Evening Star Newspaper, August 17, 1931, Page 8

T THE EVENING STAR need of a well defined code is evident. {um-n taken for construction there With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.......August 17, 1831 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor Bt. d Pennsylvania Ave. k 8 : 110 u‘c"flnn 8t. Rate by Carrier Within the City. o Evening Star... . . 43¢ per month he Evening end Su Bi ‘vmen 4 Sundars) ... .60c per month and_Sunday ‘Siar undays) 65¢ per month Sta Sc_per cony the h_month. 3 . Collection made acl by mall or telephone Orders may bo sent in National 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday.....1yr. "gfi 1y ¢ gll only .. junday only . All Other States and Canada. o 1 1 $1.00 Bill ang Sunder 43 s me g0 lunday only ... 1yr., $5.00; 1 me B0c Member of the Associated Press. The Associited Press is exclusivaly ertitied to the ‘use for republication of ai s dis- | Patches cradited to it or not othery mo.. 40c |mary and election campaigns. jas & completed incident. For this reason the apparently harsh tactics of the authorities in the three cases now in the public eye may lead to benefits for future travelers of the alr because they draw attention to the ne- oessity for consideration of a problem that must be solved before many years Flyers of the future must them, but in the promulgation of the code, which should be designed for changed conditions, consideration should be given to the fact that air travelers need a rather special kind of treat- ment. It is not too soon even now for the framing of International” rules {which will make flying & convenient {method of transportation over all por- | tions of the globe. e R TR Mr. Rosenwald's 10,000 Shares. Strange are the ways of American poli- tics. Take the case of the Illinois senator- ship that was denied to Frank L. Smith of Illinois by the Senate on the score of his too liberal expenditures in pri- It was thought that the matter was closed, tied up in the records of the Senate There lies 1 | the long and documentary Ristory of the The Causes of Crime. Three blind men, according to John G. Saxe, writing in a verse that is one of the gems of American humor, were, 1n the courtyard of an Eastern prince, led into the presence of an elephant, the like of which they had never be- held, they having never seen. One caught | hold of its trunk and exclaimed that the creature was “very like a rope”; another felt of the elephant’s ear and vowed that it was “very like a fan.” ‘The third, grasping & leg, contended that the elephant was “very like a tree.” And this poem has stood for many years as an illustration of varia- | tions of the point of view. i ‘The report of the Wickersham Com- mission on Law Observance and En- forcement, popularly known as the Crime Commission, is being presented in & serles of chapters on particular phases of this broad and widely rami- fled question. The latest installment to reach the public is a composite study of the cause or causes of crime. Upon reading it, which is to say the indi- vidual reports of special investigators engaged by the commission, one is re- minded strongly of the three blind men and the elephant. Each expert or in- vestigator finds a different cause of crime, attributing law-breaking to thxt‘ particular condition of society in which | he or she is especially interested. It is not discouraging to find that the commission cannot put its finger | exactly upon a specific cause of crime in the United States. No one really expected that it could do s0. For there are nine members of the commission and there have been numerous investi- gators, and consequently there are al- most as many judgments—far more than the three rendered by the blind men. Crime is indeed a composite result of numerous conditions and causes. In one quarter there will be one dominat- ing influence or condition of society that will yleld more law-breaking than in another. Here it is unemployment; there it is bad policing; in another place, or in perhaps the same place, it is ineffective education or incompe- tent home-making, or lack of parental control. There are almost as many| causes of crime as there are crimes, | perhaps more. ‘The normal course of life is law- abiding. The abnormal course leads| to crime. The normal is dominant.| The abnormal is exceptional. As mod- | ern conditions have become more com- | plex there have been more temptations, | more incentives, more opportunities for erime. And yet soclety a thousand | {affair, including the testimony of wit- nesses who developed the tale of rich {offerings by a traction magnate to the | ;account of the Republican candidate. | There was the aftermath of the ap- pointment by the Governor of the non- seated elected Senator to fill the va- cancy caused by the Senate's refusal to admit him, and the warrantable, though hardly consistent, refusal of the Senate again to admit to its chamber | so “tainted” a person. That would seem to have been enough to mark this case as strange. But more has come. It comes in an unusual manner and is illustrative of ‘the iict that American politics is & composite oddities. Recently Prof. C. H. Wocddy of the | University of Chicago tried his hand | at current political history and wrote | a book entitled “The Case of Frank L.