Evening Star Newspaper, May 26, 1931, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR] ‘With Sunday Morning Editlon. WASBHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.........May 26, 1831 Editor | THEODORE W. NOYES. .. | The Evening Star Newspaper Company | Fivania A icago Loke Michitan Buildine ce: Lnk n 6 ropean Office: 14 Regent M. Londoa, nelan Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenine ster 45c per month | ening sand Sunday Siar { (when 4 Sun: i #0c per month | The Evening nday ‘Sar { (when 5 Sundn £ n nday Ster o jection made at the end 'of each month. | Gidors mag he sent in by mail or telephons | Ational 5000, 63 per mo e " Sc per con Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Bl iy inday only and Sun All Other States and Canada. Py ¥r iz and Sunday.. Bty ... 0 inday onty 11171 ¢ Member of the Assoclated Press. e Associnted Prec 15 exc s 3 mo. -1 mo- 4o | o 1l in thi shed herein r 21 aispatches here. ited publ! spec: Eligibility to Citizenship. By another five-to-four decision, the | United States Supreme Court has defi- | nitely settled the question whether a alien who reserves to himself the to decide whether he is willing actually to take up arms in its defense may be- come a citizen of the United States. The answer is—No. The closeness of the decision, the | division of the justices themselves, the | fact that the case was brought by the | Government on appeal from a contrary | decision by a United States Circuit Court of Appeals, as well as the nature | of the question itself, indicate the wide divergence of public and judicial opin- fon upon a matter that transcends the ! mere interpretation of the statutes and that cannot be described as drawing a cut-and-dried line beiween what ls| called patriotism and the lack of it.| One may read the majority and the diaseriting opinions without finding in either a thought that is repugnant to the highest ideals of citizenship and love of country. And if one seeks to read the faintest tant of pink radical- ism into the opinion of the minority, one must include Chief Justice Hughes among the tainted, which is & hard| thing to do. The majority of the court has decided and its decision will be respected and obeyed. Until and if Congress decides to substitute for hypothetical questions some more specific requirement for eli- gibility, the alien who refuses to give & categorical answer in the affirmative to & categorical question concerning will- ingness to take up arms in defense of the land shall be barred from citizenship. | The number thus excluded will be in- finitely small. The person who refuses | to answer “Yes” will be counted as one among millions. For the most part the rejected will include such perscns as Dr. Douglas C. MacIntosh, professor of theology in the School of Divinity at Yale, arid Miss Merie Bland, a nurse. Both of these saw volunteer service in the war, one as a chaplain, the other as 8 war nurse. Both know s great deal more about war than the majority of men and women, and their intimate knowledge may have contributed to the formation of an intellectual conception of allegiance which, in the opinion of the majority of the court, prohibits them from citisenship in America. The body of aliens who become citizens will | be neither the better nor the worse for | the court’s decision, 30 small is the! number affected. ‘The decision does bring to the fore, ! however, another question of more than | passing importance. It is raised in that ' portion of Chief Justice Hughes' dissent | wherein he develops the fact that the! Tequirement of an oath to bear arms| repres:nts an implication, as inter- | preted by the courts and the natural- ization authorities, as to the meaning of the oath prescribed by Congress. Such a promise has not been exacted | by the Congress. nor has it always been required by the naturalization author- ities. If Congress had that interpreta- | tion in mind when it drew up the standards for citizenship and required; that applicants should swear to “support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all enemies” it would doubtless have so specified. The omission of sny such| specification is, to Chief Justics Hughes, | significant As interpreted by the court, admis- slon to citizenship depends upon will- ingness to answer “Yes” to a hypo-! thetical question. A woman answering the question in the afirmative can at-| tach no perticular significance to it. for {vances have not kept pace with other llumin both the interior and the exterior of the bullding and that he was to put “shadon" lights outside the jall to throw the silhouettes of pos- sible prowlers aguinst neighboring buildings. There ate those outalde who want to get Diamond and his men out of jail to prevent their punishment at the hands of the law. Then there are those who wan! to get them out tn or- der to administer gang law, to put them “on the spot.” Report has it that the gangsters are perfectly con- tent to stay in jail for the present, for they hive more faith in the protective powers of the law than fear of its puni- tive effect. What is really hoped at Catskiil Is that regzrd’ess of what hap- pens 0 the Dinmond gang now held. members of the ‘relief committee,” whether friendly or hostile to the Dia- monds, can be caught when they make their expezted rald. Which is cer- talnly a peculiar state of things for a country that is at peace with tie world. — PO, The War for Health, While important victeries have un- | qustionabiy been won in the warfare agalnst disense, medico-scientific ad- | of science, waich have virtus remade the world in which we | Humanity is still besst by flls| and diseases which belong to the Middle | Ages and should have been conquered | long before this. Influenza and pneu- monia are just as fatal today as they were centurles ago, the eommon cold which causes more deaths and economic waste than any other malady still baffles all attempt to discover its nature, origin and cure, and countless other allments that menace human health re- main unsolved mysteries. The last| half century has surrounded us with results of inventive genius that seem to have canceled the word impossible, yet the quest for the relief of human suffering has lagged far behind. It remained