Evening Star Newspaper, November 18, 1931, Page 5

GRANDI VIEW SEEN AID TO ARMS CUT Italy Ready to Confer on Means to Guarantee Safety of France. (Continiied From First Page.) of security which is not going to be mere words. There are two ways of approaching this subject. One is the revival of the covenant of the League of Nations, which provided some definite action in cace one of the members was attacked; the other is a more restricted agreement among all the Mediterranean powers. Either of these instruments is reported to be satisfactory to France, and Italy seems willing to advocate and partici- pate in either in order to secure some effective result next Spring at Geneva. Opposed in 1925, ‘The covenant of the League, which absolutely guarantees the security of the signatories of that instrument of peace, found little favor when it was first proposed in 1925 in England. The then prime minister, Rams: Mac- Donald, agreed to bring it before the House of Commons. He was compelled, however, to re- sign shortly afterwards and the Co: servative government which succeeded the Labor cabinet turned down that proposal because it was considered to mean too heavy a responsibility for Great Britain. The Italian and the French navies were in those days negligible quantities and the British ple were afraid that they would ave to guarantee France's security with the British Navy. Things have changed since and both Italy and France today have navies which can be favorably compared with the British. Furthermore, six years ago the finances of France were in a pre- carious state and the British govern- ment was afraid that in case of trou- ble its taxpayers would have to foot the blll, as they did in the World War. ‘This situation has been reversed in the last few months and, in the opinion of many diplomatic experts, there can no serious objection on the part of the present British cabinet to join in a pact such as the Covenant, if it is satisfactory to Prance and enables the other nations of the world to make substantial cuts in their budget on the chapter of national defense. Willing to Negotiate. Italy, for one, is quite willing to re- sume negotiations with the other pow- ers, members of the League, with the view of guaranteeing France's security in this manner and induce her to cut her armaments. The question of a Mediterranean pact has “been discussed between France, Italy and Great Britain during the Naval Conference in London, but the British cabinet was opposed to it be- cause it again feared too heavy com- mitments and no actual advantages for Great Britain. The general idea is that all the riparian Mediterranean states should sgree among themselves to lend each other assistance in case one of them were attacked. It is of course a more yestricted peace instrument and it mainly alleviates the fear France and Italy may have for each other. British View in Doubt. ‘Whether the British government of today; will find it advisable to join in either of these paots is a question which nobody can answer at present. The fact 8, however, that all nations, with the exception of France and her allies, are anxious to cut down expenses as much as possible, and the burden of arr.aments weighs heavily on everybody. ‘The United States cannot be a party to either of these two agreements, but 1t can indirectly encourage the other in- terested governments to go ahead and jget the Grandi home at Frascati, Italy. at the | | AYS of easing the world's trou W THE EVENING White House ubles were sought by President Hoover deft), Dino Grandi, Italian foreign minister, and Secretary of State Stimson (right) in a conference at the White House today tograph was snapped on the steps of the south portico of the Executive Mansion before the parley began. The pho- —A. P. Photo. SIGNORA GRANDI Treble Voices Reassured Her Italy Is N By the Associated Press. Signera Grandi by transatlantic tele- phone today promised her two little children, Franco, 6, and Simonetta, 4, many nice gifts from America. The long-distance call to Italy, which she had vainly tried to com- plete for 40 minutes yesterday, was put through to Rome in six minutes | today. A few seconds more were required to ‘The Grandi telephone number, Fras- cati 82, responded, and Signora Grandi | had the children, in turn, called to the phone. Their childish voices did not carry very clearly and Signora Grandi, after giving them her greetings and trying to get their answers, called an | older member of the household to the telephone. Her first question to each of them | in Italian was to ask how they were. ‘Their childish trebles assured her they were getting along excellently at home, }ml; tt e words of their replies were aint. She told them, too, that their father sent his love to them and that they would be back home on December 6. Signora Grandi then called for Maria and the voice of an clder person came. PROMISES GIFTS IN PHONE TALK WITH CHILDREN Though Conversation With ot Clear. Signora Grandi finished speaking about 10:30 am., or 4:30 