Evening Star Newspaper, January 1, 1931, Page 8

{THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.....January 1, 1031 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star per Company ey a vivania Ave. E'&a%m:."wfl? b Rate the City. 450 ter month 5 60c per month per month per ench month or telephone 5 el Rate by Mall—Payable In.A:'vI-u. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclu $o the use for rea;lhhelllon of credited to It ot not otherwis in this paper and also the I ed herein. Al rights of publ! herein are also se c new: Hailing the New Year With Hope. Last night's demonstrations on the passing of the year 1930 and the arrival of 1931 were undoubtedly in the main prompted by a hope that the new period ! Wil be much better for human wel- fare than the oid. Por 1930 was not | o truth a good year, as regards the | fortunes of mankind. It began badly. Wwith a running start of business T wverses and a shrinkage of values It hitched and halted in its development and with & few signs of Teviving pros- Q@ecreased, the climate played & vicious | prank that seriously affected the farm- | Quirter the country was in & sed state, | of prcvenung wages. But can they attain this wish Perhaps it is too soon after ter of "20-30 for this condi- be gained. A determined will the best of things and to carry ployment for all classes of workers. hopes are resilient, bounding up readily after discouragement. There was, at all events, the feeling that 1931 could not be as bad as 1930 in point of busi- ness depression, that it would probably be better, that the worst was over, and whatever was to come would be & gain. The losses have been counted. The country seems to feel that the liquida- tion of the disaster has been completed, and that the scale of trade is reascend- ing, however slowly. And that is why 1981 is so heartily halled. —_— r———————— Many financial observers have de- clared that the year “1931” will see & decided and rapid improvement in busi- Dess. They put a special emphasis on the greeting appropriate to todsy. —————————— Even should beer come back, a cer- tain element of disappointment is likely to arise. A large number of persous may have lost their taste for it. A New Year Navy Resolution. President Hoover today formally pro- claims the London naval treaty to be in force. Last night Secretary of State Stimson, who had so potent & part in its conclusion, acclaimed the pact as & “happy augury for peace” His eulogy would have carried even a greater appeal to the national imagina- tion if Col. Stimson had coupled with it an exhortation to Congress to bulld the treaty mavy. ‘The Nation could make no finer New Year’s resolve than to determine that the parity fleet our delegates achieved st London shall actually be laid down, completed and commissioned. The moment the President declares the limi- tation agreement to be effective, it becomes law. Before the Executive proclamation became possible, ratifica- tion of the law was voted by the United Btates Senate, as is necessary in the case of & treaty with foreign powers. ‘The ecountry hears much nowadays of law enforcement and law observance. is mandatory. In other words, while H i to it to attain a definite object, and, having secured it, would proceed to avai] tea. | expense of roundly eight dollars. de not proceed to give it form mlmxmmmwmmpm-’ substance In ships and guns? In l:lhlfll“flwm universe hardly ever before so torn They are both lost to the amateur witia .arious internal animosities and | thrill-seekers because of the rather fan- international rivalries, any one of many | tastic conception of the powers that be of them capable of igniting another|of what constitutes the difference be- world conflagration, is this the time for | tween amateurism and professionalism. statesmanship to minimize the import- | But their likenesses on the screen will ance of effective defensive establish-|appear for all to see, and by means of ment? slow moving pictures every movement The new year opens with the fervent | of the swing of the golf club and of hope, rather than the assured promise, | the tennis racket can be closely ob- of maintained peace. With no scintilla | served. It is entirely unlikely that even of warlike or aggressive purpose in the | the most minute study of Bobby's pic- heart of any American statesman or | tures will reduce the score of the duffer citizen now alive, the United States|or that watching Tilden smash the ball cannot and will not be suspected ofjacross the court in moving pictures will 7 | ulterior motives in proceeding, by steady | by itself produce a serious rival for stages, to build the treaty Navy Lon-|John Doeg, who garnered the national don gave us. Congress has the duty to|singles championship last year. It will take corresponding steps, the small|be interesting entertainment, though, voloe of the pacifist group to the con-|and that is about all that movie fans trary notwithstanding. The people can demand. And, besides, there is should ask Congress to join in the New | probably no one in the wide, wide world Year resolution to see the treaty fleet| who begrudges either Jones or Tilden launched without delay. Its estimated | one cent of what they will gather for ap- cost of a billion dollars, more or less, | pearances before the grinding cameras. spread over eight or ten years, as is — projected, works out at a per capita “Safety Zone” a Misnomer. ‘The injury of four persons by a hit- Could there conceivably be any 4 and-run driver, while they were stand- cheaper life insurance than that—na- ing in a so-called “safety zone" on Con- tional life insurance? It is & preciously | o yione ke Mgty 20 o aor Uncle Bam and | yne other night, calls renewed attention 122,000,000 children to pay for guar-[,¢ 207 MEE o E antees against loss of, or damage to,| Pegreas these the things the Republic holds most|® o traffic. dear. It may be that all but the very excep- < tional motorist will scrupulously ob- Electric Rate Adjustment. serve these ‘“safety zones,” especlally o & when human beings are seen standing The Public Utilities Commission’s in- | j, them. At thé best, however, they are | quiry into the electric light rates under mere makeshifts. the consent decree entered ten Years| They are only “safe” if the motorists 2go and its subsequent determination to choose to make them so. The excep- ek furiher concessions for the ccn- | tional man behind the wheel shows in ers. with or without court action, is a few seconds just how terribly unsafe {not 1 be interpreted, as Mr. Ham seems | they are, and what chances all those | to interpret it, as a desire to muddy the | who take “refuge” in them run. waters, and destroy a beneficent and ef- As long as there is no physical bar- | ficlent system of Tate adjustment or 85 | rier which will deter the careless or in- different motorist, such zones will con- tinue to be unsafe. Even to label them “safety zones” is to place a fictitious worth upon them which they by no means possess. The situation along those two great arteries, Wisconsin and Connecticut avenues, is peculiarly dangerous. Thou- sands of persons, of all ages, stand along these avenues every morning to catch street cars and busses for work. As the “safety zone” plan now works out, these patrons of the public utilities but 3t has not shared enough. The |, .’ foreed to trust to @ transcendent facts that rates in Washinglon 27€|gegree in the bump of caution of their relatively low—among the Jowest In the | rooy men who drive motor cars. country—and that the system of fXINg | g, gystem of true safety zones rates here has won the praise Of| g4 repiace these danger spots, of & fnancial and public utility Journals |y .'epicn would make them safe in throughout the Jand are all beside the Sk Il ian AT point. The point is that the system can and should yield even greater bene- TSy M Railways are being merged for the fits to the public without injuring the company. purpose of saving expense. The wicked The new rates, which now become |old merger which relied on a ‘monopoly effective, are not satisfactory from the |calculated to compel the public to pay point of view of those who contend|more for service may now be regarded that they are still too high and remain (as a myth along with the fire-eating too high in the face of the Public Utili- | octopus and the malefactor of great ties Commission’s admission that the|wealth. company’s returns are excessive. But| here one should give the Public Utilities Commission the benefit of the doubt.| It has first taken what it could get without fighting. And having put into effect the lower rates, it has determined to make its real battle. The Public Utllities Commission would not have shown good judgment had it delayed e e e o "the. pocciniy| A sense of security would prevail if tedious and long-drawn-out proces‘s of [t could be understood that further amending the consent decree. It is|War Will not be permissible until all better to take all that can be gained the expenses pertaining to previous war under the deeree as it stands, and pro- have been wiped out. ceed to later revisions on the new basis. A B el The continuance of the principle em-| A mahout is a man supposed to bodied in the consent decree depends manage an elephant. Senator Norris upon the company. The Public Utili-|is evidently regarded by his friends as ties Commission hopes that satisfactory | capable of what appears to be a for- amendments may be agreed upon with midable undertaking. the company without litigation. If et there is failure to agree, the only re- course will be an abrogation of the‘ decree by reopening the old fight over valuation. This would necessarily in- volve a revalustion, which is an alto- gether desirable thing anyhow. The best advantages to all concerned would lie, however, in a substitute form of an expression of dissatification with the | results of that system. The Public Utilities Commission has | reaffirmed its approval of the system of | annual adjustment of rates on the basis | of earnings, wherein the public, as well ss the company. receives the benefits of he excess profits. Tbe point is that >aTnings of the company under the con- sent decree have exceeded the expec- tations of those who framed it in the | beginning They have become excessive. | The pubdlic has shared in the benefits, - The political zoo has always puzzled students of natural history as applied to national events. It is remarkable how opinions may differ. There is now an argument as to whether Sena- tor Norris is to be classified as & chameleon or a watch dog. Pistols and poison have figured ex- tensively in the annals of 1930. There was never a New Year when a leaf” was more in order. —— e SHOOTING STARS. ‘Why cannot people do what they say they will? They range from who freely make promises out of & clear sky, as it were, without compulsion, to those who are forced to something or other. In any event, they mise to do something—and then fall to do it. Their actions, whether great or small, strike at the very foundations of civi- lization. For to be on time, and especially to keep one's promise in being on 3 is a great deal in a world where the watch and clock take on vast impor- tance. ‘There may be dolce far niente lands, where time is disregarded, where all goes to the tune of tomorrow, but surely e e eeve. in. prompt. ‘e, as a people, - ness, We demand it of our trains and #irplanes, and wish it from our friends. T be late is not & national failing. 