for the United States, which has led all nations in sclentific advancements, to open the way for a new era of world-wide rescarch in the feld of medicine and public health. Through the passage by Congress of the | Ransdell bill one year ago today, and the creation of the National Institute of Health in Washington, the whole world of science will be united for the first time in the greatest effort ever made to ascertain the physical forces detrimental to health and to conquer disease. In this institution, devoted solely to study, investigation and research in problems relating to the health of man, every available facility will be provided to ald and encourage scientlsts to fathom the causes of illness and phys! cal suffering. and all medical knowl- edge and every advance in the promo- tion of human health will be pooled and correlated. Science will focus its attention directly upon matters of life and death, and there is no way of fore- telling what the eventual benefits to humanity will be. Former Benator Joseph E. Ransdell of Louisiana, author of the bill and executive director of the recently cre- ated conference board of the National Institute of Health, when emphasizing the need of greater research in medi- cine, said: Our lagging in the matter of medical Tesearch has not been the result of the inefficient mentality of our scientists, but, on the contrary, the lack of facili- ties and the discouraging insufficiency of funds to stimulate recruits in science. At the new medical research center experts in all branches of medical sci- ence will conduct planned researches in & chemico-medical laboratory, and, through a system of fellowships, scien- tists will be assigned to definite prob- lems in endowed institutions in this and other countries. Funds will be provided by Pederal appropriation and by private donations which the institu- tion has been authorized to accept for the furtherance of its work in the same manner as donations are received for the Smithsonian Institution and the | Library of Congress. ‘The work of the National Institute of Health is to be conaucted under the direction of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service and the past year has seen considerable progress made in its organizstion. The Hygientc Laboratory has been turned over to and made part of the new institution, and plans are being made to use adjacent lands for the construction of additional bufldings. Donations are being recelved. The first, & gift of $100,000 for the founding of one or more fellowships, was from Dr. Francis P. Garvan of the | Chemice]l Foundation and was quickly followed by others. Thus the American Government hasc issued a formal declaration of war 2gainst the enemles of health and fur- nished science with a new and power- | ful weapon of attack. Washington will she could not bear arms if she wished A man past the draft age is in the same position. Congress should decide whether admission to citizenship shall be determined upon an examination of character and the life history of the applicant, or whether it is to depend upon a “Yes” or “No” answer that no! one can give with absolute truth, and which as,a practical matter connotes nothing of actual importance or con- sequence no matter how answered - A movement is on foot in Vienna to establish a seccnd Monte Carlo high in the Austrian Alps. But vhat wouid they do about the aquarium that makes the Mediterranean resort respectable? The Catskill War Measures. Although the United States is pro- foundly at peace with all other na- tions it has some spots of war within its own territories. One of these is up in the Catskills, in New York State A strange cond!iion prevails there, with the Btate erccting sirong points of de- fense. Por the protection of the hon- est, Jaw-abiding citizers? No, for the protection of a bunch of crooks, to safe- guard them from other crooie. Here is the story told in a dispaich from Cats- kil N. Y. Greene County today ook steps o tighten the guard around members of the Diamond gang the State h:s placed in this county. With three of the gangsters in ceils and the chief him- self, Jack iLegs) Diamond. expected to join them from his hoepital bed on ‘Thureday, the county has gmented the guard and brightened 18 flood~ lights. Sheriff Harold I Every saild he had obtained four Staie ticopers, two for the day and two fcr the night. to sist his men In kecping a vatehful e on the jail and its gang~tz: population. A battery of floodlights v#< insialled a fortnight ago. The he u:‘ placing become the most important medical | center in the world. 1In this eity will | be started new researches in cancer on {8 greater scale than ever before at- tempted: new invest'gations into the |cause and cure of infantile paralysis and heart disease; new studies of in- fluenza, pneumonia, the common eold and numerous other widespread mala- | dies to which all are heir. Here will be found new and better methods of cure and treatment. new and greater safe- guards of health. And here may be | made new discoveries to alter the whole | course of medical hisiory and work un- told benfits upon countiess millions of suffering human beings is made that few visitors g the Statue of Blame is placed on deprescion. Possibly, however, it may be higher and more alluring man-m:de excrescences, never B e New Taxes. relurning prosperity makes more speed, Increastd Pederal tazation 1s tnetitable, because of the high stand- ard of Gevernment expenze to which Congress, notwiihstanding ali kinds of warnings. coniinues to add. Secretary Melion, vithout formally recommenaing that Congress revise the present tax system, has pointedly called attention |to the need of a change. He has gone | further and warned that borrowng, 'which the Government can do at lo | Tites today, is to be considerc |2 temporary expcient. So far the b of the Treacur; has made no specif oss | has | earning and spending less, there is a las the be:t means of providing the Liberty | the | only & that he will propose & lowering of the |sons may be brought within the tax- | paving class. It is obvious that any such suggestion will be resisted strong- {1v. Already Senator Borah of Idaho and other members of Congress have criticized plans to lower the exemptions. The