Evening Star Newspaper, May 4, 1931, Page 2

| 32t OMAT WARNED | - OF PATERNALISM Nén Bernstorf, in 1914, Said “Tncome Tax Opened New Road to Revenues. M 4 # patern ‘BY ASHMUN BROWN. ars a few months be- M:“,.iie war broke out in Europe, thig correspondent had an interesting seriss of talks with Count J. H. von . then Ambassador of Kaiser ‘at Washington, on the subject encles in government in the Btates. Much of what the Am- jor said at that time was printed article which appeared in a num- f newspapers throughout the coun- tryj-some of it, because of the count’s d!akmluc position, could not then be ifached, thoroughly in A shrewd, detached, roug - formed student of affairs, Count von offered comment on the ‘even then manifest, toward pater- in America, which masqueraded the title of progressivism. He did not- attempt to prophesy directly, but put. his major predictions in the form of red questions and_specula- B, the wisdom of which has been Rmply justfied by the developments. Raise in Costs Rapid. the period—the spring of 1914— “‘:‘m'}; was witnessing its first gredt swing toward elevated taxes. In the “preceding twelve months, as later devlfid, the total costs of Govern- ment-in the United States, national, State and Jocal, had leaped forward ~Jess than $3,000,000,000 to more $4,000,000,000, & !un of more than er cent, without the public realiz- on. That $4,- what was 000,000,000 figure, i llhollld be men- hth of @ series of articles it ends In government. of U in 1 1] 25 the 500,000,000 the Federal authority alone is in this fiscal year of 1931. exact text of Count von Berns- toff’s remarks, at this length of time, can not be set down accurately, but in paraphrase they were as follows: *Your Progressives are leading you, wg:thu‘ they and you realize it, and whether rightfully ‘or wrongfully, di- mg:ly into Socialism and T} Y- | nomic problems and of the economic to supplant & government which here- td;npplhu bel'r‘l’ distinctly individual- dstic. I wonder if it will succeed. ! “Germans Obey Bureaucrats.” »We get away with it in Germany cliefly because the Germans are an obledient people, who obey the burea crats without making trouble. But ar ydu Americans an obedient people? agother chuckle. “I am a base ball fan and when I ob- st debmionCot ine umpire 1 am a & decision of prone to_think you are not an obedient 3 Germany scattered every- TR0 gpepad ‘abecutely. Would & sign. It s obeyed utely. a "gblflden‘ be thus obeyed in America?” This, it should be recalled, was said lohg before traffic signs and traffic lights were a feature of the urban scene and before the practice of “jum) ing %m‘" ‘became common. Lo also ore the ‘“verboten” sign was affixed to beverage alcohol. *“You have j““t tional amendmen gress has imposed a ~ jued the oount, referring to B ot ead tha” act ‘of 1013, . T am no prophe say it is the inevitable that it will grow until it becomes the chief source of P‘g%r:l Teveniles. t, of course, is precisely what has )nrpuud. Income tax collections in 1914 constituted only 9 per cent of the revenues; last year they con- stituted more than 57 per cent. & *“The money will come easily at first,” continued Count von Bernstorfl, “for you have no real idea of what taxation means in this country. We in Europe ow. You haven't scratched the sources of possible taxation. As the volume of collections grows the demands for expenditures must increase. Isn't that natural and human? . Cites American Progressiveness. *But I am not referring to what 1 rd 2s an inescapable increase in the power and cost of the Federal Gov- emment alone when I speak of the American progressives’ ideas having been made in Germany. Let me explain. “lmnl:rv:' obu:rved that !hde "-chndu::c‘ye ta POWers—an us ts—of municipal and State govern- ts is particularly marked. More and mpre cities are going in for municipal ownership, for example. Very many of our college and university professors, i'm in my travels to those institu- tions, have done graduate or post-grad- udte work in German universities and have returned profoundly impressed by thie efficiency of our various govern- ments, particularly the municipal gov- ernments.” “Notoriously, as Mr. Bryce has painted out in his remarkable book, your weakest link in the chain of American nt is your municipal govern- ment. Thus your intellectual leaders in your universities and colleges, training the minds of your young men and ‘women, become champlons of the Ger- man system and impregnate their stu- dents with the idea of its superiority. The result is apparent in the Progres- sive movement and justifies my state- ment that the Progressive ideas were in Germany. Taxation Burden Increases. “States and municipalities, in- re- sponse to these teachings, are taking on more powers and duties and are becom- ing more expensive. Taxation becomes & great and greater burden, and some complaint already is heard, although, as 1 have said, your people have no realiza- tion of the pinch of taxation that we Buropeans feel. Now that the Federal Government has established the income tax, with untold possibilities for raising revenug, it would be but natural if the States and local governments in time should turn to the central authority for fipancial aid. “You have set your feet on the path that wa Germans have trod; you have begun & revolytion in your own Gov- ernment. I am interested in speculat- !? as {0 the outcome of it all—the effect on your national spirit and ideals, which are so different from our own. “To the European, aral particularly to this European, the finest thing in this