Evening Star Newspaper, February 22, 1931, Page 27

ENDING OF “LAME DUCK” SESSION STRONGLY URGED Will Make Congress More Responsive to WASHINGTON side, which necessitates haste and lack of proper consideration. During the last few days of any session any group of members in the Senate who may wish to organize to prevent legislation have the opportunity to do so, and fre- quently the temptation is great and may be prompted by laudable motives and by a sense of public duty and Te- sponsibility, but it is likewise capable of much harm when abused. *D People, Says Senator Barkley in Radio Address. The text of Senator Barkley's address Iast night on “Lame Ducks and Con- gress” in the National Radio Forum, arranged by The Star and broadcast over a Nation-wide hook-up of the Co- lumbia Broadcasting System, follows: Ladies and Gentlemen: Through the courtesy of The Wash- ington Star I have been asked to dis cuss the so-called “lame-duck” amend- | ment to the Constitution of the United States which has been pending before | Congress for many years. and which, in one form or another, has been under consideration by Congress ever since the formation of the Government. Before discussing the situation which | ves rise to this amendment it may worth while to discuss the origin of the date, March 4. as the beginning of presidential and congressional terms. It will be remembered that the Con- stitutional Convention which met in Philadelphia in 1787 to amend and strengthen the Articles of Confedera- tion, under which the new Government had been operating, had on September but the framers intended that the new Congress should assemble reasonably soon after their election. | As the Constitution fixed a two-year | term for Representatives, four years for | the President and six _years for Sema- | tors, and the 4th of March was fixed | as the beginning of their terms. which was later ratified by law, and as the first Monday in December is the con- stitutional date for the assembling of | Congress, and as no mere statutory en- actment of Congress can eure the defects | to_which this system has given rise only an amendment to the Constitu tion can bring this system into harmo; with the manifest intention of the con. stitutional fathers and with the mani. fest needs of a modern parliamentary | government. Hopes It Is Adopted. The Senate has overwhelmingly voted on several occasions in recent years to submit such an amendment to the| States, and the proposal is to be voted | on in the House of Representatives be- | The short session also places entirely too much ))O"el‘ in a small group of members of the House of Representa- tives, by giving into their hands the power to determine what, or whether any, legislation shall be considered dur- ing ‘the whole of the session. No such autocratic power should be lodged In the hands of any half dozen men In any parliamentary body that €alls itself free. The evils of this whole system have been and are being manifested in the present session. The whole Con- gress has been compelled to work at high speed and with a nervous tension which are - incompatible with careful and deliberate consideration of impor- tant problems. all because everybody has had his eyes on the 4th of March, when we must quit, whether through or not. At best our work will be in- complete, and while for personal rea- sons practically every member would wish to have a long vacation of nine months, it is almost incomprehensible that the American people have so long perr.itted a system which sends Con- gress home for nine months in the| midst of conditions which might de- mand important legislative action, but which cannot be had unless the Presi- dent wants to call Congress in extra session. It is no answer to this to say that the people may need a relief from legislation. It is only another step to NATOR BARKLEY. ernment sion. All of our 48 States elect members of their Legislatures in November, ex- cept Louisiana, which elects in April, and Maine, which elects in September. that they be called into ses- 17 of that vear submitted to Congress !fore the adjournment of the present |In Louisiana they are elected in April and meet the following May. In Maine a draft of the new Constitution. Con- | gress by resolution submitted it to the | several States, with a proviso that the ratification of nine of them should be sufficient to establ h the new Govern- ment under the Constitution, and that when these nine had so ratified. then Congress should fix a date for the election of a President and for the be- ginning of proceedings under the new Constitution. The Constitution was submitted, the various States selected delegates to a State convention for the purpose of