Evening Star Newspaper, January 27, 1931, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY. JANUARY 27, 199V, | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ‘{THE EVENING STAR - WASHINGTON, D. C.. TUESDAY......January 27, 1931 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor an Bullding. o, 14 Reent St. Londcn. ‘Ensland. the City. 45c per month ar 60c per month 5¢ per month Sc per copy the end of each month. n by mail or telepnone ‘Rate by Carrier Within fag Star. ... Ry ity S Th e nday St . Catetlos made gAllo\nl 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. E:HY :’;\ b Sunday. 1 yr., $10.00: 1 mo., 85 unday” only .. $6.00: 1 mo. $4.00: 1 mo., 40c All Other States and Canada. ly and Sunday..lyr. $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 iy oaly 1yr. $800: 1mo. 75c undsy only yr. $5.00i 1mo. 50 Member of the Associated Press. e Associated Press is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred in this oaper and also the local published herein. All rights of publication epecial dispatches herein are also rese yio ST = . | Government by “Agreements.” There should be some definite and | clear-cut understanding as te the nature and status of so-called “agreements” was raised against the.omi- nous statement which came from the government’s chief spokesman. Mr. Churchill emphasized that he was act- ing for himself alone and not in the namé of the Conservative party as s group. His typically opposition thunder- bolt does not appear to have produced any noteworthy echo. Of far more im- portance was the benediction ‘pre- nounced upon Premier MacDonald’s straight talk by Sir John Simon, & Liberal leader, whose commission sur- veyed Indian conditions with X-ray thoroughness and whose report was largely the basis of the round table's recommendations. The Labor govern- ment is entitled to conclude that it has a united Britain at its back in deter- mining to apply the strong arm in India. Meantime, Gandhi is again at liberty, He was spirited away from Poona prison in the dawn of today. As he left, he startled his late jailers with the affirma- tion that “I expect to be back here within two months.” If that is a signal that the Mahatma has no intention of abandoning his crusade against the British “oppressor,” the stern words that rang through Westminster Hall only a few hours before presage troublous times in the realm of the rajah: - The Dry Democrats. entered into between members of sub- committees on District appropriations | and the District officials called before | these subcommittees in connection with | local appropriations . | If such agreements are to be con-| strued as binding those responsible for | initiating and changing important poli- | cles in Government administration in | the District. and accepted as legisla- tlon expressing the will of the Congre: they represent a notable departure, in- deed, and ex e an important effect upon the affairs of the people of this | community. 1t agreements as to the use of appro- priations, which have the effect of set ting up new policies or abandoning old ones, are to be entered into between Dis- trict officials and the members of con- | gressional subcommittees behind the | closed doors of committee rooms, there | is obviously no good purpose served by | the procedure now generally followed, | which consists in bringing proposed leg- tslation to the floors of both houses of Congress for a vote. Government of the local community might as well be| transferred to secret committee rooms | and the interpretation of the agree-| ments left to personal correspondence between the parties thereto, with the public more or less left out in the cold. The present controversy between the Board of Education and Representative Simmons, chairman of the House sub- committee on District appropriations, concerns the status of such agreements and should be examined thoroughly as to its merits by both houses of Con- gress. In this case there seems to have been an “ _reement” between the sub- committees on appropriations of House and Senate and the school officials as to the policy to be followed in retaining or closing kindergartens. It developed, after the adjournment of Congress, that | the so-called agreement was so indefi- nitely understood by the school officials that lengthy correspondence was neces- sary to clarify, in the minds of the school officials, what the other parties to the agreement had in mind. As the Board of Education was not made a party to this agreement, it used its own good judgment and discretion in carrying out its so-called terms. It refused, after conducting lengthy hear- ings, to close the Webster underage kindergarten. Citizens appearing in protest against such closing cited its value in Americanization work. This valuable work was ridiculed by the House subcommittee on District appro- priations as being a “nursing” job dur- ing which the pupils are incidentally taught to say “papa and mama,” which observation writes a fairly accurate commentary on the amount of thought that was represented in some of the arbitrary provisions of the “agreement.” Under the circumstances the Board of Education acted within its rights, and certainly represented the wishes of the taxpayers, when it made its decision. 1If agreements are not translated into legislation, it is difficult to give them, by any stretch of the imagination, legis- lative status. And if they have no legislative status they do not bind those who have not committed themselves to the agreement. And as agreements are at best questionable and indefinite methods of indicating the will of Con- gress, they should be dropped altogether. Secret agreements affecting the inter- ests of the community have no place in | its government anyhow —————— ‘The confidence man used to content himself with the humble savings of a visitor from the country. He now goes after highly sophisticated prospects ca- pable of yielding $100,000 or more. The Strong Arm for India. Once upon a time, while the British Labor party was merely a militant mi- nority, its leader, Ramsay MacDonald, who confessed genuine with India’s aspiration for self-government, warned it not to build illusory hopes on Britain’s readiness to scuttle out of the country. Mr. MacDonald intimated that anything savoring of outright re- volt against legitimate British authority would, and should, be resisted. Yesterday in the House mons st London the Labor premier re- affirmed the principle he laid down when he addressed himself to the In- dian situation half-a-dozen