Evening Star Newspaper, March 7, 1931, Page 4

' JEFFERSON WROTE OF CIANTLIONHERE Basis of His Theory in 1746|Regiment Is Ordered to B . Was Discovery jof Bones of Sloth. | BY THOMAS R. HENRY. | Thomas Jefferson believed that mon- Btrous lions, three times the size of those found in Africa, lived in the Ap- | HARBORD DETAILED palachian Mountain forests. A sclentific paper written by the au- thor of the Declaration of Independence | in 1746 has just come to lght in’the | National Museum here, in which he |Leaders of Allies S ! présents to the American Philosophical | s Show| Soclety what he believed was convine- ing evidence of the existence of these unearthly creatures. His argument presumably was con- vincing to the soclety, which then in- cluded in its membership such men as Benjamin Franklin and Joseph Priestly, Actually, according to Dr. J. W. Gidley, assoclate curator of paleontology of the Smithsonian Institution, Jefferson bad made a momentous discovery which, if he never had done anything else, would have entitled him to fame. He had found for the first time fossil bones of the great ground sloth, then extinct for thousands of years, which was probably the weirdst creature that ever roamed over North America. It still bears the name he gave it—Great Claw or nfe- galonyx. Bones Found in Cave. While Jefferson’s argument was fal- laclous, Dr. Gidley says, he was one of the foremost natural scientists of his day. From the description, he points out, there can be no doubt that the four bones and three claws mentioned were such as would be instantly recog- nized by a paleontologist of today as those of “Great Claw.” They were sent to Jefferson by a friend who found them In & cave in Greenbrier County, now a part of West Virginia. He measured them and found that they were some- what like those of a lion, but were so large that they could not belong to any lion known to science. “What has become of Great Claw?” he wrote. “Do any wild animals of the first magnitude fix their dwellings in 2 thickly inhabited country — such, mean, as the elephant, rhinoceros,-lion and tiger? As far as my reading and recollection serve mie they do not. Af- rica is chiefly inhabited along the mar- gins of its seas and rivers. The interior desert is the domain of the elephant, rhinoceros, lion and tiger. Such indi- viduals as have their haunts near.the inhabited frontier enter it occasionally and commit depredations when ‘hunger, but the mass of the nation, I may use the term, never appear within the habitations of man nor are within reach of it. “When our settlers arrived here the Indian population, below the falls of rivers, was about one-twentieth of what it is now. In this state of tbings an .animal resembling a lon appears. to have been known even in the lower colintry. The of incre: tion soon would have driven larger animals, and the largest first. Presume It Was Great Claw. .'mmmm :xourewnu-y;h;n surely space and range el lor elephants and lons, if in this cl te megalonyxes w] e there. entire ignorance of the West and its contents ‘does not. | this time on they should abandon the ittt mane would not satisfy the figure. May ‘we not presume it to have been Great 2 w? “Many traditions are in the posses- sion of our upper inhabitants which have hitherto been considered as fables, but which have regained credit since the discovery of these bones. There has always been a story current that the first company of adventurers who went to seek an estate in the county of Greenbrier on' the night of their ar- rival were alarmed at their camp by the terrible roaring of some animal un- known to them; that he went round and round their camp; that at times they saw his eyes like two balls of fire; that their horses were so aghast with fear that they crouched low on the ground, and that their dogs crept in among them, not daring to bark. Their fires, it was thought, protected them the next morning they left the ‘This happened little more than 30 years ago. “In the year 1765, George Wilson and John Davies, having gone to hunt on the Cheat River, a branch of the Me- nongahela, heard one night at some dis- tance from the camp a terrible roaring, which became Iouder and louder as they approached until they thought it re- sembpled thunder and even made the earth tremble under them. The animal prowled around for a considerable time, during which thelr dogs, fierce on other occasions, could not be excited from their camp nor eyen encouraged to bark. About daylight they heard the same sound repeated from the knob of & mountain about a mile off, and within ® minute it was answered by & similar volce from a neighboring knob. These circumstances muitiply the positive re- semblances between this animal and a lon. “Animal Has Existed.” “The terror excited by these animals s not confined to brutes alone. A per- #on by the name of Draper had gone in the year 1770 to bunt along the Ka- nawha, He his horse loose with a bell on 1 and it had not got out of his hearing when his attention was sttracted by a rapid ringi Suspect- ing somebody might be trying to take his horse, he started to return to him and soon came in sight of an animal of such enormoussize that, although one of our best huntsmen and marks- men, he withdrew instantly and as si- lently as possible, checking and bring- ing off his dog. He could recall no more of the animal than its terrific bulk and that the general outlines were those of the cat kind. “In fine, the bones exist. Therefore the animal has existed. The