considering it and one by one the re- | quired number passed resolutions of | ratification. These nine States were | Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, | Georgia, | Connecticut, Massachuselts, | Maryland, South Carolina and New Hampshire. The other 4 of the orig- | inal 13 ratified subsequently. The | ratification of New Hampshire, the | ninth State, occurred on June 21, 1788. Fixed Election Date. | On September 13, 1788, about three | months after the required number of | States had ratified, the Congress, still operating under the old Articles of Confederation, proceeded by resolution to fix a date for electing a President and for the organization of the Gov- | ernment under the Constitution in the | City of New York. | It fixed the first Wednesday of the following January as the date for the appointing of electors in the States, which should have by that time ratified the Constitution. It fixed the first Wednesday in February as the day for the electcrs to assemble in, their respec- | tive States and vote for a President; and it fixed the first Wednesday in March following. which was the first | Wednesday in March, 1789, as the date | for commencing proceedings under _the | new Constitution, in the city cf New York, which was then the Capital of the Nation. ‘The first Wednesday In March, 1789, happened to be March 4, which was | purely an accident. Frim September 13, 1788, to the first | ‘Wednesday in March, 1789, it was neces- sary to elect members of Congress, who were to assemble for the first ses- | gion under the new Constitution. It was necessary to choose _elec- tors, who were to elect a Presi-| dent, and it was necessary for thoce elect'rs to meet and choose & President. They accordingly met on the first Wednesdyy in February and elect- ed Washington as President and John Adems as Vice President, and both of | * them, together with the newly chosen Congress, were supposed to begin pro- | ceedings under the Constitution cn the first Wednesday in March. But a quo- rum of the new Congress did not arrive | in New York until about April 30, and instead of Washington being inaugu- | rated on March 4 he was inaugurated on April 30, 1789. “ ‘ Intent of Framers. The Constitution provided that Ccn- | gress should meet at least oncs each | year, and that unless it fixed a different | date’ the mesting should oceur on the first Monday in December. | There can be no real doubt that what the framers of the Constitution intend- ed was that the new Congress and not the old onme should meet in December after their election. Throughout the de- | bates on this particular phase of the Constitution this intention is clearly wn. For instance, a suggestion was | made that May instead cf December | should be the date of assembling Con- | gress in order that the latest advices from Europe might be at hand, but this suggestion was defeated on the argu- ment of Mr. Randolph that the time with which the elections of the national representatives would no doubt be made to coineide, would suit better with De- cember than with May. If it had been the old Congress who were to assemble the dates of their election would have been immaterial. The fact that Decem- | ber was chosen as the date for the con- vening of Congress because the time | suited better with the date of their election shows not only that it was in- tended that it should be the new Con- that ghould assemble in December, RESORTS. EE Alaska this summer.Visit this topsy- turvy land where the sun shines at midnight — where the lure of gold still lingers—where flowers grow, in a riot of color, to double their ordinary size . . . ANADIAN NATIONAL STEAMSHIPS + HOTELS Congress. I sincerely hope that it may | they are elected in September and meet be adopted there and sent on to the States for their ratification. | There are so many reasons why this change should be made that it would be impossible to give them all in detail in the time at my disposal. I have fa- | vored this amendment ever since I have been a_member of Congress, and even before that. When I oame to the House of Representatives, in 1913, one | of the first measures I introduced there was a resolution submitting such an amendment as that now under discus- sion. But no such amendment proposed by either the Senate or any member of the House could ever secure the priv- ilege of being voted on in the House until in the last Congress the House voted on a similar Senate resolution, although it should be said in justice that the Judiciary Committee of the House in previous vears had reported such a resolution with a favorable rec- ommendation. the following January. In Florida they are elected in Nov ber and meet the following April, while in Georgia they are elected in November and meet the following June. In all the other 44 States the Legislature is elected in No- vember and meets the following Jan- uary. In none of the 48 States does the Legislature wait 13 months to assemble after its election. In Georgia it assem- bles within seven months; in Maine within four months; in Louisiana within one month; and in all the cther 44 States within two months. 