years ago in the capacity of a private Member of Parliament. Rising to defend the far-reaching scheme for a federated India, recently devised by the round table conference, Mr. MacDonald warned the Indian Nationalists in solemn tones that they must negotiate peacefully with Great Britain, or run the risk of encountering cold steel and hot shot. Barring amicable dealings for creation of & new status in India, the premier declared, “British soldiers must be marched from the Himalayas to Cape Gormorgin to subdue by force not only India’s massed millions, but also the spirit of the times.” If the British Em- |drys can keep the wets fighting among of Com-| A revolt ef dry Demecrats from the South against the party leadership which would nominate a wet candidate for President and adopt a moist, if not a wet, plank, in the party platform, is rowing. How eflective it will be 1e- mains to be seen. At present its spokes- men seem to be the newly elected Sen- ator McGill of Kansas and the newly appointed Senator Morrison of North Carolina. The Southern Democrats ia 1928 were also dry. The prohibitionists at that time appeared to be more firmly in the saddle than they are today. Yet the party nominated an out-and-out wet as it siandard bearer. He was overwhelmingly defeated at the general election. That is the argument which is being used by the Southern drys now in their statements declaring against the selection of a wet candidate next year. It is well understood, however, that other issues played a more im- pertant part than prohibition in the last presidential election, despite the claim of the drys. With the country prosperous, it was a foregone conclusion ! that the Republicans would be victors in that contest. How successful the dry Democrats will be in their drive to prevent the nomination of a wet is problematical Much depends upon how united the wets in the party show themselves to be behind a single candidate. In 1928 there was a single outstanding figure, Alfred E. Smith, then Governor of New York, behind whogn the wets of the party rallied almost to a man. The situation for the wets is different now. Smith has joined the list of defeated Democratic presidential candidates. Whule many cf his friends would like to see him renominated, there are many members of his party who are strongly opposed to such a course. The wets have centered so far on no single candi- date for the nomination. Gov. Roose- velt of New York has his backers, but 50 have Gov. Ritchie of Maryland, Owen D. Young of New York, Newton D. Baker of Ohio, the new Democratic Senator from Ohio, Mr. Bulkley. If the themselves over a presidential candi- date they may be able to bring about the nomination of a compromise candi- date, perhaps a man with an “open mind.” It seems to be the only chance for the drys, for the preponderance of opinion among the Democrats of today seems to be for revision or repeal of the eighteenth amendment. This wet and dry issue has caused the Democrats a great deal of grief in the past. It is painful matter to some of the older Demogratic Senators that the issue should be brought so prominently to the fore by two of the “youngest” members of the Upper House. They do not like to contemplate a future with t! party divided again over prohibi- tion. Rather, do they look forward to a split in the G. O. P. on this issue. One thing gives these anxious Demo- crats a bit of hope. Senator Morrison, while he urges the nomination of a dry Democrat for President, at the same time predicts that the South next year will cleave to the Democratic ticket, even though the choicé for the presi- dential nomination be not as dry as the South would like to see. The fate of the Democratic leaders who led the bolt from Smith in 1928 hangs heavy over the heads of the dry leaders todsy. And Morrison was one of those who, though dry in sentiment, remained faithful to the Smith-Robinson ticket in 1928. S —— Wise business men declare that an improvement in financial conditions is sure to take place. The unwise specu- lator will continue to try to guess ex- actly when the permanent improvement, unquestionably due, will begin. iR The Red Cross swings into its work with the rapidity of a well equipped and experienced organization. It is an ex- ample of modern efficiency well worth considering. e Pass the Safety Bill! Once more the Senate has taken up| the calendar for consideration and once more has the Capper-McLeod safety responsibility bill for motorists been passed over because of an objection. This bill, which is sponsored by the | American Automobile Association after |an intensive study by a body of ex- perts from every section of the country, is used in principle in twelve States and in the Province of Ontario, Canada. 1t Ras successfully run the gantlet of | the most exact scrutiny by legislatures interested in the vital subject of sweep- ing from the highways the reckless-in- solvent motorist and has met the test of experience. More than one-third of the motoring population of the United States is operating under it and more than one-half of the population of Canada. Despite this impressive record and the fact that it passed the House of Representatives unanimously and is now in its final stage in the Senate, ob- pire should refuse to approve the prin- ciples accepted by the round table con- ference, Mr. MacDonald 2dded, it weuld “provide & spectacle name and fame very low, indeed.” vhich will bring our | jection to its pascage. | sioners of the District are whole-heart- jection has been made when it has been | reached on the calendar. Wt is difficult | to understand the basis for such ob- The Commis- T Churchill, rising from the Conseérvative | the fundamental of which is merely to benches, insist that the reckless minority of mo- torists, after conviction, be forced to provide financially against future acci- dents csused through their own care- less. operation of their cars? argument can be used against a that protects the ent victims motorist’s wrong-doing and does such a way that the motorist who does no wrong need never kgow that such a law is on the statute bdoks? If the bill does pass the Senate at this session it will have to be started all over again and the National Capital will be the loser. It is the earnest hope, therefore, of those interested in the wel- fare of the city froma traffic standpoint that the merits of this legislation will be studled by those in the Senate who have objected to its unanimous passage. If it does not pass on the calendar it prob- ably will not pass