p.m. Itallan time. The minutes was $36 Pranco and Simonetta had received a cable addressed to themselves, that they should be ready for mother’s tele- phone call at 4 o'clock, Italian time. Signora Grandi still had on her black coat with silver fox collar and black hat, just as she had come to the Mayflower Hotel from Woodley, where she had been a guest, when she took up the telephcne. She talked first to the boy and then to the girl. She asked her children 1f they missed their mama and sent them “lots of cost for the three | little kisses from daddy,” a secretary sald, translating the telephone call into children's terms. As Signora Grandi lald down the re- ceiver, she turned to a woman com- panion, and said: “I wen't ring up again. It moves me too much to hear the children's voices. I am torn between my uty to my hus- band and my duty to my childfen. It makes me_happy to hear their voices, but when I put down the receiver, I am lonely without them.” bowls of flowers complete the table| dressing for the State dinner. Before going to the Stimson dinner last night, Signor Grandi was the guest of the Overseas Writers at an informal reach some agreement which would en- able to principal European powers to come to Geneva in a spirit of genuine desire to reduce armaments. The lure of some really drastic cuts of foreign war debts by the American Congress in case the Disarmament Conference is successful must appeal to. most nations, even to France. ¥ Hope for Friendly Spirit. Naturally neither the Italian foreign secretary nor the President of the United States imagine that drastic cuts in disarmament can be made next February. Their main object is that the nations which are gathering at Geneva should get together in a friend- 1y spirit and make at least a gesture to- ward disarmament. The psychological effect of such a gesture would e great. ‘The idea of reducing armaments seems to be growing in Europe; the rank and file of the people seem anxious to pay less heavy taxes, and it begins to dawn or. them that a good deal of their money is expended on uneconomic mat- vers, such as warships and guns. The governments which believe that the safety of their countries lies exclusively in heavy armaments are endeavoring by means of publicity to convince their nationals that those heavy expenses are essential and any reduction would en- danger their national existence. So far this point of view has-prevailed in many European countries, but it is hoped that if the first step toward disarmament is made a better feeling would replace the present suspicious mood of Europe. PRESIDENT AND GRANDI CONFER ON ECONOMICS AND ARMS QUESTIONS (Continued From First Page) tween the nations of the world. Presi- dent Hoover and the American Gov- ernment have taken much the same position. The conferences here are ex- pected to lead to closer co-operation than even between the United States and Italy when the Geneva Disarma- ment Conference convenes next Feb- Tuary. Signor Grandi and Secretary Stim- son. at their conference with the press yesterday, both indicated that “the sky was the limit”, on the topics to be dealt with in Signor Grandi's confer- with the President and_ other is of the United States. In ad- ‘m'tations, it is consid- | that the conferences include intergovernmental debts | and reparations, treaty revision, main- ~e of the gold standard and plans | the economic stabilization of the | 7ior Grandi and Signora Grandi 17 b2 the guests of honor at a din- givcn tonight at the White House by Prosident and Mrs. Hoover. The Italian foreign minister was confronted today with a long program of enter- tainment. At the luncheon given by Secretary Mellon, Signora Gandi was present with her husband. This after- noon the foreign minister and his wife were going to the Italian embassy to attend a reception given for members of the Italy-America Society of Wash- ington. The distinguished guest and his wife attended last night a brilliant dinner given in their honor at the Pan-Amer- ican Union by Secretary Stimson. There they met the official representatives of many nations. The dinner was given in @ setting both brilliant and stately. A formal procession to the dinner was headed by Secretary Stimson and Sig- nora Grandl and was closed by Signor «Grandi and Mrs. Stimson. reception given in the Carlton Hotel. From the Stimson home, where they | had been guests since their arrival on Monday evening, the Italian foreign minister and Signora Grandi went to the Mayflower Hotel today, where they will remain until they leave here to- | morrow night for New York. One of the first acts of Signora Grandi will be to try to complete a transoceanic_tele- phone call to her children in Rome. Heavy fog over the Atlantic interfered with clear communication yesterday. It was arranged that Signora Grandi should talk with her children about 10 o'clock this morning, which is 4 o'clock in the afternoon in Rome. GET WHITE HOUSE BID Four Representatives of Italian Descent Invited to Dinner. Four Representatives of Ttalian