Evening Star Newspaper, January 13, 1931, Page 8

' THE EVENING STAR 3 With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY......January 18, 1931 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor ¥he Evening Star N per Company s 11t 8t. and Pennsyivanta Ave . an ; e: 130 42nd R"A:a'n"gfi.lcgm!v‘n Hichisan Butd ropean Office ing. 14 Re;ent St.. London, ngland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. 43¢ ter month ar uhdare) 107 ;00 PO month and Sunday “Bundaye) 65¢ per month st S¢ per copy T each monts. o & Teiephone 4 The Evenis (when 5 Sunday Star ... Collection made st the be sent in by ma RAlehaT So00; Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and_Virginia. ily and Sunday 1 ¥r.. $10.00: 1 mo., 85¢ AJ only . 1¥. £6.00: 1 mo. 50c inday only 1yr. 24.00; 1 mo.. 40¢ All Other States and Canada. Hy "‘lfl SBunday. } :; 83 1mo., ll’gfl day"onty 88! Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of 11l news dis- s credited 10 it or not otharwise cied- e local Lews 8.00° 1 mo. $5.00: 1 mo. _— The United States of India. With a rapidity which casts fresh luster upon Britain's invincible genius for compromise, where the fate of the empire is concerned, the London Con- ference on India has come to conclu- sions. The realm of the rajahs is to be federalized under a constitution of its own into a self-governing common- wealth which will in effect, comprise a United States of India. The outlines of this history-making scheme we¥e Te- wvealed yesterday. As Americans learn of the organic law proposed for Britannia’s “crown jewel” they will observe the analogy between the constitutional system set up by our own founding fathers at Philadelphia in 1789 and the Magna Charta now proj- ected for India. The resemblance is rather to our legislative than to our executive organization. India's federal Parliament is to consist of two cham- bers, like that of the United States. The upper and smaller house, also like our own, is Teferred to in Lord Sankey's preliminary report as the “Senate.” No official title for it has been determined. Borrowing yet an- other Upper House idea from us, the Indian Senate will have an element of continuity in its membership, because the terms of all its members will not expire simultaneously. The “Senators” from British India, who will be either 100 or 150 in number, are to be elected by the provincial Legislatures, just as formerly United States Senators were chosen, not by popular vote, but by the Btate Legislatures. India’s Lower House, the name of which is still to be selected, is expected to number 250 members, all elected for five years, unless the Chamber should be dissolved by the governor general. ‘Whether the more popular branch of the Indian Parliament will obtain office by direct vote of the people or other- wise is also left for future decision. Lord Sankey's report, which repre- the composite views of both the native Indian delegates &t nitely vested in the governor general, who will personify the king-emperor and be guided, of course, by the views and instructions of the imperial government in London. For the rest, it is already foreshad- owed that the United States of India fronts at the very outset a sea of un- certainties such as even the well estab- lished United States of America, despite nearly 160 years of that noble experi- ment, has never ceased to face. Para- mount among these issues is the boundary line between Federal and States’ rights. But controversy in India may be less acrimonious and be more or less short-lived because it is planned ‘that the governor general in a crisis shall be clothed with something like sutocratic power. -4 1t is a foregone conclusion that even this wide measure of political inde- pendence for India will fail to satisfy the extremists who follow the banners of Gandhi. “Dominion status” is not what they want. They clamor for an *“India for Indians.” They crave sov- ereignty unalloyed. Even while the Sankey report was becoming public property in London, symbolically wild disorders in Poona and Bombay raged, in consequence of the execution of Indian rioters found guilty of murder @uring political disturbances last year. For the present, at any rate, the world will not withhold its recognition of a gesture to India by John Bull, which loses nothing in magnanimity because of its soporific intent. in the course tter class belong the two re- cent victims the Atlantic. Their ship was good and capable of landing on the ocean. Both were pilots and both had many flying hours to their credit. It was quite evident that the storms that came upon them without warning brought them down. Many will question the wisdom of the attempt at this time of year when snow and ice are quite likely to prove a flyer's nemesis. Others will question the neces- sity for such a flight at any time, al- though the adventure of the Trade- wind was to be the first pay-load alr trip across the ocean. But after all they were determined to take these chances, and it must be said that they provided against most of the predictable con- tingencies. By taking a route that called for two stops, one at Bermuda and the other at the Azores, they did away with the strain upon plans and crew that is entailed in getting into the air with | enough gasoline for the whole ocean trip. By using a seaplane they did what all should do who attempt long flights over water. And by careful preparation they further safeguarded themselves against disaster. It was all in vain, though, and more is the pity. Man has not yet conquered the air nor the ocean nor the vagaries of nature. These fiyers have gone the way of predecessors who have emerged second best from the eternal fight. ] Is the Senate Rule a Law? Inasmuch as Senator Walsh of Mon- tana, whose motion result:d in the reconsideration of the confirmations of three members of the Federal Power Cemmission and the President’s refusal to riturn the nominations, has himself acknowledged the futility of the pro- ceeding, the question of the Senate's prerogative in the matter becomes, in this instanc: at least, academic rather than practical. It serves, however, to call attention to the matter of the Senate’s rule governing confirmations, that rule upon which was based the action of last Priday and which the Presid-nt ignored in his refusal to re- turn the nominations. ‘There is something more in the case than the mere text of the rule. That text is explicit enough to mcet the requirements of those who hold that the nominations of the commissioners have not been actually confirmed. It provides that confirmations may be re- consid-red and, by direct implication, nullified, upon motion made within two executive sessions of the Senate. The vote of Friday in