Evening Star Newspaper, June 6, 1931, Page 3

MANY WAYS FOUND OF ABUSING DOLE Instances of Shirkers and Married Women Drawing Benefit Are Cited. This is the seventh of a series of mine articles on the dole, written ajter several weeks of investigation in Great Britain. The series pre- sents an unprejudiced discussion of the dole, and an analysis of its dis- advantages and its benefits. BY CYRIL ARTHUR PLAYER. LONDON, June 5.—Whenever there {s something to be got for nothing, there will be found persons to take ad- vantage of it. In a scheme of such magnitude as unemployment insurance in Great Britain, liberally expanded to meet & prolonged emergency, abuses are inevitable. The extent of the abuse, estimated in cash, is impossible to determine. A Labor official in charge of important research for the General Council of the Trades Union Congress set it at $5- 000,000, It could be at best a guess and a guess limited by a troublesome definition of what is an “abuse.” ‘The writer, on the basis of conversa- tions with representatives of all views of the problem and on a definition of “abuse” which seems to him conserva- tive, would set the figure at triple that estimate, at least. It is clear that the “abuses” form an important financial item and a more important social problem, but that the heayy expenditure is due to principles of the scheme, as now in operation, and not. to any single factor involving wastage of money on the unworthy. Never Based on Minimum. ‘There never has been any “means test” for unemployment benefit. True to the original plan, qualification de- pends (setting aside the matter of con- tributions) on the length of time dur- ing which there has been unemploy- ment; it is never based on a minimum earned weekly income. ‘The Labor ministry itself sees “a number of difficulties, some of them ad- ministrative (for example, that of as- certaining the precise amount earned). ‘There aré others of a more general na- ture, such as the effect such a system might have on the level of wages.” Theoretically, the applicant for ex- tended benefit must prove— 1. That he is normally employed in insurable employment and will normally seck to obtain such employment. 2. That in normal times insurable employment suited to his capacities would be likely to be available to him. 3. That he is making every reasonable effort to obtain employment suited to his capacities and is willing to accep‘ such employment. Obviously. all these tests are difficult to apply—in fact, the discovery of an effective “test” vexes the soul of the administrator of the benefit. The third test is psychological, for it is extremely difficult to decide whether any particu- lar individual is genu‘nely seeking work, unless vou are in a position to offer him & specific job for which he is suited. Problem in Mind Reading. ‘Whereas the test for health insurance benefit is a doctor’s certificate and the test for old-age pension 2 birth certifi- cate, the test for eligibility to unem- ployment benefit, now that the bars are down and the original plan “ex- tended,” is more or less a problem in mind reading. ‘The importance of a “waiting period” before benefit can be claimed has been explained in a preceding article, on the basis that the first few days of individ- ual unemployment are easiest for the worker to support and the most ex- pensive for the State (or the fund) to pay for. The waiting period is six days. Following that, the rule governing continuity of unemployment sufficient :?u make a man eligible for benefit is Any three days of unemployment, whether consecutive or not, within a period of six consecutive days are treat- SPECIAL NOTICES. i WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY debts incurred after this date other than by myself. A. R. Mt 2140 N st. n.w. 7% A. SCHAEFFER, DRESSMAKER, IS NOW located at 1833 New Hampshire ave. n.W., Apt. 512, _Decatur_1450. 5 1 WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE debts other than those incurred by myself. C. R DREXILIUS, 201 Linden ave. Alex- R PR e 7 J. JACGBS, 8 K ST. N.E., 18 SELLING HIS sfore. Anybody having bills against him please present to R. A. HUMPHRIES, 808 N_Cap. st.. by Monday. June 8. ' THE NEXT EXAMINATIONS IN OPTOM- giry, will"be héld on Thursday. July 9. and uly G Al ‘percons " desiring to take the tlon"will fle their applications with the secretary on_or before June 11. 1931 M LUTHER DICUS, 1319 F st, n.w. Wash: Ington. D. C. EXCELLENT Dair shop and dry cieaner. right man.’ Stores and hous sale. Also 1 Dr. G. Norih Beach. ~ LOCATION ‘figl‘ SHOE RE- s es for rent or D. R BAILEY NEWSPRINT, WHITE. CUT TO SIZE: 4c ger b, In lats of 506 Ibs. or over, 3¢’ per b. under 500 1bs.: minimum order, 20 Ibs. Call_Natioval 5000, Branch 245. FOR SALE—PEERLESS SEDAN NO. 6-80—- 351227, for repairs and storage. ~Rear 467 8t 8w, e PAPERHANGING — ROOMS PAPERED, $2 and up, if you have the paper. Will bring samples. _Call Columbia 3588. 1 WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR other than cantracted by me. C. VEY WELSH. 