de- | scent_have been inviied by President and Mrs. Hoover to the White House dinner tonight for Foreign Minister Grandi and Signora Granai. | The House members are Fiorello H. | La Guardia of New York, Peter C Granata of Illinois, Peter A. Cavicchi of New Jersey, Republicans, and Vin- cent L. Palmisano of Maryland, Demo- crat. 15 FIREMEN OVERCOME PITTSBURGH, November 18 (A)— Pifteen firemen were overcome by | smoke in a six-alarm fire at the Home- | wood Public School here today. The | blaze started before the opening of | school. Firemen estimated the damage | at $40,000. | A | William Tyler Page, clerk of the House of Representatives, will address the Men’s Club of the Mount Pleasant | Congregational Church at the church tonight at 8 o'clock. His subject will be “Pifty Years With Congress.” | Mr. Page will be introduced by for- | mer Representative John J. Esch of | Wisconsin, a member of the club. Underground Feeder for Prison. STATESVILLE, I\, (7).—An under- ground feeder system'is to be built soon | for the Illinois wenitentiary here. It will be the first of a series of riot-pre- | vention construction projects. ‘CHOICE PIANQS FOR_ EN ‘The White House dinner tonight will be for 75 persons, the most elaborate A of all the Grandi functions. The im- gmwe of the dinner will bring forth famous gold service. sl The Wilson china, gold-rimmed, olden urns heaped with fruits, = with bunches of CHARGED WITH LANDING $70,000 LIQUOR CARGO Capt. John Iverson and Crew of 26 Arrested by Philadelphia Police, Who Claim Confessions. By the Associated Press. PHILADELPHIA, November 18— Capt. John Iverson and 26 members of his crew aboard the coastwise freighter Commercial Quaker, were under bond yesterday charged with having landed a $70.000 liquor cargo at Chester, Pa., last Wednesday. Federal agents made the arrest last night in a raid on the steamer at its pler here. With the exception of the second mate, Eugene Currot, who was not_implicated, the entire crew of the pn‘cdket. admitted their guilt, authorities sald. The rum cargo allegadly was_ picked up from a “mother” ram ship about 50 miles off the Florida coast. Comdr. John D. Pennington, prohibition ad- ministrator for this area, sald Capt. Iverson admitted that he and the crew split $4,000 for landing 1,400 cases of liquor. The Commercial Quaker is owned by the Mooremack Lines, a subsidiary of the Moore & McCormick, Inc. It plies between this city and Tampa, Fla. The owners of the ship assisted agents in the raid and have replaced the crew. FREED IN ASSAULT CASE GLENWOOD SPRINGS, Colo., No- vember 18 (#)—Louis (Diamond Jack) Alterie, one-time head of the Janitors' Union 'of Chicago, was scquitted by & jury yesterday of a charge of assault with intent to kill. He was alleged to have fired three shots at a trio of men fishing on Sweetwater Lake last Spring. Alterie contended he was within his rights in ordering the three men from the lake which adjoins his ranch. ALL Fien DIE OuT oF ) WATER - Proof of This Statement Will Appear in Our Advertisement Monday You'll be surprised, too, at the careful manner in which we dry clean your clothes. PHONE MET. 0200 Monday's Proof comes from the WORCHS 1110 G Est1879 Joy Pleasure— nd STAR, WASHINGTON, IHONJO ROUTS MAK, TAKING TITSIHAR Fight to Finish Promised as Japanese Enter Russian Zone. his soldiers, using trains of the Chinese Railway. It was said the Japanese crossed the Chinese Eastern without interfering with traffic. The minister of war here said today the Japanese forces had no intention of interfering with the Chinese East- ern so long as Gen. Mah's troops did not use it, and that when the Chinese forces had been scattered Gen. Honjo ;nlght retire to Toanan or Changchia- un. Police Are Disarmed. A Rengo dispatch from Harbin sald the Japanese army disarmed the Chi- nese police within the city and issued a proclamation assurigg the safety of the citizens, A communique issued by army head- quarters said Gen. Honjo ordered the general offensive on account of increas- ing danger to the Japanese right and left flanks from Gen. Mah's troops, but press dispatches from Harbin and Changchun put the burden on Gen Mah for launching an attack shortly after midnight and provoking the Jap- anese counter attack. Now that hostilities have begun, it was explained, the chief object of the Japanese is to destroy Gen. Mah's main force. “We expect to accomplish _this quickly,” was the opinion given here, “to such an extent that the Heflung- kiang army will not soon again be a source of danger to the Japanese. “We appreciate Russia’s position on the Chinese Eastern Railroad, of course, and realize the interest of Moscow. Japan has no present notion of occupy- ing any place in North Manchuria per- manently. Any occupation of Anganchi | or Tsitsihar would be a purely tempo- rary military measure.” Destroy Railway Bridge. A Rengo dispatch from Mukden said a flying colimn of Gen. Mah's troops | early in the day destroyed an iron railway bridge at Sanlin on the Chen- chiatun-Taonan Railway line in the rear of