Gcvernment bas come more and | more to lean upon the income tax for its revenue. Customs duties and cer- tain internal revenus taxes, like those on tobacco, continue to bring in their measure of return. But the great bulk of the revenue comes from the taxes on individual and corporation incomes, and it seems to be the fairest kind of tax. | It is true that when fncomes fall off, | the revenue from the income tax neces- falls off, too. But in times of stress and depression, with the people ction in all forms of tax returns. ‘When this country entered the World War it became essential immediately to Increase enormously the revenue of the Government to conduct the war. Congress seiz»d upon the income tax revenue, and rates were increared. Although in time of peace, the coun- try today faces a financial emergency. It there is to be revision of the in- come tax so as to bring in more rev- enue, the fairest thing scems to be to make changes all along the line, with increased surtax rates to take more revenue from the wealthier portion of the pecple and with a lowering of the exemptions so as to bring the tax to a larger number of the people. The exemptiors today are $3,500 for a mar- ried man or the head of a family, with an additional $400 for each child or dependent person, and s $1,500 ex- emption for singie perscns. The Democrats sre criticizing the present administration for letting the Government get into its present posi- tion, with a deficit of nearly a billlon dollars in prospect. But no louder criticism was heard than that emanat- ing from Democratic throats when Pres- ident Hcover and Secretary Mellon wirned the Congiess that it must go slow In making appropriations. And the Democrats almost to a man sup- ported the soldiers’ bonus loan bill which Was slammed through the last Congress cver the President's veto, al- | adding another billion dollars to thej money which the Government must find to finance itself. It is time that the Congress woke up to the fact that the Government is in no position to go ahead with more and more costly new projects. Yet there is a clamor today from so-called progressive sources for special session of the new Congress to add still further to the rising tide of Government expenses, ———— Priends in the United States have pre- sented McGill University with a foun- tain as a token of good-will. A beauti- ful fountain would doubtiess be an orna- ment to any American college campus, but one that would lend itself much too easily to the allegedly humorous ideas of adolescent youth. There is absolutely no | limit to what a bunch of really brainy sophomores could do with a handsome and spacious fountain, e A Worcester, Mass., man who is one hundred years of age, and who claims to be the oldest living active typist and bookkeeper, has just ended a lazy vacaticn in Florida. If he were any sort of an ambitious young fellow, he would have seized that leisure period o take a course in stenography. —eme—s The first year our Government was organized the per capiia cost to the citizens was about twenty cents. To- day it is $38. Of course, the Govern- ment 1s better, but there must be a commission or two involved somewhere in such a marked increase. r—oe—st The Chinese government has estab- lished a oensorthip. Imagine employ- ing that incredibly complicated langusge to concoct & ecode message. Then also contemplate the work incidental to its solution. N SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOWNSO'!. The Fly. Here he comes! Stlent and insidious: Gentle, yet perfidious, No sound of drums Hails his appearance. Grimly gay, Graceiul yet pestiferous, Joyously germiferous; Nothing can stay His interference, ear him buzz! In his course ethereal, Cleverly aerial, Strange feats he does, * Sprite inauspicious! By and by. If you let him propagate, All the house he’ll devastate. Get that fly Blandly pernicious! Selt-Sympathetic. “I suppose you are what they call a | political boss.” : “I suppose 50, Teplied Senator Sor- | ghum, weerily. “As I understand the term, a poiitical boss is & man who has 10 do ‘he hard woik, the hard thinking and take all the blame for anything | that goes wrong.” id Tunkins says “tte great trouble | a man who isn't & regular business man is that when he tries to be busi- I nesslike he generally overdoes it.” The Grand Cherus. A thousand birds all singing Tunes that sound so swee | A thousand frogs all bringing | Songs to swell the early glee. A thowsand breezes blowing Through the leaves with soft refrain, ! Where sunieams soitly glowing Call the blossoms forth again. A thouzand insects chiming With a sicady note and clear. And ten thousand pos.s rhyming To inform us that Spring is here. An Evelution. Vomen aie never pugilists.” exaclly,” replied Miss L I know one who rald! ,nd was a prize. If he was, | 2 fighter. and free! with its high exerptior ass tax.” fal has become g upon & very lm- 2y 825 P p s don't cost, nuffin’, a4 Uncle Eben. “But de walter dat sheriff said today ited number of the people. This state- understan’s his business ‘bout persuadin’ more floodlights to ment has beqn Interpreted as' meaning tips knows bettes.” \{ ) fornla, at which THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. The locust blossoms were drifting down like snow. Who ever saw so many locust flowers as this Spring? Surely they never amelled sweeter. Last year the inconspicuous but fragrant blooms of the locust trees were negligible, but this season it has been quite different. Every tree has been loaded with blos- soms, honeylike oder over the neighborhcod, until the bees came by their thousands | to enjoy the feast. * ok w ¥ ‘There is & fine tree whose branches surround the corner of the house. Sitting at the window, an obeerver is right in the tree, for all practical purposes. It is interesting to watch the bees, s they flash from raceme to raceme, ll‘u;'x on the search for honey ma- terial. Such a buzzing from this tree, bu the yard! The bees were enjcying them. selves. A humsn being could not help thinking .thet if the nectar of the flowers tasted s good es it smelled, the bees were to be congratulated on their sactivities. ok ox % The locust tree probably got its neme from locust. the insect, but as far as we can discover