1508 44th st. n.w._ THE ANNUAL MEETING OF TH holders of the American Fire Insurance of D C., and the election of nine (8) trus- tees for'the ensuing vear. will be held at the office of the company, No. 511 7th strest n.w. on Thursday, June 18, 1931, at 11 o'clock am. Polls open from 11 am. to m ™ GEORGE M. EMMERICH. Secretary._ PON'T _PERMIT YOUR LIVING, ROOM RNITURE AND RUGS to be destroye 3 MOTH! Let us Mothproof them for you —right 1 ome—by the Konate NO DEBTS ARL HAR- n_your. own Drocess, which carries INSURED protection or 3 vears. Now s the time. ~Reduced es. UNITED STATES STORAGE CO., 418 10th_St._N.W. MEtro._i8 JRVALID ROLLING CHAIRS, FOR RENT OR sale: line of new and used chail CHAIRS FOR 5 BRIDGE PARTIES, banque! meetings, 10c up per day eacl lso_invalid rolling chairs for ITED STATES STORAGE gt._n.w. Metropolitan_1844. ANT §rom NEW YORK ‘0 PHILADELPHIA, PA.. HICAGO . URGH une 25 ts_ 8outh’ and’ West. 'AGENT We also ‘pack. and STEEL ‘LIFT VANS anywhere. IMITH'S TRANSFER & STORAGE CO.. 1313 You St. 'N.W. Phone North :3343.9343, ¥F THIS I8 TO GIVE NOTICE THAT STIE! Welte Mignon xrand plano No. 42313 will loan’s Auction, 715 ‘13th st. n. June 20. to_satisfy lien held by Cha: Bulef, ‘Inc., for_the balance cue on the chase' price. Terms of sale, CASH. begins at 10 a.m CHAS. M. STIEFF, INC., __By GALO B.STROUP. Mikr._ ALLIED VAN LINE SERV] Nation-Wide Long-Distance ‘RETURN 'LOADS GH % ‘Junc_15¢1 Regular weekly service for part loads to from Washington. Baltimore. Philadel- York. STATES STORAGE cO, TN 418 10th Bt N.W. Phone Met. ROOT™ WORK —of any nature promptly and capably looked after by bractical roofers. Crll us up. Roofing 11! t. B.W. K Company " District- 6033, DISTINCTIVE —and_different! . That's what customers say about the rinted matter from this Milllon- llar Printing Plant. The National Capital Press o 1845, Wew wWork, or Repairs Capably l0od. our Serv] » Jobs. Phone Us. BUDGET PAYMENTS IP DESIRED 3 c u1V & FLOOD o Da7, Dec, 2700—Evenings, Clev. 0619, Executed Small ¢ money for | if 5. | honored and even heritable occupation. ;| Frequently there existed a curious re- e | there are ways whereby one may work, i#134-YEAR RECONCILIATION ] BEVERLY HILLS, Calif,.—Can't you zee a little political foresight in Mr. Coolidge’s quitting writing? No country would be cuckoo enough to nom- a col- through neces- I s Countey reference. When will coun! {’hat wastes billions on everything finally do justicé to a retiring Presi- dent and allow him for life at least two-thirds of his presidential sal- ary. It ought to be worth that much to taxpayers for the privilege we take in crucifying 'em while 1Q office. Elect 'em for a six years term and dont allow 'em to suc- ceed themselves. That will keep their minds off politics and the life's salary will relieve ’em of any worry of the future. | ! ed as a continuous period of unemploy- :x?en'., and any two such continuous periods, separated by a perod of not more than six weeks, are treated as one continuous period of unemployment. The rule is based broadly on the principle that unemployment benefit should be payable to any one unemployed at least half of the time. The com- mittee on _unemployment insurance headed by Lord Blanesburgh, and of which Miss Margaret Bondfield was a member, which examined the situation in 1926, pointed out that odd things developed from this rule as the rule does enable benefit to be paid in some { cases where the proportion of unem- ployment is lower. It is possible for days of unemploy- ment to be so arranged that persons may be unemployed and yet qualify for the receipt of benefit for those days. ‘This weakness in the system has been soundly abused, frequently with conni- vance between employer and employed, as the more days the worker can go on the dole the fewer contributions have to be paid in. Also, the system permits the work to be shared out among more ‘workmen. The notorious instance, admitted by Labor spokesmen, has been that of the coal-trimmers in Wales. There were 1,400 of them. The coal trimmer gets from $25 to $35 for a 24-hour day. By having these men work two or three days and going on the dole the rest of the week, the work went around among a lot of trimmers. Of course, this is an exceptional case, and coal trimming is more or less sporadic. But no man earning $75 for three days’ work needed an allowance from the taxpayer to reconcile him to a vacation the rest of the week. ‘Then there is the professional foot ball player who is paid $32.50 a week and nl:flclfllly “unemployed” four days a week. Outside of Benefit's Purpose, ‘There are the sandwich men and bill distributors who work only one day a week, and, week by week, come on the fund for five days. There are steel workers earning $32.50 for four days, dye industry workers earning $5 a shift, four ~days a week; slaughter house workers earning $25 in four days—and all of them going on the dole for the idle days. There is no disposition to contend that the standard of living for many of