reconsideration was in strict accord with this provision. But the President had been formally noti- fied of the action of the Senate of December 20. Was that not a waiver of the right of reconsideration?, The majority who vot:d on Friday to recon- sider evidently believes that it was not a waiver. Then, it may be asked, why was the President notified? There is some qusstion as to whether the Senate actually voted that this notice be sent to the President. The Congressional Record states the formal resolution of confirmation in terms of a distinct order that the President be notified. Some Senators aver that this was a gratuitous assumption by the clerks of the Senate who prepared the resolution, or the text of the Record. Howev:r, the resolution stands in the Record and presumably in the Journal of the Senate, to show that the Senate did in fact order that the President b: notified of the con- firmations. It is disclosed that section 4 of the rule governing confirmations by the Senate provides that “nominations con- firmed or rejected by the Senate shall not be returned by the secretary to the President until the expiration of the time limited for. making a motion to reconsider the same, or while a motion to reconsider is pending, unless otherwise ordered by the Senate.” It is doubtful whether many members of the Senate knew, until this case arose, that this rule prevailed. It is questionable whether it has been fol- lowed at all in the course of years. Countless presidential appointments have followed immediately upon con- firmations and appointees have taken office before the expiration of the two- day period provided for possible re- consideration. Now the question of real mom arises at this point. Is the Presi governed by the Senate rules? It n: is notified, by inadvertence or negligent inattention to the rule on the part of the Senate, that his nominee has been confirmed, must he wait for the lapse of time prescribed by the rule, before issuing the commission to his ap- pointee? One of the Senators the other day in the debate s0 held. He said: I submit that the President of the United States and every appoiniee claiming title through coniirmaiion of this boay is charged with notice of the rules under whicn the Senate operates. The President of the United States, as one of the other co-ordinate branches of this Government, when he deals with the Senate, deals with it with absolute s As was freely predicted a great deal of the Happy New Year cordiality in Government circles has been called back for further consideration. —— Victims of the Atlantic. It looks very-much as if the Atlantic has claimed as its victims two more smbitious fiyers. Already more than forty hours overdue at the Azores on their two-thousand-mile hop from Ber- muda, Mrs. Beryl Hart and William 8. MacLaren are being given but the re- motest chance of escaping the relent- less fate that comes to those who make & single mistake in the battle with the elements at their worst. For it is quite evident that in the rmngl storm that swept over their course on Saturday night the two fiyers missed their objective and were forced down 8t sea. It is perhaps possible that they succeeded in landing near & ship without wireless or an uninhabited sland, but it is conceded that this is only a slim chance. If they were forced down into the heaving ocean their chances for survival, unless picked up immediately, are mil. Their frail plane could never stand the buffeting ©of the waves. And 50, if Mrs. Hart and MacLaren #re gone, they have joined the twenty- nine other fiyers and thelr ship, the Tradewind, the thirteen other flying creations which have essayed to con- quer the treacherous ocean. Too many of this adventurous band of pioneers met their fate because of faulty equipment or lack of piloting skill. the daredevils who started the odds hopelessly inst encountered unpredictable ob- them. notice—whether in fact or not, he deals with it with constructive notice—of the Senate’s limitations, of its powers, and of its rules. This raises a question that may at any time become of vital importance. Must the President, or any subordinate member of the Government, acquaint himself with the Senate’s rules as the all-governing law? Are the Senate’s rules—written presumably for the guid- ance and governance of that body alone —of equivalent force and sighificance with the provisions of the Constitu- tion itself? There will be general demur to the contention that the executive officers of the Government must read .their commissions in terms of the rules of the Senate, and be themselves judges of the validity of their tiles to offize in terms of possible violations or waivers of those rules by the Senate itself, I the Senate errs in its procedure it has only iiself to blame, — Liberia is accused of promoting slav- ery, having gone altogetoer too far back in getting ideas to be imitated in the estabiishment of a social system. — e Tracks in the Triangle. After a long consideration of the THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, TUESDAY, JANUARY 13, 193 ——— e —— e ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS of their fll(hh.!\mderhle'n. ‘The utility of the street rallway, the tracked line, has been lessened by the development of the mo- tor bus. It is & question whether rails are needed for the movement of the people now as in the past. However, there can be no changes in the area of the Government constructions that will distupt the existing traction systems. Through lines crossing the triangle will probably continue to be required. ‘Whether they will be carried by subway to avold surface congestion is one of the questions involved in the immediate study of the matter that is approaching a conclusion, . Certain of the rail lines that now exist within the area of prospective building must be removed from their present Toutes. * Whether they will be replaced in any manner or degree is to | be later determined. The answer to this | lies probably’ in the final decision re- garding subways. A factor in the case of considerable importance is the pos- sibllity of a,merger of the two traction companies. Adjustment of the lines of the local companies can Wwalt for later settlement. In the case of the suburban line, however, there can be no postpone- ment because the space occupied by its tracks lies within the area of actual building construction soon to be started. e Oklahoma is surpiized and probably pleased to find that “Alfalfa Bii" is a student who apparently enjoyed the ex- traordinary ability to do the kind of clowning his public®liked, long enough to acquire the votes he needed for the governorship. People like & nickname, {and “Alfalfa Bill” may be a title that will have distinct