country, next to the spirit of self- reliance that so strongly prevails, is marvelous generosity and benevolence of those who have amassed riches through opportunity that exists here who have industry and ability. ds this expressed in gigantic gifts to hospitals, to libraries, to schools and universities, to fl’lvl(e sclentific re- search and to charity. With no com- pulsion at all, your rich men seem to feel an obligation to give back to the common good some of thelr accumula- tion, and the results are magnificent. In times of disaster or catastrophe your ple ?our out their money in sceming Hod.l(l fashion to relieve the suffering. is an inspiring spectacle. A people animated by these impulses, the result of the spirit of individualism that is the dominant note of your life, truly is a noble people. “Now, there is not and can bs none ny. We are all so nat We never think of e | World advancement. | Voja Mar! Nation's Chief Executive delivering his address today at of the International Chamber of Commerce. President’s C. Economic Rehabilitation of World Largely Depen- dent on Success of Con ING STAR, WASHINGTON, the opening session —Star Staff Photo. of C. Address ference for Limitation of Armaments, He Says. ‘The text of President Hoover's ->2ech before the International Chanioer of Commerce today follows: “I bid _you welcome to the United States. You have come from many lands and at a time of grave re- sponsibilities at home to participate in discussions that will contribute to ‘The considera. tion and discussion of world-wide eco- relations between nations by men who have had to deal with the results of economic forces can be most helpful to world understanding and world co- operation in their solution. “It is needless for me to emphasize the high degree of economic interde- pendence of the world—we require no more emphatic demonstration than the present world-wide depression. Although the United States enjoysa far greater economic independence than any other large country, yet we have been gravely affected by world forces. “The present depression is compara- ble in its extreme depth and its extent only to those who have followed about the same distance after the former great wars in modern history. This depression is no doubt contributed to by many very important, immediate, economic causes to which each of you will give different weight, but I be- lieve you will all agree with me that the destruction of life and property, the great tax burdens and the social and political instability which resulted from the Great War have had large responsibility in its origins. Upheaval in Many Lands. “Over three-quarters of the commer- clally important population of the world has been in a state of social and political upheaval at some time even during the past three years. Although some secondary part of this political instability may have been the result of immediate economic causes, we cannot the malign inheritance from the Great War. These political and social disturbances necessarily undermine that confidence on which economic life, ';bg;‘h domestic and international, must ve., “This is not an occasicn for review of the action and interaction of such a multitude of forces, but I do wish to gi:! emphasis to one of these war in- ritances in which internaticnal co- tion can effect a major accom- p ient in reducing the tax burdens of the world, removing a primary cause of unrest and establishing greater confl- dence for the long future. That is the limitation and reduction of armament. “The world expenditure on all arms is now nearly $5,000,000,000 yearly, an increase of about 70 per cent over that revious to the Great War. We stand y with nearly 5,500,000 men ac- tively under arms and 20,000,000 more in reserve. These vast forces, greatly exceeding thcse of the pre-war period, still are to be demobilized, even though 12 years have passed since the armistice was ed, use of fear and of in- ability of nations to co-operate in mu- tual reductions. Yet we are all signa- tories to the Kellogg-Briand pact, by which we have renounced war as an instrument of mational policy and agreed to settle all controversies by r- cific means. Surely with this under- standing, the self-defense of nations could be assured with proportionately far less military forces than these. Burdens of Armament. “This vast armament continues not only a burden upon the economic recu- peration of the world, but, cf even more consequence, the constant threats and fears which arise from it are a serious contribution to all forms of instability, whether social, political or economic. “Endeavor as we must in sup) of every proposal of international eco- nomic co-operation that is just to our respective peoples, yet we must recog- nize that reduction of this gigantic waste of competition in military estab- lishments is in the ultimate of an im- rtance transcendent over all other orms of such economic effort. “International confidence cannot be builded upon fear—it must be builded upon good will. The whole history of the world is filled with chapters of the fajlure to secure peace through either competitive arms or intimidation. “I am not unaware of the difficulties of this question. No one would suggest that either national defense should be abandoned nor that so great a task as reasonable limitation and reduction of arms can be accomplished overnight. “We have made considerable progress in the limitation and reduction of na arms. We have lald the foundat for still further progress in the future. ‘These agreements have . contributed greatly