these, even with their wages, is luxurious, but obviously such instances as have been mentioned are quite out- side the purpose of the benefit. More- ever, probably 1,000,000 of those claim- ing benefit are receiving it at the public expense, without any built-up contributions, while the other 1,000,000 are receiving merely a benefit con- tracted for and steadily subscribed to. In the case of the former, the benefit is a dole and a misplaced dole where the employment, even if broken, is consistent. In the case of the latter, now a sad and somewhat resentful minority, it is a despairing. but sincere adherence to the fundamental principle of compulsory insurance against unem- ployment. ‘The problem of finding “suitable” work for the man who ‘“genuinely” seeks it is very difficult; it is even more difficult with women. One phase of the married women problem revolves around the payment of unemployment benefit to a woman who has left employment on and be- cause of her marriage and who, in many cases, has left the locality in which she was employed before mar- riage to make a home in the town where her husband is employed, where there is no werk of the only kind for which she is qualified, even were she available for it. She promptly claims the dole, and as obviously the authori- ties cannot offer her work of the style “to which she is accustomed,” she gets t. Among the miscellaneous cases as- sembled by the writer there are many in which girls refused $3.75 or $5 a week, preferring the dole, and there is an instance where a man earning $152.75 in 12 working days was on the dole. ‘The Labor ministry denles any pau- perization and it is wholly unfair to de- duce from these examples that th British have become a nation of loafers. The working. populltlua,ls more than 12,000,000 But the Abuses are im- ant for obvious reasons. Tells of Abuses in Scotland. Sir Henry Keith, representing the convention of Royal Burghs, tells of abuses in Scotland. He speaks of young men drawing the dole who are the best customers of the local billiard salocn; of miners who refused work at $8 a week because they could get $7 a week for doing nothing, and of the inevitable young married women, “with no real intention of looking for work,” who registered and drew benefit. One result cf the system, so far as it makes it nice for women'with any sort of part-time occupation, or a hus- band, to round out their resources, is a great dearth in domestic servants. In the past, domestic service was an 1 lationship which permitted to the em- ployer & certain number of gratifying little snobberies and to the 'servant an enduring security through life and old age. gDumesflc servants, since the occupa- ticn has only negligible unemployment hazards, are outside the unemploy- ment' benefit system. Therefore, the daughters of starving mining families, for example, who are hopefully placed in domestic service, soon discover that niecly dressed, in a store or even a salocn part time, and “go on the good cld dole” for pocket money. (Copyright. 1931 b North American News- | paper Alliance, Inc.) TRY FAILS, ASKS DIVORCE Wife Left in 1897 After Second Marriage, Man Tells Superior Judge. By the Assocfated Press. CHICAGO, June 6.—After spending 34 y-ars trying to make a woman change her mind, Oliver B. Don Durant is will- ing to give it up as a bad job, he told Judge Rudolph F. Desort in Superior Court. Bon Durant saild he and his wife,| now living in New York, were in 1885, divorced in 1894 and | Louise | Adena Young. remarri-d in 1897. A month after the second wedding, he testified, she left h'm and ever sinc® thit time he had tried, without success, to recon Judge Desort said he would grant Bon Durant a divorce, x‘ cil> her.!and CANON STOKES URGES GROWTH AT HOWARD U. EXERCISES Commencement Speaker Declares Every Man PO;SCSSCS Gr-e at Latent Powers. Lauds Colored Race. Every man possesses latent powers which, if used after proper develop- ment, would bring distinction to him- self, his race and, if he be a university man, his alma mater, Rev. Dr. Anson Phelps Stokes, canon of the Washing- ton Cathedral declared at the sixty- second annual commencement of How- ard University late yesterday. ‘The study of history, blography, mod- ern science and personal experiences, Dr. Stokes said, reveal that man is capable of developing powers ,“almost beyond belief.” Man’s history from the ape-man of Java to the cultured in- dividual of today, he continued, proved that difficulties overcome by the human race had been and could be defeated by individual members of human so- Pralses Negro Race. The Canon of Washington Cathedral commended the accomplishments of the Negro race in “the two generations since emancipation, when its literacy was increased from 10 per cent to 85 per cent.” Colored have in- creased -mumerically, he pointed out, from 800 to 48,000, the wealth of col- ored le from $20,000,000 to $2,000,- 000, and their homes from 12,000 to_700,000. Dr. Stokes urged the Howard grad- uates to remember that, with com- mencement, their education only had begun. Their minds, he said, must be used to develop professional knowledge and skill; their sympathies must be kept generous, and the will should be developed by choice always of the high- er rather the lower principles. The commencement was opened by the invocation of Rev. Dr. William A. Shelton, pastor of the Mount Vernon Place Methodist Church South. Rev. J. L. 8. Holloman, pastor of the Second &pu.u Church, intoned the benedic- n. Degrees were conferred as follows: College of Liberal Arts. Bachelor of Arts (Cum Laude)— Leona Marcheta Ttmmons. Bachelcr of Arts.