Evening Star Newspaper, June 5, 1931, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY ..June 5, 1931 b R ARG A B RS THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor Xhe l:vmlu’lhr }.uwnl’- Company Rate by Carrler Within the City. 45c per month uhdass) g5y 80 per month “Buhiae) ... 05 per m:sé? e Bunday Blar o O per nd of cach onth. osahecton, Ta%em by imail ¢ \elephon NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. g.uy and Sunda: aily only .. inday only ane Event Gonen 5 5 ; 1 mo., 50¢ ;;,. $4.00: 1 mo., 40¢ States and Canada. fly an Y gfll s only IE Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled he use for republication of all news dis- T L S e Disliahed hereth - All Tiehts of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. = Unemployed Money. The $6,000,000,000 off:red for the new issue of $800,000,000 Government bonds at 33 per cent sets at rest the question, if 1t ever existed, of the belief and faith of the people and the Ameri- can banks in the financial stability of the Government of the United States. The huge offer of funds for these Gov- ernment bonds indicates, too, that there is a vast amount of money walting in this country for investment. Apparently money has joined the unemployed class: If some means could be found to give the money in the country employment, 1t follows that the workers now out of jobs would scon be employed. But money hesitates. It is hoarded by those who have it and fear to lose it. The psychological effect of the stock crash in 1929 still holds these potential in- wvestors in its grip. A little more cour- age, a willingness to branch out again in industry, would be the most effective aid to the unemployment situation. Until labor is again employed far more fully than it is today, it cannot buy. Unless the country is willing to con- cede that there is a permanent unem- ployment problem in the United States, and unless it is ready to have the Gov- ernment engage either in a huge con- struction program, so huge as to give employment literally to millions of workers, or to have the Government adopt & “dole” system, this hoarded money and its owners must take up the burden of industry again. The people must live. They must have work or charity. If the private in- dustries and employers of labor are not willing or in a position to provide this work or charity then the Government in the end will be forced to do it. To bave the Government undertake such relief and on such lines would be not only a blot upon the whole industrial structure of the country and upon American business men generally, but would be the worst thing that could happen to the unemployed and to the country as a whole. Admitting that by 1929 there had been a huge overproduction of all kinds of articles from automobiles to pins, and admitting that the American people had bought and bought until their capacity for buying had been ex- hausted and their credit extended be- yond all proper limits, the process of assimilation has been going on for near- ly two years. The time seems to be at hand when the demand for many arti- cles will again warrant large produc- tion. The wise manufacturer, the for- ward looking financier who recognizes the fact and seizes the opportunity will sccomplish not only personal wealth and advancement but also will achieve much for the general welfare of the oountry and for labor. Much has been sald recently about the concentration of wealth in this eountry in a few hands. Certainly it appears that great wealth, as repre- sented by huge amounts of money, is now lying idle, wealth that should be engaged in productive enterprises. In times of depression wealth must be prepared to take its losses along with the losses of labor. If there is not co- operation between the two, capital and Jabor, In the end capital will face a difficult if not a terrifying situation. —————— Lord Fairfax thought so highly of pipe smoking—indeed, he expressed to his young friend, George Washington, the wish that the latter would acquire the habit—that he announced an in- elination to set up at Greenway Court & monument to the unknown Indian who invented the instrument. What fees he could have collected from to- bacco growers and manufacturers had the old nobleman lived in these testi- monial times! —————————— “Texas” Guinan must feel somewhat ke the old Nantucket skipper who, out for three years without ever sighting a single whale, remarked, “Well, anyhow, we had a danged good saill” It is remarkable how soon the thrill In & “thrill slaying” gives way to chill. - Higher Fines. On the basis of the relative serlous- ness of such viclations, it may be proper to increase the fines or compel appear- ance in court for those motorists who run past red lights, park double in the congested area or are careless in the way they move out from the curb. But if the authorities are considering the impoeition of these heavier penal- tles in the hope and belief that such action will cut down the number of the violations, they are headed along the wrong track. It does not take a crime commission Investigation to reveal the motives of the motorist who runs past a red light. He does it either accidentally or be- cause the absence of any policeman strengthens his assurance that he can get away with it. A motorist who parks double in the downtown area does not do s because he feels that, If caught, he can afford to pay the five- dollar fine now imposed. He does.it be- cause he believes he will not get caught. Nor do the motorists who “interfere with moving traffic in drawing out from the curb” commit such an offense be- eause the fine is only five dollars, in- stead of the proposed ten dollars. Con- mnflufln—flfllflvm been tripled and he will have because even two not run past s stop signal. pretty well, under present that the odds against paying anything are in his favor. The ceaseless hunt for new penalties, higher penalties, coupled with the equally insistent hunt for methods that will cut down “court congestion” by increasing the difficulties already facing the motorist with a real complaint who demands the trial of somebody who ran into him and smashed a fender, is as tiresome as it is futile. If there is at present a disposition on the part of motorists to run past stop signals—and most people will agree that there is—the way to stop it is to arrest the offenders and impose the fines that the law now permits. 