Evening Star Newspaper, November 3, 1930, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR lemsdusted aimcuty ana each grace With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY......November 8, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Ne 11th St. an.P nnsyl wew York S icago Off uropean jper Company in_Ave. 110, East 4and &, fge: Lake Michisan Bulldine. ice; 14 Regent Bt.. London, England. ‘Rate by Carrier Within the City. o Evenine Star.. . 45¢ ver mon! Bt BEh o Evening and Sunday Bdass) guers ks Be seck 1o by mall of telepaone Ational 6000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. ryland and Virginia, fly and Sunday.....1sr. $10.00:1mo. 85 aily only ) 00: 1 mo., 50¢ fix., oty 135, §4.00; 1 mo. 400 All Other States and Canada. {ly and Sunday. + $32.00: ly only ... 18.00: 1 mo.. junday only £5.00: 1 mo., Member of the Associated Press. w'r:ahs Associated Press is exclusively entitled e I hew! = Jatcten cradited fo It r not otherwiss cred- fted in this paper and also the .ocal news | published herein. All rights of publica*ton of | #pecial dispatches herein are olso reserved. -— The Wet-and-Dry Battie. The effect of tomorrow's congres- | slonal elections on national prohibition will be widely sought. At no time since the eighteenth amendment became part of the Constitution has the prohibition issue been so actively fought. Even in 1928, when Alfred E. Smith, a declared opponent of tae eighteenth amendment, was the Demccratic candidate for Presi- dent the wet-and-dry issue was more or Jess lost sight of in the congressional elections of that year. This year the wets have placed many candidates for House and Senate in the field. In a large number of these contests the issue bas been joined. ‘Two courses are open to opponents ©of the present dry law, if they have the strength to press successfully for either. ‘The first is the repeal of the eighteenth amendment, with the substitution pos- sibly of some other form of control to ald the States which wish to be dry. ‘The second is modification of the Vol- stead act, 80 as to permit beer and wine of a greater alcoholic Content than one- helf of one per cent. In order to bring about repeal of the eighteenth amendment it will be neces- sary for the opponents of national pro- hibition to put through Congress, by a two-thirds vote in each house, a reso- lution proposing the repeal and then to have the action of Congress ratified by three-fourths of the 48 State Legisla- tures. Under the Constitution the re- th | in the second place, that that job of Ithe air. | paratory Commission” standardized upon thousands of stu- dents by statistical technique. It would make college grades mechanical, ob- Jective and of universal validity as units of measurement. One may wonder why this has not been done before. The method does not appear on the surface to be a sud- den, revolutionary discovery in the sci- ence of education. The answer is that, in the first place, the statistical tech- nique and test construction methods are comparatively recent developments, and, constructing and standardizing such tests is stupendous. It could be ac- complished only by a co-operative effort of practically all ths colleges and at such great expense that no one college or group of colleges would bear the bur- den. But it now is adequately financed, at least for a substantial beginning. Prob- ably no educational development in our times has such radical possibilities. —_—————— Disarmament at Geneva. This week witnesses the revival at Geneva of the effort to pave the way of a general world disarmament con- ference affecting the land, the sea and The League of Nation's “Pre- is the agency which 1is charged with this baffling task. Though the United States is out- side the League, we are not detached from the high purpose of Geneva on this or any other occasion making for international good. Hence, the re- appearance at the Preparatory Com- mission session beginning November 6 | of Ambassador Gibson at the head of an American delegation. En route to the meeting, Mr. Gibson has been visiting Paris and Rome. His well understood, though technically un- official, mission was to explore the pos- sibility of bringing France and Italy to- gether on naval affairs. The Paris and Rome governments themselves have car- ried on intermittent negotiations ever since their failure to join the London agreement concluded by Great Britain, the United States and Japan. Italy demands parity with France. France declines to grant it. Mussolini has proposed compromises. Tardleu was not impressed by them. The Italians indicated a readiness to accept “theo- retical parity”—ie., an acknowledgment by the French merely of Italy's right to build up to French strength at sea. Paris has not reacted favorably to that suggestion, either. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1930. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. threatens to engulf it, but a vote for the Republicans is to go below and scuttle the craft, flood the engine room and blow up the bollers. Now is the time for all good men to come to the ald of the party, but what good will it do? ‘The only comfort that lies in survey- ing this impending calamity is the | knowledge that if Gov. Roosevelt is de- feated tomorrow night, one of his first acts will be to send a telegram of con- gratulation to Gov.-elect Tuttle, assur- ing him of his support. If Mrs. Mc- Cormick triumphs in Illinofs, one of the first bouquets of flowers she receives will be from the Hon. Jim Ham Lewis. If a Democratic House results, the change will be regarded by the Re- publicans as a blessing in diguise, while if the Democrats do not obtain control of the House, nothing could be sweeter from the viewpoint of a minority party that can wipe its hands of responsibility. If the Democrats make great gains, the whole thing can be easily attributed to the fact that it is always possible to fool some of the people some of the time, but if the Republicans suffer great losses it can be as easily laid to the fact that one cannot fool all the people all the time. As surely as the sun sets Tuesday evening it will rise again Wednesday morning. And beginning on Thursday morning, after all results have been carefully tabulated, the burning ques- tion of the hour will be whether two years hence the people of the land are going to trust this Nation to continued Republican misrule, or whether they are going to desert the Grand Old Party that has befriended them in time of need and switch to a collection of politi- cal visionaries who have nothing to show for their