Evening Star Newspaper, February 29, 1932, Page 22

BUTTERFLIES SHOW MANLIKE: TRAITS Have Own Loves and Hates, Bachelors Organize Into “Clubs.” Butterflies have their own loves, hates and individual peculiarities. Results of an intensive study extend- ing over many years of the butterfies of the District of Columbia by Austin Clark, National Museum curator, have just been published by the Smithsonian Institution. Clark has spent most of his spare time for many yeass studying the Dis- trict butterflies as living _creatures rather than as museum specimens. In the world of the butterfly, he finds, there are close analogies to the world of hu- man beings. He does not, of course, attribute to the insects any deliberate, reasoned judgments which vary their behavior, but among them the operation of instinctive forces results in some be- havior not greatly different from that observed in human soclety. One of the phenomena explained by Mr. Clerk’s investigation is that of the “puddle butterflies.” The shrinking mud puddle of late Summer with these insects grouped about it in little com- panies, each consisting only of a single species, is a familiar sight. Similar to Men's Clubs. Clark found that these mud puddle assemblies might be compared to men's clubs with open bars in the human world—havens of peace for harassed males and of escape for misfits who can- not make a place for themselves in the hectic workaday world of butterflydom. | He found that the puddle butterflies were all bachelors —mostly young bachelors. Furthermore the all seemed remarkably congenial although belong- ing to species which sometimes are quite pugnacious in the fields. The pud- dle clubs, he discovered, are much more numerous as a result of population pressure, although the phenomenon be- comes noteworthy long before there is any real danger to the food supp! “In many species of butterflies,” he say “the males, if they increase beyond a certain number, seem to be unable to live together peacefully in the presence of females, although they are perfectly well able to live together if they are in areas devoid of females. ‘This, in part at least, seems to account for the puddle butterflies. Collect After Rains, “Puddle butterflies late in Summer will collect shortly after a rain, when there can be no question of sufficiency of water in the fields. No matter how dry the country may be, however, no puddle butterflies will be seen unless| the puddle species are very common. | “The true explanation seems to be that the puddle butterflies are males from overpopulated areas in which they @re incessantly tormented by other males and from which they escape to more peacefull surroundings. Re- quiring water, they naturally resort to the puddles about which, in the ab- sence of females, they fail to develop their usual pugnacity and instead be- e gregarious, flocking with others of their kind or with males of several kinds until they become fully mature, when they either return to the field from which they were driven or, re- maining more or less gregarious, wander away. ‘Their appearance is always evidence of an excess of pop- ulation in a given area.” A closely related phenomenon, Clark found, is that of the “roadside butter- flies.” These also, he says, turn out to be mnearly all young bachelors driven out of the flelds, but they always are exceedingly pugnacious. For the most part they represent different specles than the puddle butterflies. They ap- pear to be innately incapable of getting along together—presumably a racial trait. It is noteworthy, however, that the exiled bachelors of some species are about equally represented in the puddle clubs and along the roadsides. This appears to be the result of in- dividual temperamental _differences among butterflies. Some individuals are difficult to irritate and like boon com- panions. Others will fight at the slight- est excuse and prefer to lead lonely lives. Moisture Aid Escape. Another phenomenon cleared up by Mr. Clark’s investigation is that of the enormous increase of some species of butterflies following storms. This is especially true of the common milk- weed butterfly. Most of the population increase comes from insects newly em- erged from the chrysalids. “It would seem evident,” he says, “that the mois- ture provided by a shower enables many of these