1s there any reason why the Congress of the United States should be held back for more than a year after the people have selected its members? To make such a contention is not only absurd on its face, but is an actual denial of repre- sentative government to the people of the entire country. Under this system we may have, as Lincoln said, govern- ment of the people, by the people and One of the chief reasons for the change which I am suggesting is that a newly elected Congress does not assem- ble to bring into effect the mandate of the people until 13 months after it is elected. It is inconceivable that the framers of the Constitution were moved by By such &bsurd notion when they | convenient or an independent Congress, set in motion the machinery of the new Government. While it is true that they | Defeated Congress Holds On. withheld from the people the right to | The result of this parliamentary sit- Ll o e P Umited. Btates |uation is that a defeated and repudi- e e in arder no doubt. that the | ated Congress still hangs onto the job for the people.” but we must wait 13 months to begin it, unless the President should see fit to call Congress into extra session, which no President ever does unless he s compelled to, because most | Presidents prefer to occupy the stage alone rather than share it with an in- say that the people might well exist without a legislative body and that the | autocracy of the dictator is, after all, to be preferred to the will of the people expressed through th-ir chosen repre- sentatives. Favors Amendment. ‘Therefore I favor the amendment to the Constitution which I have been dis- cussing, "because It will restore what was manifestly the original intention of the framers of the Constitution. It will make Congress more immedi- ately responsive to the will of the peo- | ple, which is the object of ail self-gov-| ernment. It will remove the autocratic power | of a few men in the House and make | unnecessary the further limitation of debate in the Senate. It will remove the temptation of re- pudiated members of both branches to shape their course in a post-mortem session by “bending the pregnant hinges of the knee that thrift may follow fauning.” It will afford ample time for real de- liberation on measures of transcendent importance and will bring our parlia- mentary procedure in line with modern methods of legislation throughout the world. It will go far toward gestoring in the people that confidence in their legisla- tive methods and the integrity of their Government which is essential to the full enjoyment of liberty. It will bring into greater harmony EBRUARY The President’s Two Years (Continued From Fourth Page) dispute was not particularly a Hoover achievement, but it chances to adorn his_term. The Government's gnbargn on ship- ment of arms to Mexftan revolutionists undoubtedly saved incalculable blood- shed and economic distress in Mexico at_a time when some approach to stability there was being achieved. Mr. Hoover’s attitude in Haiti and Nicaragua has been constructive, with the obvious desire and intention, partly realized, to reduce active supervision by the United States to the vanishing point. Toward the Latin American nations where revolutions have taken place he moved quickly to give this country’s moral support to What ap- peared to be the will of the revolting peoples. Opposed B. I. S. Adherence. He believes in his country's formal participation in the World Court, but was not satisfed of the wisdom of link- ing the United States officially with. the Bank of International Settlements. His first decision was based on a concept of world-wide concord with universal formulas, his second decision arose from the fact that, for the present, the world bank exists primarily, if not exclusively, for the liquidation of European affairs. The United States finds itself with all its debt agreements completed, those with France, Germany and Austria having been signed during the Hoover administration; it finds itself an active it was; yet glories in its tasks, for he is a man made for big jobs and many of them. He works almost passjonately to move things along. He rather wighes that they would let him alone so he could go ahead and do things. And he doesn't understand Capitol Hill. As a presidential