fine promises but a lot of empty talk. ‘The automobile trade is sald to be turning the corner to prosperity. There is one turn it is all right to make in “high,” and on two wheels if necessary. e i Germany insists that Brazil must pay for the murder of a few of her citizens. ‘This news should go over big in Bel- glum. e ‘The Rumanian Army is today just a shade less efficient than formerly. King Carol has just been made a marshal. r————————— Five languages are current in little Switzerland in addition to the one that | money talks. It is easy to conceive why French public opinion, to which any Paris gov- ernment must at all times be respon- sive, does not incline toward any sort of naval concessions to Italy, in view of Signor Mussolini's most recent orator- peal could be proposed to the States also by a constitutional convention, called on application of Legislatures of two-thirds of the States. But in the end the proposal would have to be accepted by three-fourths of the State Legislatures. In other words, the Leg- islatures of thirteen States could at all times block repeal of the eighteenth amendment. ‘The pendulum is on the swing. Op- position to the continuance of national prohibition has increased in a number of the States, even in States which have been consldered very dry. For example, there is Ohio, But despite this swing of the pendulum, this in- crease in opposition to national pro- hibition, it does not appear that the time has come when the repeal of the eighteenth amendment can be ob- fained. The strength of the wets, even after the elections tomorrow, will be far, far short of anything that might make repeal a possibility. Modification of the Volstead act is the alternative for the wets. The Volstead act can be modified by majority action of Congress. Indeed, the ertire act could be wiped from the statute books by majority action. Such action must be approved by the President, however. A presidential veto, unless overridden by & two-thirds vote in both houses of Con- gress, would be sufficient to block modi- fication of the national dry law. ‘The elections, unless all signs fail, will show gains for the anti-prohibition- ists in both House and Senate. Such gains are likely to inspire the wets with greater confidence. But they are not likely to be sufficient to discourage the drys. With the prohibitionists girding for the battle, the fight has really just begun. ———— Most of us have a rather steadfast faith in providence, but when it per- mits the acquisition of valuable property by a woman who intends to leave it to ® cat, then we sometimes waver. ————— Admiral Byrd gets ptomaine poison- ng but recovers in no more time than it would take him to fiy over a couple ©of poles. ———. Measurements in Education. ‘The American Council on Education, Whose membership includes nearly afl the American colleges, has started a Job which is certain to have far-reach- ing consequences in the field of higher education in this country, Hitherto college degrees have been awarded on a basis of “hour credits.” ‘They have certified simply that students have devoted specified amounts of time | to courses and attained at least a min- imum passing mark. Obviously, time is, at the best, an exceedingly rough and inaccurate measure of actual accom- plishment in any subject. The bachelor of arts degree, for example, has signi- fied only that an individual has spent four years in the study of classical and modern languages, English, mathematics and the natural and soctal sclences. One man may leave college knowing ten times as much about all of them as a less interested and ambitious classmate. Yet at the end both receive exactly the same certificate of accomplishment. It has next to no meaning. The new plan is to discard the time element altogether. Under tt the degree will represent a cer nite achievement in learning, or the attainment of a rpecific degree of siill and famillerity. A person may reach this point in onc year or ten years, according to the individual back- ground, intelligence, ambition and ap- plication. Under such a system the degree will m=2n something. It would mean, for exarmple, timt the actually could read end sp man—a far different and much more essential accomplishment than taking four Germen courses end passing the | around nearer the earth next January ical exhibition. Il Duce spoke very im- pressive at Rome on October 27 of Italy’s passion for peace, but in the same breath the Fascist chieftain dis- cussed “expansion to the east,” all “alli- ances” Italy js making in that direc- tion and the superiority of cannon over “fine words.” In his address to the Fascist leaders Mussolini also referred to the warlike preparations oen a certain frontler, which could only be the Franco-Italian border. The point in all this is that as long as France and Italy mutually con- tinue to enact the role of the pot call- ing the kettle black, the prospect of persuading them to agree on navies re- mains a dubfous ome. Until there is Européan naval limitation, military limitation is hardly practicable. Jugoslavia is becoming as much of a Franco-Itallan problem as Franco- Italian questions themselves, The Serb Kingdom is a military ally of France. Jugoslavian territory lles athwart Italy's path of “expansion to the east.” The French see Mussolini slowly but steadily drawing a ring around Jugo- slavia, a modern exemplar of the “Einkreisungspolitik”—policy of en- circlement—of which prewar Germany protested it was the victim. ‘The links in the alleged ring around Jugoslavia include the Italo-Austrian treaty, the Italo-Hungarian treaty, the Italo-Bulgarian royal marriage al- liance, the Bulgaro-Turkish treaty of alliance, the Bulgaro-Hungarian treaty of alliance and the pending negotia- tions for a Greco-Turkish alliance. Mussolini’s hand, of course, is not di- rectly at work in all these political arrangements. But, according to nerv- ous Central European authorities, they dovetall visibly onto Italian expansion plans in the direction of the battle- scarred Balkans. They plainly have in view that revision of the post-war map of Europe, which Il Duce and others espouse. It is in Balkan territory, many observers are coming to believe, that France and Italy are destined to clash, If American diplomacy can induce France and Italy, amid their clashing plans and commitments in Eastern Europe, to say nothing of Northern Africa, to bury the naval hatchet it will be a monumental achievement for world peace. ——————————_ ‘The rumor that some Congressional Medals of Honor are still to be given out for Spanish War services is said