that, but they should be heeded, according to the Pasadena Star-News, which believes that “the course of ment of the daily life of the American | based on apparently a far-reaching in- | jne dent Hoover, appeals against the evils | Court Reform Is Accepted As Necessity for Country abuses could be el!ml.nludg if the pr‘e?- ent judicial machinery were operated | aggressively and intelligently. Any sys- tem will depend on the men operati it. We need judges who will counsel. trative and judicial matters, reform can- not be achieved merely passing an- other law.” g 3 Overcrowding of the court docket blamed by the Charleston (S. C.) Eve- ning Post for some of the existing evils, and this paper adds: “If Congress were to provide a system of subordinate courts for the trial of misdemeanors, it would clear the District Court dockets of a substantial part of what they con- tain and leave time for the prompt con sideration of more important matters. It this is not done, there is little hope of nvifi-:‘ 3he Federal Courts any genu- relief. “While ihdividual reforms may be ex- pected as a result of the President's message, the whole problem is one that lends itself to slow and painful g’oc- esses of adjustment, requiring continu- ous study and repeated reiteration of the necessity,” .says the Springfield (Mass.) Union. “The course of justice in our Federal Courts may seem to the average cifizen quite apart from the affairs of his every- day life” remarks the Appleton Post. Crescent, “but, in fact, it is much closer and more intimately interwoven with his wellbeing than he imagines. That is why the President’s special message to Congress concerning judicial reform affecting these courts, the only courts over ‘which Congress has control, must Discuss: angle, the Haverhill Evening Gazette remarks: “Our feeling is that, while it is wise to make legal and judicial machin- ery as efficient as possible, a wiser pro- cedure is to get rid of a lot of super- justice in all American courts should be | 8¢t made smooth and simple,” and hofm “that legislation, so long sorely needed, may be enacted to correct manifest de- fects in the prevailing system of court edure.” As the Chicago Daily Newh: the presidential program, and so ton- vince Congress that the. Nation fully appreciates the need for the feasible and -eminently sensible improvements Must Be a Mistake. Prom the New York Sun. ‘The Department of Comm figured out that the lvennhl‘:g sutomobile is seven and a ought g‘“ fle.“:e out v.hr“n'nnp life of a pedestrian. B ] World Peace Model. Prom the Duluth Herald. Fortunately, n said about weather, for or factional strife. - creates this fabric cth::l our -“"&ll’lmhln Practice Fails to Help. m"u' ?‘“nh Shvers improve ik