at this session. The time is too short to allow much hope that it will be taken up in the regular course of business. these circumstances, it should be given renewed consideration by those who wish to provide the District with the best law of its kind that has yet been devised. ———— Back to the Courts. Despite the progress made during the past year or so by America’s young tennis stars, Doeg, Lott, Van Ryn, Alli- son and others, the prospects of cap- turing the coveted Davis Cup Trophy ‘rom France in the near future appear dim if Rene Lacoste is serious in his ‘ntention again to resume play for his native country. Possessor of what has been characterized as “perfect tennis technique,” this slim young Frenchman, after dazzling victorles over “Big Bill” Tilden and “Little Bill” Johnston in 1927, dropped more or less out of com- petition due to illness. His startling triumphs over what were then con- sidered the world's greatest players stamped him as the future holder of the game’s highest honors. America has not seen the Davis Cup since Lacoste, ably supported by his teammates, swept through all opposi- tion. Vainly, with Big Bill Tilden ag- ing rapidly in so far as tennis was con- cerned, the United States has sought to bring the trophy back from over- seas, but so far without success. Since Lacoste's virtual retirement, other French stars have filled in the gap and each year America’s best has been re- pulsed. The United States this year will have a young team, Tilden having forsaken the amateur game for moving picture work. If Lacoste sticks to his inten- tion to return to the courts, it will re- quire almost superhuman effort to re- gain the trophy. While there is life, though, there is hope and it is up to the representatives of this country to prepare as never before for the next series of matches. — e Those who entertain the public are made to figure conspicuously in stories of what is known as the wild life. They make startling publicity, but cannot be classed as what experienced managers would call even fair presswork. Congress does its best, apparently, to be enlightening, sometimes even enter- taining. But there is nothing it can do that will make the idea of a special session rank in popular estimation as “an extra added attraetion.” ] There might have been an advantage if the Wickersham report could have started out as did the Einstein theory with the assurance that nobody was expected to understand all of it with complete precision. —_— et Homicides of all varieties continue to occupy public attention. The mind, eager for sensationalism, can pick its favorite kind of crime with as much deliberation as if the owner were se- lecting dishes from a bill of fare. o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Home Search. When a man with a gun gets the neighbors on the run ‘There’s no place like home! When they're searching, just for fun, for home brew, although there's none— It's time for folks to roam. ‘When an agent uses TNT To open a lock, instead of a key, And a stranger says, “Come along with me"— ‘There’s no place like home! When they're asking what you've got in the plain old coffee pot, There's no place like home! ‘When they stop to take a shot at the milk that's boiling hot, ‘With the baby we must roam. For anything that’s liquid doesn’t count as food; If you let it stand, the alcohol will soon intrude. When life is little other than a moon- shine feud, ‘There’s no place like home! Comprehension Overwhelmed. “Weren't you indignant when your adversary said thet vou didn’t under- stand the subject under discussion?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I admitted the fact. He had been talking for two hours and I defied anybody to understand it.” Jud Tunkins says daylight is growing longer, so that staying up all night to have a good time maybe won't be quite as exhausting as formerly. Reward of Thrift. ‘The best reward of Thrift, If you will heed it, Is giving folks a lft Who really need it. Forbearance. “Would you kick a man when he’s down?” “No," answered Cactus Joe. “The truth is I wouldn't kick a man even when he's standin’ up. However much I may dislike 8 feller, I haven't any grouch agin' his hip flask.” “Great magnificence of attire,” said {Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is | prompted by the vain hope that the vestments and jewels will be mistaken | for the man himself.” Guessing Contest. | The slayer said: “These numerous clues Which should attract you and amuse, | I'm sure you will appreciate And call my ‘Guessing Contest' great! continuance of friendly negotiations, on | edly behirid the measure, as are the Com- the contrary, would “bind India to'missioners’ Advisory Traffic Committee brella,” said Uncle Eben, “whether he Great Britain by bonds of confidence.” and many local civic organizations. Quly the strident voice of Winston What objection can there be to a law “When you lends yoh friend sn um- returns it or not, you kin be thankful foh de little bt @' raln” o) Certainly, under | THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Little bits of a{a were careening across the street, given up, with their in to man and 3 his automobiles. Sparrows, common English sparrows, flew across busy Thirteenth street at the corner of F, missing the tops of busses bg.no more than 2 feet. ‘They had taken flight from the east pavement: their objective was the west, where the passenger traffic begins again. There is no let-up of passengers at Thirteenth and F streets on a busy afternoon. There is no ceasing of the fiow of automobiles. Human beings and their modern chariots take complete possession of concrete, but the sparrows still control the ether. As disdainfully as if they were flying across an English meadow, these trans- planted birds winged their small ways across the street. i our heart for the much maligned Eng- lish sparrow, despite the slings and ar- rows of outrageous fortune which have been directed at him. He is an interesting little bird—the city bird, the one without which thou- sands of children would have no ac- quaintance at all with the feathered things. What if his chirp is not so musical as tie songs of some of his relgtions? It is a pleasing sound, after all, on a frosty morning. ‘We g always have doubted, too, the amount of destruction which the spar- rows are supposed to do. If they fight, well, do not the Blue Jays fight? Dogs fight, cats fight; Heaven knows men fight. L The sparrow deserves his hard-won place in the landscape. He ncyer asked for it, either. He was picked