there is no record that this insect has any pe- culiar connection with the tree appar- ently named after it Some authorities claim the locust to be an American tree; otheis say its. pods are the husks referred to in the Parable of the Prodigal Son. So take your choice. The common locust goes by the high-sounding name of Robinia pseudacacia. papllionaceous flowers. as one author- ity puts it. But evidently those who write about this tree:are not afraid of large words. One says its seed pod is “compressed, coften curved, indehis- cent and coriaceous.” Even Webster greflne.s it as “an American fabaceous ee.” Here is something interesting about the black locust: Its wood is declared to be the best for policemen’s “billies,” not only bacause it is heavy and tough, but more because of its resonance, giv- irg forth a ringing noise when tapped on a pavement. But surely this aspect of the policeman's club is not so im- portant today. with radio transmitting apparatus sending out calls to officers in automobiles. 3 arose, not only from ' others in * * o ¥ ‘The rapld growih of the locust has though it was clear to all that it meant | made it a favorite with many, but like | get into a most fast-growing trees it has its poor points, s0 that today there is a perceptible ‘drop in its stock among homeowners. the locust is a good tree, after all, and no one shall catch any of its friends sne:ring at it. It is true it is & bit dirty, with its flowers and ita seeds, its m‘l its long strings in the Autumn, fallen leaves and its tendency to lose branches. Its tall growth, with a straight shaft 1of trunk many feet high befors the | the growir leaves begin, is peculiarly pleasing to many an eye. While perhaps every one would admit the oak to be & far better and & much handsomer tree, the length of time it takes an oak to become a real tree is. very much against it. Few persons possess the vision, or whatever one chooses to call it, which | permits them to plant for future gen- erations. Those who want trees want th:m now, or as close to now as it is possible to secure them. This is why | the Norway maple, the Normany pop- }lrn lndl the the new Chinese elm en- oy & large measure of popularit; Good specimens of the Chinese elm will and these have diffused their | grow 1o real trees within six or seven years. In that time an oak would have | LOOKING BACKWARD. Edward Bel- made barely perceptible growth, Jamy. Boston: Houghton Miffiin Co. b B mmuhumw:o&'lz\:-h« Te was & female ner in an- | defeat may prove 3 fle:l:emu named lneuu”h‘oor Lucusta, | I8 at the moment putting & razor edge | who was employed by Agrippina. Nero|of general interest urnn the theory of also used her talents, bu. she was exe- rernment which, for centuries, has cuted by Galba, so history tells us, and uh‘ed reformers in the fleld of poli- it served her right. tics and its of government. It is pleasant to turn from this terror | The Golden Rule, the Sermon on the |of the old days to the wholesome, | Mount, the American Declaration of In- | sweet-smelling locust trees and especial- | dependence, much of the Platonic ly 1o conlemplate their pealike Tiowers | philosopy, Thomas More's U , basic ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASK your command, A 2-cent, stamp answer to any i make. Thousands your y and 'unl-uood and address The Evening Btar Information Bureau, Frederie J, Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. National Air Races in Q. Will the Cleveland last thi A. The air race It is the one with the | in_drooping racemes, as the books say. Let us forget about the 40 brands of insects which are said to enjoy the locust bark and wood and leaves above all other bark, wood and leaves. Surely this is a good tree. We will not, bore you with hauling in Joyce Kil- ever wrote about any tree without want- ing t5 do so, it is so true, so phrased, so just. * k% x ‘The sweet, pulpy divisions of the lo- cus. pod are said to be good to eat. Sicliians are supposed even to go to the extent of making wine out of them. This is because they are albuminous material, Every one who talks locust trees with you will tell you before the discussion |is well started that there is no other wood which makes such good fence posts. Locust wocd burns well In the fireplace, alihough sometimes it pops fearfully. Real fireside sitters, however, like plenty of snzpping and crackling. A good locust log is able to send sparks 4 or 5 feet outward. It excels, t0o, in snapping them up and out. the sparks describing a trajectory, as the mllllll?’ men put it. This sort of de- livery laughs firescreen to scorn, even the finest brassbound ones. ‘Tie sparks from a locust log laugh at fancy firescrerns, and had as lief bound over the top of brass as over the | more humble screen of dull iron bind- ing. For sheer utility nothing can beat one of the commonest sorts, shaped | like a huge popcorn popper, which is | backed up to the fireplace and placed | In complete juxtaposition to the entire | opening. Then you have coverage. | It may not look quite s0 snappy in photographs, but you can bet your last | dollar that it will keep all the sparks, and not just most of them. from pop- ping out on the floor, especiaily if you are burning a nice wet locust log. 2w One good point of the locust tree is | that its leaves are so high in the air tl the sunshine has some chance to rden, especially in the early locusts will shade | & yard 100 heavily for the best growth | of annual flowers. the late leafing out will give many annuals a good chance | to get started, after which they can | take care of themselves fairly well, | By the use of properly made “‘shady” | mixtures of lawn grass, a householder | with a yard well shaded by locusts can | neverthelees have good grass, since the Tays of the sun are able to get in during weather of Spring. |, There is something almost cathedral- | like in a grove of . or a lawn surrcanded by them. Other and more heavily leafed trees perhaps do not give the same cffect. The sheer shafis of trunks rise high into the air before the branches and leaves begin. | morning. While several good This is not always the case, how- | ever, and some locusts begin to branch not more than 8 or 10 feet from the ground. 