—John Percy Bond, Bernard Andrew Braxton, Kenneth Lloyd Bright, Robert Aaron Brown, Robcrt A, Burrell, Marion Leressa Cathey, Estelle Rae Chavous, Herman B. Chapman, Frances Bradford Davis, Julla Eliza Davis, Bernest Lee Dixon, Cary Hatton Freeman, Penrose E. Goodall, Madelyn Gwendolyn Harris, | Middleton Alexander Harris, Viclet Margucrite Harris, Ethel Augusta Houston, Oliver White Hill, Samuel | Watson Howard, Dorothy Naomi La- | tham, Lowell C. Lomax, George Henry | Mance, Mercer M. Mance, Mabel Laur- | rainne Patton, Clarence M. C. Pendle- ton, Willlam Sidney Pittman, Elaine L. Smith, Clifford O. B. Smith, Ivan Earle Taylor, Willlam Wesley Walker, | Jr.; James Uriah Watson, Ficyd Free- land Wilkerson, and Marguerite M. Willard. Bachelor of Sclence (Magna Cum Laude—Harry Mozenia Landers, jr. Bachelor of Science—Earl Taft An- derson, Lorenzo Robert Berry, Gilbert Balfour Bovell, George Doute Brown, John Thomas Christian, James Blain Cobb, Alonzo Joseph Davis, Edith Isabel Gibbs, Frank Carroll Gordon, John Allen Harris, Edward Estis Halloway, Hubert Grant Humphrey, Richard Henson Irving, Thaddeus Everett Whyte, Alva R. Jenkins, Archie W. Johnson, Darnell Edward Johnson, An- drew Henry Lorick, jr.; John W. Lcu- den, Ethel L. Nixon, James Wilbert Nofles, Noble F. P. Payton, George Earl Peace, Robert - B. Phillips, Charles Prudhomme, Seifert Claremont Pyle, | Clera Erovello Rhetta, James Eliron Roberts, Archesl L. Roy, Roland Boyd | Scott. Earl E. Shamwell, Ernest Walter Shervington, Nehemiah E. Smith, Les- ter Guy Spellman, Le Roy Russell Swift, Hubert M. Thaxton, George D. ‘Thorne, Alphonso C. Warrington and|jn Harold Horatio Whitted. Bachelor of Sclence in Commerce (Cum Laude)—David Franklin Jeffreys. Bachelor of Science in Tce— Jacob Robert Capott, jr.; Maurice An- | thony Coates, Charles Cromwell Coley, | Frederick Henry Gamble, William C. Syphax, Edward Thomas and Evan Kenneth Walker. . College of Education. Bachelor of arts in education (Summa Cum Laude)—Cecie Roberta Jenkins. Bachelor of arts in education (Magna | Cum Laude)—Vivian Eulalia Jenkins, | Dellie Lee Roger, Arthur Fletcher Eimes, | Gladys Anne Fitzgerald, Pauline Ade- laide Gaskins and Theodora Christine ‘Williams. Bachelor of Arts in Education (Cum Laude)—Mollie Herbert Brooks, Sara Naomi Gaskins, Gussie Ione Heard, Alvesta P. Lancaster, Ruth Elizabeth Matthews, Elsie Mae Pedro, Walter Na- thaniel Ridley, Clarice Euretta Shorter and Evaretta Madeline Sims. Bachelor of Arts in Education.—Bea- trice Martin Adams, Lucille Laura Barnes, Randolph Carpenter Baylor, Julla Elizabeth Blaylock, Paul Emanuel Bowes, Esther Hall Braxton, Eileen Ford Brooks, Marie Antoinette Brown, Lu- cinda Christmas Bruce, Wilhelmina Elizabeth Bullock, Edward Stuart Bur- leigh, Eunice Eleanor Callender, Earl Taylor_Carrington, M. Almittie Chat- man, Blanche Butler Clarke, Carl D. Coleman, Charles Kenneth Coleman, Frances Dolliver Conrad, Anna Beatrice beth Garner, . Lilllan Nellle F. Gillem, J. Parker Gillem, Eve- lyn Martha Gray, A. Ruth Hall, Beatris Fitzgerald Hammond, Ethel Juanita Hart, Ruth Esther Harvey, Althea Elnor Hicks, Clotill Marconier Houston, Mar- garet E. Hueston, Lawience E. James, Alice J. Jordan, Vesta Clementine Ken- ney, Celia Esther Marshall, Roland. C: houn McConnell, Almena Virginia M« Rae, Helen Minerva Meredith, Susie Elizabsth Miles, Archie Lester Moore, Emma Pauline Myers, Helen E. berry, John Warren Ormond, Mills Pearson, Alice Roberta Pel Vera R: Purefoy, Otto Bryant Ramsey, Ethel McKinley Rattley, Edna Martyn Redmond, killis Ruth Roberts, Carrie Eva Rucker, Grace Louise Robinson, Lucius She] Robinson, Lois Gwen- dolyn Seales, . Charles ' Allen Shorter, Flfreda K. Taylor, Hortense Janis Tins- 1da Washington Tyler, Thelma Mae ‘Warwick, Reginald M. Washington, An- nie Lucille Wheeler, Selam White, Henrletta Willlams, James Chancellor Williams a#d Elizabeth Ben- nett Willilamson. 3 Bachelor of Science in Education, Cum L2ude—Willlam C. Curtis, Leona Elizabeth Gray, Ora L. Gibson and Ellington Stewart. e« Bachelor- of Science in Education.— Beatrice A. Bianchi, Thelma C. Cousins, Genevieve Boyd D:g.on. Lawrence Car- School of Music. Bachelor of Music.—Esther Mae Hall and Sylvia Anaise Labat, cum laude. Bichelor of School Music.