to reduce the burden of taxes and to establish confidence and good- will among the nations who have been signatory to_them. “Within the short time the princi) nations of the world will meet to dis- cuss the broad questions of reduction in land armament. The very calling of this conference is in itself not only proof of need, but is an emphatic evi- dence of progress in the world demand for relief and for peace. Of all pro- posals for the economic rehabilitation of the world I know of none which compares in necessity or importance with the successful result of that con- ference. “The United States has a less direct interest in land armament reduction than any of the large nations because our forces have been already demobi- lized and reduced more than all others. We have, however, a vast indirect in- tefest in greater assurance of peace, order and the increased economic pros- perity of other nations. It is within the wer of business men of the world to nsist that this problem shall be met with sincerity, courage and constructive action. It is within the power of states- men to give to the world a great as- surance for the future and a great moral victory for humanity. I wish you a successful conference. I have confidence that it will be fruit- ful of progress.” LITTLE ENTENTE OPENS CONFERENCE TO WIN HUNGARY (Continued From First Page) nfé‘oum, be the end of the entente as such. The conference is & hush-hush affair. ‘The meetings are strictly secret, jour- nalists are forbidden entrance and no communiques are issued. Eduard Benes, Czech foreign minis- ter, has enjoined his colleagues to com- plete secrecy. The meetings are held in the Rumanian ministry of foref affairs' in & big rococo building on main boulevard, which is guarded & fortress. ‘The chairman who opened today's deliberations is Prince Demetre Ghika, Rumania’s new foreign minister. The other chief delegate is the broad-browed inkovitch, Jugoslav foreign minister. ‘The extreme secrecy of the delibera- tions is caused not only by the fact that this is the most important con- ference in the history of the Little Entente, but because of rumored divi- sions in the entente camp itself. German Influence Seen. Rumania and Jugoslavia are both in- clined to look with some favor on the Ausiro-German union as a commercial e digging down in our own pockets to relieve distress, to promote public edu- cation, to contribute to the cultural ad- vancement of our fellows. We shrug our shoulders when a need becomes | apparent, and disclaim all private re- sponsibility. Those are matters for the State to deal with. The State provides the colleges and universities, the li- braries, the hospitals, and takes care of the poor and the unemployed. These things, we consider, are none of our business, but the business of the im- personal State, and, moreover, when we get through with paying our taxes we have notmngelext to gratify what- ever trace of benevolence might re- main as an inheritance in our hearts, “I wonder if you Americans, en- thuslastic over what you term ‘s~ sive ideas, will lose your self-reliance, your rosity and your noble indi- vidu as those ideas are developed. I wonder if the burden of taxation which you are beginning to take on your shoulders, without realizing how heavy it may become ultimately, will not crush out of you, as it has crushed out of others, that which Europeans like myself regard as the finest result of the civilization you have erected here.” . Ty proposition. Germany is the best cus- tomer for their grain, and an improve- ment in the German market would be | 80od business for them. Both Jugoslavia and Rumania have come to a sort of crisis in their for- eign policy. Politically they are based on Prance, but economically they would have much 10 gain by co-operation with Germany. 8f of strong German in- fluence from day to day are cited both at_Belgrade and here. Rumania is obviously getting closer to Hungary, -, Prof. Nicolas Jorga, Rumanian prime minister, over the week end opened an exhibition of Hungarian pictures with warm words of praise. At the same time a Rumanian play was given its first performance at the Budapest State Theater. The visit of King Carol's brother, Prince Nicholas, to Budapest, where he was recelved with royal hon- ors, aroused rumors. New Treaty Sought. A German delegation to negotiate a commerce treaty with Rumania is riving in Bucharest this week. nde'g&:?er Cuvmtull.l in a front- e , today assails Mr. i French policles. S thuon deal e new deal in Rumanian politics un- der the control of the King, z'flhlch.g\v':s rise to the bellef that Rumania may hereafter exert a more independent foreign policy. On the other hand, it is understood that Prince Ghika opened the discussions today by firmly pledging unwavering Rumanian allegiance to the entente. Mr. Benes’ enormous influence will, of course, be thrown heavily on the side of an unbroken entente front. All in all, it is the political conditions rather than the economic which dominate Balkan foreign policy today and the general feeling, despite the growth of German influence, is that little entente solidarity is certain to be newly em- phasized. (Copyright, 1931.) e AUTO CRASH FATAL John W. Steelman of Washington Digs in Maryland Accident. John W. Steelman, colored, 28, for eight years a machinist’s helper in the composing room of The Star, was killed early today when an automoblle ran off the Baltimore Boulevard near Savage and overturned. Robert Brozenne, also colored, of Jes- sups, Md., another occupant of the car, escaped zerious injury. The accident