Evening Star Newspaper, May 3, 1931, Page 30

DAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. O, MAN 3, 1931—PART. TWO. i THE SUN — —_—_— {THE EVENING ‘With Sunday WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY.... «s.May 8, 1831 STAR Eaition. THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor i st e A A The Evening Star Nun;:p'r Company 13 N Pensivanta Ave e Gorl: cago O T A B ice: opean Office_ 1 Siectig St England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. . Btar. 45¢ per month 44 b B Bt Breslg Satmi dii T Kening sod Suiday Bt ey montn Binday Bar ... BC_per col tecti B te by Mail—Payable tn Advance. o Saryland and Virginia. . t ¢l ea m in by mall of + 88¢ T 171, $10.00; 1 mo. Bullz nfy 7545600 1 mo. Soc unday only {1yr, $4.00; 1 m All Other States and Canada. ity Member of the Associated Press. ated Press is exclusively ertitied !u%‘mmnr Tepublication of all news dis- patches credi e it ar not otnerwisd cred: ki per and also <" Al 1ehts of publication o l’,‘,‘.cl:'."fi.{:h“ Berelflare’ R0 1eserved. 98¢ ai new: Corrupt Practices. The Nye Senatorial Campalgn Investi- gatinig Committee is to open hearings tomorrow on proposed revision and strengthening of the Federal corrupt practices act. For years the Senate has investigated alleged excessive ex- penditures of money and corruption in campalgns. It has probably brought about the defeat of senatorial candidates through its revelations and thrown ghe fear of excessive expenditures into others. It certainly prevented the seat- ing of two Senators-elect, Frank L. Smith of Illinols and Willlam 8. Vare of Pennsylvanis, who won election at the polls in their States in 1926. But despite all this inquiry work and not- withstanding millions of words published in the newspapers and in the records of Congress regarding the prostitution of the electorate, no remedy has been brought forward and pressed to a suc- cessful conclusion in Congress. The Nye Committee is to be congratulated be- cause it 1s to give serious attention to the subject of preventing corrupt practices, whether they be the ex- cessive use of money in campaigns, the promise of office or more direct cor- The job of the Senatorial Investigating the most garden-minded cities in the country. This is as it should be. Not only has the Nation’s Capital excellent natural advantages which make garden- ing second nature to its inhabitants, but the presence of the Department of Agriculture and related bureaus gives emphasis to the work. The informa- tion which is available to citizens of the United States everywhere through means of the so-called Farmers’ Bul- letins end similar publications of the department is even more easily secured by residents of the District of Columbia. The heritage of beauty which helps to make Washington a natural bower in Spring and Summer is a constant stimulus to the residents; the happy re- sult is that home owners throughout the city are constantly striving to bet- ter their lawns and foundation plant- iIngs. Much remains to be done, how- ever. There are still hundreds of poor grass plots, house lots bare of shrubbery. o0 | Even in the suburbs, where it might be thought every home owner would be a gardener, many unrealized opportunities for floral beautification exist. Undoubtedly the awards proposed by the Garden Committee of the George Washington Bicentennial will help waken the dormant garden consclence of these citizens, so that they, too, may join in that occupation “for which no man is too high or too low.” The prizes offered should prove a stimulus in the right direction. e For Mothers and Children. It is an encouraging sign that the sweet symbolism of such events as May Day and Mother's Day is being turned to account, and that both dates have come to mean something more than dancing around a May pole and sending pretty posies, with accompany- ing messages supplied by the senti- mental telegraph companies. It will be vastly more encouraging when the ex- cellent form of propaganda in behalf of mothers and children, based gen- erally on the significant dates, begins to show the results in store for it. There remain some problems in the fleld of public health, as well as in many other flelds, for which no solu- tion has ever been found. But the problems of reducing infant mortality, of providing proper facilities and sur- roundings for safeguarding health of children, of reducing maternity death rates, are problems that do not be- long within that category. The solu- tions have long since been found. The only problems are those of applying the proper solutions. Government in dealing With COTTUPL|yych 4y peing done by enlightened practices in elections, and at the same | ..y nities to safeguard the health time stand the scrutiny and test of the | . we)l being of thelr children. The courts, Senator committees, including good resulting from such great enter- the Nye Committee, have discovered| rieq a5 the White House Conference that much of the trouble lies in the oy Gpq welfare is ‘incalculable and primary campaigns, the campaigns in gathers increasing momentum. The tions.” No single one of them, the Chamber of Commerece executive con- tends, is attributable to business leader- ship. All are lald st the feet «of political regimes. Leaving aside the probability that in many of the “political violations” cited by Mr. Barnes business men are willing beneficiaries of Government arrange- ments, he renders a public sérvice in calling attention to the growing ten- dency of the state, here and abroad, to compete with private business. The sole business of a government is to govern. When Chief Justice Marshall, in his decision in McOullough vs. Mary- land, lald down the historic doctrine of the “implied powers” of the Constitu- tion, he did not remotely contemplate that the United States should become butcher, baker and candlestick-maker, even though it had a right to be a banker. The politiclans have been saying pretty loudly that American business must quit expecting the Federal Gov~ ernment to get it out of the depression mess. Between the lines of Mr. Barnes’ brief for the defense is to be read a willingness on the part of business to accept its responsibilities, provided pol- itics keeps it meddling fingers out of the pie and lets “America’s fundamen- tal faith in voluntary co-operative effort express itself.” ———— The Sylvan Theater, south of the Monument, is to have its own modern lighting system, with footlights, spot- lights, colored lights and everything. Now all it needs is a loud speaker whence may issue that clarion call, “Is Dr. Whoosis in the audience?” vt President Hoover switched on the lights of former Gov. Smith's new sky- scraper in New York. The Governor's admirers may be hoping that he will touch the button that turns on the waters at the Hoover Dam a few years hence. ————— Reports come of a drought in the desert section of Arabia, Palestine and Iraq, with battles fought at the wells for the few drops of water they sup- ply. This makes the American dry spell of 1930 seem like a tame perform- ance in comparison. Down in chivalrous Virginia the high- way authorities combine praise of the charms of the Dominion’s fair daugh- ters with warning to her susceptible motoring sons. “Soft shoulders—keep off!” runs the wayside slogan. B e Washingion's guest book for April .