—Alice Ber- enice Neeley, Le: Edward Smith and Katrine Nelson White. College of Applied Science. Bachelor of Sclence in Architecture. e Wil Joncs Scien ames o!gln fore Reid; Bachelor of Science 4 and Bachelor of Science in Home Eco- nomics, ldye Louise Taylor. School of Religion. Bachelor of theology (Cum Laude)— Joseph Josiah Bethlehem Morford and Frank Edward Sutch. Bachelor of theology—Claude Gray ¥ Backi elor of divinity (Cum Laude)— Belle Inez Conrad, James Russell Cal- vin Pinn and Lee Cato Phillip. Bache- lor of divinity—John Morris Gibson and Levi Lenard Stanmore. School of Law. Bachelor of laws— Thelma Davis Ackiss, A. B.; John Dart Anderson, Tabytha Anderson, Edward Alexander M. Beaublan, Joseph N. Birch, 2d, Ph. G.; Jesse Simpson Bowser, A. B.; Benjamin Rhoden Coward, A. B.; ness Loyal Ennix, A. B.; Marion Gaines Hill, A. B.; Alwynn Bertrand Howard, Charles Aloysius Lawrence, _Joseph Orfile‘::!ut Travis and Eugene Bienville W College of Medicine. Doctor of medicine—Charles Clifton Andrews, B. S.; Lester M. Archambeau, Henry Brown, A. B.; Roderick L. Chamberlain, B. 8.; Le Grand Lawson Coleman; Ira Woodson Cornelius, jr.; Claude Lee Cowan, B. S; John Ray- mond Curtis, B. 8; A. Antonio Da Costa; Hyacinth Amanda Davis, A. B.; Albert Woods Dumas, jr., B. S.; Per- fecto Andino Espejo; Ferdinand Nether- cotte Forbes; William A. French, jr. A. B.; Charles Francis Gibson, A. B.; Isaac Kingsley Givens, A. B.; Lawrence Willem Greene, B. S.; Alva Bernard Harper, A. B.; Charles Beresford Hayes, B. 8.; Jonas Albert Henry, jr, A. B.; Milton Emery Holmes; George H. Jen- nett, jr, B. 8.; Peter Douglas Johnson, B. 8.; La Verte Walton Jones, A. B.; Robert Kenneth Jones, A. B.; Kathleen H. Jones-King, A. B.; Glendon Louis Logan; Cecil Marquez, B. 8. John Bruce Massey, B. S.; Edward Elbert Mc- ‘Willlam Alexander Mc- , B. S.; Samuel C. B. 8.; Walter E. Merrick, B. 8.; Willlam Moore, A. B.; Willlam Jones Mosee; Rewan Orville Murray, B. 8.; Howard Marshall Payne, A. B.; Joseph Alexander Randall, B. h Braw- ley Robinson, A. B.: Charles Wesley Ross; Warren Monroe Russell, A. B.; ‘William Benjamin Scott, B. 8.; A. Mal- colm Seabrook, A. B.; James Edward Shields, B. S.; Jackson Shepard Smith, B. S.; Wilbur Hughes Strickland, A. B.; Frank Hitchcock Trigg: Joseph A, Tulloh; William Alonza Warfield, jr.: Maurice Montern Wesson and Lowell Cheatham Wormley, B. S. College of Dentistry. Doctor of dental surgery — Vernon Fitzpatrick Ballie, Edgar Egerton Car- roll, Thomas Wilson Cobb, J. Benjamin Ewers, Allan Fitz Gilbourne, Roland Oscar Groomes, Robert Ebenizer Har- ris, John Dewey Hawkins, Harry Theo- dore Penn, George Hastings Wilson and Robert Otis Wilson. College of Pharmacy. Pharmaceutical _ chemist — William Samuel Douglas, Leonard Lacy Edloe, Du Pont Arthur Evans, Ruth Louise Greene, Charles Louis Johnson. Elijah Edward Lacy, Joseph Menard Millender, Moses Locatee Moody, John Milton Parker, Forest Stanley Shields, Harry Lesier Tucker, James Edward Turner and Thomas Alexander Willlams. ‘The Graduate Division. Master of arts—Joyce Ethel Cum- mings Hodges, Lawrence Ferrell Jor- dan, John Francis Price, Peter Staple- | ton Ridley, Olga Moore Russell and | Stanton Lawrence Wormley. Master of science—Chauncey Parker and James Wallace Wormley. The following students of the School of Medicine are awarded interneships Freedmen's Hospital for the year 1931-32: Medical — Lester Milward Archambeau, Jamaica, British West In- dies; Le Grand Lawson Coleman, Yazoo City, Miss.; Claude Lee Cowan., Knox- ville, Tenn.; Merrill H. Curtis, Chicago, IIL; Albert Woods Dumas, jr., Natchez, Miss.; Perfecto Andino Espejo, Santurce, Porto Rico; Ferdinand _Nethercotte Forbes, Jamaica, British West Indies; Charles Francis Gibson, Washington; Lawrence Willlam Greene, Sharon, Pa.; Charles Beresford Hayes, Kingston, Jamaica: George Hemington Jennett, jr, Honduras, Central America; Peter Douglas Johnson, Atlanta, Ga.: Robert Kenneth Jones, Mount Sterling, Ky.; | Kathleen Heloise Jones-King, Barba- does, British West Indies; William Jones Mosee, Dayton, Ohio; John Bruce Mas- sey, Summerville, 8. C.; Walter E. Mer- rick, Kingston, 'British West Indies: Rewan Orville Murray, Jamaica, British West, Indies; Howard Marshall Payne, Washington; Joseph Alexander Randall, West Elizabeth, Pa.; James Edward Shields, jr., Petersburg, Vi Frank Hitchcock Trigg, Washingtcen; Joseph A. Tulloh, New York, N. Y., and Wil- liam Alonza Warfield, jr. Washington. %‘x'l':.ll——flormn H. Williams, Wash- n. Princess Marie Louise IIl LONDON, Jun® 6 (#).