Evening Star Newspaper, November 13, 1931, Page 41

THE EVENING S'I'AR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 13 1931. OLD INDIAN CENTER *FOUND IN VIRGINIA Smithsonian Archeologist Lo- cates Site of Town De- serted About 1670. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. *”.Smithsonian Institution _archeol- ists have found the site of the old dian town of Manasukapanough, | within a few miles of the University ©f Virginia | “This _settlement, abandoned about 70, was one of the five towns located Capt. John Smith, head of the Yémestown colony, in his map of Vir- ja drawn in 1608 and appears to Have been an important center among the aboriginals. It was located at a #6rd across the Rivianna River which was a crossing place for Indian trad- ers on their to the Catawba cauntry. _After its desertion by the Indians the remains of the town were prac- tigally wiped out by the plows of the white settlers and only close following of maps and records of early traders | enabled David Bushnell, Smithsonian | grchedlogist, definitely to locate it. | The site was visited this week by Neil M. Judd, curator of archelogy, and | ab effort is being made to reconstruct | its curious history. Only a few Indian | aftifacts have been found in a trench two feet deep and about 200 feet long dag through one side of the site by the owner of the land to release the waters of an old spring which was fldoding the neighborhood. Tt was the €ame spring. Mr. Judd believes, which provided water for the settlement ‘ Eastern Stronghold of Tribe. | Manasukapanough, Judd declares, | was an Eastern stronghold of the| Siouan Indians, a branch of whom had pushed out of the West, beaten back the Algonquin tribes of Virginia, apd made their way down the Blue Ridge into North Carolina. They may have been descendants of the Mound | Builders of the Mississippi Valley, but | at that time the Eastern branch of the tribe was occupying Ohlo. The artifacts recovered from the trench are ! way “Barbara Hore Lovely New Fall DRESSES At Sa l.. T s " No woman need pay a for her new Fall clothes. extremely crude, chips, fragments of arrowheads, and bits of pottery. The Indians ap- pnr to have been at a lower culture e than the Algonquins around them leads to the theory of the Smith- sonian archeologists that they repre- sented a degenerated culture main- tained among hostile surroundings. The old_town not only was located by John Smith, but was described in 1728 by William Byrd, ancestor of Ad- mlrzl Richard E. Byrd, who came upon the site while on a surveying expedi- tion. For two centuries it appears to have been forgotten. Hope of finding Judd says. now rests on | knives part of the site has | with silt from the river overflow and under this accumulating topsoil a gocd deal may have been saved from the plow. It was customary | lflr the Ipdi to have their communal “sweat hous close to the river. Their dwellings were of wood and long since | have vanished. Across the river was the burial ground ge. In Thomas Jefferson's Monticello it was a_great mound, visible from the house on the top. Jefferson’s curlosity was arouse] that he ordered the avated. the first archeologi- cal project carried out in the United States. Jefferson’s Comment. Jeflerson wrote of his excavation dug superficially, and came tions of human bones from 6 to 3 feet below the surface These were lying in the utmost confu- sion. some oblique, some horizantal, and directed to every point of the com- pass, entangled and held together in clusters of earth. Bones of the most distant parts were found together—as the small bones of the foot in the hol- low of a skull, and many skulls would sometimes be in contact, lying on the face, on the side, on the back, top or bottom. s0 as to give the idea of bones emptied promiscuously from a bag or basket and covered over with earth without any attention to their order. Appearances indicate that the first col- lection had been deposited on the com- mon surface of the earth, a few stones put over it, and then a covering of earth: that the second had be laid on this, had covered more or less of it in proportion to the number of bones, and was then also covered with earth.” This aboriginal center declined rap- idly after the white settlement of Vir- ginia, but Mr. Bushnell believes a few continued to occupy the site at the be- ginning of the eighteenth century. As late as the middle of the century some were living who knew of the burial plare of their dead. Jefferson wrote: “A party passing about 30 years ago vlngs. this barrow is went through difectly to it without any m!lmctlom or inquiry, and, having staid about it for some time, with !x‘pruflonx 1 returned to the high road.” Possible Pilgrimage Site. Bushnell believes the place may have been a pilgrimage site for some time after the town itself had disappeared There is no known record of a wkite man having visited Monasukapanough, but it is believed from the known cus- toms of the tribe to have been a settle- {ment of wooden houses. joined together iin a circle, through which there were two or three gates. The houses were about 7 feet high, with walls of mas- sive timber, roofed over with rafters covered with oak or hickory bark. The hat | were construed to be those of sOrTow, | consisting of flint | through the part of the mumr\- wnere | NDRTHEAST OKLAHOMA GAS RATES ARE REDUCED | | Three Cities Service Subsidiaries Make Voluntary Cut—Murray Claims Victory. By the Associated Press. OKLAHOMA CITY, November 13.— Families in 14 cities and towns 11’1 Northeastern Oklahoma were cheered THE DERWOOD MILL today by the prospect of lowered gas | rates, effective with next month's bills, Under a voluntary reduction sched- ule approved by the State tion Commission late yesterday, three Cities Service subsidiaries cut thelr rates. The annual saving to consumers was esti- mated at $250,000. Companies affected are the Bartles- ville Gas & Electric Co., the Union Public Service and Consumera Gas. The cities benefiting include Bartlesville, M"Iml and Picher. Gov. W. H. Murray said the reduc- tions resulted from an investigation he had started several months ago. circle around which the houses were built was the town plaza, in the center | of which was a stump from which orators addressed the people. Derwood, Maryland Midway between Rockville and Gaithersburg Terms: Cash Phone Gaith. 19F13 Prices for this week: LAYING MASH... TURKEY MASH DAIRY FEED, 16%. DAIRY FEED 20%. 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