was investigated by Maryland police. Steelman lved in the 180(@block of Fifteenth, pects important of all at present i | D. C, MONDAY, MAY 4, 1931. FIVE EXTRA TOPICS Russian Situation to Be Aired at International Session Here. BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. Thorough ventilation of the Russian situation with its world relationship and of such questions as reparations, the most favored nation clause, gold and silver, will transcend the official agenda of the Sixth Congress of the International Chamber of Commerce, which opened here today. Listed for discussion on the agenda are economic relations between the United States and Europe, the agri- cultural crisis, the movement towards a Euorpean economic union, the silver problem and its effects in the Far East, economic crises and recovery from de- pression and other such topics. But there are five really i rtant matters not on the agenda, and which will demand most attention from the delegates. These are: The Russian question. Reparations. ‘The most favored nation clause. Gold. 5. The silver question from its-politi- cal angle. Exhaustive Discussion Likely. The Russian problem will be aired from all its aspects. It is expected that the delegates will hold the most ex- haustive discussion, from the business man'’s point of view, that has ever taken place. Every side of the Soviet economic situation will be scrutinized, especially the question of dumping. So far, the various governments have had great difficulty defining “dumping” for prod- ucts coming from Russia. Dumping, according to international law, means .| selling products abroad under the cost price. ‘What is the cost price as far as Rus- sla is concerned? ask most business people. Labor is generally not paid, transportation involves almost no cost for the Soviet government, which is ex- porting its products, and there are no charges for storage within the country. Consequently, the cost price, as far as the Soviet government is concerned, be- gins to count only from the moment the products reach the border. All these matters will be discussed in great detail, and it is hoped that a resolution will be passed here and adopted by most governments to form the basis of per- tinent legislation. Reparations German Issue. ‘The German delegates are expected to raise the reparation question. Their theory is that the reparations Germany has to pay must be revised downward in accordance with the decline of prices which has occurred in most countries in Europe since adoption of the Young plan. The Austrian and Norwegian dele- gates are expected to raise the ques- tion of the most favored nations clause, which they consider as a serious handi- cap to international trade. The most favored nation clause means that the country which decides to reduce the export duty on & certain type of prod- ucts to another country must give a similar treatment to a nation with which it has signed a treaty of com- merce containing this clause. ‘The faults of this system have been exemplified in the present Austro-Ger- man tariff union, the American Gov- ernment claiming the right to export all its manufactured products to Ger- many on the same basis as the Aus- trians—that is to say, duty free—while the German products have to pay. the 1| minimum tariff imposed on all goods entering the United States. This is obviously a fallacy and the members of the International Chamber of merce want the governments to devise a plan to substitute this antiquated system of tariff relations. Reglonal Agreements Idea. It is suggested that the clause should be replaced by some kind of regional agreements covering certain types of goods only. In other words, if France agrees to accept Damish agricultural products duty free, and Holland agrees to accept Prench silks on the same terms, the United States should not be able to claim the right to send agricul- tural and silk products into Holland and France on the same basis without granting & reciprocity to both these countries According to some of the leading ex- perts, the present world depression is due mainly to the fact that most of the world’s gold has been concentrated in the last few years in France and in the United States. They maintain that the situation cannot be solved without first finding some way of redistributing the gold throughout the world by means of important credits, or possibly reduc- tion or cancellation of debts. Since President Hoover has made it clear that the policy of the present administration is not to discuss the debt question, the economists gathered in Washington will discuss the question of gold credits to heIthhose countries which need them most Silver Political Aspect. ‘The silver question, which is lkely to be brought up by the Chinese dele- gates, will be debated mostly from the political aspect. Most economists main- tain that silver is no longer a precious metal, but has become lately & com- modity, like cotton or copper. But here is & way of preventing the further de- preciation of that metal if Great Brit- ain can be induced to stop dumping silver, as she has done during the last 18 months. These matters affect closely the wel- fare of the world, and it is hoped that the delegates will be able to reach some definite decision that will help to al- leviate the present world crisls, Al- though resolutions passed at this con- gress are not binding on the respective governments, they are important, in that, being opinions entertained in leading economic and financial circles of various countries, they represent a situation in fact, which no government can ignore. (Copyright, 1931) RUSSIAN VIEWS PESSIMISTIC. . s Capitalists Unable to Solve Iils of Cap- italist, Says Press. BY JUNIUS B. WOOD. By Cable to The Star. MOSCOW, U. 8. 