1In such cases the trees droop their leaves rather low. so that there is seen to be nothing hard and fast about | & Jocust after all. Every one is dif- ferent. and this variety adds to thetr 5flver Agitati‘fi on charm. Produces Sharp Variations in Opinion Interest in the position of silver in world markets is revived as a result of advocacy of an international confer- ence on the problem. There has been | widespread discussion in the Natlon's press since the recent meeting in Wash- ington of the International Chamber of Commerce. It is held by some that silver must be regarded as a commodity rather than as a monetary measure cf value. It s recognized that serious changes have been produced in India and China, and that possibly world conditions have been affected, chiefly through the reduced buying power of Asiatic countries. “More and more silver tends to be- come & mere commodity, less and leas & monetary unit.” advises the New York pointing out that “consumption of is different from consumption of that “when wheat is con- sumed, 1t vanighes; when silver is con- sumed, it merely goes into a vast reServcir, from which much of it may be recovered as need may arise.” The Sun explains as to official attitudes on the subject: vernments in the past have not gone to the single gold stand- ard for the fun of the thing; they have gone to it because it has proved work- able and sound. As wealth and pros- perity have ccme, nation after nation has ‘adopted it. The world today is contemplating & possible shortage of monetary gold in the future; it thinks of meeting this by more economical uses of the gold It knows it has rather than by obtaining mcre abundant al:fi— plies of new metal. Therefore e natural and historic tendency to mono- metallic standards is stronger than ever.” Against this statement is the declara- tion by the Springfield (Mass.) Repub- lican that “there seems to be a grow- ing body of opinion that when siiver was displaced as the monetary standard in India, a grave econ:mic error was committed”; that “the fall in silver’s price from 84 cents to 27 cents an ounce, following the change, must have had serious effects on the forelgn trade of the Orient.” The Oakland Tribune is convinced that it is “a subject of international concern to bring the price of sliver up, if trade is to be enjoyed with nations which have it as a standard.” * ok oxox “In the opinion of foreign trade ex- perts,” says the Seaitle Dally Times, “it will require considerable time before the earning power of the ccnsuming masses can adjust liself to the lower price of siiver. However, stabilization of the price of the metal will remove one of the great handicaps to commerce. For- eign traders would not hesltate to deal in the usual commodities because of fluctuating prices and speculation in exchange, A better price for silver would be immediately reflected in in- creased trade, in which Seattie would share largel “The growing demand for some help- ful rzhabilitation of silver,” states the Atlanta Constitu s not. as Scna- tor Borah explains, any revival of the free silver 16-to-1 ratio agitation of 35 years ago. It is for an international agreement that will restore on equitable basis the uss of silver 2 medium of world exchange in trade. Necessity must eventually compel such an agrecment. for the money gold of th> world, mainly owned by the United States and Frznce, furnishes too narrow a base cn which to establish a general healthy world commerce.” 0 greager was ever struck at world pros) y than was struck by Britain in changing the currency basis for India" in the opinion of the Houston Chronicle, while the Portland Oregon Journal, referring to a meet- Ing of representatives of Chambers of Commerce of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, British Columbia and Cali- 58 was asked to inv'stigate the subject and to sup- port an_international conference, po! “Prastically one billion people in sr-using countries are nearly bank- rupt because of the extraordinarily low value of silver. As bankrupts they eannot buy goods, “The whole question will be thireshed Times, in view of the fact thal problem ia scute for China, “India and certain other Asiatic countries, as well as Mexico, are hard | hit.” The Harrisburg Telegraph holds that “it begins to look as if silver might divide the honors with wheat as a topic of debate in the Lalls of Congress,” and | the Littie Rock Arkansas Democrat | belleves the Chamber of Commerce “has a right to demand that something | be done about it.” |, “The problem of stable exchange.” in the judgment of the Loulsvilie Courier Journal, “is so far from mas- | tered that it isn't fully understood. | Certainly increasing the price of silver | by depreciating the value of gold would | be attempting to pull trade out of the alough by its bootstraps. A great many | questions remain unanswered—wheth- | er the hen that lays the egg or the g8 that hatches the chicken came first: whether the zebra is a black animal with white stripes or & white animal with black stripes; whether the world is suffering from overproduction or un- derconsumption. and whether gold has gone up or other commodities have come down In price.” The conclusion drawn bv the Buf- falo Evening News is that “if the que: | Hon comes up again, any international oconference probably would discard the t & double standird can be ed. but will consider the prac- ticability of & wider use of silver at its gold value as security for paper cur- rency. This should not be outside the principles of sound finance.” The Asbury Park Press sta: “It is be- ginning to look as if those interested in sliver will have to seek elsewhere than |In the wider use of slver currency for | relief. Their problem will be solved 1t | they can discover new and practical | industrial uses for their pet metal. | This has been done with other metals.” B O e it Roosevelt Professorship. |Prom the Cleveland News. | Columbia University has re-establish- ed the Roosevelt professorship at the | University of Berlin. Scholastic rela- | tions between the two schools, which tn this case began ine 1906, were broken off during the war, % | Among the eminent American edu- | cators who have held the Roosevelt pro- | fessorship are President Arthur T. Had- ley of Yale, Dr. Felix