1t anything, we are “ahead of time. We want to see the whole show. * Kk ok * The man who tells you he will do so and 8o, or be at such a place at a cer- tain time, or will be to see you at a certain time, thereby demands accept- anc> of his word. other y to the If you, as the party deal, were to question him, whether he o g s Intsirity Into duestion. it as nf y 3 And pmmffly fails to do what he has_promises flverolcflm shows & complete dis- regard of you, the other, for he cannot know how much wasted time and in- convenience he causes. If he would not promise. all might be well. Then no one would be forced to wait for him! But when he promises to be at such-and-such a place, he ought to_be there. In all honesty, one may submit, he ought to be there. Dentists have a sys- fem of making such culprits pay for broken engagements, but the scheme cannot be extended to take in the per- sons of whom we speak. ‘The victims, as always, are those who trust their fellow men. “He sald he would do it.” Such is the sublime faith of many a person as they wait for a shadow which does not materialize. “He said he would be here.” Such is the faith in the spoken word, alas, often to disappointment! * ok o % It seems that those who do not do what they say they will, scrupulously, might burnish up their own idea of their own word. A man’s pledge, especially when un- solicited, ought to be taken seriously by himself before all the world. Others might disbelieve him if they liked—he could not prevent that—but there is one person in the world to whom he can be true, and that is him- self. And if he disappoints that fel- fow, whom will he not disappoint? 8o many of these promises which are made and broken are of little moment, but that is no excuse for them, for in their aggregate effect upon the charac- ter of one involved they are of great portance. There is no exact measure, of course, of the harm done by such failures. ‘Teachers no longer stand over one, as THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. they did in school, to mark down de- merits, or lump one's efforts into a | 3 ok asod” oF nof : Every man is answerable, in the last degree, to himself, and perhaps if he finds no harm in promising something which he does not fulfill, maybe there is no harm done. It is impossible to say. But some of us have a very definite idea that one’s promise ought to_mean something. In the days of old the oath was held to, even if common sense pointed the other way. The knights put more stock in their pl word than they did in the situation. No matter how it had changed, demanding a different course, they went right ahead doing what they promised, no matter if it worked the opposite way, under the changed wndiflonn Such procedure was & reduction to an absurdity, of course, but it at least was_consistent. ~Consistency may be the bugbear of little minds, as Emerson sald, but at least it hds the merit of letting one know where it stands. * ok ok o ‘The man who falls to do what he says he will do leaves one in the lurch, in small ways as well as large ones. Many a housewife, for instance, is kept waiting at home for one who promised, for instance, to come give an estimate on certain orders of house furnishings or repairs, The man himself may have set Mon- morning as the time. en he does not show up, she will not know whether he will be there later the same day, or wait until to- morrow. According to her own tem- perament, she will wait or not wait. ; If she walts, it may be Wednesday or Thursday before he shows up; in the meantime she loses valuable hours of shopping or re lon, If she goes on about her business of shopping or playing bridge, the man rings the doorbell half an hour after she leaves, And so it goes. The small affair of every day, as well as the major matters of extraordinary days, suffer from a l:llgre‘w’keep promises. One should consider every promise as serious, therefore, and not say one will do a certain thing unless he means to do it. ‘Then, to keep his word, he should make a determined effort to keep it, or, lacking that, to get in touch with the other party involved and ex- plain the situation. It would seem, with the telephone at hand, that there is no legitimate cxcuse today for any one not to do another human being this simple courtesy. Perhaps it all gets back to lack of consideration for others. The world of men of today is fond of talking about 1931, A8 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, JANUARY 1 M The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln, Just before the Christmas holidays of the commil continue its investigations through the first session of the new Congress, which probably will begin next December and run until May or June or even later in 1032. By that time there will be an- other campaign well under way. In other words, it is held in some quarters, the Nye Committee might conceivably be made a continuing body for still an- other two years, or six years in all. The resolution offered by Senator Nye also gives to the committee $50,000 additional to carry on its invéstigations. ok ‘The funds originally provided for the Nye Committee are running low. Also, without further authorization, the com. mittee would wind up its activities at the close of the present Congress, March 4. Senator Nye and officers of the Republican National Committee, in- cluding Joseph R. Nutt, treasurer, and Robert H. Lucas, executive director, are at present engaged in a fine row, with all three of them belaboring each other because of charges made by Nye that his | you. BY FREDERI ‘This newspaper puts at your & corps of ers in Wash- ington, who will answer questions for ernment the libraries, museums, galleries and public bufldings and to the numerous associations which maintain headquarters in the Nation's Capital, If they can be of assistance to you, write your question plainly, and send with 2 cents in coin, or stamps, to ‘The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic_ J. Haskin, director, Wash- ington, D. ©. Q. Did Man o' War ever race on the Laurel, Md., track? . R. A. Man o' War never raced at Laurel. He ran at two Maryland tracks, Pimlico and Havre de Grace, and his other races were in New York and Canada. He started only 21 times, winning 20 races and running second, the only time he was defeated. . _About how many people are in ho!qvltals in this munt!y?