8. R, May 4.—The purposes of the World Congress of Chambers of Commerce, opening today in Washington with 200 delegates repre- senting 46 countries, are exposed in the Moscow newspapers. Explaining that the premier of Bel- glum opens the congress with a recom- mendation of the proper medicine to cure the ills of the capitalistic world, including the conflict between the United Stz‘es and Europe, Za Indus- trializatzia, organ of the supreme council of national economy, continues: “Under raw, academic formulas, the question of unemployment concerning millions of workers will be concealed. Capitalists, being capitalists, are unable to decide such a question.’ ““The so-called Soviet problem, which today is an important link in the world economic chain, will be the center of the talk,” the paper says. “They will try to grasp it in order to find a way | part out of the blind alley in which the cap- italistic world is caught. “Years have passed siné: mocked and made skeptical grim our five-year plan. Business circles of capltalistic powers are now interested in Russia, not merely from curiosity, but because the country is building social- ism and stimulating increased growth of the workers’ movement. “The kings of the bourses realize that the world proletariat is following our example. The New York correspondent of the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun prophesies that the next 10 years will #o & world between Russian | was given over to discussion of the And the Motorists Were Not Eveq Hurt TWO LEAP TO SAFETY WHEN NEW YORK LIMITED PLOWS THROUGH STALLED MACHINE. A ‘train on the speeding train. ‘The cow catcher of the locomotiv LL that was left of the automobile of Bernard T. Brosius of Rockville after it was hit by a Baltimore & Ohlo the Ammendale grade crossing early yesterday morning. Brosius, who is an automobile dealer and president of the Rockville Chamber of Commerce, and Clifford H. Monahan of Washington got out of the machine before it was struck and carried nearly a quarter of a mile by Monahan saved a set of golf clubs. was damaged and another engine dispatched to take the train to New York. URGED BY HOOVER CUT IN LAND ARMS | President Tells Session ,Taxl Burdens Hinder Recupera- tion From Depression. (Continued From First Page.) intervention has only been temporary.” After a review of world business, | which he sald was depressed “as never before in history,” M. Theunis con-’ tinued: | “The economic depression has cre- | ated a psychology of depression, di couragement and pessimism which is aggravatifg and prolonging the present state of affairs by strangling fruitful and creative initiative, | “This is the vicious circle which will | have to be broken some day. On the day on which a sufficient number of people are convinced that better times are in sight a wave of contagious opti- mism will spread, following a few false starts, and will set the economic ma- chine in full motion again. This is the cause to which we, in the Interna- tional Chamber of Commerce, are earnestly devoted, however heavy a burden our task may prove to be.” Although not mentioning the Amer- ican Farm Board's attempt to stabilize prices by buying up agricultural sur- pluses of wheat and cotton, he described Government intervention to fix farm prices as an ‘“error which is hardly excusable, for experience has proved that such intervention can only prolong the crisis, and that these stocks pur- chased at very high prices prove very expensive to the taxpayers.” Chairman Strawn formally welcomed the delegates to this country after Pres- ident Hoover had spoken, and voiced confidence that beneficial results would flow from the gathering. The invoca- tion was pronounced by Rev. Z. Barney | Phillips, rector of the Church of the | Epiphany and chaplain of the Senate. Sesslon Scene Shifted. The sessions of the International Chamber of Commerce were transferred | from Constitution Hall this afternoon to the home of the United States Cham- ber of Commerce, where the subsequent sessions will be held until the congress is concluded Saturday. This afternoon world trade from the point of view of Europe, Latin America, the Far East and the United States. John H. Fahay, a Boston publisher, in | & general discussion of Europe-United States trade, covering the past 30 years, | declared that the relationships between Europe and America are of first import- ance to civilization, adding: “As commerce between them develops in increasing volume, its reactions are apparent in every corner of the globe.” In the course of his speech, Fahey came to the defense of the American tariff, which just last week was under fire at the United States Chamber of Commerce, “In our own country during the past year, our Congress passed a tariff act, materially increasing a number of tariff rates,” Fahey said. “Generally speak- ing, however, the extent of such in- creases was considerably less than was feared by foreign manufacturers when the first schedules were presented. Rates Higher Than Need. “Some of the rates incorporated in the new law, have proved to be higher than necessary to Teasonably equalize the difference between the cost or produc- tion in the United States and foreign countries. Commission has, after investigation, made certain recommendations to the President for decreases in rates, and these have been proclaimed