8o it is with other traffic violations. Nothing much will be accomplished by tripling the penalty and by mandatory appear- ance in Police Court, In a couple of years, anyway, somebody would recom- mend that in order to reduce court con- gestion, the light-skippers should be allowed to deposit collateral. If the traffic regulations are being flagrantly abused, the police might ex- periment with rigid enforcement for a few weeks. Did Wilson Want to Quit? Col. Edward M. House, who was the closest and most intimate friend of Woodrow Wilson during his presidential career, says in an interview printed in the Boston Post that on the night of the election in 1916 as he and the President sat together -in the White House study and saw the returns come in that clearly indicated the victory of the Republicans and the election of Hughes, President Wilson said to him: I am satisfied of my defeat and to- morrow or the next day I will resign as President of the United States and turn the office over to Mr. Hughes. Since he is the choice of the people and a situation of tremendous uncer- tainty is caused by the World War, it is only fair that he should take helm immediately. Gregory (then At- torney General) assures me that my 1. It is this: Ve President Matsnah will remove Lansing State) and appoint Hughes. Then hav- ing done this I will resign myself. ‘Which is most interesting indeed, as casting light upon the temperament of Mr. Wilson, but of no historical im- portance whatever in view of the early change in the election prospect and the eventual disclosure of the defeat of Mr. Hughes. Before the President had time to arrange for the resignation of the Vice President and the removal of the Secretary of State and the accept- ance of the latter office by Mr. Hughes the electoral vote of California was found to have been cast for the Demo- cratic candidate and the situation was reversed. It is not disclosed by Col. House whether any understanding had been had with Vice President Marshall to step aside to make room for the Hughes appointment. Perhaps President Wil- son took it for granted that a hint from him to his associate would cause relinquishment of the vice presidential office. With recollection of the hap- penings of a few years later, when an effort was made by highly influ- ential persons to substitute Mr. Mar- shall for Mr. Wilson in the White House when the latter was desperately il and was by some believed to be incapacitated for the discharge of his dutfes, it may be questioned whether the “second in command” would have been willingly a party to such a pro- gram. There is always a satisfaction in filling the role of President, even for a brief period, and Mr. Marshall might have felt that he was the one who should take the chair for the interval between election and inaugu- ration if it was vacated. As for the removal of the Secre- tary of State to create a vacancy for the appointment of Mr. Hughes, there is no question on the score of the President’s power to effect such & change. Indeed he later in effect re- moved Mr. Lansing from that office. But there arises the question of whether Mr. Hughes would have consented to agree to such an arrangement. In all likelihood he will never say what he would have done if Mr. Wilson had attempted to put through his project of retirement. So the whole matter becomes simply one of interesting speculation, and assuming that Col. House is correctly reported and has himself correctly repeated the words of Mr. Wilson, it remains as an illumi- nating side light on the temperament of the War President. American Mayor Porter even refused to inspect the vineyards and cellars of the Dijon district in France. But it is not unlikely the grapes will go on growing just as nicely. At that, he might have had the courtesy to go along and hold his hands over his eyes—and then peek through his fingers at the sinful sights. —_— ra———— Television may and, again, may not become common enough soon to give us all a glimpse of Gen. Pershing revising his war history as regards Germany's war guilt in compliance with the in- | sistent demands of certain Germans. JE S — A battery of grim rolled-up diplomas wiil soon be causing Old Man Depres- sloa to quail. | ————r———————— {No More “Carelessness” in Russia. | sSoviet Russia is bent upon making | men perfect, even at the cost of the severest punishment for failure to con- form to standard. An order has just been issued by the supreme court to the officials of all district courts throughout the union that henceforth “carelessness” will be considered a crime and that sll offenders must be tried under the criminal statutes, with the penalty of imprisonment or exile upon conviction. This means that any workman in a state factory who breaks or spoils any bit of work, or any farmer who causes a loss of material or the disablement of a machine may be sent to jail or to prison camp. Heretofore when offenders have been tried by the factory courts such offenders have usu- ally been acquitted on the’plea of “ac- cident,” whereas now it will not be necessary to prove the -intention of workers who have damaged machinery or have set fires, but only that they were careless. ‘The issuance of this edict suggests that there must have been a good deal been whole-heartedly co-operating in the intensive production program of the Soviet government. Reports to that ef- fect have been received frequently dur- ing recent months. Incompetence in the shops, it is stated, has, for example, resulted in the fallure of a large num- ber of the tractors that have been manu- factured under the “plan.” Whether the fault has been mechanicad inability or intentional damage or poor work- manship, this order now issued, making ‘The humming bird is missing from the garden this “carelessness” & crime, would seem 10| gqrd, have been designed to correct the fault. But the question is whether workmen in factories or on the farms can be