—Princess Ma- rle Louise, cousin of King George, was seriously ill today. She was said to have a temperature of 104 after a chill. S BORDERS DESTROY “HOPE OF MILLIONS European Minorities Trans- ferred in Peace Treaties Look to Force. This is the third of four articles by Prank Simonds on Europe and the world crisi (Copyright, 1981, McClure Newspaper Syn- dicate.) BY FRANK SIMONDS. I1I—The Minorities Question. ‘To the political and economic aspects of the European problem it is neces- sary to add a third, which might per- haps be described as the human phases, and this is in many respects the most disturbing of all, since it bears upon the feelings and circumstances of mil- lions of people directly and of tens of millions indirectly. This question con- cerns the present situation of the rela- tively large masses of people who were by the peace treaties transferred to a new and alien rule. And it is precisely where one en- counters this question of ethnic minor- itles that one most acutely feels the atmosphere of passion and which prevails over vast areas of the European Continent. In my recent n visit I traveled through the Polish Corridor, around the wide and tragic circle of the post-war frontiers of Hungary, examined at close range the conditions of German, Polish, Hungarian and other Slav minorities, studied at first hand the human con- sequences of the peace treaties. And from this journey I confess to have brought back a conviction deeper than that produced by any political or eco- nomic circumstances. Dominated by Despair. In fact, once you cross the Rhine or the Alps, it is to come in contact with & condition dominated by bitterness, agony and despair which has no par- allel in American experience and can hardly be translated into our own lan- guage. Invariably, too, in facing these facts one has to remember that what now exists has endured for more than a decade of nominal peace, has in fact become chronic. Moreover, if this phase of the Euro- pean fmmem is primarily human in its appesl, it is not less economic in its detall. For the same treaties which subordinated more than 10,000,000 Ger- mans‘and Magyars to foreign and alien rule also destroyed the political and economic associations of more than 150,000,009 people, associations which |hld developed and expanded during centuries in all the vast regions be- | tween the Baltic and the Aegean, the | Pripet marches and the Elbe. As a consequence of these treaties, systems of economic life were upset. Innumerable railvay lines playing a useful role in the service of large areas were cut by new frontiers, the change marked by the rpmoval of rails. Lit- erally thousands of miles of such rail- ways now end in rust, where ethnic or alleged ethnic limits meet. Rivers which once carried heavy car- goes of wheat snd coal are now devoid of traffic and have silted up. Before the war the Danubian plains and the Slovak and Transylvanian highlands were under a single political control, which regulated the rivers in the moun- tains to protect the inhabitints of the plains. Today the mountain regions are controlled by states which have no interest in the fate of the lowlanders belonging to a foreign country. As a consequence, the great regulating works are neglected and the people of the plain exposed to devastating floods. All the vast and Intricate system of water control along the Tiza, the Maros, the | Vistula, and even the Danube, is falling into disrepair, and fields drained by decades of careful labor are reverting | to marsh. Tsolated From Country. To satisty stragetic rTequirements cities were isolated from their country districts, the peasant from his market, the merchant from his customer. Vile lages were cut off from the railway stations by new frontiers, farm houses shut off from their only highways by political boundaries indicated by their front fences. Indeed, houses have been separated from barns, wells from the kitchen. On the days when Rumania has holidays, Hungarian peasants whose lands are divided by the frontiers cannot cross line. It then follows, automatically, that the new frontiers are everywhere be- coming indicated not so much by ethnic distinctions as by a no-man's land of economic and agrarian decay. If one travels from Berlin to Bucharest by Prague, Vienna and Budapest, he will pass almost as much time in boundary halts as in motion. At each frontier station he will be overhauled by two sets of officlals. He will see each frontier station having something cf the aspect of a fortress on a war footing: at certain points he will see the pill boxes of the old trench, war style, loopholed for machine guns. Everywhere he will find soldiers, secret service agents, spies. And at every one of these frontiers, save, perhaps, the Austro-Hungarian. he will be made painfully aware of the atmosphere of suspicion, resentment, hatred and fear, equally violently felt on either side. Similarly, the most un- observant of travelers has only to pass a night in Bromberg or Thorn, in the R DETACHED HOMES AT ROW_HOUSE PRICES 6403 to 6411 toched. .2rd St. N.W. Lo*s 41 by 110 to alley. Drive out Georgia Avenue to Only New: de! Riftenhouse Bureet and thence east to Thifd Stroet, or cars pass door. eft. 4009 21st St. N.E. Detached brick. Very attractive Reduced $1,000. home. General Electric refrigerator. 