value In shaping a career. — ot Washington, D. C., will not look quite the same as when J. Hamilton Lewis was in office before in the Nation's Capital. For that matter, neither will Mr. Lewis, who is described as having taken on a manner and appearance of imposing dignity worthy of the splen- didly improving cify in which the Gov- ernment transacts its business, P R e Men of large ideas are in many cases tempted to tire their audience, Prof. Einstein proves himself a wise man in human relationships. He could lec- ture on the highest of higher mathe- matics, or he could accede to numerous requests to play the violin. He gra- ciously insists on doing neither. — An airplane disaster s an independ- ent incident of news. Its exact numer- ical position in the long series is not emphasized. Events of the kind have been sufficiently frequent to weary the imagination. —_—————— If Stalin is as clever a financier as he pretends to be he will show dividends as early as possible’ An impatient Soviet would not hesitate, if sufficiently aroused, to make a date to broadcast his own funeral oration. A BRI it SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Passing of the Flapdoodle Bird. A statesman once appeared to me As one it wasn't hard to be— A spreading coat, an ample hat And an abundant line of chat Would cause us all to pause and stare, And listen with the closest care. ‘Through hard work now his praise he seeks. He has to think before he speaks. No more can eloguence be tossed On high, 'mid rainbows to be lost. No more the audience is stirred To gratitude by one kind word. The audience now is growing rough. It scorns mere complimentary bluff. The statesman tofls through weary weeks. He has to think before he speaks. Meeting the Home Folks. “Do you enjoy the frivolities of social life?” “Very much,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “If there weren't card parties and receptions, my wife and daughters wouldn't let me enjoy their society without the necessity of entering into deep discussions of political economy.” Jud Tunkins says you can work too hard for your pleasures. When he was a boy he carried water to the elephant at a circus and got so tired he slept through the entire show. The Big Ride. There are in distant space Worlds without number, And maybe some such place We'll yet incumber. Though here on earth we grope With courage shaken, For such a Ride I hope Tl not be taken. For the Sake of the Exercise. “My small boy makes highly amusing remarks,” said the proud father. “Tell us some of them,” rejoined the patient friend. “Of course, you mustn't expect me to laugh, but I've just been appointed to an executive position and the firm expects me to preserve my dig- nity and be a good listener under all circumstances.” “To speak 1ll of a friend,’ said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is to begin a habit which must soon leave you with- out friends worth speaking of.” Oratorical Impuise. Since human beings learned to Erect, their fault was this 'un; Each individual tried to talk And no one cared to listen. “De best use you kin make of yoh spare time,” said Uncle Eben, “is work- in’ on de house an’ in de garden foh yohse'f regardless of de fact dat maybe you hasn’ much money and ain’ got de name of bein’ very good pay. It's yoh only chance of doin’ business on credit.” - Coming and Going. From the Lynchburg News. There is almost as much: controversy now over what the Wickersham Com- mission will report as there will be soon problem agreement has been approached between the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, the Treasury De- partment and the local transit com- panies upon a plan for providing trans- port for the Federal employes who will be housed in the Mall-Avenue triangle when the bullding program therein is completed. This problem has been ex- ceptionally difficult of solution because of the changes in transportation meth- ods which have been effected during the period since over what it did report. i Bang! From the New London Da One of the bfggest radio-phonograph factories is reopening. Prosperity, re- turning, announces itself with a loud noise. ———o—s A Matter of Proportion. From the Racine Journal-News. An alienist says insanity is decreas- . But it may onl! ing. ly 80 because you have to be © 2 days to be the building plan was THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. price mext Spring a5 It Was Iast eur as it was last year. ‘This is good news to all home deners, Seced catalogues arriving on every mail show grass prices little if any ad- vanced over those of the previous season. The drought, one might think, would have caused a rise in seed prices. On the other hand, one prominent firm an- nounces that its business during 1930 was the greatest in its history, and that this season it has reduced the prices of more than 70 vegetables to 5 cents a packet, Agriculture is such a basic industry, even in an industrial civilization, that at times the city man is likely to for- get its importance. Those who work with the soil, how- ever, even though only in a back yard, know that there is no substitute for l\oll'lh‘:;flulrh Luxuries and fancies of all kinds may be, or may not be, that is the dif- ference. Farmers may plant less acres to wheat one year, or more to potatoes, florists may grow more gladioli one season, or fewer begonias the next, but in the main both truck gardeners and florists, a8 well as amateur dabblers with plants, keep the main currents of planting flowing steadily in their sea- sons. * ok K % It is probable that most lawns will need revamping this year. Making over an old grass plot is more difficult than digging the whole thing up and planting it all over again, but the home owner hesitates to do it. Be- sides, entire reseeding takes a quantity of seed and most planters will not use enough a&s it is. Sometimes one is inclined to believe that it is not so much soil or other conditions which make for poor lawns as lack of grass sced. If enough sced 15 put in, he first place, and proper are given the plot as the seedlings come along, one can almost be sure of good grass. We call to mind a freshly seeded lawn surrounding a gas station on a promi- nent downtown corner. This lot was nothing but red clay when the lawn grass seed was put in the ground. In about six weeks the place had as pretty a stand of gass as one would want to see. The amazing thing was that this lawn was kept green and in flourishing condition all during the Summer, gde- spitg the heat and the drought. This Fall additional seed was sowed in the bare spots, and we do not know a better looking plot of grass in Washington to- day. It always looks fresh and’ green, even in the middle of Winter. It