| included the King of Siam, s prince and princess of Japan, a Colorado boy hero and some two hundred thousand or so American visitors. A pleasant time was had by all. e These aviation record breakers must bear in mind that the public’'s memory which the party nominees are selected | chiet danger of such self-congratula- | for details is short and it will soon be for the Senate races. ‘The question 15 tion, nowever, is that too much of it will | impossible to recognize a distance, or ralsed whether the Federal Government has the right really to enact laws re- lating to primary elections in the States. It has been denied that the Federal Government has such authority. But not, apparently, conclusively. The Nye Committee will undertake to frame a law which will give the Government authority. 40 lay down rules and regu- lations governing the primary. In many of the States of the Union the “Democratic, or Republican primary is in effect the election, This is true in Southern States, where the Demo- cratic is predominant. It is true in Vermont, in Pennsylvania and in some of the Western States, for example, ‘where the Republicans control abso- lutely. It seems particularly futile, therefore, to say to the Federal Gov- emment: You may make rules and regulations regarding the conduct of the general elections, but you may not touch the primary election where it concerns a Senator of the United States or a member of the House of Repre- sentatives. The Constitution provides that “each house (of Congress) shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members.” ‘The Constitution provides also that “the times, places and manner of hold- ing elections for Senators and Repre- sentatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations.” Nev- ertheless, opponents of Federal regula- tion of primary elections insist that this language of the Constitution gives Congress no authority by law to regu- late party primaries for designating candidates for the Senate. The case of Truman H. Newberry, former Senator from Michigan, whose election was challenged because of alleged excessive expenditures in the primary and general election, was car- ried to the Supreme Court of the United States. The decision of the court In that case has been held to prevent legislation by Congress to regu- late the party primary. But there are those who deny the correctness of such an interpretation of the court’s action. In that case four of the justices dis- sented from the opinion of the court and one justice withheld his final de- cision of the question whether Congress could enact laws to regulate primary elections for senatorial nomination. This Jjustice, however, concurred with the findings of the court that the case had not been properly brought. There seems, under the circumstances, to be room for the Nye committee to inquire vigorously into the matter of regulating primary elections as well as general elections by Congressional act. —_—————————— THe world pauses in its work to note the bulletins from the bedside of little Michael of Rumania, once a king, now just a prince, whose lliness is a matter ©of universal concern. ——es Garden Awards. ‘Indicative of the thorough preparas tion which is being made for the George Washington Bicentennial celebration, the Garden Committee of the commis- sion has announced that seventeen sil- wer trophies will be awarded in connec- tlon with beautification for the event in 1932, Communibles in Washington and contiguous territory in Maryland and Virginia will compete. The prizes will be competed for this year and next and possibly in 1933. They will remain in competition until won twice by the lull an interested public to apathy. Apathy and fallure to know the facts are the only logical explanations for the deplorable conditddns existing in the United States regarding maternity death rates. As some one has aptly said, we lead the warld in the number of telephones, automobiles and bath- tubs, tallest building®, paved roads, the most expensive system of elementary education—and in the mortality of mothers in childbirth. As a Nation we are tremendous- ly proud of the fact that a back- woodsman, due to the marvels of sclence, may press a switch and listen in on the latest music, the best music or the finest speeches wherever made, but we are too apt to overlook the equally amazing fact that the same backwoodsman may leave the tre- mendously importdnt task of bringing his children into the world to a mid- wife who believes implicitly in the ef- ficacy of wild boar'’s teeth, fried rats, hog-foct ofl, mustard seed thrown on the threshold or three nails driven into the door to keep the evil spirits out. ‘Taking a small section of the crowded tenement district of New York City as its laboratory, the Maternity Center Association reduced the maternity death rate in that section by two-thirds, and made it the lowest in the world. On some future Mother's day the boundaries of this laboratory will be those of an enlightened nation. ———— ‘With both national and international chambers of commerce looking into things, some way out of the business de- pression should be found. —— e Politics vs. Business. Big business is not inclined to take Iying down the politicians’ charge that it 1s business leadership which has falled the world during the economic crisis of 1920-1931. It says that the boot is on the other foot. At Fri- day's closing session of the annual United States Chamber of Com- merce meeting in Atlantic City, occasion was found to place the blame for the slump where business evidently thinks it belongs. An important portion of the blame is assigned to high tariffs and their reduction is advocated. ‘To Julius H. Barnes, chairman