made efficlent and careful by threat of | * penal reprisal. In fact, this dificulty which the court order is intended to correct lles close to the whole matter of Soviet control. Can men be made !uniformly efficient by law? Can the | traits of a race be changed by ukase? | Is 1t possible to “dictate” uniformity of conduct and skill? Communism such as that which|, forms the basis of the Russian organi- zation aims at the reduction of the in- dividual to a type, at the destruction of personality and the substitution of a human machine. In Russia the tyran- nical “dictatorship of the proletariat” seeks to flatten out every trait of char- acter that makes one person distinctive from others. Even the -educational processes attempt to make all minds work alike. But those very educational processes are operating to a contrary end, for as the people are taught to use their minds, however rigid the molds set at the beginning, they will develop their natural independence of thought, and the time will come, perhaps shortly, when the “moujik,” the Russian peasant and artisan, will seek freedom from such harsh rule. ‘The counter revolution sweeping away the Soviet organization may be post- poned by the imposition of more and more severe rules of conduct, with I prison or exile—which means virtual slavery—as penalty for disobedience or failure. But to expect such measures to establish permanent tyranny is to look for that which is humanly impos- sdle. ———— ‘The automobile which so often car- ried the, late Speaker Longworth and his crony-rival, Representative Garner— who, by the way, always referred to it as “our car’—has been sold for the offi- cial use of the Senate. If this economy wave keeps up, when the august upper body has got 50,000 or so more miles out of it, it may be promoted to the ‘White House. ——— e ‘There are a few old-fashioned farm- ers left. While many of them were reeling off sixty miles in their cars these recent bright moonlit nights, a Meyersdale, Pa., agriculturist hustled out and got sixty acres of land plowed. ‘That type usually furnishes its own relief. - Dr. Will Durant has produced a \fresh list of the ten greatest thinkers and ten greatest poets. No woman is included. However, it is known that nearly all of the thinkers had wives, while only about half of the poets did. There is a compliment for the female sex in this somewhere or other. o Cook County, Ill,, which includes friend Chicago, has defaulted both principal and interest payment on nearly $2,000,- 000 worth of bonds. She wants to be ® separate State in the Union. At this rate she is almost eligible to be a small European nation. — e King George V of England was 66 years of age on June 3. There are mighty few persons, except perhaps in Russia, who do not hope that some day these figures may be turned up- side down. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Castles. There's & building boom in Nowhere Land— It's the one that comes each year, ‘When the Spring is new And the skies grow blue And the south wind whispers cheer. ‘With Fancy as architect, we've planned (His charges are small but fair) Improvements great For each vast estate And our castles in the air. it's only a minute we need to see ‘The minarets and towers In beauty rise 'Neath our very eyes And these treasures all are ours. Your likes may be fickle and strange ‘and free, For easlly you repair The wreck that falls When the old charm palls In your castles in the air. ‘When the golden rivers of twilight start And the scarlet sun sinks low, It's & journey slight To that land of light ‘Where the maybe blossoms blow, And it's only the friend with the honest heart has followed through il and fair can be your guest As you dream and Test In your castle in the air. Getting Him Placed. “I read every word of your last speech.” “Every word of t?” inquired Senator Sorghum. “Every syllable.” “H'm. Are you & compositor or & proofreader?” Jud Tunkins says he guesses his boy is going to be a great scientist, because he's always learning things at school that he can't explain so's the folks at home will understand ’em. The World Loves a Fighter. They say that it is wrong to fight And what they say, no doubt, is right— But there is profit linked with fame In the old pugilistic game, Daylight Saving. “I wish mosquitoes could be train to work in the daytime instead of at night,” said Farmer Corntossel. “What difference would that make?” “Might help to keep Josh and the hired man awake durin’ the hours when wakefulness is really needed.” “Some men's idea of success,” sald ‘Uncle Eben, “is to make delr selves so versely, no motorist who runs psst a of sabotage in the shops and on the influential dat everybody has to put up 3ed 1 X 1s going to cease that practice collective farms on the part of the wmmduqum'u." a8 bird has a d lation and It is with birds as with dogs, mo doubt. ‘The bulldog fancier admits _the beauty of other bi but always finds his interest centering in the bulls. Something there is about the Eng- ish, the Bostons, the it terriers, which captivates his heart and mind. If you were to point out to him the superior qualities of some other dogs d be the first to agree with you, but his admissions would change in no way his love for the bulldogs. How a man ves at his fancy among dogs, horses, cats, birds, and maybe motor cars, is an inexplicable question. 