—l(. O. B. A. In 1928 it was estimated that the average number of patients, not includ- ing new-born bables, in the hospitals of a speclal account of $50,000 set up in the Commercial National Bank here was a “slush fund” to be used im- properly to defeat Republican Progres- sives seeking re-election to the Senate. Whether regular Republicans in the Senate will take kindly, under these circumstances, to continuing the Committee In power and to giving it an additional $50,000 remains to be seen. The Nye Committee has been criticized by some of the regulars on the ground that it has been used almost entirely for political purposes and to injure the regular Republicans and advance the interests of the Progressives. There may fine fight in the Scnate over the whole matter. The Nye resolution, under the rules of the Senate, has been referred to the Senate Committee on Audit and Con- trol of the Contingent Fund of the Sen- ate, the committee which must pass upon all proposed expenditures out of that fund. This committee is headed by Senator Deneen of Illinois, who was defeated for renomination by Mrs. Ruth guns first veloping the campaign Mrs. McCormick herself expended more than a quarter of a million dollars and that other money was also contributed to her cam- paign. The committee had as much to do as any other factor in the cam- paign in creating opposition to Mrs. McCormick, which ended in the elec- tion of James Hamilton Lewis, Demo- cratic opponent of Mrs. McCormick. * x ok Cormick, de: her the “accelerated pace” of living, as if men of past ages had no affairs. ‘Too often this fast “pace” is used as an excuse, and nothing more, to ex- lain lack of consideration for fellow uman beings. Perhaps only in Heaven will there be perfect thought for others, but it does seem as if a little thought along this line would make conditions better in this respect in this world. What can be done by each person of scrious in- tention is to see to it that he, at least, does what he says he will. Ret—l;’ Grip on Russia Tightens As Stalin Ousts Moderates Changes in Russia forecast by Joseph Stalin’s action as dictator in removing Alexis Rykoff from the post corre- sponding to premier in other govern- ments are interpreted by Americans as proof that the Russian government is fully identified with Communism. Holding no important official position with the Soviet, Stalin is the world leader of the Communists, and his action is declared to mean that the driving of laborers into & human machine and the carrying out of the so-called five-year plan will be inaugurated in earnest. Conviction that “representative gov- ernment in Russia is a towering pyra- mid, with the man at the apex far re- moved from the general electorate,” is voiced by the Newark Evening News, with the conclusion that “it is not difi- cult for a man in the unofficial but pow- erful position Stalin occuples to decide who shall occupy the positions.” That paper continues: “Stalin is the inspiring spirit of the industrial revolution in Russia, the inventor of the drastic labor allotment policy and the father of the five-year plan. The Mensheviki were for moderation, for taking six or ten years to complete the five-year plan, for exporting less wheat and eating more white bread. But now Menshevist Rykoff can join the once redoubtable agreement between the Public Utilities B e Commission and the company that would continue the principle now in effect, but would take cognizance of some of the undoubtedly sound objec- tions raised by William McK. Clayton, for the Federation of Citizexns' Associa- tions, and People’s Counsel Keech. The Public Utilities Commission is to be commended for the course it has i!dom.ed, ————— Farmers said some time ago that they desired relief and they still desire it. In ordinary years a drought was | broken in the course of time after| causing a large amount of inconven- lence. The farmer is unequivocal in declaring that the situation this time | represents not mere inconvenience, but positive calamity. e e A Frank and Simple Friend. As Pather Time goes on his way, ‘We do not undertaks to say Just how he travels, fast or slow; For Einstein, these are left to know. Yet while no mathematic skill Lends us an intellectual thrill We know that Father Time will bring His way at last 'mid blossoming. We know that as just now he goes His trail will lead us through the snows. Of “time dimensions” we can't tell, But what we know still serves us well. | As Fate Varies. “What has become of the cattle thieves who used to frequent Crimson Gulch?” “Since those days,” answered Cactus Joe, “meat has kept gettin’ so high from year to year, that we're not sure which of those boys were exccuted in the old-fashioned way, and which of them are now multimillionaires.” Valuable immunities are earned by extraordinary depth of intellect. All that is expected of Prof. Einstein is to preserve a suitable facial expression and not disturb the photographer, v ———— Endurance, Some inconsistencies we see That often bring us smiles. She couldn’t walk a block; but she Can dance for twenty miles. | | Golf and Tennis Films. ‘The moving pictures now rate one hundred per cent in golf and tennis. For the silver screen will soon present for the edification of the public the| “To claim knowledge of supernatural greatest golfer and the greatest tennis | things,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- player of all time. Bobby Jones, wizard | town, “enables us to give more care to of the fairways, capitulated to the lure | the invention of wonderful tales than of the films some weeks ago, much to | to the proofs of them. the consternation of his followers over the green hills and dales, but much to Overwhelming Knowledge. his own development of the Jones ex- | The magazines still come to view chequer. Now comes “Big Bill” Tilden,| With grave opinions aptly told. master racket wielder of them all, who | If I thought all of them were true has dominated tennis for a longer time | I'd know more than my head could than Bobby Jones has golf, with the hold. announcement that he is to retire from the amateur game became he has sign- “Old friends,” said Uncle Eben, “likes United States under the London|!ed s contract with & moving picture | to sit down an’ remember things. Some- treaty has the right to build so-and-so- ships of such-and-such types, it not compelled to construct them. But | conjure with in golf and tennis! American people, unless they were | more —at least in Tilden's case — will ly mistaken as to the declared | they delight cheering thousands by their | Prom the New Orleans States. purpose of the London Conference, ex- | mastery of their respective games. No pected that our delegates were going|more in amateur competition will “Big g.umrm times dey got to show a little judgment What names to|in pickin’ out a few things to forget.” No T company. Jones and Tilden! Change at Minute’s Notice. If there is any foundation for those e mat of wisdom to ceept Stailn's " e of lom accept n's , | BIll” ace his oppanent with one of his | gnnouncement that he has not been 1 | bulletlike serves, comparable in power | assassinated as subject to change at any themselves of the implied advantages.