up bodily and set down in a strange land for the purpose of helping the Americans. Finally it got to the point where it was declared that he was doing more harm than good. That, however, we must submit, was not the sparrow’s fault. He had not signed any contract to do _so and so, or thus and thus. ‘What he did in America was what he did_abroad. He lived. * R A fighting bird is the English sparrow, noted for his love for human dwellings. But because he eats grain and fruit and some blossoms, he is regarded as a pest. Perhaps he is not as bad as he has been made out. He has to li seems to do little damage in the at any rate, and it is in the urban areas that he is most needed It is int-resting to recall that it was was first introduced in this country, in the year 1851. He has gone far since then, all over the United States and Canada, as a matter of fact. Wherever he has gone he has remained a downright, honest, fellow, prolific, pugnacious, loving the houses lived in by his human friends. ‘These human traits have endeared him to human beings, despite the kicks HE COLOGNE GAZETTE —Prof. Einstein is in the United States upon the invitation of the fac- ulty of Mount Wilson Observa- tory, in the State of California. With the savants of that institution, he will attempt to determine the exact velocity of light rays. It has already been ascertained that the speed of the earth through space is 30 kilometers a second, but no machine has yet been devised which will record a speed of more than 2 kilometers a second. Therefore, if the velocity of light is, appears that Prof. Einstein and the American astronomist, Dr. A. A. Michel- son, will find a formidable difficulty in measuring such an incomprehensible velocity. Figures as to the earth's rate of progression through the ether have been fixed cnly through application of the laws of relativity—a system of computation more recently expounded in detail by Prof. Einstein—and this system now presents the only means by which light rays may be measured ac- curately, and it may fail x k% * Raising of Galley Holds Disappointment. Il Sole, Milan.—The raising of the galley of Caligula from the muddy bot- tom of Lake Nemi, some 30 kilometers of the hopes that were entertained in bringing this ancient vessel to the light of day. Little was left but the actual hull and the bronze and copper rings and ornaments which once were fas- tened to the decks and cabins for util- ity in hitching the hempen cables, as well as for embellishment. Perhaps the greatest disappointment has been that the recovery of the hulk has not enabled archeologists and sci- entists to reconstruct the method of propulsion. If this vessel was a trireme, as seems probable from its great size, it must have been rowed with three tiers of oars, as, according to contemporary history, were many other Greek, Roman and Phoenician galleys; but how these oars were arranged so the rowers could operate them efficiently has never been determined by modern investigators. The topmost row would seem to require such exceeding long and heavy blades that one or two men at each oar would be unable to manipulate them. i Decreasing Demand for Herring Blamed on Aliens. Evening Times, Glasgow.—O perverse and degenerate Glasgovians! To think of a little fleet of herring boats arriv- ing at the Clydeside only to find that there was little or no demand for their Let us put the blame for this lamen- table fallng away from our good old habits on the shoulders of our alien population, whether they deserve it or not. But, I fear, many of our native- born have developed a shameful pref- erence for tinned salmon and frozen tripe. When T have acquired enough money to live comfortably without working, I ing, so that morning, noon and night I may breathe the fragrant atmosphere of the district. Recently an agricul- tural expert bore me there to see the Silver Fox Exhibition, and as we went down the Candleriggs and then through we two were straying happily through the scented groves of Paradise. I men- tioned the notion to my bovine author- ity, who merely ejaculated, “Dinna be daft!” and stalked onward to the hall of Master Reynard. How is this, inquires a correspondent, for an insult to a_ Scottish audience? At the meeting the other night the proceedings were begun by the singing of the twenty-third Psalm. The Eng- lishman who presided announced that he would give out the words in each verse so as to enable the congregation to sing it correctly, the implication be- ing that the audience did nct know “The Lord is Lny)fhepherd," ete. * * Silver One of Many Solutions Offered to End Derression. China Weckly Review, Shanghal— Every time there is a period of serious financial and economic stringency, such as the present, when the world busi- ness and industrial structure is suffer- tdon™ 10" provides. apporwnity " for jon, V] ly for the venders ? unk?mnem reme- 19 dey pesses. but that ne v a y ‘newspaper Feaders are informed of some one who We have always had a warm spot in | in a city, that of Brooklyn, that he s Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands roughly, 300,000 kilometers a second, it | from Rome, has failed in realizing many | precious cargoes! O tempora: O mores! i shall hie to the vicinity of our fruit| market and hire myself a small dwell- | the market to Adelphi street I felt that | against him on account of the crops. One may well wonder if he has done & tenth of the damage attributed to him. And surely, wh'n he hops on & window sill in Winter, and looks through the glass with his shining eyes, few who see nim will resent the bread- crumbs which are put out for his benefit. i e ‘We may as well admit here that we have not always had this altruistic attitude toward the English sparrow, As a small boy was the aim of | our existence, as our right arm, | to_kill sparrows | We attempted this fell dced by the | medium of rocks, as the small boys of | that era called small stones 5 The right-hand trouser pockets of all of us were constantly kept filled with rocks, which ammunition we lost a chance to hurl far and generally wide. As far as memory goes, not one of us ever hit a sparrow, much less hurt | one. ~Our intentions, however, were | severe enough. | L S The sparrow is the city cat's meat, of course. For this reason we often have wondered at the spleen of many | persons against cats for their bird- | catching activities. These same people | are most vehement against the sparrows. | One might think that if they favor the | abolition of the sparrow, they would praise