movement of nature is a never ending tircle. The animal species which has once been put into & train of motion is still probably moving in that train, for if one link of nature’s chain might be lost anether and another might be Jost until the whole system of things might evanish ‘ o plecemeal. “If this animal has once existed, it s probable on this general view of the movements of nature ‘hat it still exists, and this is rendered still more probable by the relations of honest men, appro- priate to it and it alone. It would in- deed but be conformable to the ordinary economy of nature that she should op- sufficient barriers to the foo great g A powerful a l‘l’:«i stroyer. If lions and tigers multip . like rabbits do all other animal nature would long ago have been destroyed and themselves would ultimately have been e: after eating out their pasture. Hence so little is known and 80 little remains of him." Probably Was Catamount. President Despite Opposition of Russia by , Commander in France. AS HEAD OF 8. O. S. New Spirit as They| Meet to Make Plans| for Great Offensive. CHAPTER LV. ATTENDED a conference of com- | manders in chief at Gen. Foch's headquarters Wednesday, July 24, to discuss plans for offensive oper- ations. Present were Gens. Foch, Petain, Weygand and Buat, Field Marshal Haig and Gen. Lawrence and Gen, Conner, chief of operations, Boyd and Hughes and myself. There was pronounced good feeling | and confidenc:. Gen. Foch gave a resume of the general situation. He proposed no definite plan, but sub- mitted his remarks as the basis of dis- cussion. The main point was that the fifth German offensive of the year had been checked and the allied counter-offen- sive, beginning July 18, had trans- formed it into defeat, It was the gen- eral opinion that every advantage should be taken of this fact and that the allies should continue their attacks with as much vigor as possible. Reached Equal Strength. Gen. Foch said with satisfaction that we had now reached an equality in the numbers of combatants and an actual superiority in reserves. As the enemy ‘would soon be required to relieve a con- siderable number of tired divisions from the active front, the allies would rapidly gain further superiority through the constantly. increasing number of ricans. > Ame! . All information went to show that the enemy had two armies, so to speak, Foch continued, one an exhausted hold- ing army and the other a shock army, already weakened, maneuvering behind this frail front. Unquestionably we had material advantage in aviation and tanks, and to a smaller degree in artil- lery, and this would be augmented by the arrival and armament of American artillery personnel. to l?hee reserve strength behind the allies, it would soon be powerful, indeed, the rate ‘of 250,000 per month at which the Americans were pouring in could be maintained. One could sense an spproaching crisis on the enemy's fbly mot so very remote, be- the difficulty he was having in up the effective strength of his e favor e aeo was force in our favor there wi moral ascendancy we had gained by our recent victorles and his failures. Foch felt, as we all did, that the allies now held the initiative and that from cause el attitude that had been so Loy ond ;pon them and continue impcsed uj offensive without cessation. ‘mentioned & sertes of operations the different fronts which should esults of immediate importance . .These prelim- be of lmited é}- be exgcuted as rapidly le with .t‘tlne number of troops available to the allles. He then pointed out the following offensives which it was evident would be_indis] ble to later operations: The release of the railroad Paris- Avricourt in the Marne region by the French; the Paris-Amiens Railroad by a concerted action of the British and French; the Paris-Avricourt Railroad in the region of Commercy by the re- duction of the St. Mihiel salient by the American Army, which, by reducing the front, would bring us within reach of the Briey region and permit action on & larger scale between the Meuse and Moselle. Further offensives were foresesn, having in view the release of the mining sections to the north by defi- Ditely ~driving the enemy from the region of Dunkirk and Calais. With the armies working together operations could be continued at such brief intervals as to prevent the enemy from using his reserves to advantage and without giving him time to build up depleted units. No one could tell then just how far these efforts might take us, but possibly, if successful, they would pave the way for something more important in the late Summer or Autumn, which, in turn, would still further increase our advantages. Haig Agrees to Plans. No one suggested that the plans of the moment or those to follow might be carried so far as to terminate the war in 1918. Concerning the part each should pluy Foch asked expressions of opinfon of the respectiye commanders in chief as to how these or any other operations we might propose should | be_conducted. Marshal Haig gave his views and plans, which agreed with the general outline suggested, as did Gen. Petain, who wanted further to consider the possibilities, As far as these prelim- inary operations applied to the Amer- icans, they were simply & restatement of the plans we had been leading up to ever since our entry into the war. I, therefore, advised that details of | organization and supply were receiv- | ing every consideration in the prepa- ration of the American Army to do its part. T this connection I took up again | the question of obtaining artillery, and | the understending that we should have the co-operation of the French in this| respect was confirmed. ‘The progress by | the United States in the manutacture of guns was discussed and the hope ex- pressed that it might. reach a point which would enable the French to turn their attention to making sheils. This brought out the critical situstion re- garding steel. 