1t is all very well to talk of “points” and to make & brave show of under- standing, the fact remains that the “why” of any love or fancy is a com- plete mystery. * X k¥ ‘The humming bird, to those who have come under its sway, is to be replaced by no other bird whatsoever. This vest-pocket-size bird is not as tame as the thrush, which seems to lack ordinary bird sense. The hummer will give his human friends plenty of leeway, unless the flowers he fancies are close to a habitation. he will dart down even to a window box, within touch, and proceed to balance himself in the air, held mo- tionless by the rapid motion of his Thn:'re 1s no other bird which is able to achieve this and it is one of the reasons why the humming bird’s many admirers put it on a plane all its own. ok ok X Other birds seem gross to you, once you fall in love with this one. Here is a mite of a thing, no bigger than a moth, yet a full-fledged bird in every respect, one with captivating ways, able to hold his own with the bigger fellows of the air and yet retain a certaln dainty quality which sets him apart, He has been called the jewel of the air, but that misses the mark. He is rather its poetry, its essence, reduced to the smallest visible portion. Aviators might well accept the hum- ming bird as an emblem, as maybe they have, for it is a fearless navigator of continents, thinking even less of the miles than one of our human birds of today. This bit of feathers, scarcely larger than a thumb, manages to travel thou- sands of miles each year in anpswer to one of the strangest calls in Nature. Surely there is nothing more mys- terious in life than bird migration. Why they do it is easy enough, but what makes them do it, snd how they do 1t, are distinctly other matters. Instinct is a word which explains precisely nothing: bird migration re- mains something which awaits solution, WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC When President Hoover tarries in ®hio. Indiana and Tilinols during the middle of the month he's destined to find the farmers of those regions in the best humor they've experienced for two years. It's the prospect of excellent 1931 crops, according to word reaching ‘Washington, that cheers them up. In both 1929 and 1930 drought played havoc with harvest hoxu. year Jupiter Pluvius, especially recently, has been .on the job and rained down his blessings plentifully throughout the Midwest agricultural belt. Of course, nobody knows what market conditions for farm produce are going to be. Good prices, rather than big crops, are what warm the bucolic heart, but the cer- tainty that farmers are going to have something to sell is & psychological fac- tor of favorable im ce. The President will hear much of this as he skims across the trans-Allegheny,coun- try, bound for the Harding Memorial dedication and coincident engagements in neighboring States. * Kk K ‘There was an interesting reunion, after the lapse of 35 years, in Washing- ton the other day, when Dr. Wu, Chi- nese Minister to the United States, re- ceived a visit from Col. Henry Breckin- inridge were fellow pupils at Force School in Washington. The envoy's father, the famous Wu Ting Fang, was imperial China’s Minister to this coun- try and Col. Breckinridge's father, the late Ma). Gen. Joseph Cabell Breckin- | ridge, was inspector general of the United States Army. The diplomat and the soldier-lawyer had a grand time checking up on Distriet of Colum- bla school days in the gay 90s. * k Xk X Capt. Joel T. Boone, U. 8. N., Presi- dent Hoover’s medical aide, has just been immortalized by his prep school alma mater, Mercersburg Academy, as its “most honored and decorated alumnus.” In the Alumni Annual, just published, Boone's portrait forms the lrond:folm accompanied by the above-mentioned bouquet. The picture is a copy of the canvas which adorns the assembly hall on the picturesque campus in the foot- hills of the Blue Ridge Mountains of Pennsylvania. Capt. Boone, who won the Congressional Medal at Chateau Thierry, is a member of the academy's board of regents and president of Alumni * Association. Mercersburg has Jjust decided to seek a $1,500,000 endow- ment fund for development of its build- ing program. Its traditions include the fact that Calvin Coolidge's sons, Herbert Hoover's nephew and Mrs. Warren G. Harding's grandson all attended Mer- cersburg. * * %k ¥ “Tom” Heflin, yellow vest, cream- colored linen suit 'n’ everything, turned up at the Capitol big as life for the recent Jefferson Davis statue dedicaticn, do'ng duty for Dixie, as of yore. At luncheon the Senate restaurant, many former colleagues of Alabama’s biggsst noise accorded the Pope's arch- foe a cordial welcome. Heflin has, by no means abandoned hope that the Nye subcommittee, headed by Senator Hast- ings, Republican, of Delaware, will yet see justice done and Senator Bankhead undone. Ever and anon Wi ashington hears that Hefin has been offered a lu- | be crative theatrical contract, which would call for a combination of lecture and One of the members of Presiden Holover's Mem'.l vofl&lm” day party in Phila- delphia an W. Amummt of the Pennsyl- vania and, until he resigned, G. O. P. national committeeman from Penn’s Woods. If Mr. Hoover talked depression with Atterbury, the soldier- executive might have imparted what the Pennsylvania Railroad is doing to Shomi T i s 2 men = ts and additions.” 1 and his chief assistants are named, re- if happily there ever is a solution to anything. * ok ok ok ‘The 1 whose garden is blessed with on:q.r“ytwo hy Le birds need not hother their fortunate heads about migration or any other matter. y can be thankful that the small creatures have singled them out of so many millions of people. It will not do to look into this too closely. ‘Those without humming birds will not readily agree that human beings have anything to do with it at all, and no_doubt they are correct. Chance, no doubt, plays the greatest part in the annual visits of humming birds. Pure fortune makes them drop down, after their long trip, into & certain yard. If they like what they find there, uu{ stay, and maybe they will come back another year. We do not know how long humming birds live, nor even whether they can come back another year, but each one is so like every other one of its varlety that the gardener has the happy idea that it is the same bird year after year. Even if chance plays the largest part in the visits of these poems of the air, there yet remains something for the gardener to do, and that is to provide them with flowers which they like. All plants bearing trumpet-shaped flowers are much liked by humming birds, es] y the blossoms be bright colored. At the head of the list must stand the gladiolus, not the least of whose charms is its great attraction for these miniature birds. Our researches among ornithological books and ncoks has not made clear to us just exactly what humming birds eat. Some authoritles continue to speak of ‘“‘nectar,” or the sweet sirup in