the cat for catching him. Probably the truth of the matter is that he or she who favors the abolition of one thing will work for the aboli- ticn of another thing. Perhaps it is abolition he favors, and cats and birds alike to him are mere incicents. Cats no more catch all the birds atiributed to them than they have nine lives. A cat has but one life, as all know who love them. When it comes to catching birds their ability has been grossly exaggerated. Cats spend hours stalking birds. It is a healthful amusement, which mostly harms neither them nor the songsiers. It is true that your average cat cares no more for the cardinal’s gorgeous garb than he does for the drab cloak of the humble sparrow. He had as lief eat a wren as a mock- ing-bird. He is lured by the quick, dart- ing movements of the feathered crea- tures. And by the fact, of course, that that bird is much smaller than he is. If any one in an excess of indigna- |tion calls this unsportsmanlike of the | house cat, let us remind him of the fact | that sportsmanship is unknown in Na- | ture, except as conceived in one of Na- | ture’s children—man. And he, glorious | creature, is mostly a pretty poor sport. 1 * K ok X | _We are glad that we are able to take | | the sparrow as he is and to like him| i It must be terrible to have a | for the really terrible monsters of its own creation. The English sparrow is among the few birds which spend their Winters with | us. He is always around, hopping| through the underbrush, clattering away | in his harsh tongue, darting around the eaves of houses, brightening up the gray-green landscape. And many of us| are glad for him. | has discovered a short, way back to | prosperity, and in nine cases out of ten the short cut consists of some scheme for producing easy money. } Most of the recent schemes which | have received publicity in this part of the world have to do with silver, of which metal there is an overabundance somewhat in proportion to the over- production of wheat and other com- | modities. g Recently an ‘American, Paul Myron | Linebarger, who occuples a sort of ad- visory position at Nanking, announced upon his arrival at San Francisco that he had been commis:ioned by Gen. Chiang Kai-shek to borrow a billion ounces of silver in the United States and bring it to China. Just how he expected to accomplish this feat was not stated, but. supposing he could suc- ceed in obtaining one-tenth of the sum stated, it probably would have the effect of further depressing the value of China’s silver currency, possibly to a point where a Chinese dollar would be worth no more than an American dime. Just now the world is suffering from two major maladi -overproduction in the West and revolutions in the Ori- ental and South American countries, which constitute the industrial West's chief markets. Coming together, these maladies have produced a major crisis. There is no way back to prosperity except by retrenchment in the indus. trial countries and the creation of po- litical stability in the consuming coun- | tries. Oriental countries, most of them | colonial or semi-colonial dependencies | of the capitalistic nations of the West, | are passing through political crises | which _are bound to change the na- | ture of their relations with the coun- | tries to which they previously owed al- | legiance. Most of these countries will | gain a fair measure of political inde- dependence, but after they have ac- complished this object they will dis- cover that their real problems have only begun. g China provides an excellent examiple of this situation, for after achieving political independence through a reg- ularization of the treaty situation, the Chinese people have and will further discover that they have to begin at the very bottom in the development of independent nationhood. The cur- rency has to be stabilized. A complete new governmental administration must be developed. Foreign and domestic obligations must be refunded. Indus- tries must be started. Everything must be done at once and there is no way | out except through hard work. The | Philippines, Indo-China, British-India and Egypt present similar problems. ———— More Equine Aristocrats. | From the St. Joseph Gazette. It is interesting to know that, despite the economic depression, the popularity of horses for recreation purposes re- | sulted in a considerable expansion of the horse industry last year. Accord- ing to the Federal Burcau of Animal Industry, the number of saddle ho in the United States now is undoubtedly | | the largest in history. The total of | horses used for pleasure and recreation in this country is estimated to be about | 200,000, and the number is steadily in- | | creasing, in contrast to the tendency in | the field of work animals. | Prices for pleasure horses reached an all-time high record only a few months ago, with the better grades of saddle horses selling for an average price of about $750 and the medium and lower grades around $175. Polo, which is| Tapidly increasing in popularity, and “dude ranches,” where city folks may live the life of the cowboy without his discomforts, account in great part for the demand for saddle horses. The number of horse shows held in this country has about doubled in the last five years, and every such show of substantial size is reported to have had its best year in 1930. Several foreign countries are now sending entries to shows in the United States, and it is notable that a horse show has been made a part of the Olympic games. Prizes awarded in these shows have been materially increased—lists total- ing €50,000 are not uncommon. The “proletariat” of the equine world may be doomed by machinery, but the “aristocrats” are flourishing. o Protracted Postprandials. From the San Antonio Express. s, may have to work nights.” this will mean nothing but after-dinner - | gician, appeared { the ballot. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM 1. G M. INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTAND- ING: Agencies Educating for a New World. John Eugene Harley, Uni- versity of Southern California. Stanford University Press. In the quiet, less disputatious years just over the shoulder easy acceptance was given the 5000 years—6,000 at most—since Adam worked his garden patch, since Eve went wrong, perhaps because she had nothing else to do. A simple and convincing story from which great philosophies have risen. All of endeavor and its achievements start here, material achievements and spirit- ual. Al of sin, too, with its fears and repentances and reprieves. That was yesterday. This morning Science, the great m: Beside him, modern man, miracle-maker. Toward the old story—that_of the 5000-year adventure in world building—this new man is seemingly cool. Eagerly he draws from his kit big rolls of “evidence” that all | of a billion years went into the making of us, the things we now are, and into fashioning the earth whereunon we are for the moment domiciled. With a wide and beckoning gesture he halls us: “Man alive, wake up! new world! Ancient immeasurables have yielded to metes and bounds. old incalculables have uncovered laws—the Jaws of their origin, their progression, their fulfillment!” And then he goes on to say that most immediately and imperatively important is the fact that the earth itself is no longer a region of vast separations and alienations. That instead science has drawn its wide areas together into the hailing distance of a mere neighborhood. A possible danger, in truth, this modern huddle of a world. Contacts, so many and so vital, constitute in themselves a safety- first call for prompt accommodations. And these demand understanding. And that imposes knowledge. And right here is the point of arrival for every democratic people whose government is the work of their own hands, the record of their own choice by way of Knowledge, comprehension, adaptation to cireumstance and need in the intercourse of nations one with an- other. Such the program of the pres- ent and the future. Today, universities, foundations er other like-minded institutions are giv- ing sturdy service to the cause of com- mon-school and common-sense educa- | tion in the business of producing & citizenry commensurate to the demands made upon it for the well-being of the whole. A case in point—One of “The Stan- ford Books in World Politics,” edited by Graham H. Stuart. A practical, sim- ple and, therefore, useful series devoted to the education of the common man in his prime business of personal par- taking in the government under which | g, he lives. This particular volume, by John Eugene Harley, is, in effect, a guide book through modern interna- tional activities of high moment. As such, it points the way along which one may find fields of international re- search, Official organizations are amoni these, say, that very open and usef school, the Pan-American Union in Washington. There are, besides, aca- demic institutions, each one placed and outlined in a measure to indicate its facilities for the studen‘—Geneva, Ber- lin, Vienna. A little closer to the aver- age of us are the Summer schools and institutions — Williamstown, Chicago, Honolulu, The Hague and so on. Schools of a year-round service are analyzed in definite purpose and actual per- formance. Here, in & word, is a kind of glorified guide book through the domain of international affairs, offered to the hosts of us who want to go, but, who, hitherto, did not know the road. The discussion, going along with the itinerary of study, indicates the pur- ose and scope of the work. Practically, t lays down the needs leading to this sort of education. It points upon the high value of exchanges between coun- try and country of professors and students. Routes of travel, fitted to the purpose of the study, are given. America is summed by way of its colleges and universities for the practical study of international matters and policies. And besides such sum- mary a sufficiently full study of these American schools is given for the read- er's use. As matter of point and course, the foundation of this travel book through international policies and politics is the solid concrete of tested fact. Here are no detours for variety of effect or for any other diversion. With the book hand, study is what we are up against. But it is all so positively clear, so straight-pointed upon the end of the journey, so manifestly what we must have if we are going to help play the game, that here, of a certainty, is the guide book that every American reader and writer, student and teacher: needs to possess for study and restudy for the sake of a continuing world. A THE CHALLENGE OF RUSSIA. Sherwood Eddy, author of “Every. body's World,” etc. New York: Far- rar & Rinehart. The second daily question all over the place is “What about Russia?” The first one needs no pointing finger upon it. Both produce, however, about the same immediate result. Whirlwinds of opinion, positive, controversial, vio- lent. Tornadoes of talk. Probing, even a little bit, there issues from either of these contentions more of the flzz-z-z! of personal pastion and feeling than of any substance of solid information. As to one of these topics over which the world seems likely to talk itself to death, here is a book that certainly ought to be of steadying value to those who are in hysterics over Russia, its doings, its probabilities, its menace and so on and so on. Sherwood Eddy has been to Russia several times, each time in the role of student and fair-minded in- vestigator. Out of these forth-farings into the actual fleld of Russian political experiment he has made this book. Now, the bare fact of going into Russia is, clearly a heady adventure. One, having done this, is immediately sus- pect. It is hardly conceivable that he could emerge from it, dispassionate, cal~ culating, logical, conclusive—sane even. Therefore, one takes up any book on Russia armored against pure enthu- siasm on the one hand, sheer condem- nation on the other. Let us say, right off, that feelings, as such, appear here to have less fo do/with Mr. Eddy's highly informing and deeply interesting book than the run of publications upon this theme commonly do have. To be sure, the title is a shade against the notion of complete dispassion—but let it go. Here, certainly, is a body of fact, gathered at first hand, about the present, state of the big Slav country, about its immediate program, its wide look into a great future. No one will dispute the author in an assertion that here is one of the great experiments of all time, Nor will he fail to note the logi~ of this gigantic uprising out from centuries of intolerable slavery. —Then comes analysis of the experiment itself, of the huge co-operative organization itself, of an immense area, densely peo- pled, existing upon the highly dynamic foundation of a completely socialized order. Plainly, this author outlines the vision. Against it he sets, it by point, both the theory and prac- tice of this new order, for the and proving of the amazing spectacle. Just a taint of suspicion against the calm unbias of the