Adler, President Benjamin Ide Wheeler and Prof. Paul 8. Reinsch. Prof. Frederick J. E, Wood- | bridge of Columbia is the man chosen | this time, the first appointee to the Ber- | lin post since the armistice. Prof. Woocbridge is & member of Columbia's | philosophy department. He will carry | the standard of American culture into a land which produced Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Kant and Hegel—a land rich | in philosophical tradition. Americans will rejoice that educa- | onal ambassadors are being exchanged | between their own republic and the new | one which supplanted the German Em- | pire. Perhaps in this particular case | they wi'l wonder why this has not been | aceomplished before.” Einstein, one-time enemy, was a'most mobbed in New York recently in the effusiveness of America’s greeting. It is high time the Roosevelt professorship in Berlin was filled—a dozen years after the war. —————— Bridge Rights. Prom the Seattle Daily Times. Doc Brown says that a woman has 1 ou! “the while idea tl | maintain, | | Neither men nor women have a rllzht to play—the way some play. of them | s | Perhaps Congeni | Prom the Davton Daily News. | _ Driver fails to heed red light: suffers head injury. It has always been our impression that the driver who fails to | heed the red light may have suffered & | hesd injury in his youth. points in the church policy of the one hand, of Loyola on the other— these and many another case in point advocate, according to time and circum- stance, the equities and equalities upon which socialism is primarily defined. And, besides these theoretical founda- { easily to mind. These project soclalized communities in both the Old World and New, in both ancient ages and modern times. Within these political idealists have set up working programs of com- munal existence. That these, so far, have failed appears to source in human nature itself. Under oppression, man endures. That oppression removed, man himself arrogant, tyrannical, harsh and even ge In retaliations and revenges. Slow to develop, dull to_learning, the man animal. Is it not possible that much of the actuality of democratic growth will drive from the top downward out of the expanded spirit and will of those matured and tempered by experience. rather than to look .for its complete rire from the bottom? Why not the two working together? The uppeér oncs, fast, because of their bigger vision of their training In achievement? The | lower ones, not so fast. because of the xcloulny impedimenta of their past, and present? | However, all T started to say was ‘l.hlt. at the moment, everybody is de:ply concerned in the stupendous case of Russia. ‘To understand it, is the prime drive of ths moment. As an approach to such personal competency of knowl- edge there is, at present, a distinct revival of interest in former political jadventures of corresponding type, but | of simpler patterns and, therefore, of readier selsure. 8o, just mow, we are busy with history having to do with adventures in liberal and idealistic theories of politics and government. Well toward 50 years ago, Edward Bellamy, son of a New England | ‘her, Wrote the novel, “Looking | Backwerd.” As story. the 18 ! negligible. Hardly more than a sugar- coating of romance to lure reluctant | readers into the thought upon a theme of genuine and general moment. The device upon which the narra: tive made its way was the not un | miMar one of projecting the action far {into the future. From such advantage point, prophecy becomes history, and, therefore convin-ing, provided the author is good at foresights and forecasts. !”lnvkmx Backward” spreads the twen- | tieth century out in its entirety behind i the year . ‘Therefore, in fact, it j constructs a period which, for achieve- {ments of progress, measures many cen- turies when compared with the actual life span of the author himself. So- |c’alism as against capiialism sums, | roughly, the course of this novel, of this study. Capttalism, in its early and lusty y 2 3 100zia-shod aloag the way. Socizlism ‘n its untr'ed idealism endeavors, et many & point, to mate- rialize its theories inio beiter condi- | tions for the mill'ons of the industrially | deprived and unblessed. I think it says | much for the author’s grasp of his own i present in its circction end conirol that he has so astonith'ngly forecast cerisin facts and aspecis of this half- century beyond him. The radio, not called that, but literally described, is a feature here. The Lesgue of Na- tions also takes shape and activity in this _story. 2 subs.ance of tha i Th notable five-year plan working out fi:" Russia is, besides, indubitably cited in its essence. The United States of the World lies within the conception of this forward-looking Yankee, born in ! Chicopee PFalls, Mass. Domestic rela- tions have the tang of Russla upon them. Easy divorce, equal pay for man and wife doing the same work, and f a dozen other y ts re- leased from the handicap of sex and tradition. No, not down with the capitalist! Nothing so futfle as that. Rather adapt the capitalist, with his money and his brains, to the fine adventure of organ- {1zing all labor’to the benefits and op- | portunities of a huge industrial con- cern, employer and employe united, fairly end equitably, before the in- calculable natural riches that the earth is offering to such partnership. “Looking Backward” glves a reason- able outlook upon the facts of the pres- ent time. It forecasts many points of advance that were th'n but a dream: year, 2000, with many an actual ful- fillment to its account, with much more of yet to be 69 years of the cen- :n the remaining ury. An introduction by Heywood Broun gives current implication to the book as !a whole. A sketch of the author by Sylvester Baxier supplies certain per- sonal estimates of both Edward Bellamy and the book itself that are of excel- lent value. One of the books that is calculated to lead M our studying of the political theorles and adventures and actual practices that point upon the great Russian plan and experiment. * % %o THE INTERNATIONAL MANDATES. By Asron M. Margalith, Ph. D. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. To the majority, “Mandate” eame to life and significance and to no small measure of misunderstanding with the settlements of the World War. Vaguely, it is generally assumed to go back in origin to exploited outside areas of vari- ous European countries. Areas that in the compositions of peace took on spe- cial import, assumed new orders of in- ternational conception and treatment. Vague. though, that term ‘“Mandate, and the working pian of it. At hand is an opportunity for the student to make profitable and most interesting in- vestigation of this subject by way of its comg:ehemlve and scholarly treatment by Dr. Asron M. Margalith, Simplicity and directness are the qualities which invite the reader to this volume. It is easy to be scholarly and complex and cryptic. Not this writer, however. “What is a Mandate?” This the prompt and stimulating approach to one who wants to know. And in an equal straight line the author tells what a mandate is, how it came into existence, how it developed into a sys- tem. And this description, drawn im- mediately from the World War and its antecedents of European practice toward outlying regions of the earth, is & clear- readable and interesting summary that sets the topic substantially and picturesquely in the reader’s mind. Be- yond this point of description, rather more like & story in effect, there comes the study, not so readily seizable, this, of the complicated workings of this system. Then, harder yet for even the ambitious seeker, follows the close legal | analysis of the system as part of in ternational law. Work, you see, to absorb this part of international history. Somewhat narrow, also, in its appeal, as only the special student and the deep-diving reader will hear the call of the subject Iooking upon o specil ine ot peial 1 upon & special o tionalism. lmgu“mu’ history, de as , de- scription, study becomes anized m:rl;:h. the d be under less competent and.less scholarly direction. One likes the good conscience of this author, is warmed and invited by it, as he pays due to Johns Hopkins Unfter- sify a its encouragement, to Prof. Willoughby, head of its department of political sclence. admitting thet in every point Dr. Willoughby does not e actly agree with him. Ingratiating, I call that, an admission that begets con- fidence for the work le and domain of serious | That is not the program. | that are now working toward that | program ‘alvin on 'u;‘ Municipal Airport on mu&"" at \y, Au- 29, and continues daily through Labor day, Monda: low-{- . ve the religious affilia- following members of the nisation for National y. Q. Please tions o{' the mer's poem, although surely no one |tions, many practical experiments come | Prohibition Reform: Mrs. Charles H. Sabin, Mrs. Courtlandt Nicoll, Mrs. Oeol"t'olv\l and Mrs. Robert Lovett. A. The executive secretary of the or- ganization says: “Mrs. Charles H. Sabin is an Episcopalian, Mrs. Courtlandt | Nicoll is an Anglican Episcopalian, Mrs. [<] Orvis of Vermont is & Unitarian, and Mrs. Robert Lovett of Boston, I be- lieve, is an Episcopalian.” Q. How many commemorative 35- cent pleces will the Government issue for fl: Bicentennial Celebration? — C. H. B. A. The Office of the Director of the Mint says that commemorative 25-cent pieces are not to be issued. The issue will be the regular issue of 25-cent coins. The desi honor of George Washington. and there will be a discontinuance of the old de- i!ll’l. |, Q. Where were the President's sons born?—M. A. H. A. They were both born in London, England. Q. How and when did most of the Chinese come to this country?—A. W. G. A. The number of Chinese who came to the United States from 1848 to 1852 2s a result of the gold discoveries is estimated at 10,000. In the next two years the excess of arrivals over depar- tures amounted to 31,861. Then for 15 years the annual departures were about 85 great as the arrivals, but in 1868 there was a net gain of 6,876 and from that year to 1876 the net n was about 11.000 each year. The first “Chi- nese exclusion act” was passed in 1882, but the ones already here were per- Q. Do synonyms have exactly the same meaning?—L. H. A. While 8 few of them do, most of jthem are definitely distinguishable in meaning. Q. What does the name of the coun- try Veneguela mean?—G. T. A. It means little Venice. It prob- ably was given to the country hecause of the pile dwellings built by the na- will be changed in | n | tives on o B which suge Lake Maracaibo, Venice to the early explarers. Q. What Russian general conducted the siege of the Praemysl fortress 4{ 1914-15 until it surrendered?—C. l.u‘-m Russian 1 rough Labor day?—J. L. |real in Owen ginian"?—J. 8, A. Owen Wister says: “No in the bflhhl u‘lrl character le. No geography in the book that has an name definitely refers to any real geograj The whole book may be the Tesult of im; of people and m‘. covering from eight to nine Q. How much did the Nile River usually rise each year before the flow was controlled by the dam?—B. W. A. Tts average rise was about 35 feet, Thirty feet meant a destructive fiood, while 18 feet meant poor crops and star- vation. The reservoir behind the dam assures a regulated flow and makes possible the cultivation of 6,000,000 acres that were formerly desert. England have a minister of | the cabinet>—H. H. 8. many private institutions which ly supervised by the central Q. Why is Colonial furniture of se | many styles?>—P. C. A. Colonial refers merely to the time before the Union was formed. New England and Virginia were settled by the English. New York by the Dutch and Loulsiana by the French. The furniture of each section hnumbl:d h'h:hmm"“" ‘;hleh had been ough! part of the country. A(I::TM;]] colmlll:l furniture '.:l'y. simp] reproduction of the more elaborate furniture made abroad. A few designs originated in this country. Q. What was the first publication in this country?—S. 1. 8. A. The first publication was the “Bostan News Pamphlet,” dated April 24, 1704. There is only one copy known to be in existence. It is in the State Paper Office in London, England. Q. What is the English name for the | pari-mutuel system of betting on horse Ko %-I."'