of the chamber’s board of directors, was assigned the task of presenting the defense of business against the accusa- tion of incapacity. He proves to be an able counsel. Broadly, he asserts that “it is not lack of business leader- | ship, but political violations,” which have strewn the normally flowing waters of commerce with destructive mines and deflected their course into the channels of depression. Mr. Barnes bristles with brass tacks. His indictment of statesmen and gov- ernments for substituting politics for “business judgment” is long and world- wide in its scope. He instances the invasion of the wheat and cotton markets by the United States Govern- ment. He narrates how the buying power of great Oriental nations has ibeen paralyzed by dumping India's silver reserves upon the world. He tells of Great Britain'’s machinations in rubber; of China's economic paral- ysis through political civil wars; of Brazil's attempt to control coffee; of Chile’s operations in the fleld of nitrate; of Cuba's activities in sugar; of Japan's interest in the silk trade, and, anally, of Soviet Russia’s “auto- cratic suppression of the natural duration or altitude achievement as an exceptional performance. ———r—— It is the duty of every Washing- tonian who meets up with a visitor to explain that the destruction of old buildings now so much in evidence is a sign of progress toward the ideal Capital city. Perhaps King Prajadhipok of Siam would have been even more warmly welcomed in America if he had a name as musical and as easily pronounced as his father, the late King Chulalongkorn. Four gondolas are being put into commission on “Twining Lake,” better known as the Tidal Basin. How are our local gondoliers on “Santa Lucla” and “O Sole Mio"? ————— King Prajadhipok seems to have had a good time in our midst. Where is the Weshingtonian who does not hope he comes again soon and stays longer? R Spring has really come at last. The DO-X has started again. — ey SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. ™'~ ¥ Tllusion. Unrest awaits us everywhere; Howe'er our course is set, You think elsewhere the sun and alr Are always better yet. On mountain top or by the ses, By woodland or the beach, You think that “Somewhere-else” must be The spot you long to reach. And still you make the old mistake ‘Wherever you may roam. You sing about it, yet forsake The place called “Home, Sweet Home.” In vain your fancies are inclined To wandering quest of cheer, For, “Somewhere-else,” you'll always find, Becomes plain plodding “Here.” Figures of Speech. “You are expected,” said the serious adviser, “to work for the interests of the Nation and not solely for your own constituency.” “Yes,” replied Senator Sorghum. “Times have changed. Formerly when Summer came around I was supposed to ‘mend my fences’ Now I am ex- pected to burn my bridges.” Jud Tunkins says the most fun about going fishing is talking about it in a way that makes people who have to stay home and work jealous. Autocrat Ignored. Oh, wherefore yearn for power vast? The umpire’s word is always last; And yet, amid the strife so grim, Nobody says “Hooray” for him. Pride. “So you don’t want your son to be an artist?” “Certainly not,” replied Mrs. Cumrox. “When we want pictures we can afford to buy the best without using anything homemade.” Theory and Practice. “The simple life should make a hit!” 80 said the busiest of men. “It's well to rest awhile and quit The strife with dollar, sword or pen. T've not found time to try & bit. Ot simple life since Heaven knows when; same community. Lawns and plantings | aspirations and ambitious energy of [ Bt I find time to mention it end grhss strips between trees will be Judged, contests to begin on May 1 each year and be terminated on September 1. ‘This by the Garden Committee ‘Mflx:vvo vastly popular. | 150,000,000 people.” ‘tne aisastrous results which have flowed from these joint and several governmen interferences with the life of Nltus great approvs: mow and then.” “I don't care” said Uncle FEben, “how good an opinion a man has of are denounced by Mr, hisse’f, if he's honestly tryin' to de- 1§ & {ast becoming eme o6 Bemngs inclusively se “volificsl sidies swve S _ . Restricted Areas of Belief BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of Tezt: “Jesus said unto him, if thou canst believe all things are possible to him that believeth. And straightway the father of the child cried out and said, with tears, Lord, I believe, help thou mine unbelief” —St. Mark, ir.23-24. In His dealings with men and women, the great Master always reck- oned with their limitations. There are few, if any, instances in the Gospel where He was repelled by the limita- tions of a man's faith. In one in- stance we read, “He could there do no mighty work, because of their un- belief”” Even God Himself cannot re- sist closed duors. It was only where unbelief was unwilling to give Him the smallest place of vantage that His beneficent work was rendered impotent. ‘That He recognized the limitations im- posed by environing circumstances, training,. etc., is clearly evident. He always showed solicitude and sympa- thetic understanding for those who were consclous of the restricted areas of their belief. A ltfiklrm instance of this is dis- closed in the case of the man who brought his demented son first to the disciples, only to meet with faflure at their hands, and then to the Master, Himself. It was an extreme case of need and the father's presentation of his son’s case was a last resort after many bitter disappointments. peal to Jesus was couched in language that implied an element of doubt. L thou canst do any hay implies confidence in the h g power of the Great Physiclan. The situation presented was a critical one and im- mediately evoked the tender sympathy of Christ. Turning to the father, He sald, “If thou canst bellevé, all things are possible to him that believeth.” It was an appeal for at least a partial belief in His own supreme healing power. One may imagine with what readiness the afflicted father cried out: “Lord, I believe; help Thou mine un- belief.” It was the expression of an honest man, one who yearned to be- lieve and yet discovered within him- self the limitations of his faith. Washington. in all other instances where sincerity characterized an appeal, though ac- companied by a restricted faith, the Master granted the petition. Obviously, in every case an lrreduc.lblel minimum of bellef was demanded. In our methods of fde!.llngflw“.l; ’;;&F-u‘en: women, all too