some blossoms. Others insist that the hummers are carnivorous, and feed upon the minia- ture insects to be found in the bell- shaped flowers. The insects, of course, are eating nectar. And the humming birds eat the insects. This is the sys- tem that Nature, after creating living things, evolved to give food to the things created. It is as nice a bit of selfishness as any one could think up, but it is the method used, and human beings can do little but wonder at it. They cannot say much, after all. oo Almost any bell-shaped flower of | sufficient size will attract humming birds. There are several vines which bear trumpetlike blooms, and these do their share in luring the little birds to one's garden. Even petunias, with their smaller blossoms, not exactly bell-shaped, but | only somewhat so, attract humming birds. The feathered atoms may be seen at window boxes full of them, usually at dusk. The gloaming, by the way, is a favorite humming bird time, and they | may be found almost any evening, just | at dark, standing mctionless in the air in front of a flower. Their rapid darts across the garden are easily followed, owing to the scarcity of other birds at the time. The humming bird seems to put its head beneath its wing as late as pos- sible, flying around in search of food as long as there is the least bit of lignt. Thus he convicts himself of be- | ing somewhat greedy, a taste he shares with many other dainty creatures in, this curious world in which we all live | together for a time. WILLIAM WILE. Senator Frederick Hale, Republican, of Maine, who's just reached home after bear-hunting in_Alaska, bringing three cubs with him for the Washing- ton Zoo, is as handy with his fists as he is with a big-game rifie. Once upon a time the chairman of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee was an ama- teur lightweight boxing champion. He still ranks as the shiftiest man in the Senate with 8-ounce gloves and keeps in practice at the Senate gym. By an {amusing conincidence, the House naval cl an, another Fred—Britten of Illinois—also used to be an amateur pugilist. Hale and Britten wouldn't mind fighting it out with the pacifists any time undex; Que:nsgerry rules, * Central High School, Washington, D. C, has a distinctly political flavor, so far as its roster of principals is con- cerned. The principal is named Smith, spectively, Hoover and Coolidge. One of the current and most authoritative books on Russia now extant, “The Eco- nomic Life of Soviet Russia,” has as its author Calvin B. Hoover. Mr. Hoover is a young professor at Duke Univer- sity, rham, N. C. It's said that his namesake's volume has attracted the President’s lively interest. Prof. Hoo- ver, who was a private in Pershing's Army, spent the years 1927 and 1928 studying the s:vlit system. Secretary of Labor Doak has drafted | the statistical expert of the Dawes Rep- | arations Commission, Col. Leonard P. Ayres, Cleveland banker, for the special committee formed to study technolog- ical unemployment in the United States. Many folks credited Ayres with being one of the real brains behind the Dawes plan. He is a Connecticut Yankee and was chief statisticlan of the A. E. F. in France. LR T Senator Henry F. Ashurst, Democrat, of Arizona is back at the Capitol after & tour of his State's numerous Indian reservations. He visited every one of them, and also hobnobbed at a score of Indian villages. Arizona's redskin population is around 50,000, mostly Navajos. It's not as prosperous as the Osage Indian tribes in neighboring Oklahoma, which contains a sizable group of aboriginal' millionaires, who got that way out of oil gushers. Ari- zona’s Indians live on blankets and (Copyright, 1931) e Left-Handed Books. From the St. Louis Globe-mmocr:a . Many years ago teachers wasted or a least ..Ke:’n ‘much time in efforts to make left-handed youngsters right-handed, or at least in an effort to bend the twig suf- ficently to make left-handed pupils write right-handed. First results and then science proved that their efforts were wasted, or even worse; that in some cases harmful effects followed this in- terference with natural tendencies. So now if left-handed children do ot re- spond to certain undercover suggestions they are permitted to continue along the lines lald out by nature. Still we can’t leave them entirely alone, even blen :lhlfl: m':tumy. 'n;;y appear to read - Phded, but mow it is Suggested that they Porge was Gen. W. | be in | of ours For the Depression To the Editor of The Star: ‘The census ahn:‘l"ihn blm must T gToss mpe‘ net profit make an ave profit before it and that 15.6 per cent that profit is taken to pay rent. strange that we have ly none but the best succeed in any it. So long as lan tors are per- mitted by law to hold out of use the greater part of our best lands, thus causing extortionate prices of land, and land owners are permitted by law to hold out of use a large percentage of our improved lands by demands for ex- tortionate rents, we must have recurrent | J. industrial de?‘nnlon and unemploy- ment. For it is obvious that high price of land prevents a large part of our people from acquiring it for use, thus Shini Burchasing poer. and. et ¢x: B Wer, aj ex- tortionate rent m."&nn all the profit of about 20 per cent of our poorer busi- ness ple and forced them to quit, and taken such a large part of the B:omo!mmoxuaennthummy ve made no net profit at all and very many so little net profit that their pur- cl power has been greatly reduced, and that very few have normal profit left. And so it is with wage workers and farmers and professional people. The only remedy is a penalty on land held out of use. Can you tell the public why this as- pect of the case, which is certainly the most important aspect of all, is not now publicly discussed by any political economist, any statesman, any editor? Would they rather have the land specu- lators get their unearned profits and the landlords get the excess above mor- mal rent than have recurrent industrial depression and unemployment abolished? C. B. HEMINGWAY. Street Car Clangor Is Cause of Keen Distress To the Editor of The Star: Please accept my congratulations on your splendid