Evening Star Newspaper, February 12, 1932, Page 5

JAPANESE ATTACK - IN'TWO SECTORS Guns Blaze in Chapei as Dip- lomats Discuss Possibility of Peace. (Continued From First Page.) bers of the foreign consular corps by the Japanese consulate officials. Japanese military officials denied there any intent to extend the truce, although they declined to say whether hostilities were likely to begin soon More than 3,000 marooned victims terrible two-week battle were I t of Chapei during the four- of them wounded These were uce, many soldiers in ambulances. taken to hospitals. “But it was not easy for Father Jac- quinot and his “mercy” corps, bearing Red Cross flags, to persuade some of the Chinese families to retire out of reach of the bombs and machine guns. They hesitated long about leaving their homes, even in the abattoir Chapei had become, and some of them refused all persuasion, preferring to remain with their household goods and their posses- sions in their own homes to the safety and modicum of comfort they might find in sectors of peace. Father Jacquinot, French priec arranged the truce and led the vescue party into Chapei, said the hundreds of civilians who were broughi out un- doubtedly escaped death. Not all of them, he said, were loath to leave. Some, in their anxiety to seize the chance to get away, he said, would seize a table, or even a bathtub, and then, when the party was ready to pro- ceed they would remember they had left a bed-ridden mother or aunt some- where. The people throughout the sector, which has been the no-man's land for severe fighting for two weeks, scarce- Iv seemed to know what they were do- ing, the rescuers said. Some laughed and some sang and some cried—all hysterically. Told to come to safety, the anxious ones grabbed anything they could, whether a bed post. a chair or anything that came to hand, just so it was something to save. The first group rescued comprised 12 Chinese women and children. Father Jacquinot said his party. which included 15 French nursing sisters, covered the area “fairly thoroughly” from Shang- hai's North Station northward and east- ward to the tracks of the Shanghai- Woosung Railway. her Jacquinot said that while the party reconnoitered C! ei they ¢ “were halted by Chi relief freque: diers, wh the truce of mercy 1o _effort to fire on the rescuers. The rescuers pa into and out of both Chinese and nese lines, as well as over the no land between Within the Japar area, Father Jacquinot the Japanese soldic maintained the truce to the letter. so far as he knew, not one Japanese shot being fired after 8 am, when the search began While the rescuers were inside Chapei, T, sniping continued, he said, ap- parently from Chinese. either he nor any of the others was llets fell dan- to them as they carried The priest praised the hey achieved marvels,” he said, ‘although their lives were constantly in danger. Many refugees, although willing to Jeave Chapei, refused to emerge through the Japanese lines. Instead, they in- sisted on ng in the opposite direc- tion through Chinese lines. As a result, v all the refugees went that way. The priest expressed a belief that both the Chinese and Japanese soldiers - ved the truce strictly, but said ht numerous Chinese snipers ible for, the bullets that constantly whizzed afout while the res- cuers worked. 31st ASSIGNED AREA. Americans Take Over Section Previous- Iy Patroled by Shanghai Unit. he 31st Regiment, U. S. Army, has taken over the area previously held in the International Scitlement by the Shanghai Volunteer Corps, with the e ception of a strip fronting the North Station, which is still held by a Rus- sian company of infantry. Admiral v M. Taylor, commander in Asiatic Fleet, informed the r. O. M. Forster, com- anding thé destroyer U. S. S. Parrott, ormed the department that Nan- quiet. C. McCauley, com ing Destroyer Divisicn 13, aboard the destroyer U. S. S. Smith Thompson. left Skanghai yesterday and has arrived a ing and taken over the post of statiion ship there. Lieut. Comdr. A. M. Bledsoe, com- manding the gunboat U. 8. S. Palos at Shesi, 750 miles up the Yangize River, reported that community quiet. He told the department that while Shasi is under semi-martial law from midnight to sunrise daily, the foreign community there is calm. He added that all could be evacuated if necessary on a large customs motor boat there. UNDERSTANDING SEEN. Indications Here That Natfoms Wil Agree to Act Together. Although the State Department has €enied a published story that communi- cations have been exchanged between Mexico and the U °d States an con- certed a: leac to such an understanding The question was first brought to notice in the form of an editorial by a leading Mexico City daily, Excelsi saying tha ountry would side with the United States in event of any con- flict with Japan. PLANES OFF FOR SHANGHAL Nine Cantonese Army Ships Will Join Chinese Force. HONGKONG., February 11 ().