promptly. “In a few fnstances slight increases have also been made. It does not ap- pear to be fully realized by the business men of foreign countries that under our tariff law as it stands at present foreign importers may place the facts fairly before our United States Tariff Commission if they feel our tariff rates on their merchandise are based upon misunderstandings of the fact or are unfair. The Tariff Commission has full authority to make recommenda- tions for changes in rates to ths Presi- dent or Congress from time to time. So far as we are aware, the tariff sys- tem of no forelgn country affords to importers a corresponding opportunity to present to government authority facts affecting the importation of their merchandise.” Aid in Stabilization. Fahey sald that while the govern- ments can do something to bring about greater stabilization of international trade in the future, only partial assist- ance can be expected in that direction. For many years to come, he said, it seems that “wise action for the preven- tion of a dangerous inflation and ex- pansion must depend upon the move rapid extenslon of real knowledge of business science among business men and financiers.” In the end, he said, success will be secured through organized effort on the of business men of all nations, and the cordial co-operaticn of govern- ments. Ambassador Davila of Chile, discus- and American civilizations, the latter personifying the highest developed cap- talism. “Possibly the Congress will adopt a hypocritical liberal resolution, camou- flaging the real purpose—not to permit the power over workers to slip out of the directors’ hands. It is necessary | that we carefully watch the newest | The United States Tariff | Factories to Use Smoke Screens in Foiling War Planes By Cable to The Star. PARIS, France, May 4 —Smoke screens for factories will be an innovation in the next war, as shown by experiments made in the French textile district at Tourcoing, near the Belgian frontier. ‘Two nozzles placed on the roof ot a factory ejected opaque smoke which in 3 minutes formed an immense cloud a mile square and completely obscured the plant from airplanes. A part of the experiment was to ascertain how toxic gases act in peace times when inadvertently spread from chemical plants and menacing populations in the valleys, as oc- curred recently in Belgium and in Northern France near Lille. It is thought that emanation of most_toxic gases can be pre- vented by securing better com- bustion by means of the steam pyramid method and by prehydro- genation. (Copy:ight, 7931.) sing the situation from the viewpoint of Latin erica, said that the ex- ports of southern republics to United States and Europe had fallen sharply with a corresponding fall in | their buying power. The way in which nations individually and generally have met the world crisis, he said, has been “chiefly by frantic rush for legis- lative panaceas—enacted in haste and repented at leisure—in a mad policy of ‘devil take the hindmost.” Chile itself, he said, has attempted to cope with the situation by balancing her budget, but that nationat measures of this nature do not constitute a so- lution for the world problem. Promotion of Spirit. “From this assembly there can cer- tainly come forth no advice,” he said, “but this assembly can be a basic factor in the promotion of a new spirit.” Ambassador Davila said that it is to | such business groups, rather than to governments, that the world must look for_a solution of its economic ills. Other speakers this afternoon were | Jean Parmentier of France, former member of the first and second Com- mittees of Experts for Reparations and director of the Credit Foncier de France, who discussed the movement toward a European economic union, and Ken- kichi Kagaml, Japanese shipping mag- | nate, who discussed the silver problem ;:nd‘ its effects on the trade of the Far ast. Interdependence of Nations. Kagami, saying that he proposed to confine his survey to the limited field of what concerns Japan and her rela- tions with other countries in the Far East, declared, however, that the na- tions of the whole world are interde- pendent, and that universal tariff bar- riers contribute to disturbed econpmic conditions. “No country in this world can make a consistent challenge against this tariff problem, but there is no doubt whatever, flow of commodity imports constitute stumbling blocks to any revival of the world’s trade situation.” Japan’'s principal problem, he said, is her relations with China, which country, if “properly developed and or- ganized,” will contribute to the progress and prosperity of the world. China’s trouble lies in her silver standard currency, with its “violent fluctuations,” the speaker sald, adding that if ways and means can be found for a “practical scheme of stabilization,” not only China, but all the countries of the world will be helped. Preliminaries last night included se- lection by the organization's governing dy, the council, of Franz Mendeissohn, German, grandson of the famous com- poser, as new president of the interna- tional group. Mendelssohn, a - private banker, will address the congress by radio from Germany Saturday. The council decided to pass on to the congress a resolution approved by its Executive Committee for international action toward stabilization of silver values. Citing the adverse effect of the fall of silver prices on Chinese pur- chasing power, it recommends “to all the governments which hold stocks of silver, or within the territories of which silver is produced, or which can