and timely editorial en- titled “Washington’s Needless Noises.” I was especially interested in your remarks regarding the terrific, nerve- destroying noise of street cars. I live within one-half block of the Georgla avenue street car line and can appre- clate the nerve-wrecking noise of the street cars especially. ‘We have been all too slow in realiz- ing that it is these nolses which are making nervous and mental ills in- crease. It seems that in this day of great inventions there should be a way of making silent street cars. I hope your editorial may be a start in a drastic clmgn\z‘n to eliminate these noises and thereby improve the heelth of our people. J. F. BRADY. PEPR M s Cleveland Opens War On Concealed Weapons From the Portland Oregon Journal. ‘The people of Cleveland, Ohio, are getting tired of crime, They are be- ginning & drive to rid their city of criminals. Possession of a pistol, carried either on the person or in an automobile, is the line aleng which the new attack is to be directed. The prosecuting attorney’s office in- sists that any person carrying a con- cealed weapon is a potential murderer. It is on that basis that the authorities | &% have set out to rid the city of gangsters and gangland. All armed persons are to be given prison sentences, particu- larly those caught in criminal acts. An aroused Cleveland is a good omen. The spectacle of the city's striking back at gangland increases faith in the American people. The perpetuity of the Republic and of self-government depends on whether or not the country presently puts the Capones where they belong. The freedom with which the Capone kind have been allowed to carry on in Chicago and some other American cities bas been a discouraging phase of na- tional life. . It has led many to wonder as to what is to be next and what the future is to be. Cleveland's attitude toward the loaded revolver is one practical way to strike back at the murderous gangs. Pistols are made for the sole purpose of provid- ing a handy method by which one human being can kill another. A lot of very good people regard the pistol as & weapon of defense. But not once in a hundred times is it a defense against the gangster, for he rlways takes care :gmhnve the drop on his intended vic- The familiar old adage that “a pistol makes all men the same size” is bunk. It is utterly fallacious. The pistol makes the gangster a bigger man than his victim. Sam Prescott, the Ashland policeman, was armed as he attempted to arrest Kingsley. But Kingsley not only killed Sam Prescott, shooting him even after he was down, but he is to have a new trial after being found guilty and sen- tenced. Industry’s Job. Prom the Cincinnati Enquirer. Unemployment insurance, old-age pensicns, benefits of this, that and the other kind have been chewed over this year in the Legislatures of nearly all the Btates, The Governors of the Eastern industrial States met to discuss the problem of unemployment insurance, and in Ohio the General Assembly has | is resolved to form a committee to study that problem. Nationally, the Congress fumbled tentatively with forms of drought relief that were different only in name from Britain's disastrous dole, Prom everywhere, during this period of depression, the cry has come for Gov- ernment pap to sustain the people. Unfortunately, as declared by C. L. Parry to National Metal Trades Secre- taries in Cincinnati, unless industry awakens to a threatening possibility and organizes itself to solve the problems of unemployment, of old-age depend- ency, the job will be done by the poli- ticlans. And it will be done politically, with the shedding of oratorical .tears and the corner of an eye on the votes. Senator Watson declared that no L&en- sion bill ever failed to pass the National Congress; if the Federal Government, or smaller units, go into the wholesale pension business the result may be fore- seen. Industry can forestall this undesirable development of paternalism, which al- ready is bad enough. Industry can make sure that these various forms of relief, which the current business crisis has made inevitable, are built up and ad- ministered by people who know the needs of industry and not by State and National spellbinders, professional job- holders and costly bureaus. American industry has a stewardship that it must fulfill. If it fails to do so in the next few years the cry for gov- ernmental aid to all and sundry will overcome the resistance of good sense, and we may repeat on a larger scale the industrial bankruptcy of other nations that have become too free with the money of their working subjecis. P‘X:lrgux%’hl {lfldm fflwd Lli;e:hm Mr. when he ey mi 00se & relief system m by themselves and efficiently administered, or they will have forced upon them a State pater- palism that is “simply & subsidy for in- Gangster Material. From the Kalamazoo Gagette. One of the needs of the times is to convert a lot of these underworld gangs into chain gangs. Might Spare ’Em AllL Prom the Topeka Dally Capital. King of Siam tells the reporters &hz‘lh‘there are no white elephants in his country. We might spare him some in this country. —_————————— Practice “Swings?” ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS l’l’ it rd times? Sure- could Menno will the BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN. to the inheritance laws of the individual’s State. Q. What is the derivation of the name Mennonite?—A. E. 8. A. This evangelical Protestant de- nomination took its name from one Simons, who was the leader of sect in Holland. Q. How do wages compare with the ‘wage level 10 years ago and before the ic | World War?—A. L. D. director, Washin How tall is Cary Cooper?—M. B. 2 He is 6 feet Zr/g' inches tall. Q. How many cigars and cigarettes may a person take into Canada, duty A. Forty cigars or less and 100 cigarettes or less in open package may be taken in for personal use. Q. When does the bicycle race around France begin?—B, A. L. A, This 3,000.mile contest begins late in June and takes 29 days. About 200 competitors are expected to enter this year, Q. When was bread first called the staff of life?