—Nine airplanes of the Cantonese army left here today to join the Chinese air force at Shanghai. Liberal contributions to the Shang- hai defense fund and to finance refugee work have been collected in Hongkong. Chinese clerks gave 10 per cent uf their press reported troops 1gsi Province, en route to the Shanghai battlefront, had reached Southern Hunan. Britain to Increase Force. THE EVENING |JAPANESE PUBLIC BELIEVED By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, February 12.—The as- sassination of & liberal Japanese states- man and the arrest of a score of pacifist students in Tokio Las focused the world’s attention on the attitude of the Japanese people toward the conflict with China. ’ Former Finance Minister Junnosuke Inouye, an advocate of Japanese-Ameri- can_friendship, was shot to death this week by a half-crazed youth in what Tokio police believe was resentment | over his policies of moderation toward China and financial retrenchment. The students were arrested as leaders of a protest demonstration at the Im- perial University, where they distributed handbills reading, “Stop This Imperial- istic War” and “Down With Empire Day” (the national holiday). Uneasy OVer Shanghai Situation. In the opinion of unbiased observers the Japanese public has been solidly behind the officials in the conquest of Manchuria, for they have been taught from infancy that those rich provinces, equal in area to the State of Texas, are | inextricably woven into their national existence. But the attack on Shanghai was sprung suddenly on the people, it is argued, before their minds were pre- | pared for it, and the majority probably | would be glad to see that campaign brought to an end. There is no widespread opposition to | the government's stand. but a growing uneasiness among liberal business men, | educators, journalists and professional men. Their convictions are not articu- late, but they interpose & buffer be- tween the unknowing masses and, the militarists. EAGER FOR PEACE IN CHINA| \Economic Vulnerability of Nation and i Foreign Trade Uncertainty Causing Anxiety. Japan’s economic vulnerability in a prolonged military struggle is regarded as the greatest single factor on the side of the moderates. The danger of a world-wide economic boycott has al- ready sent prices tumbling on the stock exchanges and on the silk and other vital commodity markets. Japan was forced off the gold stand- ard last year and her currency depreci- ated 30 per cent as a consequence. On top of that a vast market in China has been virtually closed to her by the anti- Japanese boycott. The Agrarian prob- lem has been aggravated by the de- crease in the farmer’s income through the bumper rice crop of 1931. Anxiety has been expressed in ‘Tokio as to how Japanese foreign trade will stack up this year. It opened for the month of January with an adverse bal- ance of more than $15,750,000, as against a small favorable balance in the same month last year. The return of the Seiyukai party to power is regarded by many Japanese financiers, however, as pointing the way to better times. Japan rests on a sound economic basis, it is argued, in spite of the new policy of inflation #nd a de- preciated currency. The stability of her banks is pointed to as indication of a healthy condition. The general clection a week from next Saturday is likely to define Japan's future course, whether in peace or in war. The imperialists and business men probably will unite to maintain the Seiyukai party in the saddle, but the Minseito (opposition) party will draw powerful support from the Liberals. At any rate, the bill for the China ad- venture will be presented to the people shortly thereafter in the form of taxes. RECALL OF DEBUCH DENED BY JAPRN Decision to Send Good Will| Envoy to U. S. and Europe Also Disclaimed. By the Associated Press. | TOKIO, February 12—The Japanese foreign office denied today that Katsuji Debuchi, Ambassador to the United States, had been instructed to | return from Washington, and also that any decision had been made to send special envoys to the United States, ! Great Britain and France to enlist sympathy and understanding for Ja- pan’s position in China. Both these reports were current yes- terday. Ambassador Debuchi, the foreign office said. had intended to return to Japan in the Autumn of last year for a vacation, but consented to remain | at Washington because of the Man- | churian crisis. Since then, it was| stated, there have been no communi- | cations . between the Ambassador and | Tokio regarding his return and it was | presumed he would remain at his post | as long as the Sino-Japanese situa- | tion continues acute. It was admitted there had been some discussion in authoritative quarters re- garding the possibility that Viscount | Kentaro Kanako, former president of | the America-Japan Society and mem- | ber of the Portsmouth peace confer- ence in 1905, might go to the United States within a few months on a mission of understanding. But the foreign office spokesman said the majority of the foreign office offi- cials opposed the notion on the ground it would be a reflection on the regular Ambassadors. . CANADA PLANS PROBE OF GASOLINE PRICE Table Comparing United States Rates Basis for Parliamentary 'Communication. By the Associated Press. OTTAWA. Ontario, February 12.