study lles in Mr. Eddy's persistent use of the method of comparison and contrast between the way of Russia and the way of the United States or any other of the na- tionalistic countries, where individual- ism is paramount and where competi- tion is the road to progress. Why any challenge? Why not the story which, certainly, i3 one of the most dramatic ever opening to the hand of man? Why not leave Russia to its own ad- venture without inciting it to a pre- mature parade? Never mind! This is an absorbing book, even as plain fact bearer. A full and sympathetic out- look upon Russia that here es for the rest of us a source of much- needed general information. The world bas become too small to harbor, in You are in 8 (R. BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘Washington is storehouse of all kinds of knowledge. You can draw on it free of charge through our bureau there. Any ques- tion of fact you may ask will be an- swered promptly in a personal letter to you. Be careful to write clearly, give ;om- {uu h:-l_‘l'nefund address and mm -cent stamp for re) ymctue. your inquiry to The R‘e'n g Star Infor- mation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. Who was the star in “Kiki"?— t|F. C. R A. The play has been produced both on the stage and screen. Lenore Ulrich | popularized this play on the “‘f" Norma Talmadge played the motion pic- ture version of it. Q. Do birds ever fly across the At- lantic_Ocean?—W. A. A. There are definite records of birds which have flown across the Atlantic, ‘The longest flight known for a banded bird was an Atlantic tern which flew from Labrador to Natal, South Africa. It was banded on July 23, 1928, and found dead on the beach in Natal No- vember 14, 1928. A. Daniel Boone died in Missouri on September 26, 1822, and was there buried, but on August 20, 1845, his re- mains were removed to the cemetery at Frankfort, Ky. Q. Please give the history of the song “Casey Jones."~—J. M. R. A. Casey Jones was the subject of a well known song copyrighted by Eddie Newton and T. Lawrence Seibert in 1909. There has been considerable de- bate as to whether or not there was a real Casey Jones. The authors said they wrote the song from scattered verses which had long been in existence and were popular among the Negroes. The Casey Jones believed to be referred to was John Luther Jones, an old engi- neer, born at Cayce, Ky., in 1863. At 19 he went firing on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad and later on the I. C. He was promoted to engineer in 1890 and went on the Chicago & New Orleans Limited. On this run at midnight March 18, 1900, he was killed in a rear-end collision with a freight train at Vaughan, Miss. There are legends of similar occurrences on various other railroads. Q. What State had the first pure food law?—S. T. | = A. The first law of this kind, along practically the line of the Federal law enacted later, was passed by the State of Michigan in 1895. Wisconsin passed a similar statute three years later. Q. What was the most sanguinaj battle ever recorded in history?—C. g A. According to ancient records, the battle of Chalons, where Attila, the un, was met by the Gothic prince Thorismund, commanding the Visigoths and Roman forces. The dead left upon the field is estimated as between 250,000 and 300,000 men. Q. Do scientists find that the b°.’x‘,d°' wdnuy are ahl;lmr.mxnyothzk“n' iparents were W) gfi“‘;} ot en they were . Horace Gray of the Instit for Juvenile Reselrchyln Chicago l?: ‘'The “?l at -andpas y were " Measure- ments of the heights cmer 1,000 boys of American-born parents were com- pared with the heights of boys measured over 50 years ago by another scientist. 'tle'hde increase in height may be attribu- to the increasing knowledge 3 ?‘l B and wg owle of y. Q. What is thé longest time e Io) ive of which Department :{fhe Navy l‘lll record‘hi: Greatness of Nathan Straus, because the world is better through his philan- thropies and his personal qualities, is recognized as death ends his remarka- ble career. His interest in children, especially, is a subject of tributes from in|all parts of the country. His cam- paign for better milk was his itest it is declared, but the mnmaeu described as greater than his deeds. “There was strength in his tender- ness and there was gentleness in his ec 5 id and groceries, ice plants, lodging houses for the homeless, tu- berculosis preventoriums /for children, health bureaus, were -monw evi- dences of his practical ClI tianity. During the World War he was tireless in his efforts to serve suffering hu- manity, and after it he put his shoulder to the wheel in numerous ways to re- lieve those affected by it.” “It is glorious that he has lived” declares the Oklahoma City Times, with the thought that “it is sad that such & man should go, even in the fullness of his years,” and re tion of the tact that he “did not lose the common counf Poo! and recalls that “he was came from a foreign land an adopted son of Americ: country was to him, giving him wealth and influence, and he gave back generously of what he had received.” * * ok * “Possessed of many millions, he ex- pended them freely in making life brighter for the unfortunate,” states the Glendale News-Press, with the ap- praisal of his career: “For years he had devoted himself, not to the accu- mulation of money, but to dispensing it wisely. He had won an honored name. Friends he had in muiltitude, but no enemies. The country has lost a good and useful citizen, but the practical work he accomplished will continue and long keep him in memory.” “He made a most distinct contribu- tion toward creating a better world,” says the Buffalo Evening News of “one of the most practical of the country's great philanthropists.” “All in all,” concludes the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, “this Bavarian lad, who came to the United States with | his parents when he was 6 years old, suffered hunger because of the meager ability of his father’s small Georgia husin“ss to provide proper food, moved to ¢New York when the Civil War ruined his father’s business, and then rose to affluence and a philanthropy that spread from his adopted country back across the seas, has lived a_ full life, valuable to. the health and hap- the Jesting | public piness of humanity clear through to the last of his 82 years. And it was thropy that did not weigh the cost. It is very doubtful if Nathan Straus could have even approximated sums he had spent in his many number of persons his great gel ity saved from pain and want and untimely death. This his admirers do not and never will forget.” “His was the great heart that could never look upon suffering with calm philosophy, but needs must include all in his philanthropy,” records the Salt Lake Deseret News, while the Ann Ar- bor Daily News offers the comment on t any part of it, safety, ignorance: p_judgmen usiasms or misinf ation, A or supemuy sourced the world's greatest) 96 Q. Where is Daniel Boone buried?