can be done, therefore, if one is willing to purchase enough seed and to water regularly and to reseed when it becomes necessary. The primary fail- ing with most home owners seéms to be a certaln niggardliness in regard to grass seed. Old-timers will tell you to plant at least twice as much as the seedsmen say. The latter, of course, do not want to advise too heavy sowing, for fear of scaring off the customer. Many a man will buy 5 pounds of seed where he would hesitate at 10 or 20 pounds. Be sure that it is difficult to put too much grass seed into any given space. When you have sowed what you deem a plenty, begin all over again and put in that much more again. -And then, if you have any left, put that in, too. It you have ever watched a pro- fessional “landscape gardener” plant a yard to grass seed—especially if some one else pays the bili—you have seen the thing done right. Unhampered by thoughts of cost, he sprinkles in the seed with a liberal hand. How pleas- ant it must be, to be a landscape gar- dener! * kX% This will be a good season, too, to buy grass seed for specific purposes. Instead of securing “just grass seed, buy various mixtures intended for va- rious purposes. For the lawn in the open, get the best mixture of ordinary lawn grasses you can afford. For the terrace thaf needs reseeding, buy a mixture intended for that Ell’ucullr purpose. For the shady nook, get such & mixture, These three classes which contain appro- priate grasses for their purposes. If one fancles plenty of the so-called Dutch white clover, he can add an ounce of it to each poun ‘White clover thickens up the “bottom” of the turf, and helps keep things green dur- ing ‘the heated spell. Some people re- gard it as a nuisance, but that is be- cause they do not use the lawn mower often enough, It is true that cutting will not entirely do away with the white blossoms, but one is unfortunate who dislikes_them. The best way is to regard whité clover as offering varia- tion in grass which would be monot- onous without it. ‘There are scores of varieties of grass, many of which can be secured from the larger seed houses. It would be interesting to experiment with home- made mixtures, if one had the money the patience and the ground. For most amateurs. it will be sufficient to buy cne or more of the three general-pur- | pose kinds named above. A good put- ting green mixture might be added, for | places which one knows will get pecul- jarly hard treatment. Perhaps no one who interested in good lawns but has wished to experiment with the bent grasses, The exact effect of last Summer's inimical conditions will not be known until the beginning of this. If plente- ocus Spring rains supervene, the chances are that lawns everywhere will get back to former conditions, whatever they were, Grass is an amazing product of conditions, provided that water finally comes to the rescue. Rain is what good grass must have. Too much water may injure some crops and flowers, but it 1s almost impossible to get too much of it for lawns. They positively glisten as _the result of incessant baths. In case of a continuance of the drought, whicH is to be feared, home owners will be put to it to keep up their grass plots. Lack of both rain and hydrant water will be a severe blow to ail those who love good-looking lawns. Let it be stated here that not every one does. It does not come any more natural for some people to admire fine |grass plots than it does for others to like fine paintings or genuinely be fond of great music. Admiration for good grass is a gift. If you do not believe it, go around the city and note the bare, unsightly grass [plots which stand in front of many | houses. The strange thing is that those who have the smallest plots seem to take the worst care of them. Perhaps they figure that they have so little it makes no #ifference how it looks. But it is amazing how one muddy terrace in a neighborhood can spoil the ap- pearance of an entire block for those who are sensitive to such things. Pigs, of course, can live in mud and probably admire things so. A lawn enforcement committee could do & great deal to make this or any other city a beauty spot. For the truth is that a good lawn looks better in Winter even than a poor one. - Civic builders are “sold” on the desirability of fine lawns around great building: but there are a thousand times as many smaller buildings, including homes, and raggedness in their frames (lawns), or backgrounds, is all the more noticeable, especially to visitors. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands OLOGNE G AZET T E—Henry Ford, during his visit to Eu- rope, uttered several brief dis- sertations upon his _projects and his methods. His new Dagenham (er) factory, when it is oper- ating at capacity, will turn out 1,000 completely finished Ford cars of all types in an eight-hour day. Th: fac- tory at Cork, Ireland, will turn out 200 agricultural and industrial tractors per day. Ford's factories in Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Russia and other countries are largely the result of tariff embargoes which make it cheaper for him to build his cars abroad than in America for foreign delivery. Mr. Ford’s operating system and efficiency will now be studied closely all over Eu- rope, and the same methods applied as far as possible to all other lined of manufacture. Mr. Ford also stated at London that he will permit no alcoholic beverages— not even beer—in the vicinity of his European factories. Only non-drinkers will be employed by him, because of his conviction that drink is the greatest enemy of industry and the home. * x % % Cigars for Women In Demand in Paris. News-Chronicle, London—Cigars for women are being sold in Paris. They are slim and elegant and of a delicate shade of gold. Slightly fatter and longer than a cigarette, they are already in consider- able demand, for the Frenchwoman is gradually becoming a heavy smoker. The directars of the French govern- ment tobacco monopoly are hoping for great things of the new cigars.. They are being sold in neat little packets, and their golden-brown color is supposed to harmonize with the sunburned com- plexions of returning holiday-makers. * K Kk Venezuela Has Many Natural Resources! El Nuevo ‘Diario, Caracas.—Venezuela has an area of 912,050 square kilometers and a population of 3,026928. For more than 1,500 kilometers ‘the waters of the Caribbean Sea wash its shores, and its great river, the Orinoco, is al- most as long as the Mississippi. It has plains, valfeys and mountains and lakes half as large as any of the Great Lakes of North America. Its fertile coffee districts extend for thousands of kilometers in all directions. Its cattle ranches are limitless, and yet only the choicest pasturage is utilized. The cattle industry, despitz its millions of stock, can still develop to an extent as vet, undreamed of. The cacao planta- tions are limitless, and produce & croj that is unsurpassed in quality. Its ol areas are vast, and only begigning to M‘xplo".