influ- ence the price of silver through their monetary policies, to enter into imme- diate conversations with a .view to adopting, in consultation with the gov- ernment of China, the concerted or indi- vidual measures which can be taken to moderate fluctuation and to maintain silverl n future on as stable a level as may be possible.” As the sessions got under way atten- tion was directed toward the war debt question, with the circulation of a sur- vey of the present situation by the Foreign Policy Association. An expec- tation has been apparent in Washing- ton that foreign spokesmen now might take advantage of the opportunity to edvocate reduction or cancellation of debt, payments. ‘The Foreign Policy Association re- port, prepared by Prof. James W. Angell of Columbia University, said a long continuance of world-wide business dullness may force this country to re- consider the whole debt question. What views speakers at the meeting will take was not known, but it was known the Hoover administration at present has no intention of altering the insistence on the present agreements for payments from abroad. . Fire Damages Patuxent Steamer. BALTIMORE, Md.,, May 4 (#).—The Patuxent River steamer Bertie E. Tull was badly damaged early today by flames which started in the engine room and swept through the upper decks. demonstration in §Vashington. A e The 100-foot oil burner was tled up at > \ FALL SEES PARDON AS ONLY HOPE NOW ‘Interior Ex-Secretary Says He Will Not Again Appeal 0il Bribe Case. By the Assoclated Presi THREE RIVERS, N. Mex.,, May 4.— Albert B. Fall looked to President Hoo- ver today for a pardon as his only ave- nue of escape from a sentence of & year in jail and $100,000 fine on conviction of accepting a bribe from E. L. Doheny, oil man. ‘The former Secretary of the Interior announced yesterday he would not again appeal his sentence by a District of Co- lumbia court in which he was found guilty on charges growing out of the leasing of naval oil reserves. Wire Sent Attorney. “My attorney, Mr. Frank J. Hogan,” he said in a formal statement, “pre- sumably reached Washington today on his return from a two-month absence in Europe. I am wiring him not to proceed further in the matter of my appeal to the Supreme Court, but to leave any further proceedings in the hands of my friends, to be handled by them as they have been doing, directly with the President. I am stating to Mr. Hogan that in the event of remote contingnecy of a reversal of my case, I could not undergo the strain of another trial ~without very probably fatal results.” Petitions have been circulated by friends in New Mexico and elsewhere asking a presidential pardon for the Harding cabinet officer. The District of Columbia Court of Appeals recently upheld Fall’s sentence. | The next step would have been appli- catlon to the Supreme Court for a writ of error. Attitude on Pardon Passive. Mr. Fall, interviewed at his ranch here after action of the Court of Ap- peals at Washington, said his attitude toward a presidential pardon was large- ly passive. “I am an old man,” he sald. “I am not guilty of the crime of which I was accused. I have fought until I am worn out, and considerations for my family impel me to carry the fight no further.” He said he had no money with which to pay the fine and explained he had lost ownership of the ranch on which he lives when a mortgage was foreclosed several years ago. NOTICE NOT RECEIVED. Office of Attorney Without Word on No Appeal. The office of Frank J. Hogan, attor- ney for Albert B. Fall, early today had not received notification from the for- mer_Secretary of the Interior that he would not again appeal his conviction of accepting a bribe from E. L. Doheny, oil man. Hogan, who has been in Europe, is :xpecud to return today to- Washing- on. Fall was sentenced to a year in jail and & fine of $100,000 in the District of Columbla Court of Appeals. Pending an appeal, the mandate committing him to prison was stayed 30 days in addition to the regular period of 15 days. CHINESE EXPECTED TO ABOLISH PACTS AS PARLEY FAILS (Continued From Pirst Page.) appointees of Chiang, to declare inde- pendence in those provinces. In so doing, the leaders mccused their sup- posed chieftain of aspirations inimical to the interests of the revolutionary | I government and demanded his over- throw. - Juomintang conservatives, who are carefully remaining behind the scenes, today phophesied their movement was destined to spread throughout the na- tion, if the generalissimo declines to heed the “real voice of the Kuomintang and the nation.” BRITAIN DENIES COLLAPSE. Foreign Office Declares Negotiations Are Continuing. BY NEGLEY FARSON., By Cable to The Star. LONDON, England, May 4 —The for- eign office declared today that the dis- cusions with ‘hinese government on extraterritoriality have not yet broken down. The British still hope the Chinese will grant the chief demand for four areas around Hankow, Canton, Shang- hai and Tientsin to be considered re- served areas, in which there will be a long transition pariod from the present position of foreign jurisdiction over their own nationals to complete Chinese control. Shlgplnl is of vital interest, as ves- sel ying_foreign flags are now in- violable. If the Chinese proposed 12- mile limit becomes oparative, crews and cargoes will become subject to Chinese ]ur!.sd}cmm. SCommisht, MDA i JAPANESE LINDY ON FLIGHT TO U. . Yoshihara Cheered by Thou- sands as First Leg Is Made From Tokio to Numasaki. By the Associated Press. TOKIO, May 4—With the White House at Washington his ultimate