1 nad been urgng haste {11 our home production of axtillery and | remarked that we nud ail Jeatned from experience that programs for manufac- | ::: of munitions had rarely been fully Gen. Foch suggested the importance | tanks, but we were without tan and there was litrle pect that the plant of joint production by thr British end ourselves, previously agreed upon, would provide t&m in any quantity for use in the immediate future Fixed Basis for Future. ‘The proposal thai we should devel our own tanks at home byt naught. Marshal Halg reported that the British had three brigades with 700 or 800 tanks in all, but Gen. said the French short. robably was a catamount magnified Slsordered § tions, » 7, i e ‘The Yanks in Russia. however, the hope was held ou: by both of them that they would be able to help us by the time we should need them. While this conference was primarily for the exchange of views, it decidedly confirmed the principle of co-uperation and emphasized the wisd of having 8 “co-ordinating nead for the allled forces. The conclusions agreed upon by all concerned, though more ‘or less tentative, became the basis of action for the future. The general plans definitely contemplated that the American forces would constitute an independent army. Although Gen. Petain and myself had definitely planned the transfer of the line north of Toul to American control, the demands for our divisions during April and May had been so great that this could not be done. Later, when it was agreed that the Americans should take over the sector as soon as four di- visions could be united there, the Ger- man assault on the Chemin des Dames had disrupted the plans and our most effective divisions had to be sent to the Chateau Thierry front. Thas each successive German offen- sive had brought a crisis foliowed by pressure for modification of plans and arrangements for the shipment of troops and for changes in the'r location ir France, and -eac] ad operated to delay the time when an American Army could be assembled. It was imperative that we should meet these conditions and furnish American reinforcements “to save the bsttle,” as the French put. it, although scnding our regiments, brigades or divi- sions for the purpose caused a wide dis- persions of Ameri®sr: units that ren- dered difficult their re-assembly into a self-contained American Army, now that the time had come to take that step. The worst feature was that the special shipments during the preceding three months made the organization of army corps and armies impossible without ob- taining, temporarfly at least, the French or British units corresponding to those we had omitted. 1,200,000 Americans in France. Notwithstanding these things, the situation demanded a very definite un- derstanding. The allies were resuming offensive operations, the enemy seemed to be committed to the.defensive, and we now had more than 1,200,000 American soldiers on Prench soll. The important part our divisions had played gave me every reason to press my de- termination to have our own army. It was & matter of no special importance for the moment where the necessary combat units should be assembled, whether near Chateau Thierry or else- where, as any front other than that in the northeast would probably be tem- porary. While at Gen. Foch's headquarters I arranged with Gen. Petain for the ex- pansion of the 1st Corps, then operat- ing in the Marne sector, by which four American divisions were to be placed in the line, with two in reserve. It was my hope that this would be the basis for the preliminary formation of an American Army on this front. En route to Chaumont I stopped to call on Lig- gett and apprise him of the possibility of additional American divisions for his corps. ‘The Supreme War Council was prone to listen to suggestions for the use of allied troops at various places other than the western front. One of these, on which the British seemed to be es- pecially insistent, was to send troops to help the so-called White Army in Russia, to keep open the communica- '.luml through Murmansk, in the Arch- angel. T was opposed to any such idea, as |1t “would simply mean scattering our resources, all of which were needed on the western front. But President ‘Wilson was prevailed upon to help, and I was directed to send a regiment, pro- vided Gen. Foch had no objections. As parently he had already conside tion, he gave his approval, a a regiment was accordingly sent. The 339th Infantry, Lieut. Col. George E. commanding, together with one battalion of engineers and one Mr’eIanuL were designated for this service. Wilson’s Statement. ‘The statement of aims and pur- the United States which the the bassadors Ami France and Italy a few hich ernment of the United States is to do enything that is necessary and ef- fective to win it.” The statement then said, in sub- stance, that the war could be won only by common counsel and intimate con- cert of action. It further said that our Government had adopted a plan for fighting on the western front, using all its resources; that it had put into the plan the entire energy of