-Z'm. the word “total o use - | Q. What is largest amount paid as & Nobel award’—J. A. G. P THE POLITICAL MILL BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. |, Massachusetts is heard from again. | This time it is the voice of Representa- {tive Allen T. Treadway, the dean of +the Republican members of the House |address Saturday night before the ! Young Men's Republican Club in Springfield that he would vote for the | resubmission of the efghteenth amend- | ment if s preponderant sentiment were shown to be for such resubmission. He sdded that there seems to be a very general call for the resubmission of the lquor question to the le and the States. Mr, Treadway did not say that he would support repeal of the eighteenth amendment. But what he said was his first public announcement that he would vote to let the people |and the States decide whether they i wished to hold on to this question eighteenth amend- ment to the tures of the States because of the n preponderant senti- | ment of the people for such submission. “In order to be consistent if a simi- | lar preponderant sentiment is shown to exist for resubmission, I should deem it | my duty to vote in Congress for such resubmission. | “While this has represented my | position for an indefinite time and will i continue so to do. this is the time I have publicly stated it, and I think I have made it so plain that it will not be necessary for me to repeat it in the future.” * % x % ‘The hibition question has been glving m G. O. P. a terrible lot of trouble in Hll-chuxen:. - n' l)(:: a‘nvu.:: a great deal of party defec B in the last iblican senatorial primary Willlam M. ler, former Senator and former of the Republican National Committee, ran for the nom- ination, his wet opponent, Amos L. Draper, polled within a few thousand a3 many votes as did Mr. Butler. Furthermore, a third clndldltte’.‘ “lt-yhl P Gillis, the fighting Mayor of Newbury- port, & “moist” in his campaign, polled sufficlent votes, which if transferred to Mr. Drmr. would have given him the nomina over Butler. The fact that dry Republican members of the House from Massachusetts are now talking, as does Mr. Treadway, about the resub- mission of the eighteenth amendment is understandable in & State where the sentiment is overwhelmingly “wet” and 80 shown in 1 ted referendums. Mr. Treadway admitted in his speech that hibition had not measured up to the g‘:pes of its friends. But he sald also that before prohibition, with & corner saloon on the streets and many in be- tween the corners, conditions had not been so0 good either. The main point in Mr. Treadway's speech, however, seems to be his present willingness to let the whole question go to the Btates again for their decision. * e w At the same time Mr. Treadway was announcing his willingness to resubmit the question of national prohibition he declared, “It is to be hoped and ex- pected that Maassachusetts will send to the convention a solid delegation favor- able to the renomination of President Hoover,” The Massachusetts member of the House said there had been en- tirely too much iniaparty strife for the good of the G. O. P. in Massach: setts and it was time to get togethew. Because of that strife, he said, the Democrats have now two United States Senators from Massachusetts and Governor of the State. * ok ok ox ‘The situation in Massachusetts polit- ically raises the question whether, after all, tke old Bay State has not swung pretty definitely into the Democratic column. It went for Al Smith for President in 1928 whén the rest of the country, with the exception of a hand- ful of States, was going for Hoover. And last year it gave the Republicans a real drubbing in the senatorial and bemln;l.'nl;l &hfi"l:‘m. ‘The mb; icans ! argumen a Massachusetts is still a Republican State because it has 12 Republican members eauses hold of th even the general reader to take bstruse political subect in e will to follow it through with a this al dy Just as much right to play bridge as a|simpler to the general reader than it|leader who. manifestly, has put the best of himself into the study of this impor- tant development of the World War, A subject that is not, by any means, locked up within the past of that event. Rather one that is facing potentially and significantly upon the future. Proo ardors of pure scholar- gn of research, is| s volume. Hap- | it has become | D. of the ‘erywhere within /plly, for the rest of W “aimplified in its prd ] as far as poesible, and that geographical in- congruities should be avoide the whether they will compromise with the Democrats and accept their plan in the main or in part in order to get & redistricting law in time hankering for just now. * ok x x Senator Hiram Bingham of Con- necticut a few weeks ago came forward with & plan for amending the income tax laws and the Federal tax laws gen- erally which would place the tax burden on more and more of the peo- ple. He did not propose this change for the sake of burdening the people, he said, but so that the majority of the people might understand what Gov- ernment financing was all about. At present, he pointed out, the great ma- jority of the people pay no income taxes at all and no other direct Federal taxes. They can look on with equa- nimity while Congress authorizes huge appropriations, appropriations are running the Government more and more into & hole under present-day conditions. Many of these appropria- tions, he sald, are made at the behest of minority groups of the people who are demanding money for this or that purpose, and bring sufficient pressure to bear on members of Congress to fcrce them to vote for the appropria- tions. The only way to correct the situation, Senator Bingham contended, was to make the people wake up and feel the direct pinch of the tax col- |iector. Then & vast majority of them would exert their influence against these minority groups and Ccngress would cease to spend money 50 freely. * ok ok x And now Secretary Mellon of the Treasury and Undersecretary of the ‘Treasury Ogden Mills are singing pretty much the same tune, although they have not come out for a new law changing the tax system to be submitted to Con- at its next session. But Mr. Mel- llc{.l, in effect, that the income tax a “class tax” imposed on a very few the He says also it is not because in times of is of people. and the vote of,one is as potent as the othll;‘m. if it tackles _dramatized in its effect.’ b N ) — Mnu“m d