frequently Wi course the very antithesis of that which Christ employed. We seem to assume that whole-hearted belief is something which comes spontaneously and that any kind. It is true that now and again we discover instances where be- lief in all its maturity seems to come in en instant of time, but our experience Teads us to think that such cases are ex- ceedingly rare. The old idea that con- version to be valid must be an instan- taneous and complete surrender of life and a full and unqualified acceptance of the Christian faith, does not run true to our observation or experience. Here in the realm of things spiritual evolu- tion plays its part. Some one speaks of “‘growing a soul,” by which he means the gradual upbuilding of a strong and militant Christian faith. Donald Hankey puts it in his homely way as “betting one's life there is a God.” If we could even more generally recognize that & satisfying, peace-bestowing belief is & matter of development we should deal more speedily and helpfully with those ‘who are consclous of their limitations. Victor Hugo once said, “Every man has in him the Patmos (his acity t‘:nd yearning for the larger vision), he promontory of thought, from whose summits the depths of darkness are yisible.” Tennyson experien this in his period of great mental angulsh. He ‘was reaching out for an answer to his unsolved problem, and in his anguish he cried: “We have but faith, we cannot know, For knowledge is of things we see; And yet we trust it comes from Thee, A beam in darkness, let it grow.” It is the “beam in darkness” that constitutes our hope. - It is the under- standing, sympathetic attitude of Christ that constitutes our encouragement and our inspiration. “Help thou mine un- As “bellef” 15 the cry of a sincere soul. International Aspect of Depression to Be Discussed at Business Meetings of West BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘Washington at this week end finds itself sandwiched in between the ses- sions of the United States Chamber of Commerce at Atlantic City, which ended Priday, and the sessions of the International Chamber of Commerce, which will begin in Washington itself Monday. The community of the United States and the business community of virtually the whole of the talistic world are thus almost simultaneously showering the Ameri- can people and the American Govern- ment with discussions and resolutions. What would seem to be the central pmbn;fin outcomes of these perform- ances' In the case of the massive and com- licated deliberations of our own iness men at Atlantic City the un- derlying drift of things would seem to be toward more “inter-co-operation” between businesses, toward more “col- lectivism” of business action, and even toward the ultimate erection of a “supreme economic council” operat- ing nationally and exerting a persuasive influence over American business as an interconnected whole. * % % & Tt is well known that Mr. Julius Barnes, chairman of the board of the United States Chamber of Commerce, has been engaged in the formulation of ideas for the establishment of a “supreme economic _council” ~ever since the President first summoned organized American business down to ‘Washington at the beginning of the depression to consider measures for combating its consequences. It is not 80 well known that at that time Mr. Barnes encountered difficulties in the successful presentation of his ideas in this matter to administration officials. ‘The administration ems have feared that a sows @ ®economic gov- ernment” might be set up outside the Natlonal Government and uncon- trollable by it. Mr. Barnes was thus, in a sense, frustrated by his dear friend, Mr. Herbert Hoover. * ok kX ‘There also were, however, other dif- flculties in Mr. Barnes’ path. Should labor have representation in the “Supreme Economic Council” of busi- ness? Should agriculture be repre- sented in it? Should it be a “supreme economic council” simply of business men, or also of working men and of farmers? Should it be strictly “in- dustrial,” or should it be compre- hensively “economic”? ‘These questicns, this writer believes, are still far from solved among Mr. Barnes' advisers and colleagues. Mr. Barnes might be said to belong a bit to the “left wing” of business. The mem- bers of the “right wing,” many of them, are reluctant to accept the prospect of an “economic government,” in which representatives, for instance, of grain exchanges would have to trade views and make bargains with, for ‘instance, representatives of agricultural co- operative marketing associations. Yet, unless the agricultural element and the labor element are included in & “supreme economic council” plan, it 1s altogether unlikely that it would ever recelve the sanction and support of any national political administration of either party. Frcm the national po- litical point of view there would be more merit in the “national economic council” jed the bill entitled “‘Senate 6215” introduced into the Congress last February by Senator La Follette of Wis- consin. This bill states that: * X x K “The fifteen members of the council shall be selected by the President from lists submitted by groups of associations and crganizations representing the in- dustrial, financial, agricultural, trans- rtation and labor interests of the nited States, but not more than three such members shall be selected from the list submitted by each of such gToups. Mr. La Follette's “council,” like Mr. Barnes’ “council,” would have powers only to study and report and advise, but would be expected, through those powers, to have great influence upon national economic developments. It is anticipated that within a_short time now a subcommittee of Mr. La Follette’s Senate committee on manufactures will begin to hold hearings on Mr. La Fol- lette’s “national economic counctl” bill. It was realized at Atlantic City that in these circumstances the American private business community must exert itself rapidly toward creating some cen- tral “planning department” of its own if it is to escape from having such a department imposed upon it by legisla- tion and by public appointment. Many of the most authoritative observers here think that the Atlantic City meeting of the United States Chamber of Com- merce will finally be found to have marked the transition of American bus!