‘:d. Forests of valuable wood are’ numerous. Cotton-growing, silk- culture, gold and copper mining and fisheries are all occupations that are followed, but wvery imperfectly and in- sufficiently. For instance, with the seashores and rivers crammed with edible fish, nearly 3,000,000 bolivars ($600,000) worth ere imported annu- ally. Nature has been lavishly gener- ous, but man as yet rather lazy and indifferent to the rich possibilities of the country. * ok ok ok Girl Blacksmith Treats Mashers Roughly. The Bulletin, Sydmey.—A mining township up north possesses, among other attractions, a swect girl black- smith who has nearly all the trade of the district. She is a nice-looking girl, o0, and could stun an average bear with one blow of her fist if she wanted to, but when ‘a rare masher comes along-and tries to make himself agree- able at the expense of her occupation, she generally subdues him with a re- proachful glance out of her big brown takes the hint, and goes over the town, and goes on pound- ing the horseshoe as if nothing had happened, while the amorous gent slowly gathers up the scattered frag- ments of himself and sadly crawls away. * kX x % Financial Depression Often Blessing in-Disguise. Manchuria Daily News, Dairen—A period of financial depression is some- times & blessing in disguise, If it cur- | tails to any great extent wholesome and beneficial activities, it also, and in a far greater ratio, restricts the expend- itures for unseemly diversions and in- jurious commodities, such as intoxicating drugs and liquers. Even the use of to- bacco shows a marked diminution, and frequently those obliged to forego these stimulants for a time, because of pe- cuniary circumstances, find that when their finances are again recuperated they no longer have the same irresist- ible and deleterious appetites. ok R K Berlin Paper Flays American Methods. Berliner Tageblatt—A curfous phe- nomenon of financial conditions in America is that following nearly every optimistic expression on the part of a high Government official that business conditions are getting better and will soon reach their normal processes again they immediately become worse. It ap- pears that the public resents the com- ment of those who, though supposed to be financial authorities and in control of the commerce and resources of the country, were not intelligent nor. able enough ' to prevent the monetary dis- asters and the unemployment of the past year—that is to say, the utter- anges even of the Chief Executive and of members of his cabinet are no longer received with any confidence that they know what they are talking about. ok \ Characteristics Seen Changing for Women, Neues Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna. Man has always divided women rough- ly into two categor: The slender, g'rlce(ul and at first glance bewitching- beautiful frauen and the corpulent, complacent, ponderous and rotund ladies with ~ double &hins, broad haunches and overplump extremities. ‘We say that women used to be divided into these two classes; of late the lat- ter types have almost disappeared. All our women seem to be now rather slim and attenuated, largely through the increased activity of their lives, since the war, in sports, business and other vigorous pursuits. In fact, there are very few Teally plump and heavy women any more, not even in Germany, where the voluptuous figure of generous proportions lingered the longest. Indeed, in foreign countries, and par- ticularly in America, it was always be- lieved that all Germans were fat, re- gardless of the fact that there emi- grated from the Fatherland to those shores evcrm&!lbl& variety of human physique. t Americans have seen thin Germans, fat Germans, tall Ger- mans and short Germans, in all sorts of combinations of stature and “speck’ (blubber), yet their conception of the German woman, as reflected in Ameri- can caricatures especially, has always been that she was stumpy, and nothing lacking in embonpoint. It is scarcely to be hoped that such illusions will soon be dispelled for all the present rarity of the buxom type and the general prevalence, in Austria and Germany, at least, of sylphlike and elegant contours. + C—.—— Woman's Worries, From the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. Betweea her own complexion and her husband’s complexes, a woman has a lot to worry about. —_— b Imitation. From the Worcester Evenint ~azette. Nobody supposes Prir George fell off that horse-intention=’ . but it does Ilcok as if he was stéa" . | . brother’s stuff, e Nature, and can stand the most adverse | NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. STEPHEN J. FIELD: Craftsman of the Law. By Carl Brent Swisher, Ph. D., Instructor of Government, Colum- bia University, The Brookings Institution. With no more than a minute for ré- membering, you easily recall that point in your study of school literature when, by way of fable and such other second- hand procedures, romance began to emerge from its ancient web of purely religious plaint and plous lamentation— when it took on a measure of the pro- fane in its advance upon romance as a feature of the literary art, upon fiction as a mode of entertainment. You've not forgotten the host of abstract qualities which, right there, did service for the human himself who was not yet ready to step out into the open of worldly ad ventures. Greed, Hatred, Revenge—vil- lains of the plot. Off against these, the ultimately triumphant virtues—Gen- erosity, Love, Forgiveness, And of them all, Justice was the most fearsome. Undeviating in its role, invulnerable in its rectitude—a pattern here, a warning there. And because- we gain impres- sions and ideas through sheer brain batterings, we cling to them with a tenacity that is as often harmful as it is'gainful. So,aven to this day, Justice is, to the common run, a figure properly cast in marble and bronze, for us to see—a rigid, inflexible symbol of pure righteousness in .its decrees and judg- ments. Yet it turns out that Justice is, after all, man made—that it is, after all, but a measure of the composite public mind bent upon order, safety, protection; that it marches ahead to- ward ordered liberty when its creating public so advances; that it lapses to- ward disorder and unliberty to gthe whole when its majorities are laiess and indifferent to the common weal. Certainly then no men are more vital to the interests of any free country than are its lawmakers and those who