the main body of the Japanese. The aim of this maneuver, it was said, was to cut the Japanese communica- tions and delay the arrival of rein- forcements. Other dispatches said the belief prevailed that Gen. Mah Chanshan launched the attack this morning in the hope of defeating the Japanese Nonni River force before the arrival of aerial reinforcements which left Japan and Korea yesterday. ‘The arrival of the air reinforce- ments was said to have been delayed by a heavy snowstorm. FINISH FIGHT PLANNED. Whole Japanese Force of 4,000 Men Launched Against Gen. Mah's Army. (Copyright, 1931, by the Associated Press.) MUKDEN, Manchuria, November 18 (#)—China churian army, fleeing through a blinding blizzard, broke into two scattering sections today and moved northward from Tsitsihar in a retreat which appeared to have turned into a rout. The battle that resulted in the oc- cupation of Tsitsihar by the Japanese was extremely violent, official dis- patches said, and the casualties on both sides were known to be heavy. This battle, beginning early in the morning, k the Japanese to Tsitsihar after dusk, word from the front said. It was waged in bitter cold weather with & wind out of the Arctic sweeping down from Siberia across the frost-bound Manchurian plains, Resistance Collapses. Japanese dispatches said Gen. Mah Chan-Shan had a strong force of Chi- nese troops ready for the offensive, but although he resisted stubbornly in the fighting below Anganchi, the last stages of the advance were said to have been accomplished with little or no resis- tance, Weather conditions were such as have rarely been experienced in modern warfare and the Chinese troops were required %o do more fighting than has any other Chinese army for decades. The Japanese war machine, however, was more than a match for the heavier enemy, dispatches indicated, and Gen. Mah's forces were driven into flight, ap- parently toward Harbin, The announcement of the opening of the offensive was made by Gen. Shigeru Honjo, commander of the Japanese Manchurian force, and he said it would be a fight to the finish, aimed to crush Gen. Mah's army if possible. 4,000 in Japanese Force. The entire strength of the Japanese Nonni River force, which had beer quietly reinforced during the last few days until it numbered possibly 4,000 men was thrown against Gen, ah's army. RN T ] . .. owing the announcement that the attack was launched, no further details were immediately available because of frequent interruptions of communica- tion in the attacking army's rear and fl..r:d‘ by the Chinese along the raflway e. Gen. Mah's army was said to have begun its attack at 3 a.m. with a burst of artillery fire and Jiro Tamon, Japa- BRAND-NEW SMALL SIZE It we accept your present piane or other musical instrument as first payment you need not __ (Continued From Pirst Page) | nese commander, was re] d to have ordered a counter-attack. Mah's cav- alry swooped down on the Japanese right flank, the report said. Earliet information here today was that the Japanese intended to withhold any further aggressive action against the Chinese until November 25, when the period given Gen. Mah to accept the stipulations recently Jaid by Gen. Honjo as conditions of peace would have elapsed. Gen. Mah countered with another proposal which was delivered to the Japanese military commission at Harbin. He offered to evacuate the district south of Tsitsihar provided the Japanese first evacuated the Nonni area. The Japa- nese terms had demanded that Gen. Mah be the first to withdraw. A communique issued by army head- quarters began with a long statement |of Japanese grievances against Gen. Mah and sald his hostile and warlike | preparations placed the Japanese | Nonni River detachment in imminent | peril and compelled the Japanese of- | fensive as a self-defense measure. |"“In thebe circumstances,” the state- | ment ended. “the Japanese were com- | pelled to make the decision to remove all menaces and to take the offensive for | their self-protection.” TROOP TRAIN WRECKED. 1,700 Japanese Soldiers On Board; Casualties Reported Numerous. PEIPING, China, November 18 (). Chinese reports from Harbin said to- day that a Japanese troop traln carry- ing 1,700 infantrymen and artillery- men had been wrecked while passing over a bridge on the Nonni River. The casualties were said to be numerous. |LEAGUE IS VAROUSED BY JAPANESE DRIVE AND MAH’S DEFEAT (Continued From First Page.) o i council's members were preparing for a private session at which they planned to invite Ambassador Ycshizawa, Jap- anese delegate, to give a clear definition of his government's demands regarding Tespect for existing treaties. Plan to Ask Questions. It was understood they planned to question him closely with a view to dis- covering whether Tokio's demands in- cluded those “treaties” which the Chinese government has declined to ratify on the ground they were imposed by military force. The Council wishes to assure itself that Japan is not pro- posing to achieve political advantage over China through