- ness from the age of individualistic “hit and miss” ito the age of collectivist “plan and push.” W e A different oider of ideas will on the whole domiuate the sessions here this next week <f the International Cham- ber of Comu;crce, attended by 500 dele- Selcgates from powertul business organi- e] power! ess organi- zations in foreign countries. ‘“Inter- national co-operation” will be heavily stressed in the speeches of many of the fore! delegates, but the existing in- ternational situation brings it about that most of the “co-operation™ desired would be acceptance of soms oensfit by Europe and a surrender of wsme #i- | vantage or of some policy by the United States. Foreign speakers will monm assert, that the United States has much will that "B dakias 305 100 bled They will earnestly maintain that the debts owed to the United States Treas- ury by Euro) governments are too to the general world B ‘These views, or, at any rate, the im- Sy, s cuite, Doty opposcl b7 3 qi op) y American speakers who to be in sympathy with the attitudes of the present American Federal administra- tlon. At this point & certain amount of domestic politics will in the end in- trude itself. Democratic party publicity has for a long time expressed the con- the American Repimic. csmeeially i ican e, the matter of the tariff, have eol{uu- tuted a grievous assault upon the wel- fare of the foreign world, with conse- quent grievous to our own trade and prosperity. On the other hand, the Republican party has tended toward the proclamation of the princi- ple that the America most advan to Europe is an America maintal its own standards by its own methods irrespective of foreign opinion. ‘The sessions here of the International Chamber of Commerce will accelerate the process whereby in the next presi- dential election the Democrats will assall the Republican party as a “pro- vincial party” and the Republicans will assail the Democratic party as a “for- eigner party.” *x % A typical instance of the approach- Ing foreign criticism of the United States in the sessions of the Interna- tional Chamber of Commerce is.to be found in the report already made to the chamber by Dr. Ernst w:gemnnn,’ airector of the German federal office of statistics. He remarks that Great Britain, when she was the chief cred- itor nation, maintained free trade for imports into Great Britain, while we, having become the chief creditor na- tion, maintain a system of high pro- tection, and he proceeds to say: “The United States has ~thereby reached a stage of development which is full of contradictions, both from the international and the American stand- points, and which has greatly contrib- uted to the difficulty in the way of the international movement of goods and capital.” In sum: The American meeting at Atlantic City will forward a better central con- trol and advancement of American business. The international meeting at Washington will forward principally & better international friendly under- standing of conflicts which cannot yet be composed. (Copyright. 1931.) —————— Commerce Chamber Meetings on the Slump BY HARDEN COLFAX. ‘To stabilize business, to do away with the boom as weill as the slump, to pro- vide as fully as possible for the con- tinuance of high wages—these are the prime objectives today of American business as reflected by most of fits spokesmen at Atlantic City last week attending the meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States and now gathering in Washington for ses- sions of the International Chamber of Commerce Monday. ‘The programs of both meetings are evidence of the awakening of business all over the world to its responsibilities as_well as its opportunities. Definite possibilities of business stabilization from many angles were considered at a general session of the Atlantic City convention. Economists, business men, bankers and agricultural experts dis- cussed the situation and expressed gratification over the achievements of the President’s national survey business conference as well as the work of the Emergency Committee for Employment. Confidence also was expressed in the new Employment Stabilization Board | POse. appointed by the President. * K ok % While some American bankers have been tentatively advocating the idea of wage cutting, many influential business enterprises, including some of the most important industries and railroads, are coming out against such a policy. The head of one of the largest department stores in the country, speaking At- lantic City, gave it as his opinfon that business must adopt “a program that comprehends high wages, mass produc-l tion and mass distribution, which, in turn, brings high consumption with low prices.” The chamber named a com- mittee of executives and economists representing key industries to prepare a constructive program for continuous employment to wage earners without cutting salaries or wages. e At the same sesston Secretary Lamont made an address on the general situa- tion, in the course of which he com- plimented American industry and labor for the way in which they have both “met the crisis with a conciljatory at- titude which recognized each other's problems.” He emphasized the thought that no governmental policy, however wise; no single industry, hewever great, can promptly bring about a change in a situation such as that in which we now find ourselves. “The lever must be in proportion to the weight to be lifted,” Mr. Lamont said, “and the only lever powerful enough to lift us out of our present difficulties consists of the combined efforts of all our industries and all our people, each dom;rhu share ;U ucer and consumer. There can I Capital Sidelights without limitations or. reservations of { Geo; BY WILL P. KENNEDY. hue cry of the Progressives b e s e in whic! 'y are , AN supported by Democratic leaders, Which | portes ong fint that management Ao is causing no end of concern to the | employment in_ such periods as that regular Republican leaders seeking & |through which the United States has | way to elect a Speaker, and which has pass! caused House Leader Tilson to an- - - nounce himself in favor of liberalized rules, is no new issue in the House. g; h:"f, beer‘x‘ mns:d h{au&itwmly dur- g the entire life of gress, as for er- example in 1879, when new House rules m"fléu:&s‘h-: '."‘:Ez‘u”‘“h.’