to be without foundation. R ‘The tiny asterold Eros will be buzzing than it has been since 1894. Have your fly-swatters handy. - Bleak Prospects. ‘The picture presented on election day eve is always disconcerting, and the present mosaic is no exception. The people of the United States have been placed between the devil and the deep, blue sea. To jump from the frying pan is merely to land in the fire. The wisest thing to-do, according to the political advice sounded vociferously from all quarters for the last aix months, is to obtain a passport from the State Department and immediately leave the country. Those who remain have not been left much choice between bleak alternatives. | A vote for the Democrats means a threat to business, for is not monkeying with the tariff a threat to business? |But a vote for the Republicdns is to | court utter ruin by placing responsi- bility for the Nation's continued wel- fare in the hands of men who have al- | ready wrecked the country by passing a tariff bill. A vote for the Democrats s to fly in the face of Providence by changing horses in midstream. But a vote for the Republicans is to invite disaster by remaining on a horse that exsminatiens. It would mean the same thing for every, individual who rezeived ¢, regardless of where or when. ‘The plan fs to méke up a series of _’Anwonl in all college sulects, of —ee—s SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. A Valued Institution. Sing a song o' 'lection day! Voters all in line! Bands are tunin’ up to play Alrs of old lang syne! Life is something sweetly grand As you walk the street, Finding friends on every hand All prepared to treat. Don't care much for lots o' things ‘That they brag about, But there’s one time sure that brings ‘The other day we met a lady who said that she was going to have the garage taken out of her back yard, in order that she might have more ground for gardening. Brave lady, in an era of garages! “I would rather rent some one else’s garage,” she faild, “than lose so much planting space.” Surely every gardener will applaud this decision, although perhaps few of l{ltm will feel willing to follow in her steps. The motor car is responsible for so mu“h in the land, both of good and evil, that the plot of ground it occuples may not seem to present a very large problem to any one. In comparison with the real worth of the automobile, the question is unim- portant, of course. When ons con- siders the thousands of persons who are killed and hurt, it does not weigh very much. The tremendous utllity of the world's favorite vehicle, the discourtesy which it scems to have bred in hundreds of thousands of persons, the pleasure and profit it has brought to millions, the noise and confusion it lends to the countryside, the aid its speed supplies in many emergencles, the pence it has taken away from formerly quiet streets These are some of the conflicting foa- tures of motoring and motor cars, the face, of them, few but gardeners will be found to worry about the apace which the garage occuples, or the es- thetic problems which its construction in rows along an alley brings. * ok Yet to the true gardener the garage does bring its problems. It would seem that even building construction is finding it a problem, too. Reporis from Cleveland, where John D. Rocke- feller, jr. is engaged in building a model suburban development, indicate that all the garages for these $25,000 homes will be byilt underground, just as the electric and telophcne wires will be beneath the earth. Such a plan will give the owners more garden space, either for grass, flowers, shrubs, or what they will Most home owners are not so fortunate, even if they love gardens better than garages. The modern equivalent of the stable fills a want, and often must be tolerated. In many neighborhoods, however, it is possible for a householder to rent a garage at a rate reasonable enough to make him feel that the gain in plant- ing space is very much worth while. He must be garden-minded, of course, to feel so. Otherwise the ga- rage will appeal to him as such a para- mount necessity that a few flowers will seem only so much foolishness in com- parison. Yet there are thousands of car owners who park their cars in the street the year round. There are scores of automobile owners who have garages but who seldom keep their cars in them. Whether the reason for this is laziness or convenience or devil-may- care we do not know. * ok ok % ground than one would think. Only the man who has put one in a smnall back yard can know this to the full. As he watched his planting space dis- appear, he realized that the was, larger than he thought. Nor is the exact garage all. Often it is set back a few feet from the alley building line in order to give more “swing room” for the car on en- trances and exits. Then again, if it is for one car, often it in reality takes about 2 feet more on either side, owing to the fall of rain from the roof along the sides. Few flowers will do well in such a situation, subjected to the beat Joy heyond a doubt. Old traditions can't all thrive. Some must fade away, But there’s one that must survive, An’ that s election day. His Impression. “Do you think there is any chance of reforming politics?™ “I doh't know,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I haven't much faith in human nature. I am inclined to be- lieve people frequently think politics is being reformed when it is merely being remodeled.” A Question of Funds. “Are you going to have a new coat this Winter?” “I will not be able to say definitely,” answered young Mrs. Torkins, “until the races are over. But the chances are that I won't.” Safe Topic. The climate brings us gratitude at pres- ent. For a good and useful purpose it is sent. You may remark, “The day is very pleasant,” And never start the slightest argu- ment. An Early Reformer. “I am looking,” sald Diogenes, “for an honest man.” “And when you find him, what are you going to do?” “S-sh! I'm not going to find him. That would spoil the joke.” Candid. “I suppose you are one of the people who long for old-fashioned home cook- ing?” “No,” answered Mr. Cumrox. “I don't | decelve myself. What I long for is the | kind of stomach I used to have when I| was old-fashioned and lived at home.” | Plumage. Riches have wings. It is confessed. Graft is what brings The feathered nest. “Some men accidehtally goes to sleep in church,” sald Uncle Eben, “an’ a' whole lot ain’ got even dat excuse foh! not payin' ‘tention to de pastor's teachin’s.” . Brow Is Wet but Tongue Is Dry. From the Terre Haute Star. Party lines are becoming more