inter- {pret the law. IC is important, there- fore, that Americans know the steps by way of which they, through the law, have reached the place where they now stand in a protected freedom, and know as well the outstanding gen who have contributed notably to this general se- curity of all who live conformably to the law of the land. And right here stands the story of Stephen J. Field, “Craftsman of the Law,” associafe justice of the Supreme Court of the &Jnited States for 34 years, Such stretch of time in such service provides a sudstantial stage ‘for notable activity pointed upon the increasing demands of a great country like this one. It did exactly this in the case of Stephen Fieid. As plain expanse the stage of action for this man stretched across the continent. Its first planks— birth, youth, training—laid New England. Its last ones touching the Pacific Coast, when California was at its most glamorous pitch of dream and hope, deliberating indeed whether to step decorously into the Union or to move out along the shining pathway of individual empire. Stephen Field, a Yankee, come out from the East, was a young lawyer in California right there, then a member of the State. Legislature, then a part of its Supreme Court. A schooling, you see, for the high honor which later came to him and under which he contributed substantially to the significance of Fed- eral interpretations and decisions. Not only was this a vast stage for any man's adventuring upon, but it was a | orgeously lighted stage as well. The mediate aftermath of the war was on in every sort of human misbehavior— | hatred, retaliation, visionary plans for { emancipated Negroes, plans partaking | | much more of the mutual enmities be- tween the North and the South than of any sane and practical program for the Negroes themselves to be given and trained to follow. Crazy projects of the North for emasculating the South to po- litical impotency. And beside the war with its vicious trall of malice there were many other problems rising out of | the swift business expansions following | upon it. All matters that fronted, final- 1y, upon the judiciary. At this point the railroads began hurrying from point to point toward the West until they had in truth spanned the continent in what, nowadays, is called “record time.” Here rose the “railrcad problem”— and more and bigger grists for the legal mills, The business rush of achievement, the | rivalries, the compefitions, the ‘“cut- throat” measures pushed through, the personal animosities engengered by this outthrust of the raflroad industry— an industrial turmoil that turned the Federal commonwealth itself into a vast problem whose factors were greed, over. reaching, lawlessness and personal en- mities that to this day have not been | wiped off the slate of that business ex- pansion immediately following the pe- riod cf the Civil War. Laws, defining and restraining laws, had to be formu- lated out of a new industrial situation. Regulating measures had to be evolved and enacted. A great drama. An epic of human nature set dowm in the deep poten- tialities of modern circumstance whose advance in every direction is so phe- nomenal as to be dizzying, save to the steblest of minds. And much of this change was on its way when Stephen Field was an active force in public life. Bus there were other active forces in operation then. Why has Dr. Swisher singled out this one for study? Primarily, or so it seems to me, because Stephen Field was a man of vision. Yes, I know. We nowa- days hear that expression often. What does it mean? It.means, I think, | that, beyond most of the men around | him, Field saw years ahead of the im- mediate wrangling and turmoil, of the | small measures of frustration and de- feat. He saw a great country expand- ing, as if by its own inner forces—ex- | panding beyond passing measures of | hindrance and frustration. He realized that this vast land must have, not only room for such fruitions, but that it must have opportunities as well. So, in our way of speaking, he was “ahead of his times.” Because we, the bulk of mankind, are mostly incompetents, ex- pending what little power we have in thwarting the few who can do, who can achieve—that is no reason why every crippling measure that could possibly be devised against ability and enterprise should be enacted into the | law of the land. That is no reason why money and its agents should become automatically objects of suspicion and distrust. Such, in effect, was the in- intelligent and progressive and fair ad- | vocacy of this member of the Supreme | Court in interpretations for or against the legality of this or that in the multifarious decisions of the body for | the encouragement and practical regu- lations of the business world. Under- stand, Dr. Swisher makes no pro- nouncement whatever in this direction. What one does get from the whole vital story is that here is a modern-minded man, one who gathers in the whole field of economic and political values, one who, ip so far as his influence | runs, is bound to correlate these two into a lawful, workable seizure of the economic_import of this great country. | ‘To me that is the sum of this great story. And it is a great story. Great| becausg its purpose was to deliver out of our immediate past a live man of efficiency and forth-looking influerice Here is no encomium of a worthy citi- | zen who has passed on. In the first Klnce he has not sed on, nor will | e. Alive as in his own immediate years he moves through this book—a fine figure of statesmanly stature and | influence. A man of passionate na- ture, whose tempers override the man | which ordinarily consumes much of his BY FREDERIC Take advantage of this free service. If you arc one of the thousands who have patronized the bureau, write us again. If you have never used the service, begin now. It is maintained for your benefit. Be sure to send your name and address with your question, and inclose 2 cents in coin or for return postage. Address The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Fred- eric_J. Haskin, director, Washington, Q. Where can I obtain a Yorktown victory medal?—C. L. G. “A. They have not been struck off as yet; in fact, they have not yet been authorized. Q. Where is the largest carilion in the world?—C. K. A. It is the Laura Spelman Rm‘k!-‘ feller Memorial Carillon of Riverside Church, New York City. There are 72 bells, with a range of six chromatic octaves, The chimes weigh from 12 pounds to 40926 pounds each. The Iarge C bell gives 523 vibrations a min- ute, The chimes are a gift from John D. Rockefeller, jr., in hcnor of his mother. Q. Why is a 10-cent piece called a dime?—P. H. A. Dime is derived from the Latin “decima,” which means ‘‘one-tenth.” Q. What is the origin of the slang phrase “Smart aleck”?