?e;":'flea were reported on December 20 of that | inquiries to individual plants and re- year by a select committee consisting | ports the surprising fact that even in of such historic characters as Stephens, | some of the most depressed industries rgia; Blackburn, Kentucky, Gar-|certain individual factories actually fleld, Ohio, and Frye, Maine. ehow gains in numbers employed. At that time the compendium of | Every industry has suffered to some rules was greatly simplified, the new |extent by the depression and men of order consisting of 45, abridged to the{every trade have been thrown out of last degree. The nine rules defining the ] otk as a result. Nevertheless, a spot- duties of Speaker were reduced to one | tiness is revealed by a careful and criti- with seven brief clauses. The rules|cal study of individual plants, - which relating to the clerk and other offi- far to su t that some employers cers were reduced to four. The rules ve been able to combat successfully to members were 8o | the inimical forces working within their for the last 18 months is contained in a survey showing that there are conspicuous exceptions to the usual story of lack of jobs. ‘The Bureau of Labor Statistics, not to go or not to go along that | ONl large to be fully paid without damage | Fla interest. relal as to facilitate roll calls. The 44 rules relating to committees were consoli- dated into two. One of the most im- portant changes was with reference to & rivers and harbors bill, providing for separate action on each clause, so as :f m);revent log rolling for appropria- * k¥ % In our “fan mail” comes from “An Old Subscriber. who ’?{-‘3;5 to have his (or her) memory refreshed how the “nickname” of “Sausage Sawyer” came to be applied to Representative Willlam Sawyer of o, In the fiftieth annives - ment, of 'The Wasningion Star, wb lished December 16, 1902, this incident is narrated by Crosby S. Noyes, who was one of the purchasers of The Star on October 31, 1867, and had personal knowledge whereof he wrote. He nar- rated that Willlam E. Robinson, “Rich- elieu” of the New York Tribune, a tall, raw-boned, sandy-haired figure, was the hero of & droll contest for the privi- leges of the press against the privileges of the House. In a “Washington Let- ter” to the Tribune, Robinson had made & pen picture of the lunch habits of Representative Sawyer, as follows: “Every day at 3 o'clock he feeds. About that hour he is seen leaving his his position in the win- of Speaker's chair to the 3 chnlnldll(rauyplru.m which is contained s chunk bread and sausage or some other unctuous n them rapldly, wipes his hands with the ';:per for a napkin, and throws it out e window. What little grease is left on his hands he wipes on his almost- bald head for pomatum—his mouth, sometimes his coat sleeve, and panta- loons being used for a napkin. H & jack-knife for a toothpick.” On the appearance of this letter, Mr. Noyes chronicles, Mr. Brinkerhoff of Ohio_moved to exclude the reporters and letter writers from the privileges of the seats and desks on the floor of the House. The resolution was adopted by _a vote of 119 to 46. John Adams, hero of many a flelds. The bureau, for the purposes of inquiry, selected 1,240 plants, typical in character, in six major industries. The R]nmet;e tcwho axgeyed{x:u chosen ':l‘th g 8 representative picture. six industries represented may all be regarded as basic. They are iron and steel, automobiles, cotton goods, woolen and worsted goods, boots and shoes and slaughtering and meat packing. The employes in the 1,240 plants surveyed numbered 884,010. The Eober: 1625, e beginntig of vhe do: 3 , the of pression an it stock d market collapse, to October, 1930, W) de lon low, indeed. G and’the. 1,240, tactonice. the.lacter s - es, the T showed that there had been a reduction of 22.2 per cent in the number of work- ers. However, against this must be set the fact that in 42 of the plants no change whatever had taken place in the number of persons em})loyed. Remark- able as this may seem in a time of such widespread industrial stagnation, it lacks the surprise element contained in the finding that in 228 plants there ac- tually were increases in employed. In 11 plants the increased employment amounted to 100 per cent or more. ‘There are some more or less freak industries which may thrive on the pe- culiar conditions arising out of depres- sion, but they are neither nor essential. arkable fact found in this survey is that in 228 plants in- cluded within the six fundamental in- dustries listed the employers found it possible to increase the number of their employes. The same price level affected them all, both as to cost of 1aw mate- rials and selling price of finished goods, yet the managers did not succumb to the general paralysis. The bureau states that in about 20 per cent of the 1.240 plants surveyed emp! conditions were actually as good or better in the low month October, 1930, than in , 1929, Management and Policy Count BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Moreover, these plants which fared so well employed 18 per cent of the total ‘workers of the 1,240 plants studied. ‘The biggest gains in number of workers employed were registered by the slaughtering and meu-ru&- in- dustry. The packers possibly wese in- duced to employ more workers as & re- sult of one aspect of the depressed jrear. ‘The drought of 1930 caused many live stock growers to send their stock to market for slaughter, because there was no feed for them. From whatever cause, 67 plants showed increases in workers in October, 1930, compared with October, 1929. 2 e textile_in- Next comes the cotton Although, as a whole, dustry has been suffering depression for more than 10 years, 57 plants increased the number of their workers. The boot and shoe industry was a close third in maintaining and increasing employ- ment, 56 factories sho . The woolen and worsted business seems to have been the bad end of the 1ts | textiles, for only 17 plants increased the number of their workers. In the iron and steal industry there was a gain in the number of workers in 16 plants, while 15 automobile factories showed a larger number of employes in October, 1930, than in October, 1929. Small Establishments Gain. ‘The survey of individual plants holds the further s that the smaller factory ‘workers on their payrolls. For example, in the iron and steel in- dustry there was only one plant em- ploying more than 100 men which showed a in the number employed, ‘whercas eight amall plants, employing only 10 or 11 men, showed increases. The same rule seems to hold true for automoblles, where plants employing up to 25 men registered increases. The small textile factories, too, give the advantage to the small factories. Obviously the larger plants have more jobs, but in these times it seems more workers are affected one way or another the smaller plants. For instance, in the -mghunu and meat-packing