4710 Chevy Chase Boulevard N.W. Just west Chevy Chase Club grounds. Special bargain. Only one of these, 1737 Upshur St. N.W. 1'% squares west 18th General Eleetric refrigerator. Street: 8 Reduced 33, m% double brick garage, 2 baths, 1220 Hemlock St. N.W. 2.storles, 8 rooms, bullt Drive out 16th St. and turn right on 100 feet to house. Reduced $ t of 16th and Alaska Ave. N. . to Hemlock St., and then 3400 15th St. N.E. (Corner) \ Eemi-detached, Just south of Monroe Nlutlfal gn' home, just north of Lawrénce Street and and lighted. Reduced $2,000. - DRIVE OUT AND LOOK THEM OVER Ernest mh and Herbert Roy Orr, i ; | which has resull he ordinary human be- has becomefor ethnic minor- Czechs Rule Hungarians. How can one make such circum- stances “come alive” for an American reading public? Once in the little city of Komarom, in Czechoslovakia, I tried to devise an American parallel, and in- stinctively I recalled my native vil- lage of Concord, Mass. As Concord was the home of Hawthorne and the scene of the first battle of the Revo- |im: lutlon, Komarom was the birthplace of Jokel, the greatest Magyar novelist and the fleld of one of the most splendid exploits of Hungarian patriotism. Moreover, as Concord people are Amer- ican, so with equal unanimity are the people of Komarom Hungarian. Yet this town is dominated by police and officials who speak only Czech and Slovak, and behind the police is a gar- rison of several thousand Slavs. though & native Slav population does not exist, the Hungarian schools have been closed to make room for the chil- dren of the allen officlals. Where Hungarian is still permitted to be taught, the children are allowed to read, not their own poetry and story, not the works of Jokai, but simply translations from the Slav. Hungarian newspapers may not circulate. Hun- garian_colors may not be shown. To cross the Danube into the western half of the town, which remains Hungarian, one must pass two inspections and pos- sess two visas, obtainable only at much cost and delay. ‘The very waterworks which serve both parts of the town can be shut off by |1 the Slavs at will and without warning, and the are condemned to pay twice as_much as the Slavs for their supply. In the Slav portion all conceiv- able tactics are employed to suppress i the Hungarian identity of the inhabi- tants, to cocrce the older and assimilate the younger. How would this condition appear to the people of Concord, Mass., if for example, the fortunes of war had turned them over, say, to a French- Canadian military domination? Irony in Wilseon Monument. In the purcly Magyar town of Lo- songe, also just within the Czechoslo- vakian frontier, and as Hungarian as Komarom, I encountered one of the most ironical testimonials. Here where a majority is in the process of violent denationalization, where to all the per- secutions possible within legal limits there are added the others permittzd to power such as forcible sequestration of land and sudden arrest, is a square which the conquering Cz:chs have named after Woodrow Wilson, the great apostle of self-determination. For it was through his activities that Komarom, like Losonge, passed to a foreign mas- ter, despite the will of its people, the former to give the Czechs the strategic advantage of the Danube frontier, the latter to give them control of a railway and highway of military value. ‘What a story might bz written, if one undertook to record in soberest phrase all the unimaginable sufferings of all the little peoples along all of these fron- tiers, of force and of injustice created by the peace treaties alike in deflance of the ethnic and the economic realities! miscalculation would be set down if one only tabulated the innumerable petty persecutions and physical violences which are the daily story of life along llrtg:'fly thousands of milks of bound- aries! Again, what a moving tale could be told by the historian who would under- take to describe the new migrations of 1918 several millions of people, aban- doning home, property, cverything dear and valuable under th> pressure of force or despair, have sought to escape the intolerable circumstances of daily life under an alien oppressor. Berlin, Vienna, Budaprst, together with border cities everywhere in Central Europe, are filled with such refugzes, whose emisfortunes recall those of the unfortunat:s who fled before the invading armies of the World War. But these are the refugees of full peace. .5 ‘What one sees here is not the exclu- Al- | ing What a chapter in human folly and | people resulting from the changes. Sinc= | sive inhumanity of one race as contrast- ed with others, but the limitless disaster for from the ::Dlmlon of ethnic nati condif but others were subjected to rm-lu:?l:i a3 unreasonable happy as before. Always, fortunate lot of subject ! majorif the. passion of fi persecution. Nevertheless, this festering sore of the mlnmwe:;lon is today the peace. The ever-increasing acoumu- Iation of tragedies in the lives of little people, the incalculable mass of miseries and stupidities are for many, many mil- lions of Europeans reducing to the grotesque all proposals for a United States of Europe, every pronouncement in favor of disarmament, every utter- ance of. noble abstractions like the Kel- logg pact.. Even the League of Nations itself has lost value in the eyes of