Evening Star Newspaper, November 1, 1930, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR e With Sunday Morning Edition. S . ., 'WASHINGTON, D. C. + BATURDAY. ...November 1, 1030 “THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor (e A Evening Star Newspaper Company Busine: lce: nnsylvanin_Ave, ice: 110 East 42nd Bt. e Michigan Bullding. AN Repent: St London: the City. 4se ana Bunday ik ndass) -+ 05¢ ver month e Sunday Star .- B¢ per copy Collection made a¢ el moith. fil'n m sen “NAtional 6000, telep Rate by Maill—Payable in Advance. ryland and Virginia. Eyjle“’lnndu -1 ¥r.,810.00: 1 mo.. o §7.036.00: 1 mo.s lay only 51, $460: 1 mo. ane un 1 e end of v i by mail or All Other States an d Canad: a2 0.. 81 ;480 rer.month { writers of all lands and love and honor 60c oer month | them all equally. both the Bible and Shakespeare are “literature,” too, and that scores of other splendid things, in all languages, Ceserve the proud title. 2 The distinguished English novelist's list turns out to be merely an expres- slon of a personal preference, as all such “lists” usually turn out to be. In thelr very essence they can be nothing tlse., No ohe commentator, no matter how cuitured he may be, can be so broad and tolerant in outlook that he can gather up the gold and purple of the | Every reader, whether he be a writer, | too, or not, must have certain blind spots in his mentality, which honestly | THE EVENING United States will continue to suffer staggering annual fire Josses. The present unparalleled drought in nearby States should caution all prop- erty holders against the careless burn- ing of Autumn leaves. Here is a mat- ter which every one may bring home to himself. Even if one burns no leaves, he may set a fire by carelessly throw- ing away a clgarette butt. Play safe! Remember that, right or wrong, the modern cigarette does not go out until 1t is burned out. ] An Outlaw 0il Well. A hazard that residents of the East- ern seaboard do not have to contend with menaces Oklahoma City and fear \ is felt that unless extraordinary precau- { prevent him from seelng peculiar good | | in certain books which otier readers love | 10ns are observed a major disaster may ane | instinetively. 492 | The canons of literary criticism are ‘Thus many proclaim Dante one of the “world's greatest writers,” whereas other educated men can “see nothing in him.” occur. On Thursday a gigantic wild ofl well “blew in" on the edge of the city and as the “black gold” spouted skyward at the estimated rate of sixty thousand barrels a day more than one 50¢ | 100 large to permit any one person ,O{Imndrm million cublc feet of gas was 'mber of the Assoclated Pre s exclusively entitled 1 01 il 1ews (ic “h or not otherwise cied- | become foolish. tiiis he .ocal news he: and also t ished herein. Al righis of publica‘ion of cial Test of a New Science. greater interest in the court test of | forensic ballistics than in the fate of the unfortunate Mr. Campbell. Tem- porarily held in a web of his own weaving, there must have been few in- deed who anticipated any other verdict than that which freed him yesterday afternoon. But the sc-called science of forensic, or court room, ballistics, the infaliibility of which had been preached loudly and at length, lent peculiar and dramatic interest to th> case. The prosecution had relied almost wholly upon the theory that no two bullets pro- jected from any two guns will bear | similar markings when studied under the microscope. And, accepling this as | & premite, the prosecution was pre- | pared to demonstrate that the bullets | which killed Mary Baker had been fired | from the gun turned over to the nu-{ thorities by the unfortunate Mr. Camp- | bell. ' But how demonstrate it? The defense | had succeeded in producing and quali- {ying as an expert another witness who | was just as certain that there were flaws in the theory and in its present application as the prosecution experts were certain that there were not. The prosecution challenge that several guns be fired in the presence of the jury and | that one of the prosecution experts be permitted to identify the bullets was| constitutional guarantees, if necessary, immediately accepted by the defense. ‘The guns were fired, the bullets pldced the microscope. seemed to depend upon whether mel Government's expert would be able to .do what re said he could do. But what a denouement! When the came to show the results of the | political meetings of all kinds have been in court, the Government's expert forbidden until November 21. Troops at| his eyes—figuratively, ued to a microscope. The test ticularly in Matanzas and Santa Clara incomplete. And justice, mov- ‘I Provinces. There have been ugly rumors , could not waft for its ou(.;of & general strike as a protest against what might have been a the President’s strong-arm methods. exposition of & new and exact | The opening of the polls this morning science fell flat with a dull and hollow The test will proceed. Its re- may be given, and the Govern- ‘ment expert, sincere and hard-working that he is, may yet justify his| ippose he does? The effect merely to enshroud in greater an already baffling case. interesting . points have been develcped in this trial. One is the | commentary on the value of “expert” witnesses, The public already knows the divergent and conflicting views Peris in the science of medicine. One allenist, for instance, will swear that the defendant is as crazy as a loon and irresponsible for his acts. The other will swear that the defendant Was as sane as any man. This situa- tion could be explained, possibly justi- fled. Eveh so, it is not too much to believe that the day will come when the court, and the court alone, will t may be produced im court by ex- ispatches herein are alxo 1eserved. | | ing & new Congress. The island repub- Before the trial even began there was | li¢ Votes today, three days ahead of us. | ! From continental Latin America came 'man than Gerardo Machado been en- ' throned in the presidential palace in | means the collapse of the sugar indus- Everything | metropolitan area of Havana, has con- e responsible for the selection of ex- | pert witnesses, their fees to be paid by the State. The present procedure | 4n selecting, producing and remunerat- ing experts is nothing short of an in- wvitation to miscarriage of justice. The other point relates to court Y00m | with a foot ball