anecdote puts it, with a touch of whimsy, Mr. Hoover and a friend were once in the moun- tains, a burro carrying the pack. The burro became obstinate and was hauled and prodded and finally soundly be- labored. “And that” commented the friend bitterly, as he gave the beast a wallop, “is what you get for being a burro.” ——. HAVANA WOMEN TO AID IN GOVERNMENT OF CITY Buffragists to Be on Deliberative Counecil—One May Be Named to Educational Board. By the Associated Press. HAVANA, February Zl.fi’l‘h. hand that rocks the cradle will help rule Havana. ‘The Cuba, Old-worldish but fast be- coming New-worldish, that is distinctly an innovation. Cuba has long believed woman's place is in the home. Under the new federal district law, transferring the government of this city to the central authority, however, the SANDWICHES EXAMINED AS 160 ARE MADE ILL South Dakota Chemists Analyze Food at Farm Sale—Victims Expected to Recover. chemists at the University of South Dakota yesterday to Jearn why 160 per- s were made 11l icians at Brookins and FI 1 said nearly all had recovered suf- ficiently to be dismissed from hospitals. Similar reports were made by doctors here and at Bushnell, 8. Dak.. and Lake Benton, and Pipestone, Minn., who treated others of the group. The food poisoning at first was be- sl i lieved to have seriously affected six of ELKTON, 8. Dak. February 21.— |the victims. However, physicians ex- Sandwiches and coffee served to & crowd | pressed confidence that all would re- of 500 farm sale were examined by | cover. STEAMSHIPS. STEAMSHIPS. LY Every Tuesday, 6 P. M., from the ort of Baltimore...a Merchants & g’liners ship...new, large, luxurious, with a capacity for three hundred passengers . . . sails for JACKSONVILLE and MIAMI Aleisurely cruise over southern seas, warm and sparkling...a restful salt-air trip. Fri- day sailing to Savannah and Jacksonville. All.expense tours $81 up: sgustine, West Coa Miami and many others % Special - Feb.24 Made to order for the tf tickets to all points. Autos participant, or a welcome consultant, | Woman’s Suffragist party will have its in all international meetings in Wwhich | representative on the yet-to-be-consti- it has any interest, and, somewhat to | tuted deliberative council. It is believed | its surprise, it begins to suspect that no | a woman will also be named to the ocean 1s quite wide enough té isolate | Board of Education. These develop- this Nation from the ills or blessings ments will occur next Tuesday. common to all the world. | _ Semi-editorially, Heraldo de Cuba, The dislocation of balance of inter- | Spanish language newspaper, said to- naticnal payments, as the bankers | day: steadily emphasize, is one of the prin-| “It (the law) contains a novelty, cipal impediments to a recovery of in- | whose consequences in the sphere of | ternational trade. To that extent the | politics and public morals remain to be war is not yet over. seen. Looked at coolly, it is a fair enough “We rejoice at woman's presence in record and filled with whalesome effort | the two deliberative bodies, just as we |and practical accomplishment. Mr. | rejoice at their occupying all positions Hoover is not his own best spokesman, | where their tenderness, their common and criticlsm which he too often con- | sense and their tendency toward con- |strues as personal makes him a little | servatism * * ¢ may bring to bear laconic on the defensive, when facing, | the thoughtfulness and justice which for example, the reguiar newspaper | rules in the well regulated home.” conferences. —— - BANDITS SACK TOWN | i i | FOOCHOW, China, February 21 (). | —S8everal hundred outlaws were report- Manner Is Eager. Gossip to the contrary, there 15 noth- | ing unfriendly in his attitude; he smiles | easily, the left side of his mouth twist- |ing up a bit wryly. But, as he stand [there, a half-smoked cigar held care- | c3,in, Ningtel dispatches today to be [ fully ‘behind his back, the smile which | phitec 1€ (8, S uEhe T, Tiien, Fronnce: |curves his iips and deepens the lines of | j3ce his face so attractively seems somehow | The reports said Ningteh, & town 50 never to reach his eyes. He seems a|miles northof here, had been ransacked little like a man who feels himself at |}y 400 brigands, who had staged an sil- a disadvantage and resents it. But the | nigne orgy of Killlng and looting. The moment that he reaches the frankness pandits plundered shops and burned of direct, personal contact, his manner | vty Bugin o ®6 L UNE U areds of carried $31.25 and up. Ask for new folder Apply 1338 H Street, N.W., Washington “Tired Business Man"'! Personally Conducted; not a detail to worry about. Leave Baltimore Tuesday February 94th; Havana- Miami; 16 