—M. M. A. The expression “Smart aleck” is said to be traced to the character in history, Alexander the Great, whose mentality was unusually well devel- o} Q. Please give some about Dick Canfleld, the famous Broad- way gambler.—T. F. M. A. Dick Canfield, whose full name was Richard Albert Canfleld, died in 1914 as a result of a fractured skull, sustained from a fall on the Subway steps. He was born in Providence, R. I, in 1855 of Scotcl®Presbyterian stock. | ¥or & while he was a clerk in various Summer resort hotels, and opened his first gambling house in 1879. Later he moved to New York. His estate was in excess of a million. Q. What is used to polish high-grade lenses and prisms?—G. L. A. The Bureau of Standards uses pine pitch for polishing high-grade nses and prisms for optical use. Q. Of what material was the Colos- seum built?—L. E. * A. The part of it which is still stand- ing is made of concrete. This material was combined with marble, but the marble has long since been removed. Q. Why is Bowling Green, Ky, S0 named?—S. B. M. A. The name s probably adopted because of Moore’s bowling alley on the open green. Q. How do the housewives of Oberam- mergau solve the menu problem during the tourist period in the littie town?— C. T C. A. 'The menus are standardized. Guests in the home of Alois Lang, for example, have the same food as do guests in the home of Guido Mtyer. This preven's dissatisfaction among tourists when they meet and discuss the accommodations of the little Bavarian town. Q. What is rock wool?—M. C. A. It is the same as mineral wool It is a thin, vitreous fiber, used as non-conductor. Some mineral wool is inférmation | $tat ‘Bowling Green was | j. HASKIN. regions between the parallels 15 degrees north and 15 ‘de- grees south latitude and from 1,000 to 4,000 feet above sea level. It is culti- vated from latitude 25 degrees north to 30 degrees south in places where the | temperature does not fall below 85 de- grees Fahrenheit. Moist and somewhat shady slopes are found most desirable. | Little streams of water are conducted | to the roots of trees which are kept very wet until the fruit is nearly ripe, then | the water is turned off to keep the fruit | from becoming too succulent. Q Is stunt flying being discouraged? | A. The United States Aviation Un- | derwriters are condemning stunt flying, | except that necessary for testing air- | planes. “They recommend that such fiy- | ing be carried on out of the sight of the | public. They feel that exhibition stunt flying is harmful to the progress of aviation, as well as safety in aviation. Q. Please give the history of postal saving W. P, G. | A. The postal savings system was in- augurated in the United States by act |of Congress ot June 25, 1910, during | the administration of Willlam Howard | Taft, and was started under Postmaster | General Frank H. Hitchcock in 1911, | Q Has Brazl a state as large as | Texas?—B. G. | "'A Brazil is larger than the United States, and is divided into only 20 states, whereas we have 48. Three of the Brazilian states are larger than Texas. Q. When does twilight end?—J. C. P. Twilight ends when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon. In low lati- tudes, because of the quickness with | which the sun traverses the 18 degrees below the horizon and the transparency of the atmosphere, there | 15 less twilight, » | @ Do Amos W' Andy broadcast in costume?—S. E. A. The National Broadcasting Co. | says that as a.rule Amos 'n’ Andy and other radio artists do not broadcast in | costume. There have been exceptions, however, when there has been a studio party following. Q. _Is a nimbus surrounding the head of a living person different from one of a saint?>—N. A. G. A. In art the nimbus, or halo of light encircling the head of Christ, is usually of gold, enriched with a cross—a tri- angular nimbus for the Father, a square one for a person still living, and dkk or fillet-shaped for a saint or martyr. Q. How was the standard for horses power established?—M. C. A. Horsepower is a standard theo- retical unit of the rate of work, equal to 33000 pounds lifted one foot high in one minute; obtained by Boulton and Watt from observation of the | dray horses working eight hours a day |at the London breweries, and used by them to indicate the wer of their steam engines. They. found that the | average horse was able to work cons tinuously in a whim-gin at the rate of 22000 foot pounds per minute. They arbitrarily increased this amount by cne-half, and this has been the stand- |ard ever since. The power of a motor, | steam engine or other source of energy {is expressed in such unit. Roosevelt Renews Interest In Local GQvernment Needs The statement of Gov. Pranklin D. Roosevelt in his inaugural address in New York that “the individual citizen is indifferent to his local government problems” seems to have struck a re- sponsive chord in many sections of the country, and editorial comments agree with his viewpoint. “your average citizen doesn't take his citizenship duties very seriously, nor does he interest himself in the conduct of public affairs until he feels the pinch of taxation or suffers from some failure or inequality of governmental machin- e ys the Raleigh News and Ob- server. “Then he wants something done about it. He wants reforms. He is in a fine frame of mind to champion any- thing different.” The Utica Observer- Dispatch, in Roosevelt's own State, say: ‘Gov. Roosevelt has thus given impres- sive help in what appears an almost hopeless effort to reawaken deep, ac- tive and continued interest in local governments. “Municipalities and States are cor- porations, but they are not run on busi- ness methods,” declares the Albany Eve- ing News, which, continuing, remarks: A board of directors made up of good business men could find ways of saving money without curtailing the necessary and advisable expenses. Yet these same business men pay little attention to the roblems of government. Government & left too much to politicians. Here is one American weakness. And that wenkness can be corrected by the sub- stantial men of each community,” con- cludes the News, In the opinion of the Newark Eve- ning News, “free government is now going through one of the most acute tests it was ever subjected to in this country, this because of changing con- ditions in the electorate. If the quality of the electorate does not improve in the next 20 years” this paper sees “real cause for alarm.” As a remedy it suggests ralsing “public thlnldng by the processes of education and self-re- straint. Local self-government is an ideal and a_privilege,” it asserts, and f the people default in making use of | it by neglecting to take an