insects, previously prevented from emerging by the dryness, to escape from the chrysalids. In the cases I have studied it could not be due to the normal appearance of a late brood, as this normally takes place gradually over scveral weeks.” Butterflies, like birds and certain varieties of mammals, have their migra- tions, Clark found, but these movements differ in essential details from those of the higher animals. “Bird migrations,” he reports, “are movements of a very definite nature from the breeding grounds to another reglon more or less remote, and back again by the same route. The round trip is completed several or many times during the life of the individual. and novement usually involves all the normal and healthy individuals of a species in a given area. Butterfly mi- grations rarely involve more than a portion, and often a relatively small portion, of the individuals in any region. So far as the individuals are concerned, the migrations are in one directicn only and, so far as the species is concerned, there is seldom any indi- cation of a definite return movement. ne rflies migration is a regu- recurr annual phenomenon. it takes place frequently but while in many sionally.” 1 example of a common milkweed Migration Is Explained. ry large number emerge from at the e time, engorge her. reach the perching stage of imuitaneously. So we large numbers instead The appear- swarms means, I ot that they have gathered lly for the purpose of travel- ply that something has oc- ir place of origin to cause rs to emerge simultane- Makes You Lose Unhealthy Fat Mrs, Ethel Smith of Norwich, Conn., writes: “I lost 16 lbs. with my first bottle of Kruschen. Being on night duty it was hard to sleep days but now since I am taking Kruschen I sleep plenty, eat as usual and lose fat, t0o.” To take off fat—take one-half teaspoonful of Kruschen Salts in a glass of hot water in the morning before breakfast—one bottle that lasts 4 weeks costs but a few cents —get it at Peoples Drug Stores or any drug store in America. If this first bottle fails to convince you this is the SAFE and harmless way to lose fat—your money gladly re- ing but & curred in th loully. Most of the migrations of this butterfly that have been reported have been southerly. It is likely that this will be found to be a function of the prevailing winds plus certain geographical fea- tures, such as rivers and seacoast. The migrations appear to be simply a mass expression of the normal habits of each individual in a migrating swarm, and the commonly observed direction of these flights to the South seems to rest solely upon the mechanics of autumnal meteorology and to have no other relation to the procession of the | seasons.” i Quite a different phenomenon, he | believes, is involved in the migrations of another family of butterfiies, the pierids, in which the migrating flocks are composed almost entirely of males. In this case, he says, it seems to be only an extension of the “puddle club” phenomenon. Some of the exiled males are unable to get back to the fields when there is intense pressure of population. Then they simply wan- der away, flying in a straight line agaist the wind. They are highly gre- garlous Other exiled males join in the ight and the result is the exodus in 1l;“slclose swarm of all the bachelor mis- Clark found that one species of but- | terfly will sometimes extirpate another | in a given area, usually by making. life so unpleasant for them that there will be wholesale flight. These are ad- vanced in explanation of the compara- tively rapid disappearance of some types. o— The French Art Exhibition in Lor- don_attracted 70,000 visitors in two weeks. here at Kann's . . new brims, new trims . . 211 to 24 inches. Millinery Section Has an Electric And The Price 50 DO feet! Street and Third ! turned Don't accept anything but Krus- chen because you must reduce safely.—Advertisement. $79.50 W’mn—lmw 0. THE EVENING DEMOCRAT ECONOMIC PROGRAM PROPOSED Senator Costigan Says Party Must Not Rely on Victory by Default. By the Associated Press. INDIANAPOLIS, February 29.