|and intensity to that former flashing | moment. Over and over again, from the lips | meteor of the courts from California, of President Hoover and other author- Azed snokesmen. the axenvance hae eome | shant. all he had, but which was suf- that the overtowering victory we won |clent to cussy him to high honors. No ot London was the achievement of equality at sea with the greatest naval' marvel world, Great Britain. grace with which Jones propels a tiny that ha is that victory, i we white ball three hundred yards down . boosted in what i the avail 2 r——— -|“Red” O'Loughlin, whose serve was| Classed With “Make Believe.” Prom the Detroit News. 'n!\‘n vtemw of some oeonomma;‘h-t m f | more will a crowd of rabid golf addicts | much gold brings on es baffled us more perhaps than anything o e it e M e the Hammond commission found ving too many soft coal mines the price of coal ) Trotsky in exile, while Stalin goes alone on his inexorable way.” That the dictator “has held no gov- ernment position since 1923, when he was relleved as commissar of nation- alities to devote all his time to duties as secretary general to the Russian Com- munist party,” is pointed out by the San Antonio Express, with the state- ment that “he directs affairs from be- hind the scenes;” that “he rarely ap- pears at public functions or meets for- eigners, and even avoids contact with cugllgmu accredited to the Soviet n.” * ok ok * “Rykofl’s retirement,” in the judg- ment of the Lynchburg News, “removes the last strong man under Stalin and makes the latter, for the moment at least, absolute ruler of all Russia. Trotsky of the left and Rykoff of the right win of the bolshevist forces are gone; only Stalin is left. With Mussolini of Italy he stands before the world as the great exponent, with unlimited powers within his own realm, of the doctrine of mak- ing man over into a machine, of mak- ing a system of government in whose philosophy there is not room at all for any theories of liberty of action, liberty of thought, liberty of soul and in which individuality 1s submerged completely in the mass.” “Rykoff was stripped of office and read out of the party,” and he “has been rendered so harmless that he will probably not share the fate of Trotsky,” says the Loulsville Courier-Journal, while the Scranton Times believes that Stalin “Is taking no chances in keep- ing in key positions men whose loyalty to his cause is in any way doubtful” The Cleveland Plain Dealer states: “Lenin, were he living, would be much too moderate for Stalin, the man who made the fire-year plan. Yet one has become 30 accustomed to strange things in Russia that Stalin does not loom n our imaginations. Lenin and Trotsky did loom most ominously. It will re- quire the perspectivc of a generation or more to give mankind a true estimate of Stalin.” “8o long as Stalin is the sole domi- nating figure in the Moscow govern- ment, his chances of retaining his po- sition are reasonably safe,” remarks the Springfield _(Mass.) Union, but the Providence Bulletin maintains that “the absence of leaders does not mean the end of protest,” but that “Stalin, at the height of his power, sits on the most dangerous volcano in the world today.” * ok x “The farce of the Moscow trial” ac- cording to the Youngstown Vindicator, “was put on a few weeks ago to win support for the five-year dream and quell opposition t) Stalin. Evidently it served its p:nrgou and prepared way for Ryl to go. Stalin’s ition cannot afford to be logical. he finds that the sufferings of the people are endangering his own position he is quite likely to slow up the headlong pace at which he has been driving them—provided that he does not see ruin in such a course. For the time element is t him and the the Birmingham News, which suspects that Stalin “felt that an easy-going fellow like Rykoff is a dangerous man to have about at a time when full steam ahead is the order.” That paper continues: “In Stalin there is appar- ently no shadow of tenderness toward Russians in this crisis. If allocation of labor means ‘forced labor,” as League of Nations experts declare, that doesn’t keep Stalin awake nights. He is ob- sessed by a dream of a self-contained Russia freed at last of capitalistic in- fluences. And perhaps he realizes that if he doesn’t put through the five-year program, the Russians who are submit- ting to tremendous discomforts to see it through may start another revolution not foreseen by Nichola Lenin or any of his successors.” “Call it slavery, call it peonage, or call it drafting labor,” argues the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail, “there seems to be no doubt that labor in Rus- sia is not free in any of the senses in which labor is free countries other than in Soviet Russia. Trustworthy re- ports from Russia indicate that while theoretically workers in Russia retain the right to quit their jobs on seven days’ notice, yet they become ‘deserters’ if they exercise this right, and the gov- ernment employment agencies, through which only work can be obtained, are forbidden to give skilled workers who have left a job any other except a man- ual labor one at which they must work for six months before again acquiring the status of a skilled laborer.” The Buffalo Evening News concludes that “the removal of Rykoff from a po- sition of influence in the Soviet council displaces another of the men on whom Americans of the Borah type have rest- ed their hopes that the Russian system might develop, after all, into a move- ment for the benefit of the people.” -t Urges Six-Day Week For U. S. Prison Guards To the Editor of The Star: Reading the papers, I notice a lot of rumpus is being raised on five-day weeks and half holidays on Saturday to relieve unemployment. But nothing is said about men who would be thank- ful for one day off a week. They are the guards who work at the Federal prisons. These men work every day, Sundays and holidays, supposed to be on duty 24 hours a day, subject to call at any time without any extra time. If they do get a day off at a rare occasion, it is taken off their vacation allowance. Some places they are lucky if they get one day off a month. After talking about relieving the unemploy- ment, let them investigate the prison guards who are always on. They would appreciate it if they could get one day off in seven. 