—G. H. A. The expression is found in the 104th Psalm. l Q. xlhlo‘- composed the air for “Taps”? —N. A, "It was composed by Gen. Daniel Butterfield. One day in July of 1862, when the Army of the Potomac was in camp at Harrison’s Landing on the James River, Virginia, Gen. Butter- field summoned his bugler and after whistling some new tune asked the bugler to sound it for him. This was done, not quite to his satisfaction at first, but after repeated trials, changing the time of some of the notes which were scribbled on the back of an envelope, the call was finally arranged to suit the general. He then ordered that it should be substituted in his brigade for the regulation “Taps” (“Ex- tinguish lights”), which was printed in the Tactics and used by the whole Army. ‘This was done for the first time that night. Some time later permission was given to substitute it throughout the Army of the Potomac for the time- honored call which came down from West Point. In the Western Armies the regulation call was used until the Au- tumn of 1863. One of Gen. Butterfield's reasons for changing the call was that he considered the old “Extinguish lights!” non-musical and not suggestive of rest and sleep. Q. How large are the petrified forests of Arizona?—C. P. A. They extend over an area of more than 100 square miles. About 40 square miles of this regicn has been set aside by the Gpvernment as a national mon- ument. Q. How does a man manage to get a | parachute open before he leaves an air- | | plane?—H. E. M. A. He can stand on the lower wing of | & plane, holding on to the struts. The parachute may then be opened and the velocity of the wind will carry the man Og backward. This is called a “pull- o Q. If the beneficiary of a life insur-| ance policy dies before the person who insured, who gets the money?—H. S A. If an alternate beneficlary was not A. Taking the pre-war year 1914 as representing a basis of 100, wages 10 years ago were 180.6 per cent of that figure and this year are approximately 246.2 per cent of that figure. The wage scale, thercfore, is nearly two and a half times what it was before the World ‘War. Because of unemployment, how- ever, actual earnings are only 213 per cent above pre-war. Q. Do foreign vessels carry most of our cargoes abroad?—N. D. A. For the fiscal year 1930 104,670,487 tons of cargo was carried to and from our ports. About 40 per cent was car- ried in American bottoms. Q. What is the oldest clock company in the United States?>—H. A. A. The Seth Thomas Clock Co. be- gan business in 1813 and is still in ex- istence. It is probably the oldest in this country, Q. What is the origin of the standard rallroad gage of 4 feet 815 inches and is it universally employed>—N. B. A. Stephenson, inventor of the steam locomotive, is sald to have adopted the gage of his engine from that of his farm wagon wheels. Horse-drawn wheeled vehicles had been of approxi- mately that gage since the days of Ro- man charfots. Various gages, ranging from 3 feet in the East to 5 feet in California, were employed in the United States for 50 years, but now all save industrial short lines are 4 feet 81% Inches. This is standard over most of the world, but India has a gage of 5 feet, Russia 5' feet and Japan 3 feet. Q. Are there more blind people in the United States than thers are deaf mutes?—R. T. A. Figures for 1930 for comparison are not yet available, but it is probable that there are more blind. In 1920 the blind population was 52,567 and deaf mutes 44,885. Q. What kind of prints were the Cur- rier and Ives?—W. B. A. They were chromo-lithography. Q. What is a palimino horse?—M. E. A. The word is used to describe a spe- cial shade of buckskin horse. It is & Spanish term meaning cream color. Q. When, was the Air Forest Patrol established in the United States?—J. A. A. It was established in 1920, Q. With what play did Maude Adams play “’Op o' Me Thumb”?—D. E. 8. A. With “The Little Minister,” in | 1905, Q. I know of a clever device that has | never been patented. Can I take out a patent on it>—C. B. A. It is impossible to obtain a patent on anything that has been in public use for two years. Q. When was Georgetown, District of Columbia, included in the City of ‘Washington?—A. D. A. Washington was made co-extensive named on the insurance policy the pro- ceeds of the policy would ba pa.kf to the estate of the individual insured, ac- |11, 1895. Since that time, has been part, of the city. with the District of Columbia, February Georgetown Public interest has been aroused by the dismissal from the faculty of Ohio State University of Prof. Herbert A. Miller of the Department of Sociology. At first viewed as the outgrowth of | controversy over compulsory military training, the incident is now connected with addresses made abroad, larly in India, and varying opinions are | registered, reviving the ti itional dis- | %ute as k':‘o academic freedom versus pub- | c Y. “One of the charges against him, states the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail, “is that when in India he advo- cated resistance to British rule. Im- | agine how we should like it if a pro fessor of Oxford or Cambridge went to the Philippines and advocated insur- rection the authority of the United States. Finally, the Ohio pro- fessor was notified a year ago that he would not be retained and was given | 12 months’ opportunity in which to se- cure lname'l;rzltlon. A professor has the undoubted right of thinking' as he pleases, but the authorities of an insti- tution of learning have also the right to determine in what manner the in- stitution shall be conducted.” “Apparently the trustess and Prof. Miller never have hit it off smoothly, remarks the Columbus Ohio State Jour- nal. “The former were slow in acting upon th: question of his dismissal and | only voted it afier they were convinced | that it would be better for all con- cerned if his resignation were de- manded. Prof. Miller, as he said in his own defense, follows & line of work that highly controversial. Expressions of opinion upon race questions easily bump into prejudices. He is entitled to at- tempt to remove such prejudices if it is possible. Nevertheless, if in attempting to do so he succeeds only in intensify- ing the