—The 1932 Democratic platform must contain a plan for correcting the present economic situation or the party will be defeated at the polls next November, Senator Edward J. Costigan, Democrat, Colorado, told the Indiana Democratic Editorial Association Winter meeting here Saturday night. “Democracy will make a supreme mistake if it relies on victory by default in 1932, the Senator said. “It will neither win nor deserve to win if it pursues the course charted out by faith- lebs and insincere spokesmen in a world in whch economic storm clouds lower as never before in our histos “Democracy will fail, unles: Jeflersonian wisdom and Wil firmness, it indorses intelligent and trust-worthy leadership and a_con- ction national program, capable of gt ubstantial relief to the general public from present intolerable eco- nomic conditions.” The Democratic national platform, enator Costigan said, should indorse articipation in the World Court with suitable reservations and ‘“common nian . New straws, colors, new and last, but by no means least, all head sizes from %v“ll.bfl L™ This Latest EAS\' Washer Pump That Empties the Water! Is Only WN Balance Monthly —It's the lowest priced EASY—with a pump—we've yet offered! At a touch of a button Easy’s new electric water pump empties the water through a hose into the sink or drain. No after-mess to clean up! it has all the other features that have made “EASY” so popular everywhere! No wet And Floors. Phone District 7200—Br. 305 9 STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1932. sense and reciprocal reductions in armaments, by international agreement, to diminish taxation, lessen :he threa >f war and permit world reco:istructios Senator Costigan said the platform also should recommend prompt and substantial reduction “of excessive tariff duties, both here and abroad, througl statutory action and Internation agreements for mutually lowered tariff walls in order to provide wider markets and improve business conditions in this and foreign countries.” | SENATOR’;S.ISTER DIES | PORTLAND, Oreg., February 29 (® —Miss Nina McNary, 74, sister of Senator Charles L. McNary of Oregon and of Federal Judge John H. Mc- Nary, died here Saturday. She had been i1l for four months when their parents died, and Nina the children. The family straitened circumstances, but Miss McNary saw to it that the boys were educated and she lived to see each gain distinction in legal and political flelds. Funeral services will be held here today. with | = Eves Examined McCormItk Medtcal eCormic! eal R Glasses Fitted |} DR. CLAUDE S. SEMONES | Eyesight Specialist | Phone National 0721 409-410 McLachlen Bldg.. 10th G S Black Brown Navy Red Green New—Shiny Rough Straws New—Tilted Btims... —We do not believe that you will find a more complete assort- ment of new straw hats than 7 Charles and John were small boys McNary took over the task of rearing | was in | 180 WOODWARD & DOWN STAIRS LoTHROP 1932 STORE ND NNIV[SARY SELLING New Street and Afternoon Dresses for Spring 12 Regularly $15 Deautifully tailored and smartly fashioned one-piece stvles, jacket suits, gay prints, bright plain colors, smart combinations — and plenty of black-and-white. Sizes 14 to 20, 36 to 44, 40'; to 523, 16Y; to 2613, Sports and Dress Coats Show Military Trends 21 Trim military effects, at- tractive tweed mixtures, and lovely fur-trimmed styles. In new blues, brown, navy, and black. Sizes 12 to 20, and 36 to 46. THE DOWN STAIRS STORE Spring Shoes for Boys and Girls $2.35 Sturdy tan elk oxfords that will stand all kinds of rough treatment. Also, just- as-sturdy patent leather oxfords and a smart patent leather strap pump, for dress wear. All with Goodyear welt goles. Sizes 8'3 to 2, B, C, and D. Children’s Pollyanna Health Shoes Sizes 815 to 2; $1.95 Regularly $3 ips for larger girls; Pollyanna Patent Pu sizes 3 to 7; A to D; regularly §4 . 295 Patent Leather Blucher Oxfords; sizes 6 to 11 Junior Misses’ Two-T Bovs' Tan Blucher Oxfords; sizes 1 206 cocrociiaiiiaciiiccansnnceanns $2.35 Suits, Creepers and Dresses Sizes 1 to 6 50 —Each Dainty little frocks, in lovely prints and pastels, some with panties to match; little boys' suits, in color combinations; and creepers for tir makes, of good quality, beautifully tai- lored. Children’s Wool Sweaters; regularly $1.25 and $1.50; sizes 210 6 85¢ Infants’ Handmade Dresses; regularly $1.95 ... 