'HESTER MORRIS. ——or—s Jobless Turn to Augean Task. From the Philadelphia Inquirer. rts from more than 300 citles to the President’s Emergency Commission on Unemployment indicate that con- struction work has been undertaken on a large scale. Low building costs have made timely the launching of ventures hitherto delayed by high prices and re- habilitations hitherto neglected. One of the most interesting experi- ments concerns the g‘ocn.m of the Housing Association in Pittsburgh. Un- safe dwellings are being demolished and municipal codes are being enforced to provide better sanitary conditions for families in moderate or straitened cir- cumstances who rent the homes in which they live. This does not mean, of course, that Pittsburgh will be permanently rid of slums. Slums are the inevitable by- product of congested lations, just as dirt is the inevitable by-product of business in any office, shop or factory. The trouble is that the slums are not cleaned up T One of the pe- riodic overhaulings is now overdue. It will bring less suffering than when the housing the refugees no place else to go. If the slum owners want their patrons back, they must pro- vide better accommodations. Mean- while the Housing Association is trying to encourage the movement for lower rents. Sometimes Wrong. longer the woes of the people are pro- tracted the more precarious the whole Soviet scheme becomes.” “Rykoff was too eonservative,” avers From the Florence (Ala.) Herald. th buz“:hh dn-:*th'!mply that the ves, jority is always right. Outside of the Illinois senatorial campaign, the Nye committee has re- ceived the greatest amount of publicity in its inquiries in Nebraska and Penn- sylvania. It has never yet made a final report on the Pennsylvania senatorial election, where Senator James J. Davis was chosen Senator by a large majority over his Democratic opponent. However, when Senator Davis presented himself to take the oath of office at the outset of the present session of Congress, Scnator Nye sought to have him step aside until the committee could make a further investigation of his case. No further report has been made on Penn- sylvania and it is understood that hear- ings are still to be held in connection |- with the Keystone State election. Under such circumstances, it would appear that had Senator Davis acquiesced in the request of Mr. Nye he would still be cooling his heels on the Senate doorstep. The Nebraska senatorial election has been given even more attention by the Nye Committee the Illinols or Pennsylvania campaigns. Yet it is pointed out by critics of the Nye Com- mittee among the regular Republicans that there never was any question about the nomination of Senator Norris or any charge that he obtained his nomi- nation or election by fraudulent means. They insist that Senator Nye took his committee into Nebraska to aid in the election of Senator Norris and for no other purpose. Senator Nye, on the other hand, insists that the committee has been trying to show up the efforts of the power trust and other big inter- ests to defeat Senator Norris for re- election. * ok k% It won't be long now before the is- latures of the States which elthe?l‘ose or gain in representation in the House because of the new apportionment un- der the 1930 census are called upon glonl:tdlltflc’t roruge election of their essmen. less uf through a bill or Jomcmmmmnpby March 4, the close of this session, the reapportionment will be proceeded with automatically. An effort is to be made by Representatives of some of the States losing seats in the House by the re- apportionment to amend the law so as to count only “citizens” in the enumera- tion made for apportionment of repre- sentation in the House to the States. In other words, they would leave out of the count all “aliens.” If this were done, States like New York, New Jer- sey, Massachusetts, Illinois and others which have a large foreign-born popu- lation might lose representation and some of the agricultural and Southern lsuttzel might regain what they have lost. Representative Dickinson of Iowa, Senator-elect, has taken considerable interest in this matter. His State will lose part representation in the House under the reapportionment. The Census Bureau has been asked to make a re- port on the number of aliens in each of the States, and what effect the elimination of the aliens from the enumeration would have on the ap- portionment of the House representa- tion to the States. This report has not yet been received. When it is, a bill is likely to be introduced to change the law so as to provide for enumeration of “citizens” only in making the ap- portionment. o e The Constitution provides that “Rep- resentatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, ex- cluding Indians not taxed.” There is & further provision that if the right to vote in any election for President, for Representatives in Congress or mem- bers of the Legislature is abridged, the representation shall be abridged. There the United States, was slightly over 700,000 Q. What ship was the first to enter the Panama Canal after it was com- pleted?>—E. N. A. It was the 8. 8. Ancon. Q. What church in New York City is known as the Actors’ Chapel?—E. B. A. 8t. Malachy’s Church on #orty- ninth street, just west of Broadway, is 0 designated. It has recently been re- modeled and enlarged. The church is attended largely by theatrical peuple, | members of the sporting world and other residents of the surrounding hotel distriet. Q. Do any birds fly so high that they cannot be seen?