— Gasoline prices in Canada are to be investigated by a parliamentary com- | mission under a resolution passed in the House of Commons yesterday. Dr. Thomas F. Donnelly, Liberal member from Saskatchewan, in spon- soring the proposal, laid before the house a table of comparative prices in Canada and the United States. Reduced to the same gallon meas- | ure and shorn of taxation the average price in eight United States cities in| 1931, his figures indicated, was 15! cents, as a 233 cents in eight Canadian cities. CHINESE SOLDIERS PAID Officers Men Shanghal Rewarded at Nanking. NANKING, February 12 () —A group | of men and officers of the 19th Chinese | Route Army. which is fighting at | Shanghai, arrived here today seeking a reward for the army from the govern- ment. ‘The National government at Loyang instructed the ministry of finance to distribuge 50,000 Mexican dollars among the soldiers. SOVIET ACCbRD SOUGHT Russian Delegation to Investigate Spanish Industries, MADRID, February 12 (#).—A spe- cial Soviet trade delegation is expected to come soon to investigate Spanish industries, with a view to exchanging on a large scale Russian petroleum and other products for Spanish com- modities. The visit ostensibly would be under the auspices of Campsa, the ggvern- ment-controlled petroleum monopoly, private sources said. returning the re- cent visit of a Spanish commission to Russia. and Fighting at In Peril FEAR FELT FOR AMERIC. MISSIONARIES IN CHINA. BISHOP JOHN O'SHEA Of Deep River, Conn., is one of 11 American Catholic missionaries imperil- ed by Chinese Communist armies in Kiangsi Province, in South Central China. —A. P. Photo. 'POSTMASTERS AID ELECTIONS PROBE Trial of North Carolina Republican Treasurer Brings Story of Donations Pledged. By the.Associated Press. GREENSBORO, N. C., February 12.— Postmasters, called as Government wit- nesses in the trial of W. H. Foster, treasurer of the North Carolina Repub- lican Executive Committee, for viclation of the corrupt practices act, told today of receiving notices at their offices that payments were due on their party pledges. Foster is alleged to have solicited do- nations for the party from Federal of- fice holders in a Federal building. In similar cases the courts have held so- licitation is not a violation of the law unless done in a Federal building where the employe works. Eli S. Cox, postmaster at West End. related that Foster called on him and he signed the pledge card in front of the post office. He received a_notice that payment was due on July 15, 1931, in the post office, he said, and opened and read it. Walter Hogan, postmaster at Ellerbee, gave similar testimony. CHINA SEEKS SERVICES OF KINGSFORD-SMITH Offer to Head Aigy Forces Is Re- ported Made t# Australian Ocean Flyer. By the Associated Press. LONDON, February 12.—The Syd- ney, Australia, correspondent of the Daily Mail said today he learned “on the highest authority” that Wing Comdr. Charles Kingsford-Smith, famous Australian flyer, had been of- fered the post of commander in chief of the Chinese air force. The aviator, who has flown both the Atlantic and 'Pacific Oceans, declined to confirm the report, the correspond- ent said, but admitted he had quoted figures to China for a prospective pur- chase of his Australian airways fleet | of plares. As for his own services, he said he was jobless and would consider any offer Friends said they thought he might accept an advisory post in the Chinese air force. but he was unlikely to engage in active service. STAR. WASHINGTON, IFR. WALSH WARNS OF RUSS0-U.S. WAR Speaking to Elks, He Opposes | Borah’s Proposal for Soviet Recognition. Expressing the opinion war between the United States and Russia is in- ' evitable, Rev. Dr. Edmund A. Walsh last night warned 1,500 Elks assembled at a benquet in the Mayflower Hotel, | celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of | !the founding of Washington Lcdge, No. 15, against proposals that America | grant the Soviet Union diplomatic | recognition. Father Walsh, regent of Georgetown Foreign Service School and a reccg- nized authority on Russia, referrsd specifically to Senator William E.| Borah when he urged against recogniz- ing Russia. Communism, he said, would | undermine all the rights traditicnally enjoyed by Americans. 