vis- ible in the forehead of the worried candidate. oo Cities Win Here. From the Toledo Blade. In small communities the people know the man they vote into local office. the populous centers ignorance is bliss. —— o — Owe! Owe From the Elmira Star-Gazette. An honest man trying in vain to borrow money is often surprised to read in the bankruptcy news how much In' of the falling rain. Most garages bullt on narrow lots must be placed, in ac- cordance with regulations, at least 2 ‘Your average garage takes up more |, feet from the prevent this flr% erty. Usually iS means & narrow strip of land which is practically use- less for gardening purposes, altl h some persons plant hollyhocks there and find the effect charming. ‘There is much to be said, therefore, for the elimination of the garage from the garden scene—if one 1&:‘@- garden- ing. car can be placed elsewhere, but there is no place else for the gar- den except on the e inds. We always thought the so-called “war gar- dens” of memory in some aspects rather foolish. To go miles to plant and tend a garden, then to turn one's back on it and go home, was to lose a great deal of the pleasure, if not some of the profit. Consider the happiness of watching the beating rain upon the crops, of bein able to Inook out a back window ma aea Lhe corn waving in the breeze, ‘The play of day and night, the changes in the color of leaves caused by certain evenings--these are aspects which ap- pel to the real gardener, whether he be an eminent horticulturist or only one of the milllons who somehow find & solace and genuine enjoyment in dig- ging in the earth. ‘I'here 18 only one place for one's garden, and that is at home. The lure of motoring makes all too many persgns feel that they must accept the condi- tions imposed by the necessity for & garage. But must they? % ¥ x No one else can decide for one whether to take away from the garden to build a house for the family car. It is a personal problem, and will | remain one. One man will ruthlessly have trees and shrubs cut down to build an automobile house, another will look at the cutting with defiance in his eyes, and a wish'in his mind and heart | that he could “do something about it.” To the latter, the cutting is a desécra- tion. He would not grow sentimental about it, but the destruction of so much beauty hurts him. If there were only some way, he says to himself, to keep the trees and the shrubs! Yet he sees that the other is not worrying about his loss; the owner no doubt feels that he can place the shrubs behind the ga- rage, where he hopes they will do nice- ly. As for the tree, it can be cut into logs for the fireplace, or will make very nice kindling. The problem of the e versus garden space is one now as old as the automobile, It was the successor to the stable versus garden controversy. f | The end of stables is a gain in many ways. They harbored odors, and mostly were overrun with rats. The fight of mankind against the rat seems an end- less one; science says that the battle is by no means won, and that unless the rat is made the object of a con- tinual crusade, it may yet exterminate mankind. The end of the stable, at the hands of the garage, was a step in the right direction. There is little doubt that garages, as buildings, might be im- proved in architecture. As yet no real architectural _thought been put n them. They are just boxes. Mostly eir* roof lines are unattractive. Their doors somehow scem out of harmony, not only with the garage itself, but with the neighborhood as a whole. Re- cently a movement has begun to beau- tify the garage, one which will be awalted eagerly by all those interested in such problems. In the meantime, the home garage problem is being solved in various ways, by the erection of the usual, by the; building of the unusual—and by its entire elimination, as a part of the ground plan of the bullding lot. And some home owners, as the lady men- tioned at the beginning of the article, insist on having an old garage re- moved. Perhaps they are pioneers. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. If whispers wafted are well grounded, “Jim” Davis’ impend- ing resignation from the Labor port- folio will not be the only early shift in the Hoover cabinet. Rumors appear to be busy with the name of another politically minded member of the pres- idential hold, who would quit for far different reasons than those which shortly will take the Pennsylvania Sen- ator-elect out of the White House cir- cle. Perhaps this week’s election re- sults in the State whence the cabineteer in question hails will be seized upon as a convenient and plausible excuse for his eventual retirement from Federal life. Just how voluntary his exij would be—if and when it takes place—is not quite clear from the tales sifting through to Washington. Nor is it alto- gether certain whether those who are peddling the story are not inspired by wishes which sometimes father hts. * ok ok k Ambassador Hugh Gibson, who has been working like a beaver in Paris and Rome to bring about a Franco-Italian naval accord, has more than ordinary interest in accomplishing such a mas- ter-stroke for the Hoover administra- tion. Gibson is the President’s closest per- sonal friend in the diplomatic service. Their comradeship dates from Belgian war days, when Mr. Hoover was feeding King Albert’s people and Gibson was secretary of our legation in Brussels. Thrown together much during peace conference days and after in Paris and the United States, the young diplomat used to make his headquarters at the Hoover home every time Gibson came to Washington. In 1922 he brought his Belgian bride to 2300 S street for their American honeymoon. If American in- fluence can persuade Tardieu and Mus- solini to get together on naval affalrs, it would be the brightest feather yet to adorn the Hoover cap in the fleld of international achievement. Gibson will Jeave no stone unturned to win that victory for “the Chief.” - Secretarr Mellon came downstairs the other night from the top floor of a ‘Washington office building where he'd just delivered a Republican radio spesch. It was raining when his party reached the sidewalk. The Treasury chief, who was minus an umbrella, took temporary refuge in the doorway of a drugstore. ‘The proprietor, recognizing him, sald cheerily: “Won't you step in, Mr. Secretary?” Mellon smilingly accepted the invitation, but ejaculated: “What is this? A speakeasy?” * B This radioscribe spent part of the re- cent week end in_up-State New York. Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt had spoken there a couple of nights before. He astonished everybody throughout the campaign by his indefatigability. In- variably the Governor was the least tired member of his barn-storming (party. When the rest of it was fagged jout at the end of the day, after quick jumps or considerable train or auto- mobile journeys, Roosevelt always was wideawake and ready for more. Once on his feet, there is no sign whatever |of the Governor's physical incapacity. His trouble is in getting to his feet and in navigating, which he cannot do un- ashingtonward other fellows succeed in owing. —_—a——————— They'll Pay Gladly Now. From the Des Moines Tribune Capital. Now that foreign visitors have praised Iowa's new roads in 15 tongues, maybe the taxpayers of the State will appreciate them more. ——— ——— Who Would Preside? From the Boston Evenins Transcript. South America would seem to be able to hold a convention of dictators. has fallen down in the middle of the Est.—eam and shows tendencies of stran- gulaticn. A vote for the Democrats menns that the ship of state will not be able to weather the storm that now ———s Do Judges Know It? Jersey Journal. “Buy Now" slogan dces mot judgeships, B From ti That apply o as isted. * ok ok ok News that Dr. Chaim Welzmann, leader of the World Zionist Organiza- tion and head of the Jewish National State, will shortly writs an autoblogra- phy reminds his Washington friends of an experience Weizmann had at the White House last year. He had remarked to Mr. Hoover: “Mr. President, you and I are about the only two men still in public life who were active in World ‘War .” ‘The President retorted: “Doctor, that may be due to the fact that neither of us has written any memoirs.” * ok % % Wilbur J. Carr, ranking Assistant Secretary of State, 18 home after im- portant confercnces in Paris, Stuttgart officials from all parts of Europe. The purpose of the conferences was to bring to their attention the measures taken at Washington to restrict immigration to the lowest possible point while the unemployment crisis prevails. In ad- ministering quota provisions our con- sular people are now under orders to re- fuse visas to intendin ants who might readily become charges” in the United States. of restrictions cut the number of alien admissions from 28,020 in September, 1929, to 17,792 in September of this year. There is some agitation for more permanent_protection against a flood of “unemployables” or ‘“unassimilables” than the recent emergency executive order. Congress may be called upon to act during the impending session. * ok k% Representative James M. Beck, Re- publican, of Pennsylvania, has just published under the title of “May It Please the Court” a collection of the ad- dresses which have contributed to his fame as a master orator. They range over a wide field of subjects, though de- voted largely to Beck’s favorite theme, the Constitution of the United State: The most up-to-date chapter is a re- production of the statesman-lawyer's argument against transfer of the flex- ible tariff prerogative from Congress to the President—Beck's speech in the House on May 22, 1929. One of the most eloquent addresses in the compila- tion is “The Case of the Lost Million,” the forgotten story of Beaumarchais’ contribution to the cause of the Ameri- can Revolution during its darkest days. The “lost million” refers to a million dollars’ worth of cannon and shot for which the Frenchman was never paid, despite pathetic and persistent appeals to the Continental Congress. (Copyright, 1930.) ——— Urges Navy to Build Ships Authorized by Treaty From the Rock Island Argus. Having negotiated a treaty at Lon- don which has to do with naval limita- tion and construction, it would seem that the United States should proceed the construction of as many vessels the treaty provides for. iIn this connection it is gratifying to note that President Hoover has can- celed the order which held up tempo- rarily the construction of a new 10,000~ ton cruiser, No. 38. Work will begin at once and the ship can be completed by the Spring of 1934. A report is current in Washington that Mr. Hoover has reached the conclusion that we should begin building up to the limits imposed by the treaty. The treaty fixed our quota of naval strength, and as long as we keep within the authorized limit no nation is likely to_question our in- tentions. The treaty has been ratified, and it is our privilege now to build the ships that friendly nations, assembled in council, have ed we have a right to build. Most na experts will testify—have testified—that our national needs can- not be met by any naval strength much below the treaty. ermore, the building of ships at this time will help g _emigr: “public relieve the business depression as em- | depends ployment will be increased. There are many good reasons why we should pro- ceed to build. — e Coal Bin Causes Insomnia. ®rom the South Bend Tribune. ‘This is the season when a yawning coal bin causes insomnia. - Dictatorial Power Plant. Prom the Loutsville Tim After all, isn’t the greatest power project in the world Mr. Mussolini? oot ety Frozen Radiators Near. Prom the Utica Observer-Dispatch. Almost any time now the frozen radi- consular | ator may be just yround the corner, The tightening | The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. To all intents and purposes the cam- paign of 1930 is at an end. The voters g0 to the polis tomorrow to register thelr approval or dlugpmvll of can- didates and poligies. In three of the States they are called upon to pass uj the glmmmum question—Massa- chusetts, Illinols and Rhode Island. All three States are expected to vote “wet.” Illinois has the habit of voting wet in these referendums. It did in 1922 and again in 1926. At the same time the State kept right on electing Republican dry candidates for Repre- sentative-at-large and for Senator, in apmmon to wet Democratic candi- dates. The Anti-Saloon League insisted that the election of dry members of Congress was sufficient referendum for it and urged the voters of the State not to pay any attention to the separate qu-stion on the ballot dealing with the wet and dry issue. It is beginning to look as though the organized drys—an organized mi- nority in Illinois and in a number of the other States—have been getting away with a lot politically. Illinois, for example, has been a Republican State for years. Bo have Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The organizd drys have been powerful enough to bring about the nomination of men for Congress by the Republican party who would stand for dry legislation whenever it came before them. The drys have