—J. C. A. Many birds do. Among them are, in particular, many varieties of warblers. Q. Please describe the G-38.—W. W. A. 18 o s, s an a Te: 14"1/7/ !eetwmfl four motors. B has & g -horse- power engines, Junkers L-88, are inside the wing, where they can be adjusted while the plane is in flight. The weight of the ship, empty, is 28,600 pounds; laden, 52,800 pounds. Q. When was the first law promulgat- e_dcregtln( to the adulteration of food? A. The first protective food law qn record was English and bears the date of 1203, st Q. Is there a standard music score for the blind?—D. 8. A. Negotiations to develop an inter- national system of music notation have been going on for some time and be- ginning January 1 the Braille Press has put into effect a standardized system S0 that musiclans of any nation may be able to read the music of any other country. Q. What is the name of the college A NAZIONE, Florence.—There has lately died at Aquila, near Rome, the Signorina Dominnina Zancia, the world’s woman, not in ment stature, but in ponderosity. Zancia, though only 20 years old, weighed 250 kilograms (551 pounds). Associated with a circus, she traveled in a specially constructed ) 85 she could not enter a railway coach or ordinary motor car. * k k * Compares U. S. Prosperity ‘With That of Brazil. A Noite, Rio de Janeiro.—In the midst of our own political perplexities, some of us appear to have.plenty of time for the discussion of other peo- ple’s troubles. In contrast with the opinion generally held of conditions in the United States as regards unemploy- ment, lawlessness and poverty, are the first-hand views of Alvaro Cor- rea, who has just returned to Rio from a visit to New Orleans, Cincinnati, Bal~ timore and New York. Senhor Correa made a careful ob- servation and study of the economic state of the country, particularly in the urban centers cited, and informs us that though the country is supposed to be suffering from a business depres- sion, nevertheless such activity in man- ufacturing, merchandising and enter- tainment was never known in Brazil even in its most p TOUS eras. If, as we so often hear, the laws and institutions of the United States are failures, how is it possible to account for the vast expenditures of the te and Federal Governments for. education, medical aftention, highway improve- ment and many other benefits? There are said to be variously from two to five million unemployed. If so, this is only a temporary condition, already being corrected, and were it not for the fact that the United States has admitted and absorbed 6,000,000 foreigners since the World War, all her own citizens would be now at work. “Her reception and putting to work the unemployed of other lands has made their unemployment problems far less difficult than they otherwise would have been,” is the contention of Senhor Cor- rea. “The national debt, incurred for world-wide democracy, is also being re- duced by vast sums annually. The amount remitted from these obligations last year is sald to have been nearly one billion dollars. It is contended that the country would be even more pros- perous if the laws prohibiting the use of liquor were more generally observed, if crime were dealt with more se- But if these measures and con- e what are denominated ‘fail- ures’ in the United States, any other country that I know of would be the better to supersede its ‘successes’ with America’s failures!” is likelihood that if the effort is made * oK K K to cut down the representation of some of the big industrial States in the House by elimin 7 the count of aliens, a move will ;. mediately develop to cut down the representation of some of the Southern Stat.:, in which, it is charged. many of the Negroes are not permitted to vote, by one device or another, The claim is made by some of the constitutional lawyers in the Senate that since the Constitution provides for the count of all persons in a State, the aliens, who continue to be “per- sons.: {cnnnnt n,ble excllclded from :}le count for apportionment purposes. Mr. Dickinson and others, on the other hand, say that Congress has the right to construe the meaning of the word “person” as used in the Constitution to cover only citizens of the United States. To meet this constitutional objection, it possible a resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution, exclud- allens from the enumeration for the purpose of House apportionment, introduced, and if it could re- ceive a two-thirds vote of both houses, then it would be submitted to the States for their roval. In that event an effort would be made to put through a Joint resolution holding up all reappor- tionment of the House until after the States had an opportunity to pass upon the constitutional amendment. In view of the fact, however, that only two months of the session of Congress rel , it does not appear likely that the reapportionment under the 1930 census, as already announced, cii be halted. LE RN Senator Walsh of Montans, who re- French Families Eat Foods Not Passed by Inspectors. Le Matin, France.—While all the com- modities intended for human consump- tion in Paris are carefully examined by government inspectors in the Halles Centrales, and in all the other abat- toirs, warehouses and market places of the capital, it is undoubtedly true many foodstuffs are eaten which have not been subjected to this inspection. Though this is not & time of war, the poorer classes find it increasingly difficult to keep soul and body united, and for lack of money to buy proper materials are obliged to eat sometimes domestic ani- mals not normally classified edible. Many horses and mules are eaten, but cently came to the defense of the Nye Committee in its investigation of the Norris campaign in Nebraska, laid him- self wide o&'n to the retort, promptly made by the Republicans, that Mr. Walsh, as a Democrat, would mtnu.