| Smith,” in which he set forth facts and presented deductions strongly inimical to the performance whereby Samuel Insull sought to place, in the Senate a man of his own financing. Now comes Mr. Smith himself with a letter to Prof. Wooddy, offering a fresh chap- ter for inclusion in the book in case it Tuns to a second edition. Writing this chapter himself, but in the third person, Mr. Smith tells a tale of inter vention in his political career by Julius Rosenwald, one of Chicago's most re- spected and indeed beloved citizens, head of a vast business with Nation- wide activity. Mr. Rosenwald, it seems, was friendly to another candidate for the Senate than Mr. Smith, one Mr. Hugh Magill. After the primary—so says the third-personal Mr. Smith—and before the election, Mr. Rosenwald approached Mr. Smith with an offer, which simply was to withdraw from the race in favcr of Mr. Magill, whose election would have been prob- able in such event. As a consideration for this self-denial, Mr. Smith says, Mr. Rosenwald offered him 10,000 shares of stock in his corporaticn, worth at that time approximately half a million and worth eventually, at the peak of the market, more than a million. Mr. Smith relates that he spurned the offer, went to it as the Republican candidate, and won the election, only to be non-seated by the Senate. Taking this for its face value, what would have been the result if Mr. Smith had taken the ten thousand shares and withdrawn and Mr. Magill had been | accepted as the Republican candidate | and had been elected? Mr. Magill would | probably have been accepted by the ! Senate. That is to say, unless this lit- | tle transaction between Mr. Smith and Mr. Rosenwald had become known. In of | | | }vfll be less and less space for parking and, as bulldings are completed, more and more need. A survey has just been made by a special committee of the Federal Bar Association, which has prepared a re- port urging the provision of adequate parking space for the employes of each of the Government buildings. The committee plans to present a bill at the next session of Congress Tequiring the setting up of off-street parking space within 2,000 feet of each Gov- ernment building, the parking areas to be under the control of'the office of Piblic Buildings and Public Parks, and Federal employes to be assessed only the bare cost of operation. It is not clear whether this contemplates open- alr parking or the construction of ga- rages. At one stage of the matter the pro- posal was made that garage space be provided beneath each of the Govern- ment buildings in the triangle suffi- clent to accommodate the cars of all of its occupants. This was not done in the case of the Commerce and In- ternal Revenue Buildings, now com- pleted. So far as known there is wmo such provision in the plans that are being drawn for the Labor, Justice, Post Office, Interstate Commerce and Archives Buildings, which are soon to be started. Just where adequate open parking space would be found within 2,000 feet of each Government building, unless in the Mall itself, is a puzzle. The park, purpose to any degree. The streets should not be used for parking to a greater extent than is now permitted. Indeed by the time these buildings are completed it is to be hoped that there will be no all-day parking in any of the streets of downtown Washington. g peeinsi it A man who has been convicted of financial obliguity usually says that when he has served his sentence he will make another fortune. This declara- tion has occasionally proved true, but instances of the kind are likely to be- come constantly more infrequent. The public is showing an increasing eager- ness for news and is at last beginning to believe and remember what it needs. | The unfavorable publicity is not men- tioned in the sentence, but it is, never- {theless, ane of the severest elements of | the penaity. podia e If Col. Lindbergh loses any time on his trip it will not be because of occa- sional pauses to read notes made of voluminous advice before the start. The colonel is usually tactful, but when at- tempts are made to tell him how to run his own airplane he can hardly be ex- pected to qualify even as a good listener. e el e Japan recognizes the fact that many kinds of mechanism are now consid- ered necessary to an airplane, but in- sists on using Messrs. Pangborn and Herndon as an argument to show that the camera is a contrivance which may prove more trouble than it is worth. et Influential Cubans are sald to be seeking peace. It is hoped they will be as sure of results in looking for peace |as they are when hunting trouble. The next great “Wild West” show will possibly undertake to dramatize the unrestrained emotions of indignant grain growers and oil producers. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNBON. Men Are Not What They Seem. ©Oh, Bings, who has a business in the undertaking line, Has a jovial stock of stories and a dis- position fine; I love to go and see him when his vari- ous cares permit, years ago was not strictly law-abiding | Which case the question weuld hiive been | And revel in his genial flow of anecdote and there was a large percentage of crime. Unfortunately no statistics were kept then, and indeed statistics of | whether the generous and public- spirited Mr. Rosenwald, who is above | suspicion of being snimated by the low | crime now are incomplete and unde- pendable. Nobody really knows why crime pre- valls in the sense of finding & dominant | major causation, Everybody knows that there is & dangerous degree of | motives attributed to the traction mag- nate, Mr. Insull, had by his benefaction | in behalf of his friend Magill tainted his title. Of course, acceptance by Mr. | Smith cf