found it far easier to control the ncmination of party candidates, in Republican and Democratic States, than to carry the States themselves on & question that placed the national prohibition issue before the voters without any attendant 1ssues. This year in Ilinois and in New York, for example, the drys have lost thelr grip on the Republican organiza- tions and upon candidates to a very unusual extent. In Illinois the Repub- lican State convention and Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCormick, the G. O. P. nom- inee for Senator, heading the ticket, declared they would abide by the de- ! cision of the voters in the wet and dr: referendum to be conducted next Tues- day. In New York the Republicans just kicked over the traces entirely and came out for the repeal of the eight- eenth amendment. It is not difficult to understand the concern and the anger of the drys under these circumstances. It has been clear to them for a long time that a majority of the voters in New York and in Iilinois are opposed to national prohibition. Their only hope in those populous States has been to hang on to the tail of the Elephant. But when the Elephant shook them off, they decided to hamstring the Elephant if they were able to do so. They did the same_thing nationally to the Dem- ocratic Donkey in 1928 when the Democrats put forward a wet candl- date for President. * kK ¥ So in Tlinols there is a dry inde- pendent Republican running for Sen: tor to take votes away from Mrs. Mc- Cormick and crush, if possible, this up- rising of the Republicans against dry domination in the State. The New York drys put into the fleld Prof. Rob- ert F. Carroll of Syracuse University— a Southerner and formerly a Demo- crat—to take votes away from Charles H. Tuttle, the Republican candidate for Governor, who had dared to daclare for repeal of the elghteenth amendment. Their tactics, it appears, are likely to be successful in both these States, and the wet Democrats will elect their can- didates. It is not likely that these tactics will endear the drys to the Re- blican organizations in New York and linols. But the drys have undertaken to give these G. O. P. leaders a lesson. * ok ok x In Massachusetts the drys have still been able to control the party nomina- tions and the candidates of the Repub- licans. Butler, the Republican candi- date for the Senate, and Gov. Allen, seeking to succeed himself, both have the dry side in their contests with the Democrats. Rhode Island, however, saw Senator Metcalf, Republican, kick over the water wagon in his effort to be re-elected. Metcalf came out in favor of repeal of the eighteenth amendment, although he added that he would vote, as Senator, on wet and dry questions in accordance with the result of the State referendum. His position differs from that of Mrs, McCormick, for Mrs. McCormick continues to insist she is a dry and in favor of prohibi- tion, although she says she, too, will be guided as Senator by the way the people vote in the referendum in Illi- nois. Senator Metcalf was too clever for the Anti-Saloon League. He did not make his announcement against the eighteenth amendment until after the last day for the filing of independent candidates. The league and its fol- lowers, therefore, were unable to put a dry Republican candidate in the field e e referendums dealing with prohi- bition differ lomewhumt‘n the pl.hree States. In Massachusetts the question is whether the Stats prohibition en- forcement act shall be repealed. Tilinois votes on the repeal of the State en- forcement act and also on proposals for the repzal of the eighteenth amend- ment and the modification of the Vol- stead act. Rhode Island merely votes on the question whether the eighteenth amendment shall b: retained. The reformers out in Oregon are seeking to place the State on record against the use of cigarettes. A number of the Western States have at various times had more or less stringent laws against cigarettes. North and South Dakota, for example. But where these anti-cigarette laws have been passed, the bootlegging of cigarettes has flour- ished. The Oregon referendum is on a :ieus:;e to sf:‘r;;llen‘t Itl':e ‘manufacture, of cigarettes or cigar- ette mr"m in that State. o * kX % If Charles H. Tuttle, the Republican candidate for Governor, lhouldpwin in New York tomorrow it would give many of the politicians and political observers the surprise of their lives. Mr. Tuttle insists that he will win, and win on the issue of corruption and the sale of Jjudgeships by Tammany officials in New York City. He has to meet the an- tagonism of the Republican drys, many of whom are supporting Carroll, the in- dependent dry, in addition to the usual Democratic opposition. It would seem that the odds are too great, although the scandals involving some of the New York judgeships and the failure of Gov. Roosevelt to press ac- tively for investigation should be a real issue in the campaign. The Repub- llcans insist they are an issue. But the public, except some of the newspapers, does not appear to be aroused. How- ever, Gov. Roosevelt has been goaded into a last-minute defense of his atti~ tude by the speeches not only of Candi- date Tuttle but also of Secretary Stim- son and Secretary Hurley, not to men- tion Undersecretary Ogden Mills. On Saturday night the Governor repeated his declaration that all the judges in New York are not dishonest and that if any of them were he would get rid of them after election. He charged, too, that the Republicans were playing mear politics when they brought this corrup- tion issue up in the campaign. Of course, they are playing mean politics. ‘That's the only kind of politics the Re- publicans or the Democrats play. It all upon which i « pon. party is doing the In some quarters it has been said fo bemrs Bl e o E o use or the ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Stop a minute and think about this fact. You can ask our Information Bureau any question of fact and get the answer back in a personal letter. It is a great educational idea Introduced | into the lives of the most intelligent aper readers. It is a part of that Eelb purpose of a newspaper—service. There is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Get the habit o dress your letter to The Evening Star | Information Bureau, Frederic J. Has- kin, director, Washington, D. C. travel>—W. O. g A. Foot troops travel from 2V to 215 miles an hour. Field Service Regula- tions United States Army states that columns of the size of an infantry division average about 12 miles a day, smaller columns about 15 miles a day. Q Why are storms to be expected |at the equinoxes?