2 Right Rev. James E. Freeman, Epis- copal bishop of Washingt-n, also addressed the Elks, maxing a stirring | plea to Americans to evince a stronger | loyalty to the Nation and the Constitu- tion. “We do not need to receive commit- ments from other countries,” he assert- ed, “whether they be sitting in Genev: London or Berlin. We are self-con- tained and autonomous. But when our contributions are asked in any council of nations, we must present our Amer- | ican ideals without dilution. The bishop urged his listeners to “stand by our ideals in the present crisis, adding: “Now is the time for unswerving loyalty to our traditions. ‘There is a greater call today for utter loyalty to the flag and its ideals than ever before.” Grand Exalted Ruler John R. Coen | also addressed the jubilee dinner, stress- ing the need for greater patriotism in the hour of need. David J. La Porte, exalted ruler of Washington Lodge, welcomed the guests, and Frank J. Hogan, attorney, acted as toastmaster. Rabbi Julius T. Loeb pronounced the invocation and Rev. James H. Ryan the benediction. | WOOSUNG RESEMBLES | WORLD WAR SCENE Village, a No-Man's Land by Day, Becomes Beehive of Activity | During Night. ‘ | (Copyright. 1932, by the Associated Press) SHANGHAIL China, February 12— Battered Woosung. target of heavy Japanese bombardments for a week, is “too muchee likee hellee,” a Chinese sergeant said today, describing the crumbled mess of ruin there in which the Chinese have been maintaining a dogged defense. 4 It is a veritable no man’s land by day. but it becomes a great Chinese bechive under cover of darkness when Ithe eye of the Japanese airmen. alert by day to drop his devastating bombs. can see it no longer. In the darkness the Chinese bustle about building up their defenses for the next day’s battle. The sergeant, with his descriptive pidgin English, was spending the day in the back areas. like thousands of others of the 19th Chinese Route Army, resting for the night's activities. There is scarcely a hut or any other brick or frame building in the village which has not been blasted by aerial bombs or Japanese Navy guns, or pep- pered by machine guns until it looks iike a sieve. The little village is a wor: wreck than many towns in France were after the battles of the World War The wives and children of 20 to 30 German professors who were evacuated from Woosung today spent the daytime hours for more than a week in a single |large dugout beneath the university building. leaving there only at night when the aerial bombardments ceased. MINISTER DIES IN CHINA Retired Missionary Succumbs at a Son’s Heme, in Shanghai. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, February 12—Word was received today by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church of the death in Shanghai Wednesday of Rev. John Newton Hayes, a retired Presbyterian missionary. Dr. Hayes had been living with his son, Egbert M. Hayes, who is connected with the Y. M. C. A. in Shanghai. An- other son, now en route to the United States on'a furlough, is with the Y. M. C A in Tientsin, and one of his daugh- ters, Mrs. Andrew Torrance, is a Pres- byterian missionary at Tsinan. Fire Warden Named. LEONARDTOWN, Md., February 12 (Special) —Roland 'E. Seiver of Me- chanicsville, Md., was appointed a forest fire warden in the fifth district of St. Marys County. Droves of Chinese Besiege Settlement Gates Into Chapei By the Associated Press. SHANGHAI, February 12— American civilians of the Shang- hai Volunteer Guard had to call for help today when droves of Chinese besieged the settlement gates into Chapei while this morning’s four-hour truce was effective. The Chinese thought the ‘boundary had been thrown open and they would be permitted to go back to their ruined homes to salvage what they could. No one was permitted to cross the boundary. | Basin had been seriously disrupted by Swapiro ForercN € DomESTICFXPRESS D. €., FRIDAY, FERRUARY 12, Churchill’s Peace Formula BULLETS FAMILIAR TOA. . REPORTERS, Four Covering Far East Con- flict Have Followed Flags of Many Nations. By the Associated Pres: NEW YORK, February 12.—The booming of cannon and whining of bul- lets are familiar music to the four men in charge of the staff covering the Sino- Japanese conflict for the Associated Pross. For years they have followed the flags of many nations into battle. In their| edventuresome careers they have risked life and freedom repeatedly to get the news. Now three of them are doing it again. The strange ways of the Orient are especially known to them, for all have had long experience there. Morris J. Harris, who is stationed at Shanghai, first went to Japan in 1921. James P. Howe, who is also at Shanghal, has served in China, Japan, India, Ger- many, Egypt, Java, the Philippinés and Russia. Glenn Babb, now in Tokio, first went to Japan in 1915. Charles Stephenson Smith, chief of the Associated Press foreign service, who is in Washington reporting Sino- Japanes> developments at the White House and the State Department, worked for meny vears in the Far East and has traveled zround the world fre- quently in the scrvice of the Associated Press, Harris Experienced Quake Havoc. There is scarcely a section of the globe to which these four men have not rushed at some time in their lives to report a new chapter in world history. The dramatic experiences of such “men behind the news" generally re- main untold sfories until after the last shell has beep fired and the belligerents are seated at a peace table, but few have the adventures they do. In 1923 Herris was in Tokio when an earthquake spread havoc over Japan. With thousands of others he fled the fire which razed the capital. For 16 hours he stood in a lake with the water up to his neck in order to escape the flames. The next year he was in Washing- ton, but before the end of 1924 he was back in the Orient. He returned to San Francisco in 1925, but has been back in the Far East since 1926. ‘When Japanese warships steamed up to Shanghai Harris was there—watch- ing preparations for the battle at Chapei. He has been in both Chinese and Japanese lines reporting first hand the fighting. . Howe, the son of Ed. Howe, widely known publisher, served on papers in Washington, Philadelphia, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, Honolulu, Portland, Oreg., and Atchison, Kan., before joining the Associated Press | Bureau at San Prancisco in 1913. He went to London after the war, then to Coblenz with the American Army and to Warsaw for the Russo-Polish war. In 1922 he was at Riga and later went | to Moscow. He covered the French oc- | cupation of the Ruhr and in 1928 went | to Peiping. Babb served with the United States Army in France, in 1920 went back to Japan. Three years later he went | to China. Then he traveled around ! the world and became cable editor for | the Associated Press, handling Far East¢ news. In 1924 he returned to Tokio and | last Ball left to report the Manchurmni campaign. from the attack on Mukden | to the fall of Chinchow. % Smith went to China when that coun- | joined the allies. From there he | traveled to Russia, crossing from Vladi- i vostok to St. Petersburg with the Elihu Root mission. Smith Reported Pact Framins.. When the Germans threatened St Petersburg in 1917 Smith was there. When Lenin took his government to Moscow Smith went with him. On Armistice day he was in London and ter reported the framing of the Ver- sailles treaty. He covered the Russo- Polish Peace Conference at Riga. Andl when famine was sweeping Russia in | 1922 he was in the Volga area weeks 4 d of the American relief adminis- ation. He worked in the East for years and last Winter made a complete tour of South America. In addition to these men, the staff at Washington, all men of wide experi- ence in foreign affairs, are covering de- | velopments at the Capital in connec- tion with the conflict in the East. | FIGHTING HOLDS UP U. S. RELIEF WHEAT Money Lacking to Pay for Suppliesj for Flood Sufferers in Yangtze Basin. By the Associated Press. SKANGHAI, February 12—Sir John Hope-Simpson, director gencral of tiw: | National Flood Relief Commission, said today the relief of flood sufferers in the inundated area of the Central Yangtze the outbreak of hostilities here. American wheat shipments for the sufferers were held up in Shanghai. he pointed out, and there was not enough money in sight to pay for them. Ap- proximately 325,000 tons of the 450,000 tons of United States wheat arranged for by the Relief Commission have been received. but 9.000 tons of the February Shipments were delayed in the harbor here. “The Sino-Japanese situation has seriously affected the income of the commission,” Sir John said. “We com- pute that a total of $6,000,000, in addi- tion to the income in sight, is necessary to finance the situation until the end of the wheat arrivals. 1932. U. S.-BRITISH UNITY DECLARED HOPE OF WORLD. Winston Churchill Ambassador. (right), with BY CONSTANTINE BROW P4 FINANCIAL. economic, mili- uryx‘d political agreement betw the United States and Great Britain is the best guarantee for a solidly estab- lished world peace,” stated Winston Churchill, one of Britain's foremost statesmen, who arrived yesterday in Washington to deliver a lecture tonight on “The World Economic Crisis.” ‘Winston Churchill, although part American on his mother’s side. is ty, cally British in his manners and fee ings. He has been the stormy petrel of British politics, shifting from one party to another—from the Tories to the Whigs and back to the Tories. He never, however, changed political al- legiance to better his own political chances—he is not even a member of the present cabinet-—but because the thoughts of his political leaders were not changing as fast as his own | The former chancellor of the ex- chequer is frankly pessimistic about the outcome of the Geneva Conference, where each natjon is endeavoring to deprive the other of its arms, and while everybody who is shouting “Let’s re- duce!” hasin mind to keep such arma- ments which even recuced would give his country marked superierity over the others. Sees U'nited States-British Unity. “There is a good deal to be said in favor of Mr. Tardieu's idea of having an international air police placed at the disposal of the League,” said Churchill, “but we have not yet reach that ideal