Mr. Rosenwald's princely gift would have made the senatorship an | crime, and all law-abiding citizens, | article of barter and sale, just as it was | Which means the great majority of charged it became when Mr. Insull put | But Bungs is & comedian who makes itizens, hope for correction. is no panacea for this evil. No one preseription, however effective, can remedy this disease. Better homes, better education, better parentship, fuller employment and the elimination of pernicious influences and examples in the amusements of the people, these are all factors for lowering the crime percentage. But it can only be | d and never eliminated. — r——— It will be perfectly safe for Col. Lind- bergh to go on making speeches en route. He is always careful to limit himsel? to the subject of aviation de- velopms and every community ma: properly be reminded of future pros- perity which airplane service is likely to bring about - Righteous indignation toward under- world killers has grown so strong that there 18 evidence of sincere determina- on to save women and children even 1f men have to shift for themselves s i Many planters object on principle to the destruction of a third of the cotton crop. ‘There is a natural aversion to establishing Government as & rival in the activities of the boll weevil ————e— The International Air Code. The fining of Capt. Frank Hawks by American customs officials for an {llegal landing in this country on & re- | eant zight from Canada, the penalties metec out by the Jzpanese to Panghorn | and Herndon for taking photographs on | their projected round-the-world trip and the protest last year by the British at Bermuda in regard to an unauthor- ized flight over the island, which re- sulted in the grounding of the aviator, | draw attention to the need for a better understanding of the rules of the air But there | yp large sums to get the nomination. for Mr. Smith. Then the Senate—of course, only in the transaction became | known ave been put to the test between it have the public we garded Mr. I e edvanc specu- h says he preposition ther oddity politics Axd that is an y of American ————— starting & system of very small Lrump‘n.‘mh‘x: for every ki of service, 55’.2,2“ is able to avoid the perplexities which arise when economic conditions call for a red of wage scales. By ng largely in promises the Soviet n able to capitall the future and allow the present care of | ttselt. tal | Prohibition y esteemed for getting rid of the corner saloon, but it cannot yet be credited with eliminating {the iniquitous hip f the de- | generate half-gallon | - ———— | Parmers cannot fail to regard condi- {tions as calling for remedy when they {are expocted to measure wheat in a {coal bucket Instead of & bushel basket. - ot - The Parking Problem. There is no more serious probiem | awaiting: solution in the District of Co- | lumbia than that of providing parking | space for the motor cars of employes | of the Government departments that {will be housed in the Mall-Avenue triangle when the great bullding pro- gram i completed. Varlous projects have bren proposed, but none to the point of adoption and execution, and as the bullding of the new structures progresies the urgency of the matter becomes greater. Just as present, with several squares cleared of their old sk or | | and wit And Bangs, who is a dentist, has & fund of humor rare And sympathy that makes the world seem generous and falr. He thinks that all mankind a crown of gold deserves to gain | For every head; and for each tooth a crown of porcelain. the public grin— | He spends each sordid day In counting dollars that come in. And when he isn't working there's a frown upon his face, Implying utter hatred of the entire hu- man race. Unhindered Eloquence. If I had my life to live over,” Senator Sorghum, be a scientist.” “For what reason?” “It is so much safer. A scientist s |able 1o go before the public and say {anything he likes without being called | before a congressional committee for in- | vestigation.” Universal Acquaintance. “I know just about everybody in this said I think maybe I'd | town,” remarked the prominent citizen. | | “Lucky man!" replied Miss Cayenne. |“No matter what wrong number the telephone operator gives you, you can | always find some one to talk to." | | 8. 0. 8. Oh, sallors, oft upon the seas, You say you've seen a “good stiff breeze!” Why don't you, some day, as you roam, Break off a piece and bring it home? | Congenial Entertainment. “Did you enjoy yourself at the mu- sicale | “Very much,” replied Mr. Cumrox. “A musicale is a great relief after a series of card parties. You don't have to take part in conversations or remember what | the trump 1. | The only cbjection to the self-made man is that in so many cases he has failed to put himself together so as to work noiselessly. The Censor. ‘The man who goes ahead and tries To do his level best Has little time to criticize The fallures of the rest. It is the wight who doth delight To idle all the day ! ‘Who when things are ot all right Will have the most to say. “De dog dat keeps snappin’ and pran- cin’ an’' prickin' up his years,” sald Uncle Eben, “gits de reppytation ob bein’ pow'ful knowin’. But hit am de one dat draps down on de rug an’ tak: tings easy wifout callin’ ‘tention ter hisse’t dat hab de real guuiption.” of course, should not be used for this | HE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON D. C, MONDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. The street car was humming along at a