days, all neces- sary expenses, only $217. S TRANS. CO. SORED by twe great travel zations, the Conard L Frank_Tourist Co. Fift delightful travel for u linle as $590. (125 reservations at about $12. a day). The rate includes comprehensive pros gram of shore excursions — drives, dex, hotel expensex, ete. 12 countries visited, including Ma. deira, Spain, Alger Italy, Monte Carlo, Holland, Denmuark, Norway, Sweden, Scotland, Belgium, France. Prompt reservation advisable. Send for Senate might be somewhat removed from direct contact with or responsi- bility to the people, they provided not | only that members of the House should | = | be chosen directly by them, but that |Prise worthy of they should be chosen often, in order that they might be held to account fre- quently for their stewardship to the people. To ascribe to them the inten- tion of withholding from these Repre- sentatives the opportunity to enter upon the discharge of their duties for 13 months after they are chosen is to dim the luster and dull the wisdom which crowned their efforts in forming the most wonderful Constitution ever framed by the brain of men. Finds System Unresponsive. Buch a system makes ours the most immediately unresponsive legislative body in any eivilized nation in the world. It makes it necessary for mem- bers of Congress to become candidates for re-election before th:’y have taken their seats or begun their duties or made any kind of legislative record as a re- sult of their previous election. No such | condition exists in any other parliamen- tary government. In Great Britain if Mr. Ramsay Mac- Donald’s government should fall to- morrow, and the King should be unable to designate a prime minister who could organize a government from the opposi- tion, an election would be held for mem- bers of the House of Comomns, and the newly elected members would assemble within a few weceks as the direct rep- resentatives of the people who had chosen them and carrying a mandate to enaet their will into law. During the past SBummer I was in Germany, and I heppened to be there just two weeks before the German elec- tion following the dissolution of the Reichstag by President von Hinden- burg. On Scptember 15 more than 34,000,000 German citizens voted for members of the Reichstag, arnd they were required to assemble in Berlin in November following their election in September as members of the German Parliament. Only about six weeks elapsed between their election and the assumption of their duties, Procedure in France. In France members of the Senate are elected for nine years, and members of the Chamber of Deputies for four years, and both bodies must remain in session not less than five months in each year. It is their custom to meet the first Wed- nesday in January of each year. Under this system both chambers are called into session immediately after their election, and even when they are in vacation one-half of the members of both_houses may demand of the gov- RESORTS. Of Ronmtance and 7o/¢ Here is the land that inspired Jack London—that has drawn men like a lode- stone. Here, still are the romantic land- marks of the vivid and unforgetable past. Travel ona luxurious Canadian National | for one whole session after its defeat |and repudiation. No parallel can be | found to this in either government or business. There is not a private enter- investment in the | United States that would retain its en- | tire force in operation for four months aftergfinding it wholly unsatisfactory in the pfrformance of its duties, and there is not a private enterprise in the whole country which, after firing one set of employes, would wait for 13 months be- fore allowing the new set to begin work. If no private business would tolerate |such a plan, why should the people’s | business be compelled to tolera.e it? In every congressional |in" every " presidential election there is usually some outstanding con- | dition or issue upon which the people |are called on to pass. They are ex- | pected to register their will by accept- |ing or rejecting the theories of those |who submit themselves as candidates. | Candidates ought to be encouraged to reveal to the people their views on im- portant and vital questions of policy nd principles in government, and when the people, after full discussion and consideration, have passed upon those policies and those principles by choosing one set of men and rejecting | another, there ought not to be such & | postponement of fulfilment that those | Who are elected may grow indifferent or forgetful of the platforms upon which they have been chosen. Such a system |15 not permitted in a State Legislature {or even in a city council. Why should | the Congress of the United