\‘lj support Senator Norris, who some the regular Republicans insist i 8 Democrat and not a Republican. The Democn'gl. wl:=. to this t‘l.me. h;ve let the Repul , progressives and regu- lars, fight this matter out, as to whether Norris is a Republican or a Democrat. f the Democrats are to decide who is a Republican and who is not, it may change the line of ment_consider- ablv. Thepe are som who are it tying up ‘toe s.cpunlican Progressives—Wl tinue to claim they are Rep and are likely to leave the in the Mrch on election dey. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS myh-vuao:-wthauov-h Of | crack the leather. Highlights on the Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands C J. HASKIN. that is to have a gourse in 8 ol s&%?wmfl’i% wa 3 course designed for training l':udcz:h ‘who their way through school Q. Who s the new gwrnor general of Australla?—M. L, M. A. ir Isaac Alfred Isaacs, & native= fimm“u“mzm and xm:ex'-’ chief ma s country, was recently appoint by King George to that office. e e was Knute Rockne born? A. He was born at Voss, Norway, March 4, 1888. P Q. If a tree were to fall, and there were no ear to hear, would there be prA oy A AR 3 5 T answer renukd.j.fl a. F. A. The word “sound” is used in two *meh'dl ’:‘mm the psyc sensatiol that of ot;m physicist, sound is of vibratory motion which may ceived by the ear. In the case falling tree, there would be no so the sense in which the word is psychology, but as it is used in there would be sound, because tree in falling would set up vibrations of the air which would be capable of affecting the ear, if one were present. This ex- lanation is from Henderson's “Physics Everyday Life.” Q. Was George Mason, who lved at Gunston Hall, Va., born in this country or in England?—T. Y. R. A. George Mason was born in Fair- fax County, Va., in 1725. Gunston Hall was built by him and named after the family home in Staffordshire, England. Q. Who first succeeded in climbing the Matterhorn?—J. L. C. The Matterhorn was first con- quered on July 14, 1865, by E. Whym- per's party, three members of which perished with the guide on the descent. Q. When shoes are wet, clnmn: dried without cracking the leather having it stiff?—W. S. A. It is difficult to dry shoes so that they are as pliable as they were before they were wet. They should be stuffed with tissue paper when taken off and dried slowly, as heat tends %o £ Q. Where is George Rogers Olark buried?—S. W. A. He is buried in Cave Hill Ceme- tery in Louisville, Ky. Gen. Clark founded the City of Louisville in 1779 after returning from his military expe- ditions to the Northwest. He spent most of his declining years in Louls- ville, Ky., and Clarksville, Ind., across the Ohio River from Louisville. This town was also founded by Gen. Clark. Q. How high do waves become in a storm at sea?—J. B. H. A. Waves rarely have a greater hslglen than 50 feet, but they appear to much higher when seen from a ship in the open ocean. These waves frequently have a greater height, how- ever, in breaking upon a rocky coast. The highest wave reported by the Hy- drographic Office of the United States Navy Department was encountered in the North Atlantic Ocean, December 22, 1922, by the British steamship Majestic. Its height was estimated at 80 feet. Wide World these, too, are subject to the approval of the sanitary department when offered for sale. Smaller including animals, rodents and birds, and fish caught in dublous streams, are devoured without the sanction of the authorities. h a promiscuous menu, however, does not seem to be any detriment to the health of the people in general. * k ox % Suffered Hardship, Then Fails in Mission. Shakespeare Pictorial, Stratford-upon- Avon.—How Frederick Locker-Lampson pursued a 1623 folio and lost it is told in his autobiography, now out of print, entitled “My idences.” All his life F. L.-L. had desired, and sought for, a good original 1623 folio. “ome friend told him of a farmer, dowu Hampshire way, who owned one, a family heirloom, that he neither appreciated nor used. So F. L.-L. wrote folio was produced, and proved a most desirable example, which F. cided mentally to purchase at an; within reason. At that time it was ing for about 500 pounds. But describes how he endured this conversation, the plain country fare, the plainer furnishings, draughty rooms, uncomfortable bed, ing ghostly night noises. After enduring all this d ort for over a week, came the last straw. The farmer bluntly in- formed him nothing would induce him to sell the Shakespeare, so F. L.-L. had all his martyrdom for nothing, plus the keen disappointment. Eventually he bought a copy elsewhere and satisfled his longing. * x k% g Unemployed To Restore Driveway. El Tiempo, Bogota.—At the last ses- :i:: gtnl.‘!:tem saetl‘e',y fl}r the Improvement cation of a long distinguished coterle Bo?‘m i tended, whose desire it is to enhance the prestige of cur city through its out- ward aspects. These gentlemen, with Senor Fernando Carrizosa presidisg, arranged for the co-operation of the #» g:mnent of public works in restorfhig Carrera Trece (Avenue 13) to its former attractiveness and utility. Dur- ing the indifference of the past few years grass and weeds have grown over the sidewalks and driveway, and in some places the luxuriant foliage of the trees almost blocks the passage of vehicles. The avenue is to be med to 12 meters, and any trees withir these limits will be cut down. Two hundred and fitty men from the ranks of the un- employed will be engaged in the work, which will be in charge of Dr. Leal, en- gineer of the department, and include the entire length of the thoroughfare. It is estimated the work will consume three months. Why Feud Was Settled. From the Kalamazoo Gazette, The 500-year feud between Greece and Turkey is now ended, probably be- cause there is no one living who ean remember how and why it started. pe o Big Shots and Small Fry. Prom the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. ‘The well ""’.g shots” in the lquor racket favor the - forcement” of the dry la re- to the e ——————— Lincoln on Muscle Shoals. Prom the Detroit News. We know a Congressman ‘who, if ive him time, can dig aomeufl fn Abraham Lincoln’s oc speeches collected revealing a firm stand on Muscle Shoals. Victims of Benevolence. - Frum the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mall. Nor can you judge a man by of cigars ‘sonson. N