lively rate, as street cars do a great deal more often than they are given credit for doing, when the following incident occurred. If it didn't occur, at least it ought to, and we leave to the astute reader the decision as to whether it did or not. The tall gentleman with the tanned face was Jooking out the window, when suddenly his face began to twitch. “He's going to sneeze,” said debonair Templeton Jones to himself. “Ker-chew!" went the tall fellow. “I knew it,” said Jones to himself. Then the miracle happened. The man whipped out his handker- chief and deftly. caught the remaining two sneezes in it. ik e Jones slowly arose from his seat and | went up to the man, amid the stares | of the assembled riders. “Bir,” said Templeton Jones, in his best fcrmal manner, president of the Anti-Sneeze Society of America, I want to congratulate you “You are the culy man I have seen sneeze in the past 10 years who has managed to smother at least two out of three sneezes. | “I, myself, once caught an entire trio, that is why I was elected presi- dent of the society. “It is the custom of my organization | to propose for membership any one who even attempts to catch a sneeze, and thus prevent it from spilling millions of germs upon others. “The man who catches one or more of ‘the customary three is always elected. You may, therefore, if you want to, consider 'yourself aiready a member of the Anti-Sneeze Societ: * % Since we were the fellow passenger in Jones' seat at the time, we fell to questioning him about his society as soon has he had returned from the vi- cinity of the astonished hero. “Yes,” replied Jones, “I founded the | Anti-Sneeze Society last Winter. We | are as yet small in numbers, but mighty in purpose, and 1 am sure that before another year goes by we shall be an | army. | You see, there is just as much need | for our efforts at this time of the year, al- | most, as any other season. While there | are a thousand times more colds in Winhter, it is questionable whether there is more than twice as much public sneezing. “Perhaps you never thought of that, eh? It is one of the features of our ' work to bring such interesting facts to |the attention of the great general | public. “It is like this—in Winter many per- . TRACEWELL. would speedily blow cold germs away. No doubt this is accomplished, but in the meantime the wind gives them a greater dissemination. In Winter, in a closed vehicle, there is some chance of the germs not being brcadcast more than 5 feet, as some scientists claim “That claim, I believe, is mostly what the youngsters call the bunk. Let me tell you of a real experience. I was walking down the street recently, in company with a friend, when a gentle- man walking at least 30 feet in front of us gave a mighty ker-chew. “Immediately I felt a sprav across my face. I turned to my companion. “‘Did you feel that?’ I asked. I certainly did,’ he replied, pulling out his hand- kerchief, and wiping his brow. “‘What happened, of course, was that the wind wes in just the right direction to blow his sneeze back directly into our faces. This little incident was il- luminating, was it not? “It is all very well to lay down theo- retical limits to the pctency of sneezes, but the truth is that one is never safe from them. - “Let me correct an impression, if T have given it, that I am afraid of germs beyond what an intelligent per- son_ought to experience. “The breathing forth of quantities of water vapor, called a sneeze, from the depths of the human lungs, throat and mouth, is an intensely personal ex- perience which no one ought to want to share with others. ““There are certain actions which cul- tured people do not indulge in while in public, and I feel sure that the time will come when sneezing will be one of them. “It will yet be possible to board a public vehicle without running a bar- rage of coughs and sneezes. It is ridic- ulous to say that one cannot help sneezing. One can, if cne tries. “The simple expedient of pressing firmly on the upper lip, just below the nose, when one experiences a desire to sneeze is effective nine times out of ten. “Most people who sneeze in public know before they sneeze that they are going to do it. If they realized the harm of what they were about to do, they would take steps to nip it in the bud, or, at the least, they would make some attempt to catch it, to sneeze downward toward the floor, or muffle the remainder in a handkerchief. * * * ¥ “A feature of our work during the coming Winter,” went on Jones, “will sons with colds are forced to stay home, | be the study of the symptoms of an | land so the total amount of public the indifferent might think. “Such a large portion of the public {is indifferent to the matter of the dan- {ger of sneezing that most of our effort to date has been in the field of educa- tion. “As you no doubt saw just a few mo- ments ‘ago, I was’ practically the only person aboard this car who gave any sneezes. “Luckily for him, I was here, and 80 he received a public tribute to his in- Itentions and their success. Far too |many people regard a sneeze as noth- ing at all, when the truth is that a sneeze, from any one, anywhere, is & nuisance, & danger and a bore, * ok ok % “I recently appointed a committee to investigate the relative danger of sneezes aboard closed and open cars. I mean during Winter and Summer, of course. It might seem, at first thought, that the moving air in the open car L TELEGRAFO, Guayaquil—A great sensation has been create among a portion of the popula: tion due to the behavior of a number of inconsiderate youths, lately elevated to the guidance of motor cars, whose chief interest in life is to drive recklessly about the streets with their feet projecting from the doors or windows and fracturing the atmosphere with what they consider song. These sophisticated prodigies of privilege show a great lack of respect to the agents of traffic, evidently assuming them- selves superior to the regulations which govern the movements of other drivers Recently a particularly disgraceful example of sucn juvenile indifference was perpetrated at the corner of the streets Rumichaca and Nueve de Octu- bre. Quite a number of people were crossing at this intersection when sev- eral of these chauffeurs of the rt- ing” type came along at high speed and compelled the unfortunate pedes- trians to leap for their lives. Two po- lice agents were directing the traffic st this corner. The young speeders gave no attention to their signals, but flew by with the velocity of an express train. By providential graclousness, no one was hurt in a physical sense, but the mind of the public is becoming more and more exasperated, and on various occasions some of those who have nar- rowly escaped injury have tried to cap- selves. s has not often been possible, for, 12 these subjects pay no attention to the orders of the police, they are even less indulgent when it comes to the com- mands and protests of private citizens. If the authorities in the respective commissariats continue powerless to end |such hazardous conditions, then | riers should be erected in some of th: | more important sections of the thor- cughfares, closing them to general | traffic, until all these selfish drivers are extirpated in accidents where they will more likely be the sole victims, rather than merely the instrument of scandalous destruction to other people. - x | Bad Check Practice Termed “Robbery” in Mexico. sneezing is not increased as much s | particular attention to the herolc ef- | forts that chap made to catch his | ture and punish the dangerous drivers | | oncoming cold, and hence the possi- | bility of knowing one is about to sneeze, The civilized man, | possession of these facts, will do some- | thing about it. “Mental irritation is one of the little suspected signs of an oncoming cold. | If you are irritable at breakfast, or have | kicked the family cat, or sensed a dis- | posttion _to be _argumentative about | nol_hil;lx. know that you may be catching a cold. “If the trip downtown, either in a | public vehicle or in your own car, seems | unusually Jong to you and everybody on | the road a sort of traffic fool, be sure | you are coming down with a cold. “These are two little-recognized signs. ‘There are others, and the Anti-Sneeze Society of America is looking into them. No doubt we shall discover some amaz- ing things which in turn will be pooh- poohed by the experts, but we do not | care about that. “All great discoveries were pooh- 1 Eouhed by experts. The thing is to | bring light out of darkness: in this case |to hide sneezes under bushels. It can and will be done.” Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands, confirmed Communists in protest | against the infamous treatment they rec:ived at the hands of the police. The police might well ponder the fact that despite their oppression the Communists are gaining strength, There are more than before, at work spreading | radical thoughts in secret. * ok ox % Employers Move Employes, | But Not Wages, Higher. | The Evening Times, Glasgow —There are hundreds of workers in London who, | thise past few months, have been given a “rise” they never expected, but they are not one haifpenny the better off for it. It is not an increase in wages, but | 2n increase in the number of steps they | have to climb to their work every day, | because their employers have found that the higher the office the cheaper the rent. The result is they have “raised” their staffs by several floors in many cases, and are saving pounds each week in cash. A fair-sized ground-floor office may cost anything up to $10,000 a year, while one three or more stories up can be got for about a third of that sum, so_the result is a | steady move upward. Many clerks and | typists are sceing a great deal more of the sun than ever before. Coal Freight Rate Cuts Held Need of Industry From the Birmingham News. “What can be done to stimulate the coal industry?” asks Secretary of Labor Doak. None the less curious is Presi- dent John L. Lewis of the United Mine | Workers. Alabama, West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania mine operators and mine operatives would like to know. | With American operators and opera- | tives virtually at peace the country over—the peace that comes of dead- ened demand for coals—there could be | no better time selected than the present | for round table conferences. The vast untapped stores of bitu- { minous coal, precious though its by- - once in ! xico City.