in- dustry five factories empl to 50 men had job changes affe men, whereas little plants employing only 10 affected 15,020 workers. ‘The whole survey tends to indicate that individual management may have a good deal to do with the continuance of employment. This does not go into the matter of took t is not shown. Perhaps lower wages produced the factor which enabled such plants to carry on and continue to provide work for their employes. What- ever the cause. these official make it clear that not every of | in the country surrendered to and turned off their helpy House anecdote, then left his seat and, the arm of Mr. Robinson, es- him to the ladies’ gallery, over the Speaker’s chair, where strangers ‘were admitted on the introduction of a member of the H Mr. Adams, Fifty Years Ago In The Star louse. And thereafter or_some other member, would, on Mr. Robinson's aj ce, fits ppearance, by the arm and accompany him to the gallery, greatly to the dis- gust of Mr. Sawyer and his friends, but 3:;:!: to the amusement of the spec- TS, In later years Robinson was elected a member of the House, from which he had been expelled. His adversary went by the name of “Sausage Sawyer” for the rest of his life, according to Mr. Noyes’ comments, * ok % x ‘The Capitol Building itself, the heart of the Nation's Capltal, from which emanates the self-governing power of the people, is not being neglected in these busy days of upbuilding, embel- lishing and beautifying the City of Washington. It is being cleaned up and dressed up for the Bicentennial celebra- tion next year. ‘The bronze statue of Freedom which surmounts the dome is being cleaned and platinum point lightning arrestors surrounding it are being replaced. This statue is 19 feet 6 inches high end weighs 12,985 pounds. It was modeled by Crawford. The design was approved ‘I;}r Jefferson Davls, then Secretary of ar. ‘The central portion of the Capitol between the House and Senate wings and the dome are being painted. The central portion will be painted to corre- spond in color to the two wings, while the dome will be done in an even lighter color, with illuminating paint to make {t stand out more when flood-lighted at pight. The effect sought is to make the dome shine at night as a jewel and to attract the attention of all the people of the country to the dome beneath which the laws are made by which the American people govern themselves. ‘The present dome is of cast iron and was completed in 1965. The entire weight of iron used is 8,909,200 pounds. The height of the dome above the base line of the east front facing the Library of Congress and the new Suprem Court Building 1s 287 feet 5 inches. The height from the balustrade of the building is 217 feet 11 inches. The diameter of the dome at its base is 135 feet 5 inches. The rotunda under the dome is 97 feet 6 inches in diameter and its height from the floor to the top of the canopy is 180 feet 3 inches. In the next session of Congress those in charge of the Capital development program_will urge completion of the Capitol Building by extending the east front of the central lon out so as to give the dome a balanced founda- tion. The original plans show that it was intended that the east front should be built out and plans have been pre- pared which are only awaiting the proper time in the Capital development program to be carried out. e Then Why Worry? From the Worcester Dally Telegram. Eventually armaments be. duced. If they are not uced in peace-time by mutual agreement, they will be reduced in war-time by mutual bombardment. N Use Found for Movie Lovers. From the Akron Beacon Journal. The movie lover serves a useful pur- . _He enables a poor wife to forget for a little while that her husband isn’t like that, sary readjustments have been and are being made and that business is even now sluggishly responding to the stim- ulus of these needed changes. What- ever were the causes of our present diffi- cultles, the corrective influences havs now been at work for many months.” * ok %k % The problems ahead of the Sixth Congress of the International Chamber this week are indicated in an advance summary of the report of the American section dealing with the trade of the past 30 years between the United States and Europe. It says “‘recovery from the detrimental effects of the war still de- pends upon the restoration of economic balances and adjustments, which were upset by war conditions, war debts, surges of nationalistic sentiment, changed political boundaries, new align- ments in industry, new walls and overstimulation in productive effort.” ‘The International consideration of the “regularization of employment wages.” In the discussion the delegates from Great Britain, Ger- many, France and Italy will consider the subject from tba viewpoints of gev- ernments, business >sganizations and the individual worker. There will be in attendance some 300 delegates from for- eign countries and perhaps 500 repre- industry in the United States, AEoomriabl. WAL < l sentatives of all lines of business and veto, but he fails to obsarve that much ‘Washington’s public schools 50 years 8go were not all they should have been in the matter of School satety and physical and Safety. sanitary safety. The Star in its issue of April 26, 1881, however, found some comfort in pointing to worse conditions in Balti- more. “An examination of a number of the public schools in Baltimore has revealed structural defects and sanitary fev"t.l;u ‘!‘n every building. The inspector of - ings in that city has submitted a re- port showing that 30 schools have but a single mode of egress, each from the upper stories. In many cases this way of egress leads through several school rooms and along narrow passages, sometimes partly filled with desks, so that in case of fire it would be next to impossible for the pupils to get out. Doors giving egress to the street are hung so as to open inwardly, and it has been ascertained that it is not an uncommon thing to keep these doors locked. Besides the danger of fire, to ‘which the pupils of the Baltimore public schools are exposed with a degree of that is remarkable, they are confined during study hours in badly lighted, illy ventilated buildings. Very few of the school rooms are provided with enough windows and some of them are so dark that on cloudy days the pupils are forced to stop their studies. Damp lower rooms with moldy walls, daily poisoning the inmates, were found in some of the school buildings. The Bal- timore papers are spurring the city au- thorities