the presence of its Army in Manchuria. It was known that Ambassador Dawes and his confreres were unwill- ing to support Japanese insistence on treaty recognition if this is merely aimed to bind China to an engage- ment which her government always has repudiated. They are only willing to support efforts to secure Japanese lives and property as evacuation pro- gresses. The Chinese view was that the Japa- nese proposed to establish at Tsitsihar | another “puppet government” such as they are claimed to have set up at Mukden and Kirin. Thus all three of the ancient provincial capitals of Man- churia would, according to the Chi- nese, be under control of the Japanese military and the administrative con- trol of Manchuria would be virtually complete. NANKING'S GLOOM GROWS. Feeling Increases That China Will Have to Work Out Her Own Salvation. NANKING, November 18 (#).— Of- ficials of the Chinese government were | gloomy today cver the reports of the League of Nations Council’s session at Paris and hopes of strong action by the League to force the Japanese out of Manchuria were dashed. The feeling grew that China would have to work out her own salvation. Official and public circles still, said they relied on the League to hold “justice,” but they added there was little room for optimism over the result. “The people of China should be prepared for a financial sacrifice,” the North China Daily News, organ of the National government, said, apparently meaning either a severance of all re- lations with Japan or the latter's an- nexation of Manchuria. The government forwarded to the League today a note in which it de- clared it would regard as “a seditious institution” any Manchurian govern- ment_headed by Hsuan Tung, former boy Emperor, and would repudiate all its acts. The note was sent after reports were received that the former Emperor, who has been living in Tientsin as Henry Pu-Yi, was taken to Mukden to be re- stored to the throne. DENIES CHANGED ATTITUDE. Secretary Stimson Declares U. S. Has Offered No Terms in Far East Situation. By the Associated Press. An emphatic statement was made today by Secretary of State Stimson that this Government has not changed its attitude toward the Manchurian controversy. His statement said: “I want to correct certain erroneous statements which have appeared lately the press. ‘It is not true that this Government has changed in any way the attitude on the Manchurian situation which it has held from the first. “The American Government has not proposed any terms of settlement either to Japan or to China, has not been approached by either government on the subject of terms which it might approve, and has made no commit- Satisfaction Guaranteed Piano Manufactarers MANUFACTURER’S THANKSGIVING OFFER PAY NO MONEY DOWN TERMS s low as per week - Chas. M. Stieff, Inc. 1340 G Sy N.W.. Washington, D. C. D. C., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1931. Chang Gives His Views Young Manchurian Goverflor, Deposed by Japanese, Charges Tokio Is Trying to Set Up Puppet Governments. Chang_Hsueh-Liang. "member of an ol set up ‘“‘pup- o Teinstate the for- mperor and reaffirm: o resist Japanese pet governments. mer Manchurian e his determination domination. BY CHANG HSUEH-LIANG, Chinese Governor of Manchuria. (Copyright, 1931.) By the Associated Press. PEIPING, China, November 18.— I was convalescing from typhoid fever at the Rockefeller Hospital here when the Japanese launched the invasion which has extended to military occupa- tion of South Manchuria and is now penetrating into North Manchuria where fighting is going on near Tsitsi- har despite the fact that the League of Nations Council is in session. ‘The Tokio government has declared it is dealing with local incidents and had no intention of encroaching on the territorial and administrative 'integrity of Manchuria, but they have over- thrown the national government ad- ministration in the regions they are occupying. > A Japanese spokesman has empha- sized that Japan is particularly deter- mined that I shall not go back to Man- churia. This hatred is based solely on the fact that it was I who elevated Manchurian matters from a purely local to a national plane, compelling Japan to deal with the central gov- ernment instead of as heretofore with local officials. Insult to Intelligence. ‘The effect of this change must be ob- vious. It is indicated by attempts to set up puppet governments at various centers where such efforts hitherto have ended in failure. The recent attempt to smuggle the former Manchu emperor into Man- churia and to pretend that it is the popular wish that the Manchu dynasty be restored can be described only as an insult to the world’s intelligence. My relations with the National gov- ernment have not changed. Peiping is my hesdquarters as vice commander in’ chief and here I am carrying out the dutles of that office and directing affairs in Manchuria, althoga all me- gotiations concerning the present crisis are and will be conducted by the Nan- king government. The National