—The new | products may be from the viewpoint of Nt Uu“nlvnemu ntractions of the Com- | the chemist, cannot be reserved solely mercial Code will define the issuance of | for coking processes. There is an idle A draft or check without sufficient funds | Army of coal miners. What's to be done iyment as :,?oll:’:g;fi ;"na will stipulate a penalty of | of the coal industry, it may not be pre- Trom ohe to ten years' imprisonment sumptuous to suggest that if freight depending upon the pecuniary sum in- | rates were lowered from the points of volved. production to potential markets in the . v | tained, & number of mines now idle | Police Blamed | might be made productive, and thou- | For Progress of Communism. sands of abie-bodied miners set to work. ! rtiser. TokioA| In some regions of the United States D e Tiieh aehod] | the use of coal is prohibitive because | Student or R acath from the window Of the tremendous freight charges, | of the police station wi e 1 ey ety | whereas at the mine's mouth it can bé in d to the part he Purchased almost for a song. g}l:ys:l: xi‘;da mflfm movement. | We Americans speak with deep sym- There is nothing to show th> precise | Pathy of China because of the lack of motive which prompted the boy to seek fallways to carry rice from the fertile death. The impomant fact is that the flelds to sections where famine exists. | tragedy occurred while he was being | When we can remedy that piteous sit- | obbery without | Pending the meeting of these leaders | | West where very little coal can be ob- | | subjected to grilling by the police offi-| uation in the Far East, we should do cers. i i The incident struck the imagination | of Communists, who declared that the | man died a martyr for their cause. | The tragedy calls attention to the s0. Meanwhile, here at home we have overproduction in the coal flelds and underconsumption in regions where generations of people live and die with- out seeing & lump of earbonized for- polio> authorities are pur- | estry. ?&l:lfgymuzwu aptempts to wipe out rad- | Mr. Hoover ¢an give the Nation di- {oal thoughts. Apparently they go on ' Tection toward relief in this matter. He the assumption that t would | Is & practical engineer. He knows mines deter youth from in for radical snd mining. e railroads are hard for more revenue. The mining ideas. In a way the police are to blame for | industry is dead as @ doornail in the '.hepro_g:lh.cxecanmunmmw- fuel flelds. Certainly here is a confer- ment. Y theboldeno!-.\b-me‘o. oppress for all hands to be interested in. versive ideas, oblivious of the fact that It worth serious consid- grows on persecution. ‘mum by the Interstate Commerce ‘Young men sre apt to be discon . | Commission, is worth study by Radical thoughts 8] more to | President Al of the Pennsylvania them than to grovm-ups. ‘They take up | Railway, who lately has been spokes- subversive ideas not because they believe | man for the American railway systems in th.m, but because these ideas amuse | in_pray! for financial relief. ' them. | be made profitable to every- Nothing 1 nonsensical than body If a way can be dovised to create runishing | mew markets for copl here in North pathies. ica. more éents with radical sym Many students have become UGUST 17, 1931. The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York apparently has come nearer to splitting with Tammany over the in- vestigation of corruption in New York City government than he has during the whole previous course of his in- cumbency as Governor. Despite the as- sertion by John P. Curry, leader of Tammany, that the investigation is merely an attempt to “erucify Tam- many,” and despite the fact that the Democratic members of the Legislative Committee are bitterly hostile to the procedure, Gov. Roosevelt has called a special session of the New York Legis- lature to strengthen the hands of the committee. It been clear for some time, however, that either the Tam- many leaders would have to submit tamely to the investigation which is being_conducted into the government of New York City or that Gov. Rooseveit and Tammany would come to a clinch. Tammany, instead of submitting to the investigation and making no efforts to throw a monkey wrench into the ma- chinery, is doing everything in its power to hamper the investigation and at the same time Gov. Roosevelt continues to insist that the Legislature has the entire right to go ahead with the investiga- tion and that he will do nothing to prevent a thorough inquiry. * ok x x When the counsel for the Legislative Committee, Judge Samuel Seabury, put John F. Curry on the stand last week and drew from him the admission that he had called one of the State Supreme Court judges on the telephone and in the capacity of Tammany leader had sought to interfere with the immediate commitment to jail of Dr. Willam F. Doyle, the veterinarian who had re- fused to answer questions about split- ting his fees in cases before the Board of Standards, fees that ran into the millions of dollars, the Tammany leader made a r showing. His only plea was that he had acted as a Democratic Jeader in an effort to save a Democrat. He added to that the charge that the Republicans are seeking to embarrass the Democratic administration of New York City. * x % Bless his simple hcart; of course thz Republicans are seeking to embarrass the Democratic administration in New York, which means Tammany. But if the Tammany officeholders are ity of graft, it is no excuse to say t the Republicans are trying to show them up. It all sounds rather childish. The Tammany Democrats, however, are now planning to try to put through the Legislature amendments to the pro- posed law giving the Legislative Com- mittee fuller powers, amendments which would permit a similar committee to in- vestigate Republican-controlled cities in New York State. They are imbued wich the idea that the Republicans will re- sist such tactics and will show them- | selves up in the same light as the Tam- many Democrats. Well, perhaps the Republicans will do just