States, sup- - e geneee ot tred sty wr- | F The Greenbrier| | vant of 120,000,000 people, sit on a log = _ and Cottages White ! the conceptions of Federal, State and local government, which, after all, are all ordained alike that organized society may enjoy an orderly progress and the people may feel & pride in the processes by which this is accomplished. In short, the change ought to be made, because it will be in the interest of promptness, efficiency, responsibility The people all over the Nation de- sire it. The press in every State, with few exceptions, has urged it. The American Ba: Association, made up of conservative lawyers from all parts of America, have repeatedly indorsed it. “he complexity of our modern legis- lative system requires it. .The voice and the conscience of progressive and enlightened men and women demand it. Let us have it. election and —_— — Coconut at Launching. Substituting a coconut for the tra- diticnal champagne was a feature of the colorful launching recently of a ves- sel near Bombay, India. A large gar- land of flowers was hung over the bows. Then a of men painted | 2 huge swastika, the symbol of good | luck, on the hull. As the ship glided | down the slipway & coconut was broken ainst the side. | RESORTS. | WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, W. VA. | and whittle for 13 months, while its Sulphur Speings, . F. predecessor, - defeated, repudiated and 3 e held to be’faithless, remain in session V) Masepen Marsh 2 for at least three months to pervert and | reproach the will of the people? Effect on Filibusters. Another cogent and compelling rea- {son why this condition should be |changed is because it would not only |abolish the short, or so-ca'~d “lame duck” session of Congress. fr~ 11~ rea- | sons already suggested, bui i. 1 _uld re- move the power of a few men in the Senate to engage in filibusters against legislation at the end of the session. At present the last session of any gress meets on the first Monday y & or 0. Ry.—Just an Just overnight and propriety. | becomes at once eager and ready, with a touch of wistfulness. It is likely that he has found the Presidency not quite what he thought RESORTS. _____ ATLANTIC CF A Double from §7 ROSCOE J. TOMPKINS, Manager For many years of The Blackstdne, Chicago GALEN HAL ATLANTIC CITY ~ Encellence Without Ext: @ooD FOOD * Speclally attra Winter e rates for Teservation. up. PER DAY sslucwuuu 'BATH AND ALL MEALS FIREPROOF GARAGE ATTACHED LY LUDY.M B ccmber after ganother one has {chosen. It must adjourn automatically {on the 4th of the following March, | whether business is completed or not. During this entire three-month session it_must work with a stop-watch at its RESORTS. SOUTH CAROLINA— s_from Historic Charles. olia Gardens. 30 miles of teresting_oid Camden. Eastover, 8. C. Mrs ALL. 1° steamer through the thousand miles of the famous Inside Pas- sage...past fascinating islands —glaciers with their glittering feet in the sea—snow-capped mountains you can almost lean out The entire trip may take as little as ten days from Van- couver to Skagway and return. Illustrated booklets and com- plete information asto through train service from this office. TELEGRAPH 'OME to Alaska tains . . . and daisies, and touch! ka, up at the roof-tree of Lake Atlin . . . or down Yukon to Dawson City. GEO. L. BRYSON, 901 Fifteenth 8t. N.W., e A ...AND BANFF ENROUTE is summer. Rainbow mou ‘meadows of poppies . mignonette, and pansies large as coffee cups. Often, its June-summer sun suggests you take a Spanish diesta. Romantic—paradoxical—primi e. .. Alas- the world. Stroll through native villages . . . study grotesque totem poles, buy artistically woven Chilkat Indian baskets. From Vancouver, go up the greea * Princess Liner. At Skagway there ide passage” on a the rail trip to the rapid waters of the Spend @ sweek at famous Banff Springs Hotel—in the Canadian Rockies Lose Fares—Pacific Coast Exeursions—May 15—Sept. 30. Write for Tel. National 2333 € For full information: C. E. 14th 8t . EXPRESS RADIO . PHELPS, General Avent, o e or Ao WA Wasn. Banff. Pacific Coast Tours, Alasks, and Conducted Tours Folders. CANADIAN PAcIFIC Ask for Tour A4 persons homeless. dawn, mated at $1,000.000 Mexican | $200.000 at current exchange rates). | TOURS. | Europe and Mediterranean | 250 all-expense Pirst-class hotels. days. $790. Send for booklet. M. FERGUS PROCTOR, 2415 20th_St. N.W. OPPORTUNITY to join personally conducted small party visiting Kurope. _Sixty-day trip. All motor travel. References exchanged. For details, Address Box 225-S, Star office. tours, Small parties. 26 das, 3235, to 80 ONLY §: Sailing June 19, 1981 S. 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