peo- ples whose appeals for aid go consist- ently and necessarily ‘unheeded at Geneva, Lose Faith in Justice. ‘These millions of suffering people and their race brethren have lost faith in any conception of international justice, LT LR ), e Ingness fore] - les to do justice, in any mumwgt escape from their intolesable misery save that of force. They see their plight as the result of deliberate design, they conceive that the intention of other peoples is to condemn them to racial, | intellectual and moral extinction. All this ethnic phenomenon is indis- solubly linked with the economic. Even where frontiers have been drawn with faithful regard for racial c‘s:umstances they have turned eut economically and geographically patently fantastic. More- over, the effect of the passions excited by the ethnic circumstances interposes to make economic exchange or co-opera- tion impossible for political reasons. Hate resulting from existing wrongs or fears .awakened by the possibility of | treaty revision send peoples who are natural customers of each other out into the world to buy more dearly and sell less advantageously, while responsible ministers are afraid to make economic | bargains with unpopular neighbors lest home sentiment destroy them. Economic distress, thus provoked. ex- | 2cerbates minds darkened by ethnic persecution, the material decay incident to political boundaries is hastened by | moral effects of military oppression. Trade treaties in all the area of Central Europe wait upon the exorcism of this spirit, but steadily and progressively this | spirit intensifies. Thus not only the rivalries of great powers, but the con- flicting rights and wrongs of peoples large and small interpose a seemingly | impregnable wall between statesmen | and any rational solution of economic difficulties. REDS TAKE DISTRICT Battles Reported in Two Provinces | of China. HANKOW, China, (P).— Clashes between dissident Kwangsi Province forces sa-king to enter Hunan | Province and Nationalist government | troops were reported tonight in unveri- fied advices from Southern Hunan. Yangtze River steamers reported | heavy troop movements from upper river ports southward toward Changsha, cap- ital of Hunan. Reds in Hupel Province also were re- ported to have captured th> Hung Lake | district, 75 miles above Hankow, includ- | ing the town of Tashitao on the north | bank of the Yengtze, where they were | said to be ercting guns and menacimng | river shipping. | | June 6 Featuring . . . step- down living Cold Dry Air Is Good for Furs and ~ Garments You take no chances when you send furs, clothe ing, rugs, tapestries, cur- tains here. For over 35 years we have bees responsible for thousands of the rarest and most valuable furs and fabrics, We call for them, clean them, and guarantee their fe return. $2 for a coat for the Summer, and higher, sc- cording to value. Brecuritp Srorage 1140 FIFTEENTH ST A SAFE DEPOSITORY FOR40 YEARS C.AASPINWALL . PRESIDENT Store For Rent 915 G St. NW,, in the heart of Retail Shopping District. 20x80 ft., will remodel to suit. Rent, $250. Apply Mr. Gibson 917 G St. N.W. INSPECT TODAY 2 rooms, kitchen and bath, electrical refrigeration. Rental, $65 per Month The Argonne 16th and Columbia Rd. N.W. Telephone National 5000 For immediate delivery of The Star to your home every evening and Sunday morning. The Route Agent will collect ‘at the end of each month, at the rate of 1% cents per day and 5 cents Sunda nts e § Studio Apartme rooms in Westchester’'s New Addition Visualize foday these apartments of fomorrow. Imagine looking down on a spacious living room from a gallery with its graceful wrought-iron The new building comprises beautiful apartments, varying in size rail. Imagine the thrill of enjoying Westchester's latest contri perfection in apartment desirability. Think of the coolness and sunshine through Westchester’s many artistic windows exposures. The exclusive apartment of fomorrow awaits your approval. At Westchester you will find your next home . . . so different from any you have ever seen before. and the convenience of a Dining Room ution to . and consider the many it brings to your notice an architectural designing that is most unusual; it reflects in its atmosphere a refinement that is so sought after and so seldom found; it assures a new sense of comfort and a quiet restfulness. And yet . . . with all these advantages, so characteristic of private home enjoyment . Westchester is but ten minutes from downtown. Here at Westchester convenience as well as exclusiveness awaits the seeker of a higher and finer standard of habitat. Occupany Oct., 1931 Reservations Are Now BeingMade The Way to Westchester e ont Massa- Just two blocks o he lejt is Westches- ter. You may drive out Wisconsin Avenue o the avenues. same cross FOUR hundred distinctive suites from one room and bath to seven rooms and three baths; overlocking Wesley Heights and bordering on Glover Parkway—added to meet an in- sistent demand created by West- chester’s previous efforts.