government has placed the whole matter before the League of Nations, stating that if the League in- sists that evacuation by Japanese troops is adequate, Chinese forces will be sent from the Peiping-Tientsin region to re- store order and give protection to the Japanese nationals just as it is afforded in China proper. Japanese Are Responsible. ‘The banditry now rampant in Man- churia developed under Japanese in- stigation, and if bandits attack their troops, they themselves are responsible. The Japanese have said they have a force of less than 14,000 to oppose 300,- 000 fully equipped Chinese, and that this warranted extension of their occu- pation. But when the League decided that Japanese troops must be withdrawn into the railway zone, the Japanese said it could not be done because there was not an adequate Chinese force to take over. One is justified in asking what became of the 300,000 Chinese regulars so persistently talked about? There are, in fact, not more than 80,000 armed Chinese troops in the whole of Manchuria, and these are not on war footing, for the Japanese seized arsenal depots as well as the funds of Chinese banks and means of transpor- tation. China is relying upon the e to enforce its rulings, and when t 15 done it is China's wish that the League appoint foreign observers to witness the conduct of troops and police sent north to take over the occupied areas. ments, either express or implied, to either of the disputants. “This Government has consistently urged and is continuing to urge that only peaceful means and not military pressure shall be used in the settle- ment of the dispute between China and Japan regarding Manchuria. It un- derstands that this is the essence of the position taken by the nations rep- resented on the Council of the League of Nations at Paris. “This Government earnestly hopes that the negotiations now going on in Paris will find a way which will lead to a settlement of the difficulty in ac- cordance with these principles.” Secretary Stimson would not expand on his reference to the “negotiations” which he sald are in progress or say definitely how prominent a part Am- dor Dawes is playing in them. CABMAN BADLY HURT Harold Strickland Seriously In- jured in Capital Collision. Harold Strickland, 28 years old, of 1350 Kenyon street, was seriously hurt last night when his taxicab overturned in a collision at Seventeenth and R streets with an automobile driven by Benedict Taratino, 68, of 704 Seventh street northeast. Physicians at Emergency Hospital, where Strickland was carried, found the driver suffering from a fracture of the pelvis and internal injuries. New El Dorado Found. CANBERRA, Australia.—A new EI Dorado has been discovered in that por- tion of New Guinea over which Au- stralia holds a League of Nations man- date. Officials say gold production promises to rival the famops rand of South Africa. % 727 Forhan’s ASKS MARRIAGE RECORD SAN DIEGO, Calif., November 18 (#). District Attorney Tom Whelan said to- day he had asked the Yuma, Ariz, county clerk for a copy of the marriage record of Marjorie Rambeau, film act- ress, and Francis A. Dudger, 54, retired business man, who eloped November 10. Whelan said he could not disclose the nature of his investigation at this time. JAPANESE FORCE. Leading Political Party Prom- ises to Defend Nation to Last. Charging Japan had looked upon “in- ternational agreements as mere scraps of paper,” China’s leading politieal | party in a statement last night ex- | pressed the opinion that if Japan con.. tinues her militaristic activities China | thould “struggle to the very last” in | defense of national existence. - The strongly worded statement of ® | the Pourth National Congress of the Koumintang party, made public here | by the Chinese legation, declared Ja had not only failed to withdraw troops as requested by the League of Nations Council, but has “constantly increased their number.” s “Japan has for nearly two montha" the statement said, “occupied the three Northeastern provinces by military force. China’s patience has already been taxed to the limit. “Should Japan persist in d the just and righteous opinion of e of Nations and should | League of Nations as well as the friendly powers find themselves 2 | to carry out their sacred treaty y gations the Chinese people, to maintain the sanctity of the l‘lm covenant, the anti-war pact and nine-power treaty of Washington, in defense of its national existence, Will do their best to perform their duty whatever sacrifice may be involved. “For self-defense is not only a nat- ural right of every independent nation, but also a legal right to which China 3§ entitled under international law. “The congress therefore feels in bound to lead the whole nation to struggle to the very last, in order to safeguard the cause of justice rather, than yie:% fg :mu and thus to our sacred duty as s signa of the above mentioned mmwu treaties.” —_— PROTESTS DIVORCE LAW the Vatican felt such action for its name. 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