—8. N. L. A. The Weather Bureau says there is no reason why storms should be more frequent or severe on September 21 or 22 (Autumnal equinox) than on Sep- tember 10 or 11, say, or 29 or 30; nor, in factgare they. The same is true of the &pring or This rnal cquinox. is erroneous, and 1t even is uncertain how, where, when or by whom the idea was started. It is only known that in one form or another it goes back at least to 1748. Q What kind of glue mending a violin?>—T. R. A Cologne glue is most commonly used in mending violins and stringed instruments. It is manufactured in the form of tablets of pale yellow color and has the advantage of not forming a thickness between the pleces it unites. . Who was the engincer who built the Holland Tunnel?—F. 8. A. Clifford M. Holland was the | original engineer of the Holland Ve- hicular Tunnel, and this tunnel was named for him. After his death. the work was continued under the direc- tion of his assistant, Milton H. Free- man. Six months later Mr. Freeman died, and the position ot civil engineer of the project was given to Mr. A. 8ing- stad, who saw the construction through to its completion. Q. How much paper money each year in this country?—D. A. The amount of money made by the United States Bureau of Engraving varies, but the Bureau of Engraving says that the average production is $4,000,000,000. Q. How can a fur coat be glazed? —XV. g 1 fur coat use a special .. To glaze a fur wood called slippery elm. Soak this in water and put it on the fur to be glazed and let it Temain until dry. After this is done comb the fur with an electric comb. This leaves a glaze on the fur. Q. What is the origin of the female figure_known as Britannia?—R. E. C. A. The first known representation of Britannia as a female figure sitting on a globe is on a Roman coin of Antoninus Pius, tgkd 161 A.‘IZ:“ H reappeared on the copper coins o Ch:ges II in 1665. The model at this time was Miss Stewart, afterward created Duchess of Richmond. The cngraver was Ph'mp Roehrer. . Please list some inventions which are needed?>—M. F. B. A. Many lists have been compiled from time to time as needed inventions. These lists differ radically. Such a list is used in W. is made M. people in the world—American news- | asking questions. Ad-| Q. How fast does a body of infantry | whole notion about “equinoctial storms” | was reported at one time as having been suggested by the British Patentees’ llmutu(e. The items were as follows: Shrinkless flannel, a non-skid road surface, a furnace that will conserve 95 per cent of its heat, glass that bends, noiseless airplanes and some that chil- dren can mahage safely, a motor weighing a pound per horsepower, harness for tides, a pipe easily and cffectively cleaned, talking moving pic- tures, and a temperance drink that will not pall on the palate. The talking | picturcs have now been invented. Q. What color were the old horses that the Fire Department had in the Labor day parade in Washington, D. C.? This is to settle a bet.—S. P. A. The horses, Bonnie, Tom and | Jean, were all gr | Q. What is the lowest temperature | ever reached?—W. J. C. | "A. The lowest temperature ever reached was 4581 degiees below zero Fahrenheit, obtained by the vaporiza: |tion of liquid helium in & part¢” | vacuum. | - Q. What was the token that was pre- sented In churches in Scotland in order to take communion?—D. K. A. The token which was used by many of the early Presbyterian churches as an identification of the person ex- pecting to participate in the communion was a small metal disk usually in- scribed with the name of the church or some other designating mark, which was presented to each person as admitted to full church membership. It was shown at the communion services. Q. How much did the first Pullman car cost?>—I. M. A. The first Pullman car wi by George M. Pullman in 1865 of $20,000. This was hurriedly pleted so that it might form a part of the train that bore the body of Abra- ham Lincoln from Washington, D. to Chicago, Ill, and thence to Spring- field, Il Q. Is much heat lost when radiators are painted with cream-colored flat paint?—S, G. A. The amount of heat lost is ex- tremely small. . This is considered one of the most desirable forms of finishe ing radiators. Q. What country has the largest number of,motion picture theaters aft- er the United States?—S. D. A. Germany, with 5226 theaters, |ranks second to the United States, ac- | cording to the latest available figures. Q Who holds the American trap shooting record? What is it>—E. P. D. | _A. Alfred Rufus King, jr. 14 years old, of Wichita Falls, Tex., is the Ameri- can trap shooting champion. A% Van dalia, Ohlo, early this Fall, in compe- tition with the 987 best trap shooters in the United States, he broke 97 birds out of his hundred and in shooting off a tie with three others he broke 24 out of 25 to win the title. Q. How many architects are there in the United States?>—F. A. W. A. The Market Data Book for 1930 says there are about 15,000 individual architects in the country. the majority of whom are located in 7,576 architec- tural offices handling a minimum of $150,000 of business per year. Qvlvhhnwumambedah'row1— A. Abbe de 1a Tour was the assumed name of Mme. St. Hyacinthe de Charriere, the French authoress, who lived during the latter part of the eighteenth century. Viewed as . Opinion regarding Chiang Kai-Shek’s statement outlining measures required for the establishment of law and order in China is tinged with comment on the conditions in some sections. These atrocities are charged by some to the Russian Communists. The conversion of Chiang to the Christian religion is studied in its possible bearing upon his control over the people of China. “What China and the outside world will be interested in,” says the Chicago Daily Tribune, “is not what the sub- jective nature of Gen. Chiang’s conver- ston may be, but its objective results, if any.” The Tribune holds that a “plausi- ble hope is that measures for the sup- pression of Chinese Communism, with its violent anti-religious policy, may be intensified. But the Nationalist gov- ernment,” continues that paper, “is fully aware of the danger to itself and to the interests of China, as it intelligently conceives them, of the Communist war- fare, both as a devastaungfl!:rce :n(} as a means of imposing Soviet control over Chinese affairs, If the Red bands have not yet been crushed, it has not been from lack of will, but from lack of means. Now that the campaign against the Northern coalition has be- come inactive, through the intervention