2 Infants’ Dresses, each........ s Little Girls' Muslin Pants and Shorts, each alsinne 20¢ Special in The 52nd Anniversary $3.15 Close-fitting sailors, brims. New rough too—and light-weight turbans, New Spring colors. Hand-Finished Gertr and $5 Pair $9.95 Boys’ and Juniors’ “Model” Shirts 65¢ - know the quality of these “Model” shirts—they have bought them here at a higher price. New Spring styles, colors, and patterns far below reg- ularly. Lustrous broadeloths, in white, colors, and patterns—fine percales in fancy patterns. All well made, and all color-fast. Junior sizes, 8 to 12; regular 12!, to 14 necks. Wool Knickers; Opera pumps, of kid, patent leather, and moire; new trim- and numerous Our Exclusive Make med pumps; styles of oxfords and Mothers Very unusual values. They Are Washable $195 and $1.65 plain _and regularly $1.95 and $295... §145 “Univer Make Broadcloth l-piece, 75¢; also, 2-piece Ties; fancy Spring pat- ....35¢; 3 for §1 regularly fancy: Boys' Pajamas; styles Four-in-Hand HePNE «.oeirvien “Universal” Make of Men’s Pajamas $1.15 The soft, lustrous broadcloth that keeps its color and luster no matter how many times it is laundered— cut, splendid- Iy tailored garments. Coat, collar, and slip-on styles, in plain colors or fancy paterns, with elastic or cord at the waist. Sizes A to D. Our FExclusive Broadcloth ularly §$1.43 e 3 Spring Hand-Tailored Ties, 55¢; Slip-over Sweaters Black Silk Hose; also, fancy mixtures . ..28¢ pair; 4 pairs, $1 THE DOWN STAIRS STORE Doeskin GLOVES 3 pairs for $3.25 They the are Spring blues, beiges, black and white, to 7. Spring’s Smart New Hats In The 52nd Selling Spring Ps and Oxfords Regularly $3.95 $165 popular 4. button slip-on style—and they come in white and eggshell colors, to wear with the new Sizes 534 THE DOWN STAIRS STORE Jackets and Higher Waistlines Feature These New Sports Dresses 34.75 Bellhop styles, with high waistline skirt and separate jacket, popular gigolo frocks, military effects, and numer- ous other two-piece styles and jacket frocks; also smart I-piece styles. Sizes 12 to 20. DOWN_STAIRS STORE SPORTSWEAR A Juniors’ Frocks 54.75 Regulary $5.95 New high waistlines, longer skirts, jacket frocks, sus- pender dresses, and gay new prints—all the style de- tails smart juniors will want in their Spring frocks. Sizes 13 to 17 THE DOWN STAIRS STORE. A A WD e e Famous Granite Silk Hose Granite heavy service weight, with lisle tops and feet; Granite semi-service weight, with lisle-lined silk tops and lisle feet; Granite sheer, all-silk chiffon, with picot tops. New Spring and Summer shades. Sizes 8'3 to 10. Lace-top ffon Silk soles . Sheer C soles, silk Irregulars of Hose; plaited on Silk Hose, with plaited French heels, picot tops. Irregulars. Special ... : s8¢ Children’s Socks; various lengths and styles. Samples of much higher priced Bandettes and Garter Belts 55¢ Bandettes, in dainty uplift styles: of all- over lace, lace-trimmed crepe de chine, and jersey, in numerous styles. Garter belts, of light-weight brocade, with elastic side gores, and 4 hose supporters. Side-Hook Girdles; several styles. cial Garter smart and manipulated straws, felt, and soft, pliable crystal milan. 52nd Anniversary Selling Price Spe- ..S143 LSS Costume Slips 51.55 To wear under Spring and Summer frocks—they are bias-cut or semi-fitted, so that they fit smoothly. Of soft French crepe, rayon crepe, and panne (rayon) satin, neatly tailored, embroidered, or lace-trimmed. New light and dark shades. Sizes 32 to 44, Lace-trimmed and Tailored Slips §1 Extra Size Slips; lace-trimmed .. $1 Semi-Fitted and Bias-Cut Styles ties. Also, new ghillie sports ox- fords, of tan and smoked elk. Rayon Underthings 45¢ You will want to wear them most of all this Summer, because they are so soft and cool—but choose them now, while they are so low-priced. Vests, panties, and bloomers, in lace-trimmed and ap- pliqued styles—vests, panties, bloomers, chemise, and combinations, in tailored style. Run-resisting quality, in flesh shade. We Sell Them Here Regularly at 58¢ New Home Frocks and Hoover Aprons Regularly $1 Each— in The 52nd Anni- versary Selling, at Home frocks, smart enough to be worn on the street—ecrisp, new Spring styles, in gay prints, and such lovely fashion de- tails. Sizes 16 to 20, and 36 to 44, Hoover aprons, fully cut and nicely tai- lored, in plain fast colors of blue and green, and popular white. Sizes 36 to 46. Faney Aprons 25¢ each: 4 for Sl New Uniforms; regularly $1.95 $1.50 Maids' Organdy Apron Sets ........35¢ THE DOWN STAIRS STORE and