that thing. But the people of the State and of the country, which takes an interest in th: great city of New York and its doings, still will want to know just what Tammany has been doing to rig the Government and the people of New York City. The New York ture has been called to meet Auglst 25. With the Republicans intent upon getting through the legisla- tion needed to give the investigating committee authority to grant immunity to witnesses, and ‘Governor seem- ingly ready to sign such legislation, it looks as though the legislation would finally be put through in one form or another. ‘There is no rule of unlimited debate {in the New York Legislature such as exists in the United States Senate, so ihe Tammany leaders will have 1o take their medicine in all probability before many days are over. * ok k% Gov. Roosevelt undoubtzdly has added to his strength as a presidential candi- date by his attitude toward the New York investigation. He may lose some strength with Tammany. But just how Tammany can benefit itself by attack- ing the Governor of the State under the present circumstances is It to un- derstand. He is in a to make it very uncomfortable for Tammany if he wishes to do so. * ok x K Georgia Democrats seem, in very large numbers, to have adopted the New York Goyernor as a favorite son candidate of theft own. A State-wide organization is rapidly being perfected there to sup- port Roosevelt for the Democratic presi dential nomination next year. Senator Harris, the senior Senator, has come out flatfootedly for his nomination and Senator George, the junior Senator, who in 1928 had the support of the Georgia delegation at’the opening of the Democratic National Convention in Houston, Tex., has indicated that he will not be a “favorite son” candidate next year. This practically leaves the way open to a solid Georgia delegation at the National Convention pledged to | support Roosevelt. | The New Yorker has for a decade {been a frequent visitor to Georgia, where he had gone often to aid in his cure of the condition in which an at- tack of infantile paralysis left him in 1921. He is engaged in a philanthropic enterprise for the cure of infantile paralysis at Warm Springs, Ga. * x %k % North Carolina for years has been | represented in the Senate of the United | States by veteran legislators. Last year | one of these, Senator Simmons, was de- feated in the primary election by Sena- tor William J. Bailey and the other, | Senator OVerman, died and was suc- ceeded by Senator Cameron Morrison. | The era of calm over the North Caro- | lina senatoriel situation has been broken | off short, it seems. In the first place, there is a contest against the seating | of Senator Bailey, brought by the Re- | bublican candidate against him in the 1930 election, and in the second, Sena- tor Morrison is now facing strong op- position in_the primary, which takes place next June. Morrison, who is now serving under appointment by the Gov- | ermorto fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Overman, is an ardent dry. He has so far two avowed ;wpronenu for the nomination next year. One of them is a wet, Robert R. Rey- nolds of Asheville, who 15 wut tor the ncmination of Gov. Roosevelt of New York as the Democratic candidate for | President next year. The other is Judge Thomas C. Bowie, former speaker of the North Carolina Hous» of Repre- | Cameron, though a newcomer to the Sen- | ate, leaped almost immediately into the | debate in that body last Winter as an | ardent supporter of ths dry cause. | Whether he will undertake next year to § e delegation to the national conVention favoring Gov. Roosevelt re- mains to be seen. If he doss, he may | stir up some trouble for himself as a | candidate for the senatorial nomination. There is a third candidate for the Dem- ocratic senatorial nomination, Frank D. Grist, State commissioner of labor, and an active member of the American Legion. Grist wants to know, he says, whether a poor man can be elected to the Sen- atz in North Carolina. He is criticizing Morrison because he is the husband of a former widow of a millionaire, At present, despite all this opposition, it looks es though Morrison would win. 1f he does, he may establish himself as Democratic leader in the State, a place which has been since the defeat of Senator Simmons, who for years was the dominating force North Carolina politics. Probably the veteran ex-Senator is getting amusement out of the situation which has now developed in his ginning publicans of the Bay write some kind of wet State platform next year, what the G»O. P. does ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘Washington is the world's greatest | storehouse of all kinds of knowledge. ' You can draw on it free of charge through our bureau there. Any question of fact you may ask will be answered promptly in a personal letter to you. Be careful to write clearly. give your full | name and ] '3‘& tnclg:edz-eent stamp for reply postage. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star Informa. tion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin direc: ington, D. % ‘What do such letters as “NC" or | “NX" mean on the underside of the ‘wings of an airplane?