to action in regard to the school buildings, and there is promise of these defects being remedied. The school buildings of Washington are probably superior in a general way to those of Baltimore, yet they are far from being perfect and in sanitary condition and in safety from fire. Intelligent public opinion now demands the school author- ities pay more attention to the physical culture and well-being of the children and less to the mere brain-cramm! department of education.” * * * ‘The Star of April 27, 1881, refers to a practice that is still prevalent to . hing- Police gnm'e extent in Washing: “Our police force is & Escorts. institution, as every- body knows, and it can be put to many useful purposes. One of these uses, how- ever, to which it is frequently put, which is not only of no account itself, but which also withdraws the men from points where they are badly needed at the time, is the foolish habit in- di f making danger of anybody stealing and carry- ing away & regiment of artillery, a brigade of cavalry or even a division or two of infantry while marching through the streets of the city in broad daylight, especially when completely armed an equipped as they generally are. And if there were such danger, it is a re- flection upon the vigilance and bravery of the soldiers to assume, as those in power appear to do, that they are not capable of protecting themselves. The true place for policemen on such ec- casions is not in dhe procession, but stationed along the curbstone on the line of march to keep outsiders from en- croaching on the space mnecessary for proper display and to enable bystanders and particularly women and children to enfoy the p-fum in comfort and safety. ‘The folly of ‘was 8o conspicuously displayed lnd‘!.he body to see a repetition of it for at t one or two generations. Yet on on the occasion of the Tu rragut ceremonies, the same blunder | clal success of Snowden’ = 2 '.halcompleu:. ab committed in, greatly to ;(x.rlvmo and eha‘g‘rl‘n ot“nll ‘beholders. Snowden’s Budget Is Hurt by Discussion BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, May 2.—For the moment Chancellor Snowden's budget has eclipsed all topics of public discussion in England. The first impression was favorable because the deficiency of 23.- 000,000 pounds sterling was unexpectedly. small and because the general fear of & heavy increase in taxation was most agreeably disappointed. But the first impression was speedily obliterated and the more the budget is examined and discussed the more gloomy is the view taken of its provisions and implications. ‘The verdict of the weekly press is unanimously ~ unfavorable and is summed up in the Week-end Review's caption, “Apres Mol le Deluge” (“After Me the Deluge”). .= ‘The most disquieting fact on which comment is made is that a financial purist of Snowden's austerity has re- fused to face the real problem in the perilous condition of the national finances and has gambled on futures of the most illusory character in whichnh‘: present shadow of support and which, it iced in even ex] the Autumn, could have no substantial effect on the revenue of the present year. All indi- cations given by corporation returns foreshadow & declining rather than an increasing revenue. Moreover, his failure to make pro- vision for inevitable heavy supplement- ary expenditures and his astonishing omission of all reference to the ap- palling drain of the dole, which is cal- culated to swallow up 40,000,000 pounds ster] in the current year, are mat- ters of severe criticism in all the re- sponsible press. * ok ok * Nor are his methods of supplying the anticipated deficiency less severely cen- . Snowden, the most caustic critic of the raids o? his predecessor, Winston Churchill, on capital funds, has followed ing | and made worse the example he repro- bated. By manipulating the levy of the income tax he proposes to imposts for five quarters within rent year, leaving a gaping void in the finance of next year's budget, while his appropriation of 20,000,000 pounds sterl- ing from the dollar exchange fund in New York, which exists to guarantee the American debt, is denounced as an ex- ample ‘unprecedented in peace-time of raiding capital for purposes of revenue. ‘The matter is the more inexplicable because it is admitted that the re- in | sources of indirect taxation on drink, tobacco and tez, for example, have not been exhausted. Indeed, the public fully anticipated and wss prepared i« new taxation. * ok x X d | night fiight. the usage in vogue here | ‘What is the explanation of this rake's ? The Saturday Review sar- cessor will reap the whirlwind and that, like a bankrupt tenant, he does not care what damage he does to the property from which he is about to make a mid- This, of course, is a grim jest. A more probable explanation is found in Snowden’s determination to resist tariffs as a means of revenue and to consolidate the relations of the Labor rnment with the Liberal y on & ree trade . A considerable pro- tectionist element in his ownmfi:ny would have resented further i rect taxation and preferred tariffs; hence his avoidance of these resources. ** ww The left wing of the Labor pasy wants more doles; hence Snowden's ia= excusable silence in regard to that gua= ject. He has thus prevented a rupture in his own party on tariffs and secured the enthusiastic support of who, in order to save the is ting Labor and Lib- erals, the budget has apparently indefi- Are those who have the management | Ditely postponed the defeat of the gov~ of these things veritable Bourbons, who never learn anything and never forget anything?” Spinsters Are Never Aged. From the Fort Wayne h.l:wl-lmh:nd& . 5 . m 1dea is M‘t’hfily. but where could ane a - in:"’n admit such & silly affliction as age. . Citizens Are Shaken. From the St. Louts Times. Gov. Emmerson says that his mail has been all to the gcod on his recent ‘was 3o shaken that it able ¢o writs, of the citi ernment and a general election. But there is force in the criticism that | Snowden has overshot the mark and jthat by his improvident finance he has dnmmnrewlnm-seth&bnanemflll revenue tariff than any of protec- tionist opponents. (Copyright. 1931 Kings Try to Look Pleasant. From the San Bernardino Sun. Kings nowadays spend thelr time try- ing to look pleasant while their sub- Jjects talk about starting republics. e Chance for Free Advertising. From the Oakland Tribune, Any man who is fairly prominent and married can get his name on the first Ppage by spending & vacation ot Beng,