— | hours by a vessel of the “O” class in 1918. The dive was g:r!unmd for the of testing the eficacy of vex‘m lating and air-conditioning appa~ ratus. How much milk does it take to one pound of condensed milk?— "A. Two pounds of milk will make one xflg olm cangenud mllld l!nd two s will make one pound of eva rated milk. i il Q. Do Eskimos have marriage cere~ monies performed?—B. N. A. Eskimos apparently do not observe marriage rites in their native state, ;!x!gl;:ugh their moral standards are very m&e E H Q. How much smaller than the old money are the new bills>—G. W. A. The old size currency was 7 7-16 by 3 1-8 inches. The new notes are 635 by 2% inches—that is,' the new notes are 1 5-16 inches shorter and %, inch narrower. Q. Why does our Western coast have the wettest weather in the Winter sea- son?>—A B. | A The Winter rainfall on the Pa- cific ccast is associated with the 'aig tion toward the Equator of the c storm' belt of the prevailing westc: with the advance of Autumn and Win- ter, and the poleward migration of this same belt in s'glrm( and Summer. Dur- ing Summer the coast is dominated by the high-pressure belt of the North Pacific, with generally clear skies and conditions unfavorable to rainfall. Q. Is alexandrite found in large enough pieces to be used in making dishes?>—M. B. C. A. Dr. W. F, Foshag, curator of min- eralogy and petrology of the Smithso- nian Institution, states that no alew andrite crystals have ever been fouuu large enough to carve into dishes. A crystal 3 to 4 inches in diameter is very rare. Alexandrite of gem quality is a valuable stone and at present prices sells for about $100 a carat. Q. Is a newspaper editor obliged to print any material submitted to him, provided it is paid for at advertising ntAefl;E. W. 8. . Newspapers reserve the right to reject and decline to publish any copy for advertising or any other purposes submitted to them, if they do not find it acceptable for any reason. Complete control of the columns of & newspaper is at all times in the hands of the publisher or editor. Q. What percentage of the water a person drinks goes into the blood?— J. A F. somewha A. " Physiologists vary t in is taken in; per- estimating how much haps 25 to 40 per cent. Q. Why does the spelling of Eng- lish words change so much?—A. A. A. Changes in spelling have been continuous in the history of the English language. Conscious and deliberate efforts to simplify English spelling were made as early as 1554. The latest at- tempted spelling reform came in Au- gust, 1906. Q. When did Blackbear pirat nflA Iheuuu?—d. TR R P 3 lward Teach, or Thatch (?- 1718), an Anglo-American pirate, WD-( widely kn ndnlx red TOb~ ly known and fea: for his beries and atrocities throughout the West Indies and along the coast of Carolina and Virginia. At Pasquotank, N. O, in 1718, he was attacked by two small sloops under the command of Lieut. Maynard of the British Navy, e vecsls, When ho “with soverny , when with se his men were killed. 3 World Lauds Nathan Straus As Most Beloved of Givers the story of his life: “He left man; munificent bequests. We are not In! cluding his worldly goods under the item of ‘bequests.” We are t! ther, of the deeds he that will extend aus was credited with establis! the That W:m: benefit his race. acts that But it was only one of the nourished sympathetic soul. reflected the idealism which his generous and The world will remember him and re- vere his name because of what might be called the general scheme of his ex- istence, and of which the Jewish Home- land venture was merely a manifesta- tion. .He was a friend of- humanity, and especially of childhood.” e “The death of Nathan Straus,” thinks the Boston Transcript, ‘“‘takes away from us one of the wisest, as well as most practical, most dearly beloved, of American pl thropists. He was the second of three brothers, Isidor, Na- than, Oscar, all born in Bavaria, who were brought by their thrifty fother to this country in their early chiid- hood, and who grew up to become not only successful business men but think- ers, men of broad public spirit, phi- lanthropists, public servants, ‘men of light and leading,’ and examples of sound Americanism. Of the Jewish faith, they were of universal sympa- thies, and they regarded their wealth as a thing held in trust for the good of all. All were at one time or another called upon to fill some public office, but not one of them ever had any nar- row partisan idea or subordinated con- scientious service to mflcfl taterest.” “Of his hundred philanthroples,” as viewed by the Richmond News Leader, “his establishment of pure-milk sta- tions in New York stood first, both in the lives it saved and in the happiness it brought to the mothers of the poor. ‘That magnificent work, which helped to make the public understand what pasteurization meant in protecting a milk supply, had its origin in his own loss. His 2-year-old child died at sea, poisoned by bad milk. After he had been_inspired by this tragedy to open his first miik stations, in the face of ignorance and opposition, he still kept much of his fortune in his famous racing stable. One day he took his son on a tour of inspection of the milk stations, in the hope of interesting him in the work. The boy was stirred to his very soul. A few days later he contracted pneumonia and, when very ill, said, ‘Father, I think you ought to give up your stables and devote that money to child welfare stations in- stead’” That night the boy died. ‘This event,” téle old filh‘il!‘lnl.hmpm used to say, ‘made me al e more determined to go on with my milk work.' Then he added, characteristically, for he was a fighter at heart, ‘this and the attacks of Jerain physicians here and —————— Penalty of Progress. From the Roanoke Times. trying to fill men’s shoes, no doubt, Casualties. From the Dayton Dally News. Nineteen persons were injured in & New York subway, but -this doesn’t compare with the number who have been hurt in Chicago’s underworld. Coarse Work. S | Prom the Toledo Blade. and violent advocacies. T this as a book_of reu.blo.:deu about” Russia. ‘When knighthood was in Mmm-'lgflmfll