—H. M. K. A “N” is an international symbol which designates that the plane is from | the United States. “C” designates that | it is a licensed plane. “X" tes that it is an experimental plane. Q. In reporting weather conditions, what is meant by pressure’—W. H. B. A. Tt has reference to the atmosphere. [ Air has ht and exerts pressure | equally in all directions. The weight | of the atmosphere diminishes with the | height and increases toward sea level. | Rise in temperature causes the air expand and becom drop in temperature results in reverse conditions. Owing to these differences in temperature, the air is constantly | in motion, and the pressure varies at | different points on the earth’s surface | and is also centinually changing at any | one point. | Q. Is there in England an unsettled estate left by Sir Francis Drake in which relatives in the United States will share when the estate is settled?—E. R. A. estate was inherited by mem- bers of his family, and has been con- tinuously in their possession. Q. How ma in the United L. P. e i | people States use toothbrushes?— . No more than an approximation can be made. Dr.J. H. Kaufman esti- | mates that about 15 per cent of the population uses toothbrushes,and that :(l)].goo.non toothbrushes are used annu- Q. Are meteorites solid balls of fire?— | R.W. A. According to experts,. falling me- teorites are fused of white heat on the | outside a8 & result of air friction, but | inside they are extremely frigid—more | than 400 degrees below zero, which is | approximately the temperature of outer . What city was called “The Paris of the Oo!onle-xv—l. A.T. A. This name was applied to An- napolis. From a little settlement on the Severn in 1664 it grew in size and importancé until it became the capital of Maryland. 1750 it was fam | & native?—J. ously, variously and barmlessly active volcanoes on earth. Eruptions wel: comed by the Hawalians, since from many piaces are attracted to spect r outbursts. It 15 sald that these are probably the only volcanoes th;tI can be visited with reasonable safety. Q of 'hnv.nc;\;n:y is the sweetpea seeds of sweetpeas became an article of commerce as early as 1724. Q. What former member of Congress was nicknamed “Old Bullion"?—E. D. C. A. Thomas H. Benton. Q. How old was Florence Crittenton, for whom the homes are named, when she died>—E. G. C. A. She was § years old. Charles Nelson Crittenton, death 882 devoted his Q. Please tell of making—F. J. K. A. The history of the locksmith's art similar ‘primitive locks made access to the house easy and the improvement of methods, re- suiting in the so-called Lacedaemonian lock. Among the ancient nations lock- making mace little progress in advance of what had been done by the Egyp- tians. Even the Romans used very sim- ple locks. The tumbler lock was prol ably first invented and used by the Chinese, Q. How many times was the Liberty Bell rung before it cracked?—S. E. G. A. The Liberty Bell. which was brought to America in 1752, cracked at the first ringing after its arrival. was then recast, and cracked again on July 8, 1835, while being tolled in mem- ory of Chief Justice Marshall. olo is the ball hit its gayety and luxury, and was often referred to as “The Paris of the Col- onies.” I Q. What was the name of the lead- {ing masculine character in “When , Knighthood Was in Flower"?—J. N. . Charles Bran Q. How long is the train Orsat Salt Taker N B o Hawailan vol- as the most continu- Relief Work Preparedness Becomes Center of Debate Need for more next Winter is discussion while commentators await the fruition of President Hoover’s plans. i “Business itself must remedy situation unless it wants to invite Oonl:g gress to af it.” advises the -2 Lyn labor, with- Government _int " That paper points out that “Labor, as repre- Eanor, has Toceny repeted s repu s Tecent its di- ation of the dole.” “Mr. Hoover's plans need to be en- larged,” declares the Morgantown New Dominion, in the belief that the coming Finding no present prospects of effec- tive t’lu {is oklfhom “Unemployment _insurance Federal o and comfortably. “It is too late,” thinks the Des Moines Tribune-Capital, “to lay the re- sponsibility for the care of the coming Winter's unemployed at the of private industry. The workless mil- lions are here. Efther national or State or local agencies must meet the de- mands and and i siif flood. Though less matic, the situation ts a problem far more important m&ba of those. ‘The lent, from what can be gleaned of his own mfln-. is proaching it in the spi in 'h.ldl.; dealt successfully with those local gencies. It is a pity that the man he sentatives, who, like Cameron, is a dry. | X Tequire energetic " The in each . l’:ea.'deyll tomm u:g:irn"“h that “al- A &n encou extent, has been established organized opent'lfm of local, State and Federal “The Government's loyment Serv- ice figures, lccnnfln(mg‘me Oakland Tribune, “come as an answer to those who profess to believe that the problems have been neglected. To the vast ma- Jority of citizens whose faith in the President has unshaken they are in the way of that the administration is taking time by the forelock and preparing in ad- vance for any shift in the unemploy- ment situation.” get all the public going, includ- “The best way is to and semi-public projects has called in to aid him cannot trans. late that spirit in terms which will ktt:.ddle tt‘le enthusiasm of the in- s of antagonizing at outset many. of those whom he seeks to help.” Capitalizing His Career. From the Altoona Mirror. ‘There is at least one criminal United States whose friends. snd. -':: mirers are extremely fond of his name before the general pul Almost every day now it is possible find mfi-flmfl and more w ducrbtzv‘e of S e sort of slop, We presume it fs tru that the outetand ing criminal — does enjoy a great deal of