prejudices against both him fi“;:t l&sfislfije«:m&—-fl' nd '.hex‘?i is evidence what_occurred, ju the complaints fro; e trustees—i rticu- m parents to the it is the duty of the univer- sity to replace him.” y * ok k% “The public, which supports the uni- versity,” in the opinion of the Cleveland News, “is as interested in the quality of men selected to teach in the State school as it is in the issue raised in the Miller case.” That paper holds | that the position of the university, as indicated by a public announcement, is that it is “disciplining an instruc- tor for unwise statements made in for- elgn countries,” and contends that “the reasons seem flimsy,” adding that ‘where the governments of Great Brit- ain and Japan seem not to have been disturbed over the observations of the sociol the school which employs him chooses, more than a year after the latest offense, to discipline him for what the board considers an affront to these governments.” News con- cludes: “The guardianship which the university exercises over its professors en tour indicates keen concern for the prestige of the State School Board. All the more surprising, therefore, i5_the act of keeping on the faculty for more than & year a man whom the trustees Mcmmm:d 80 dangerous as Sociologist er.” Observing that the American Asso- ciation of maintained University Professors “has tial lnvesfl(lh tion of such all ry for an impar- in- take that be a relief to doubtedly and feels the of the State if an unpreju- finds that there Iversity statement “far- ngstown Vindicator says as to the effect of the university action: “Under the circumstances it would appear that President Rightmire and his trustees do not do themselves justice in merely setting up a smoke screen and ref to give the real reason for Prof. 's dismissal. They may be right in letting they & mistak him out, but are e in the way they are going about it. The demand mndly'“lot freedom zol mun ‘m: colleges 30 insistent pu themselves in an impossible ition 1t A to public of a harmless ay more than Ohio State Faculty Battle Seen as Dipl omatic Incident “An exhibition of academic littleness® is seen by the Cleveland Plain Dealer, while the Springfield (Mass.) Repub- lican suggests “the peculiar difficulty of maintaining the principle of academic freedom in an institution controlled by & State Legislature.” The Memphis | Commercial Appeal, referring to the of- ficial statements on the effect of tacks on university policies” and the in- fluence “of writers who see little good in our present-day civilization,” con- cludes: “This brings up the question —why have colleges and universities 1f the students are to be really educated outside of them and by persons other than their teachers? Why not just teach the young boys and girls to read and let them educate themselves?” Protests from more than 50 members of the faculty against this action of the trust are recalled by the Akron Beacon Journal, with the comment: ;’I'he :hon“ovteersybi; pen the system which a board of trustees usurps the right to reduce the teaching staff to the plane of ‘yes men,’ who shall teach only what they are told, and have no opinions and do no re- search upon their own account. The millions of taxpayers whose funds sup- port the school may make their own inquiry whether they want it to be a sort of intellectual foundry, run strictly upon specifications laid down by fos- silized supervision, or a university that will reflect the true mental stature of Ohio, and its ardent sympathy for free- du‘m and progress in instruction.” ‘If Prof. Miller has been doing any- thing as subversive as to encourage the undergraduates to think and to speak, let's steel ourselves for the worst and join the grand chorus, ‘Away with him!'” advises the Baltimore Sun. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Teviewing !.Ihz restrictions imposed, declares: ‘Such is educational policy at Ohio State. It will not be long until its consequences are felt. Eminent and able teachers will leave the university at their first opportunity. Capable men Will refuse to take their places, Col- lege teac) will, in time, be left in the hands of academic runts and culls. The citizens of Ohio, who support the State University with their taxes, will shortly find that their money is buying inferior instruction. The university has already lost its good name. Unless the mp.}; o;fl())hir; take speedy and effective er losses, even e even more serious, Artificial Hardship. From the Atlanta Journal, In a most sensible analysis of the problem of motherhood in this complex time, Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt sug- gests that’ parents seek to reproduce artificially the character-creating at- mosphere which an earlier civilizas contributed toward the rearing of :gg and women of resource and integrity. She had in mind, of course, the exi- gencies of periods of American history when children had to bear their share of the family burden, had to walk many miles through all sorts of weather to get to a “Little Red Schoolhouse,” and had to do many things which the pam- pered scions of today never think of, except with a retrospective shudder. ‘As parents,” says the wife of New York’s distinguished Governor in an article in the Parents’ Magazine, “we must realize that modern life tends to make us soft, and we must let our chil- dren meet their own problems and gain experience for themselves. It may seem hard, but what a sense of satis- faction there is when one feels sure of the ability in one’s self to meet a diffi- culty!” Mrs. Roosev:lt recognizes the difficulty of creating artificially a situ- ation which will provid:> an incentive for struggle in juveniles. There can be no general formula. Parents must de- vise ways t2 mest the individual needs of their children, but 1t is patently true that youngsters nced something to stimulate their interest and industry, a stone on which to sharpen their latent powers, Mrs. Roosevelt wisely warns against 8 bored child, who not only is of no ’l:umtn hlmlelf‘ m;“l’\l:: 1amily, buf;nw‘nn danger of attempting harmful di- versions simply because there is no nor- nl:h outlet for his spirit of creative