situation when all nations will get to- | gether to prevent the outbreak of wars: | and until we reach that stage—maybe the next generation will sec it is most unlikely that any Briton would like to see British airplanes built by the British taxpayers' money go on some League of Nations errands.” A close understanding between the United States and Great Britain to protect their mutual and legitimate in- terests would be an entirely different proposition, Mr. Churchill thinks, be- cause such an agreement would have a more limited and more definite scope. On the other hand. the sincere desire for peace which both countries have amply shown would guarantee the peace and security of the rest of the world. How successful such a co-operation can be has been proved in the recent Shangbai incident, when the mere an- nouncement of an Anglo-American understanding to maintain the safety of the International Settlement has had a salutary effect. | “Of course,” said Churchill, “this | does not mean that the British people are willing to go to the extreme limit for the preservation of China’s in- tegrity. The Chinese have proved to| be absolutely incapable of getting to- gether and re-establishing law and order in their own country. Man- churia i1s much happier under a Jap- anese contrdl. and the Chinese people themselves have shown that they ap-, grechte what a stable government can 0. Under Japanese Wings. “Within tke last decade or two some 15.000,000 Chinese have settled in Man- churia, where under the wing of the Japanese they can be sure of their life and property. American co-operation applies only to | the principle of maintaining the in- | violability of the International Settle- ment, where citizens of both these countries as well as those of other smaller countries have invested large amounts of money and have very im- portant economic and financial in- terests. “Both Great Britain and the United States are in full harmony to defend, by legal means, the principle of the open door policy, which means that traders of all countries should be per- mitted to trade wherever they like in that vast country without being handi- capped by any ‘special measures’ of some other country. Our people are in full sympathy with your people about | | two' Filipino cadets and one cadet of- such a policy, but neither we nor you, I imagine. would go to extreme meas- ures to insure our rights. In fact, I do not think this will be necessary. | The Far Eastern conflict and dis- armament are, however, in the opinion of the former British chancellor, only minor incidents when they are com- pared with the main reason for to- day's restlessness—the economic de- pression—all over the world. This is the main ill the world is suffering Sir Ronald Lindsay, the Britich —A. P. Photo. cidentals caused by disease. Churehill is looking with a good deal of apprehension toward the time when Germany will inform her creditors that she is no longer in a position to pay her war debts. What will happen then, nobody can quite say, but it is likely that Britain’s debtor nations, which are contributing to the tune of 35,000,000 pounds a year toward Britain's pay- ments to the United States, will cease paying that contribution. the principal On the other hand, Great Britain's | debt to the United States has been largely increased by the depreciation of the pound sterling and by the fact that the expcrts to this country have shrunk. To what such a situation will lead. Mr. Churckill was loath to discuss. Mr. Churchill's address will be de- livered at Constitution Hall under the auspices of the Community Center In- stitute. CHINA €0 NFRONTED BY DVDED RULE Fearing Unfavorable Terms; With Japan, Cantonese Plan Separate Government. By the Associated Press. CANTON, February 12.—Fearing that the national government at Nanking may make an unfavorable settlement | with Japan when peace again reigns at Shanghai, Cantonese leaders here today said they were preparing to establish a separate national government for China. The announcement marks the re- opening of a split in Chinese politics which apparently had been healed by Japanese activity in Manchuria and Shanghal. Cantonese leaders, objecting to the national government of Gen. Chiang Kai Shek, had formed their own gov- ernment at Canton, but recently con- solidated with the Nationalists to pre- sent a united front to the Japanese Chiang Kai Shek, under fire of the Cantonese, has retired. CHINA RETAINS POLICY. Government to Continue Present Firm Attitude Toward Japan. LOYANG, China, February 12 (#).— The Chinese government decided today to “continue its present firm attitude | toward the Sino-Japanese dispute, espe- | clally as regards Shanghai” and also to reject Japanese proposals for de- militarization of the principal Chinese | ports. 'MANILA ENLISTMENT Consequently the Anglo-l‘ PLAN AROUSES JAPAN | Consul to Make Protest After Hear- ing 700 Cadets Contemplate Joining Chinese Army. By the Associated Press. MANILA, P. I, February 12.