of the Manchurian war lord, Gen. Chiang may be free to attend to the Communist forces in Central China, and if he can do so there is little doubt he will at the first opportunity. It is to be hoped the young Manchurian dictator will be disposed to give the Nanking government reliable assurances that no advantage will be taken of the disposal of its forces for the pacification of the regions now overrun by the Com- munist and bandit bands.” “It is a strange phenomenon,” de- clares the New York Herald Tribune, “this conversion, when China is re- ported torn with anti-Christian propa- ganda, when missionaries are being forced to give up posts where they had worked for three decades, when Chiang's ligious scgli‘%oh = To the philosophical Chinese mind, all religions are but par- tial approximations of universal truth. And Chiang, when he sees his country adrift, unsatisfied with old loyalties, old religions, old traditions of every sort, undisciplined and chaotic, must feel the need of something to tie to.” A “In its cultural aspect,” preted by the Louisville Courier-Journal, “Chiang’s conversion is a manifestation of the New China, a definite break with tradition. Politically it stamps the Western religion in China with con- servatism and consigns Communism to afliation with Russian theories. In forelgn relations it unquestionably places the central government in a po- sition to cuitivate the symmpathies of the powers at the moment when it has crushed military opposition and is ready for the first time to undertake civil reform and internal imiprovements with foreign financial assistance.” “Fanatical attacks by the Commu- nists, carrying out the Moscow Red pro- ish. The Democrats might far better do by direction what they might be able to do by indirection if they had to rely on a coalition. They would be able to to the country and say “We saved you rom this awful legislation which the Republicans sought to force on the country.” Furthermore, winning the control of the House not only would be a big ad- vertisement of Democratic strength and Republican weakness, but it would also mean “jobs,” big jobs, about the Capi tol in Washington. ~The Democrats in[would elect the next Speaker of the ocrats to elect just enough members of the Congress to show the displeasure of the people with the Republican administration and to would be able hamper the administration’s legislative House. This would doubtless be Repre- sentative_John Garner of Texas, the leader. They would all the stal committees of louse and have théychairmanships the clerks and what @ot. Assured- ly. the Democrats would really to wish } Dot to con h control massacre of thousands under lawless| own government has just banned re-| instruction_even in the mission | as inter- | be foolish | Program of Chinese Reform Difficult Course gram.” says the Janesville Gazette, “are aimed against all Christians—mission: aries, the laity of all nations and n: tives as well. By embracing Christi- anity, Chiang issues a challenge to the Reds of all the universe. There have been other examples of Such conver- sions, the most outstanding being that of Constantine, Emperor of Rome, who turned his realm over in a day from paganism to Christianity by one ukase. ‘The Chinese anarchy appears to be more certain each day. Great areas are in the hands of Reds. They move about a direct move to halt these Red huge ransoms. Calls are made for foreign intervention. Nations hesitate about a direct move to halt these Red armies of frregulars. It would cost millions in money, and lives would have to pay the penalty. It would be no Boxer rebellion with a definite objective, but a war scattered over a great nation with no one with whom peace might be made. It would be worse than Pershing’s attempt to capture Villa.” x * x X “The Communists in China,” observes the Buffalo Evening News, “have - tured another city. Reports of number of people massacred run all the way from 8,000 to 60,000. Exaggerations probably reflect wrong guesses about the number who fell into the hands of the horde rather than merciful mod- eration by the victorious bandits. A philosophy which teacres the forcible redistribution of prope:.v and extermis nation of persons wno o not join the movement shows illuminating results when it is taken up by the Chinese robber bands.” “The possibility of further spread of the activities of so-called Communists in China,” in the judgment of the Chattanooga Times, “Tenders the future of that counlry something of which one does not like to think. But Europe and America would seem to be all but powerless to prevent the worst. Respon= sible government has disappeared from large sections of the land, and the people have been left a prey to the lawless. It is a dark hour for China, and one through which it must pass | largely alone.” Hope for the future is seen by the New Orleans Times-Picayune in CI Kai-Skek’s manifesto announcing re- forms, which that paper believes shows “a careful study of American political | platforms and programs,” with & sus- piclon that “it was addressed to the outside world rather more than to the Chinese people.” The Times-Picayune concludes: “The manifesto is chiefly notewerthy because it signifies that | some at least of China’s present-day leaders realize their country’s needs in | the way of governmental and adminis- | trative _reforms. That recognition | should force soon or late—and prob- | ably little by little—the fundamental reforms Chiang Kai-Shek has out- |lined.” ‘The Flint Daily Journal agrees that “if Chiang, the young dictator, can first of all quiet the people and rid the country of its Communist leaders | there is a possibility that he can in- | stitute a constructive program.” | The Oakland Tribune finds signifi- cance in territorial developments and in the fact that “other nations are glving back what they took long ago,” referring to the British action on Wei- haiwei, and declaring: “Now, after many delays, the city and port ate re- turned and China may check another victory to the list of those which have seen its nationalist ambitions gain even in the face of the most threatenin civil warfare. With the action of Bri- tain the word given by Mr. Balfour at the Washington Conference in 1922 has been kept. But for the fall of the Peking government in 1924 the return would have been made at earlier date.” —_——ate——. Use Other Person’s Time. Prom the Grand Rapids Press. spare v People who have an hour to ‘l:‘u.“ty spend it with somebody who asn't. ———— Location Is Big Factor: | From the Terre Haute Star. Arizona Dow' it would b puting ‘o & {