the Na- tién, and that it was then considering the possibility of increasing its effort, but that if this program was at all feasible the industrial processes and the shipping facilities of the associated powers would be taxed to the utmost. The reason given fof not diverting any great part of the American military forces from the Western front to other points or objectives were tha* the in- strumentalities 0 handle our army in France had been created at great ex- pense, and did not exist ':ewhere. Moreover, while the army bad been sent a great distance, it was much far- ther to any other field of actim. Why United States Entered Russia, “The United Sthies Gove:nment,” £aid the statement, “therefore very re- spectfully requests its associates to ac- cept its deliberate ‘udgment that it shiould not dissipate its forces by at- tempting important operations else- where.” & The Italian front was cens'dered & part of the line of the Western front, and the serding of troops there would, of course, be subject to the decision of the supreme commhnd. As to Russia, its was made clear that intervention was out of the question, as it would serve no useful purpos: nor of advantage in the prosecution of the war, Russia should not be usei in an attempt to make an attack on Germany {rom the East. The only justifiable rea- son for entering Russia, the Fresident sald, would be to ald the Czecacslovak- ians to consolidate their forces there and to steady any efforts at. sel{-gov- emment or self-defense in which the Russians might accept assista It was set forth that the Guvernment of the United States, by restricting its own action, did not wish to ve under- stood as seeking, even by impli-ation, to influence the action or define 1he poli- cles of its assoclates. The statement referred to the wil- lingness of our Goverrment to co-oper- ate with the allies and send a small force to Viadivostok, where th: neces- sity seemed immediate, and with the approval of the suoreme command to send anotker to Murmansk to gu stores and make it safe for Russian forces to come together in the North. It was also set forth that solemu assur- ance by the governments united for ac- tion should be given the people of Rus- sla that no interfererce with her politi- cal sovereignty, intervention in internal WooDWARD l My Experiences in the World War BY GEN. JOHN J. PERSHING, Commander in Chief of the Amn"iccn'ExpeflilioMry Forces. e - Now the American troops were flooding into France. | aftatrs or impatrmént of territcrial in- tegrity was intended. Artillery Was Needed. The statement gave no assurance that the 80-division project had been adopt- | e in fact it implied some doubt whether such an extensive plan could be carrled out. It did, however, no doubt put an end to the importunitics of our allles to send rican troops here and there, and cont the attitudc that I had taken—that the war must be won on the Western front In view of the prospect for the early assembly of corps and divisions to form our Army, it became urgent that the organization be hastened with all possible speed. The outlines had been determined and members of the 1st Army staff were at work on the de- tails. Several questions pertaining to final organization and composition had to be at once decided and directions given to the staff. Due to concessions during the Spring and Summer, we now found ourselves, as already noted, short of elements necessary to make a well balanced com- bat army, and it became necessary to call on the French for the temporary loan of artillery and other arms. My formal order creating the first fleld Army was issued July 24, to take | effect August 10, with headquarters at | La_Perte-sous-Jouarre. | Immediate consideration was given the improvement of the general supply system. Although the recent reorgani- zation had helped, it had been my pur- pose for some time to make changes in personnel in the S, O. S, particularly in the position of chief, which de- manded great administrative ability. After much thought the choice fell to Gen. Harbord. His knowledge of or- ganization, his personality, his en be | and his loyalty made him the outstand- lose his ing , choice. Reluctance to services in command of troops, where he had shown himself a brilliant leader, caused me to delay until his division could be relleved (ro:l the active front. * K K * Tomorrow-Pershing objects to hav- ing Goethals sent over to head Service of Supply. 1031, In_ail countries by the n Newspaper Allisnce, World rights Teserved, inclyding the Scandinavian. Reproduction in whole or in part prohibited.) BUS HEARING AGREED Date to Be Set for Voice on Sub- stituting Cars on F and @ The request of the Capital Traction d | Co. for permission to substitute bus for street car service on F and G streets west. of Seventeenth street will be con- sidered at a public hearing before the Public Utilities Commission probably in the week of March 22. A definite date will be set at the commission’s meeting Monday. & LoTHROP 107 U™ F awn G STacsre Presenting Marie Barlow’s ILLUSION Exclusively Here in Washington ILLUSION is the marvelous new cosmetic crea- tion which quickly produces that glorious, flaw- less beauty of complexion heretofore attainable only by tedious routine treatments. $2.50 the jar. Miss Ann Kesselman —beauty specialist and special representative of Marie Barlow—will be here March 9th to 14th, to tell you of Illusion and help you with your beauty problem. 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