—News- paper reports here that 700 cadets of | the University of the Philippine Islands | planned to enlist in the Chinese Army brought an immediate announcement | from™ Japanese Consul Kumura today | ne lwould Pprotest to the governor gen- eral. Inquiry disclosed, however, that only ficer have said they planned to go to China: a number of Chinese students who are not cadets planned to enlist in the Chinese Army, but they have not yet resigned from the university. An undetermined number of Chinese have sailed for Shanghai, presumably to join in the defense of that city against the Japanese, during the last two weeks. However, Chinese Consul Kwong denied any one was soliciting “Reduced railway travel and imports | from, and the other ills are merely in- recruits for the Chinese Army. has cut our income from surtaxes. The wheat still is moving up the river at the rate of 1,000 tons a day, but never- theless it is piling up in Shanghal in a serious manner. If military operations extend up the Yangtze they will stop all wheat distribution and completely abrogate plans for final achievement of the jarge task.” ! A. KAHN INC, 935 F STREET A. KAHN INC,, 935 F STREET in Sterling Silver *¥ A—S5 ICHINA IS ADEPT INBOYCOTT WARS U. S. Trade Leaders Recall Own Trouble and See Japan’s Problem. By the Associated Press. American business men have experi- enced Chinese boycotts and appreciate the problem Japan is trying to solve in its military movement about Shanghai. The worst boycott against American interests in China grew out of laws and regulations excluding Chinese from the United States. It began in 1903 and was not ended until 1906, involving all important commercial pgrts and even remote interior cities. In spite of the fact that the Chinest seem to lack the power of political ore ganization, they have unusual ability to get together in boycotts. Through commercial and labor guilds they wage commercial war with a ferocity almost unbelievable. Officials generally disavow any con- nection, but the movements are s5 well co-ordinated there is always reason to believe they are co-operating. Effects Widely Felt. Banks, shipping lines, export firms, retail concerns, schools, missions d churches all feel the pressure of Chinese anger. Chinese passengers dare not sail on steamers of the country against which the movement is directed. Chinese firms dare not ship freight Runs are started on the banks cf the country, which has given offense. Servants refuse to work for its nationals, Retail merchants are forced to conceal wares originating in the country under fire. Delegations patrol docks, search trains and destroy suspected freight. A reign of terror is inaugurated and Chinese dare not risk violation of the boycott orders. Spies are everywhere. Chinese newspapers carry on agitation. Posters cover walls and professional readers in jea houses and on street cor- ners keep ‘the {lliterate informed. Even rickshaw men are not permitted to serve citizens of the nation which is being attacked. Japan has suffered seven or eight really widespread boycotts in China since 1908. The 1915 boycott, declared because of Japan's 21 demands in con- nection with Japanese succession to German rights in_Shantung Province, was very sericus. For months Japanese Yangtze River and coastwise ships car- ried no coolies in steerage and were without freight. Again in 1919 and in 1927 and 1928 disputes about the Shantung situation inspired boyeotts. The Manchurian clash last September, when Japan seized Mukden. inspired the widespread boycott which Japan is now trying to suppress with zrms in Shanghai. PEACE COMMISSION DELAYS DEPARTURE League Group Will Sail Tomorrow Morning—Liner Is Held for 22 Hours. By the Associated Press. SAN FRANCISCO, February 12 —The sailing of the League of Nations Com- | mission, which will investigate the Sino- | Japanese conflict in Manchuria, has | been postponed until 10 a.m. tomorrow. Inability of the commission to reach | here in time for a scheduled embarka- tion at noon today resulted in the | decisiori to hold the transpacific liner | President Coolidge 22 hours. Members of the commission are the Earl of Lytton, England's representative | and chairman of the group; Gen. Henrl Claudel, inspector general of colonies and a member of the Superior War Council. representing France: Count Luigi Aldrovandi Marescoti of Italy: Dr. Albert Hermsn Heinrich Schnee, repre- senting Germany, and Maj. Gen. Frank R. McCoy of the United States. A brief civic reception will be given the commission tomorrow just prior to the embarkation. YACHTING TRIP ENDS Mr. and Mrs. Kermit Rocsevelt En Route East From Mexico. NOGALES, Ariz., February 12 (#).— Mr. and Mrs. Kermit Roosevelt, en route to New York, arrived here yester- day trom Guaymas, Soncra, after com- pleting a tour of the west coast of Mexico aboard a private vacht “I liked Mexico fine,” Roosevelt said. 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