interest and leaving the management of their affairs to small politicians it loses its virtue. To this there must be an awakening if our democracy is to function without decline,” it concludes. S * kK K Contending that “it is easier for crooks and combinations of crooks to control local government than it is for them to control larger-scale government, be- cause the Nation is not so indifferent to the moral character of the National Government as communities, municipal- ities, States, are in many instances to the quality of their local government,” the Louisville Times cites this opinion as contrary to one indifference is the gause of profligate and dishonest government, the Federal Government, remote from the taxpayer, would be usually less honest and less sfficient than county, municipal or State government.” The Boston Evening Transcript thinks “many States may well examine themselves to note whether Gov. Roosevelt’s criticlsm applies to them,” and avers that “the remedy he indicates is local leadership and reor- ganization.” ) “Undoubtedly it is desirable in theory that the people should assume respon- sibility for good government, and it is true that there should be more general concern for the type of men who are elected to office,” thinks the Springfield (Mass.) Union, byt it calls attention to the fact that “the average citizen has the business of making a living time. And this paper holds that this average citizen has “a right to of mild intent now and then, a man of strong. feelings very frequently) manifest in their various moods, some- times an autocratic man—but a man | and a statesman. A pretty good way to gather up our history, this way, out of the hands of a scholar, out of the hands as well of a great teacher. of pointed and applicable events arrive, ! what better thing for us to do than to| take from such practiced and waywise hands the body of fact—of authentic, ordered, illuminated fact—that a man, like this one, offers us for a better un- derstanding of the political and social complex of which you and I ar: a part and toward owe at least an As moments, and years, |.\ attitude of intelligent comprehension and actual participation. N if you are not overzealous toward serving the public, suppose you sit down here and read one of the most natural, livelike, interesting stories imaginable of a man who for many years lived right here in Washington, one whom you have, no me walking along kings Institutleg? Maybe all about it now. going ou a few things about % before doubt, seen our streef ‘The ou kngh to tell long: often held that “if | assume that those whom he entrus with the business of government will see ctlehd.!" it is properly and honestly con= ucted. oe:.l gx g reference ';‘w cun,w::rtrxH meth- the Dayton Daily News s archaic he means that we are runnlu, government by wheelbarrow while run- ning everything else by truck. He is more right than it is pleasant to re- member,” comments this paper. * K K K Apathy in matters of government can be proved statistically, according to the New London Day, which says: “Go back and look at election returns. On the average about 80 per cent of the voters turn out for presidential elec. tions. About 60 per cent vote for Gov+ ernor. Given a purely local election, and in most towns and cities the aver- age of voters to the”total eligible to vote will be less than half, sometimes less than 20 per cent. Yet local affairs are of primary importance to us all,” this paper confends, since “local govern- ment costs the average man nearly half of all he pays for ail government. It gives him by far the most of all the benefits of government. To it he de- votes far less thought, far less sacrifice of effort.” Calling the Governor’s address “a brief philcsophic discussion of government,” the Cleveland Plain Dealer comments: “Pointing out that the problems of local government have increased enorm in the last three decades, that in addi- tion to enormous growth of city rflyuh- tions a new typ2 of community, the suburban area, has been born, he re- minds his fellow citizens that they ‘ex- pect the old machinery of local govern= ment_without redesigning to carry the new load. Here is a message as perti= nent to the people of Ohio as to the citizens of New York. The Governor at Albany has not di his politi~ cal stature by this interesting discussion oug government as he begins his second m.” e Future Inventions. | Prom the Sioux City Journal, | It is Thomas A. Edison’s belief that the principal inventions in the futur will be in the realm of health. He ex. pects biologists and chemists to lead the way in scientific research, although it may be better to qualify the celebrated inventor’s statement by suggesting that biologists and chemists will- make dis« coveries rather than contrivances. Mr. Edison apparently based his pre- diction on the simple idea of necessity | being the mother of invention. He would apply this also to research and discovery. “There is too much sick= ness,” he declared, “Something will have to be done about it, and that is where biology and chemistry come in.” He thus puts dependence in humanity’'s recegnition of an obligation to itself and its development of superefficiency in solving the difficult problem of its own bodily ills. None of which is taken to mean thai either biology or chemistry has lagy far behind as other sciences made great progress. Rather, it is to admit that in the realm of human health there is a vast amount of knowledge yet to be gained. The physician and the surgeon readily admit that the field only has been entered. Every day there is some~ thing new in both chemistry and biol- ‘ogy in the application of prevention and treatment. & N ‘Man has been his own greatest mys- tery. He has understood far more about other things than about himself. A century ago, when various other sciences were far advanced, comparatively speak= ing, the medical profession did amount to much. In the last two or three generations the progress has been remarkable. In the last decade medi~ cine and surgery have leaped forward. One gets the impression, in looking back over the tedious, difficult progress the medical profession has made, say, in the last 50 years, that the human animal is possessed of an endless array of peculiarities and mysteries, No other species approaches it in- this ‘which probably is due to. the man's environment 1s ent In addition, man is a m sil{ve lcr::u:;e mmThany ‘;thet in the animal kingdom. us the and surgeon are obliged to s‘t‘m only the results as to ills, but to search Mteresting things, I thi} nd think just that, I thefl-—over g(n you wi g0 oV seves to Jw‘hlch take them into almost - of human endeavors ~ for the causes, the ramifications of every field