des- tination, Seijl Yoshihara, the “Lind- bergh of Japan,” was at Numasaki, 368 miles north of Tokio today. The first stop of a 6,268-mile flight to the United States. His route lles along the Kurile Islands, extending northeastward from Japan, and the Aleutians to Alaska, thence down the North American ecast to San Francisco. He planned to makc about 20 stops for fuel and supplies en route to San Francisco. If successful, the 27-year-old fiycr will deliver to President Hoover mes- sages of good-will from Premier Wak: tsuki, Minister of Communicatirn: Kolzumi, Seiji Noma, Japanese m: zine king and principal backer of the flight, and Mayor Nagata of Tokio. Yoshihara began his flight fiom Tokio amid the cheers of tens of thousands. The start was made after ceremonies in which princes, govern- ment officials, United States Ambass: dor W. Cameron Forbes and other dip lomats participated. Mr. Forbes bade the flyer ed and aasured him of & warm ‘weleome at all American points he would touch. After the formalities and speeches were concluded, Yoshihara took a =i of sacred sake, a rice wine, from Meiji Shrine handed him by a Shinto priest A band played the national anthem, “Kimigayo, d h k off. NUMASAKI, J: , May 4 (#).—The first leg of a projected transpacific flight from Japan to the United States by way of the Kurile and Aleutian Is- lands was completed today by Beiji Yoshihara, ing Japanese aviator, when he landed here at 8:25 pm., (1:25 a.m. Eastern dard time), a 368-mile hop from Toklo. Yoshihara's ship is a light all-metal Junkers seaplane with an open cockpit and no radio apparatus. Seijl Noma, Japanese publisher, is the aviator's prin- cipal backer. Thomas Ash, jr., young American flyer who is in Japan plan- ning a non-stop flight to America, said it would be “almost a miracle” if Yoshihara succeeded, but wished the Japanese aviator good luck. Yoshihara replied in kind, extending best wishes to Ash and adding, “But I fear he never will succeed.” an SLAYING OF GIRL STUNS SAN DIEGO Victim, 22, in Fourth Murder Found Stabbed 17 Times. Police Hold Suitor. By the Assoclated Press. SAN DIEGO, Calif, May 4.—The death of Hazel Bradshaw, who at 22 years of age, was the principal sup- port of her mother and nine brothers and sisters, stunned this city today as the fourth of a series of murders. Her body was found yesterday with 17 stab wounds in it, lying near an adobe wall of the Indian village here. M. E. Garrison, 35 years old, her suitor, was held for questioning. Although her slaying was the fourth in recent weeks, police declared there was no link between her death and that of 10-year-old Virginia Brooks, whose body was found March 11; that of Louise Tueber, hanged two weeks ago, or that of Mrs. Dolly Bibbens, strangled in her apartment. No clues have been found to the slayers of the other three. Shortly after Miss Bradshaw’s body was found, Garrison, a steward in th~ comm| department of the Sen Diego Arizona Rallroad, for which Miss Bradshaw worked as a telephone operator, walked into police headquar- ters and said: “I hear that Hazel is dead.” ‘The man admitted he had been wit!. Miss Bradshaw Saturday night. “We went to two movies together,” he sald. “We generally did that on Sat- urday nights. Then we walked through the park, past the merry-go-round and the Indian village to her home. I left her at the door at 11:55 p.m. and saw her enter before I ran to catch my street car home.” Police said they were not satisfied with Garrison’s story. Officers said Mrs. C. A. Bradshaw, Hazel's mother, did not hear her daughter come home. Police said there were two discrep- ancies in Garrison’s account. Garrison said he had bought candy for the girl, but the coroner’s autopsy showed that she had not eaten during the evening. Her watch, stopped apparently by blood, registered 9:43. “Herbert Collins, a taxicab driver, told police Garrison resembled a man he had taken with a girl to an apart- ment at 1:30 Sunday morning. They were quarreling, Collins said. No knife was found. A bottle found & dozen paces from the body containe & small amount of wine. A man's handkerchief had been stuffed into the girl's mouth. Miss Bradshaw's father is in Pensa- cola, FI where her eldest brother, Charles, a sailor, was shot to death last December. The Bradshaws came here five years ;m from Loban, W. Va., their former ome. D. C.-VIRGINIA L'NE HELD AT HIGH TIDE BY SUPREME COURT (Continued From Pirst Page.) a brief entry closing the case, as fol- lows : “This case was heard upon the peti- tion and the return thereto, whereupon it is adjudged that the return is insuf- ficlent and it is ordered that the peti- tioner be discharged.” Shockey was arrested about two months ago by police of the seventh precinet and entered a petition for s writ of habeas corpus, which resulted in Justice Stafford’s dismissal of the case. Jurisdiction Held Lost. Though the finding applies only to the Shockey case, it is the opinion of officials at the Court House that the result will be a turning of police au- thority in the tract over to Virginia, with jurisdiction in the Virginia Fed- eral courts. Crandall Mackey, Shockey’s attorney, declared that more than 100 arrests police in * head” trac made illegally and the victims have the right to sue for false arrest and for return of fines paid or forfeited. Ransom, Sent for Missionary. tations. seekicg the. o e e ns see e rele _ Oscar_Anderson of the Swedish Luth. eran Mission, who was abducted ang taken to Kingmen April 17. left hem today, taking $10,000 Mexican and.g supply of medicine and flmul*‘ sy USRI