rally, does not really ‘The compensate theni for a poor team. The identification of fingerprints has alr:ady safest time to get in the limelight of attained that sacred statds, and no one | ine collegiate and municipal authorities’ questions it. Forensic ballistics is new. ateention is after the close of & highly ‘There are plenty to doubt the theory. | syccessful season and even then, some- The example just furnished in Wash- | yimes, when you win you lose. ballistics as an exact science. ington is not helpful. But if in truth it 15 an exact sclence, it will triumph in the end. Its use will be confined t0 problem California will substitute 2,000 corroborative evidence, circumstantial rather than definite. It is doubtful if any man will ever be convicted on the | to the list of old songs which have en- | © strength of such evidence zione. Before ' joyved recent revivals that 1t can be used in court with practical |“nyii, ve Tarri effect in convincing a jury of laymen, however, it must be divested of all mys- | tery znd become capable of simple and the “East” makes it appear that the monstration. If the identifica- | town is & suburb of something and pe- quic; tlon the uab - laboratory progress. sullets is a science, and rot a research now i | | this will result from the val- | pencs on circumstances in such cases i | nobody ever heard of East Lynne or pronounce a universal judgment. When he does so, he merely tends to e The Cuban Elections. Cuba, like the United States, is elect- he campaign now ended was one of the most turbulent in the country’s history. Revolution was in the air. the winds of contagion that seemed to threat-n Cuba with & repetition of | cyclonic events in Bolivia, Peru, Argen- | tina and Brazil. Had a less fron-fisted Havana no one can tell what might have happened In Cuba. | Economic depression, which in Cuba | try, is at the root of the island’s politi~ cal unrest. Public disquiet and discon- | tent have been aggravated by charges of corruption and tyranny against the Machado government. Constitutional rights, its encmies have contended, were systematically trampled under foot. Law and order were becoming so conspicuous by their absence that another American intervention in Cuban affairs, as con- templated under the Platt amendment, was heralded as Inevitable, if not im- minent. A month ago President Machado, in anticipation of today's election, took cognizance of the rising tide of popular turmoil by inducing & special session of Congress to clothe him with dictatorial powers. He was authorized to suspend and put the whole island under martial law. Comparative calm, especially in the tinued thus far, but the government is taking. no chances. As a precaution against all possible disturbances fol- lowing today's election, parades and are garrisoned at strategic points, par- was reported to be the scheduled hour for the industrial demonstration. Senor Machado promises that new iaws insuring the expression of free will are to be enacted following the congressional elections. He also an- nounces an impending budget reduction of $10,000,000. Salaries of all govern- ment employes earning more than $100 a month will bé slashed and expenditure on secret service work will be reduced “as far as possible.” Cubans who claim that the Machado regime has inaugu- rated a reign of terror comparable to the Russian Cheka will doubtless wel- come this projected cut in espionage appropriations. If Cuba emerges tranquillized from the prevailing stress and storm, as a result of today's vote, the United States will have almost as much cause for satisfaction as the islanders themselves. ‘The Latin American ship has been list- ing too heavily this year toward gov- ernment by bullet rather than govern- ment by ballot. s i Princeton University freshmen have found that a highly enjoyable campus riot, even though held in connection —————t e To ameliorate the unemployment Jjobless men for a few steam shovels in | its construction camp program. Add ' lorious ditty, Drill v —e— East Liverpool, Ontario, decides that titions that it be dropped. A lot de- East Aurora complaining. —ee— Hugh Walpole, the eminent novelist, declares that there are only six books n the world worthy of being called lit- | tyry] Autumn leaves the fire hazard of It is doubted if any reader of | the Nation will pick up with a jump. this knows as many as six persons Who | Iy behooves every intelligent person, erature. have read all six of them. And, by the way, none on the list are put around tn botel rooms by the Gideons, which Seems a rather strange omission. r—— Latest favorite song around the De- partment of the Interior: “Has Any- body Here Seen Kelley?" r——— Mr. Walpole's Opinion. Hugh Walpole is a literary man whose opinions ought to be and are received wath respect. Therefore when he an- nounces, as he did recently, that there are only six books in the world worthy of being called literature, the average booklover will listen. Also he will wonder why it is that such broad generalities ever come to be spoken. Tolstoy's “War and Peace” is a fine novel, but surely no greater than Les Miserables.” Homer's ancient poetry, but not ‘Vietor Hug: “Illad” is fine better than Vergil's “Aeneid.” Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice” is splen- scarcely any better than her ! R Autumn Fire Hazards. With the falling of millions of beau- therefore, to consider what may be done by himself and others to minimize as much as possible this increased lla- bility. Mis. Edith Rogers, Repreentative in Congress from Massachusetts, is spon- soring & plan whercby Government ex- perts would develop methods which would tend to ‘make Ccigarettes and matches go oyt when cast aside. Whether this plan would have the approval of the cigarette manutac- turers is another question. In the old days all cigarettes went out when the smoker stopped pufug upon them, but practically all of those new cn the mar- ket will burn clear through from end to end after being lighted. Most human beings are thoughtless and many & smoker who does not realize his personal responsibility will throw a cigarette out of a window without once stopping to think where it will land. It The cigarette which would go out, once the human breath of life were removed, might do a great deal to released. Frantic efforts have been made to curb the flow, but like the famous Wild Mary Sudik, the outlaw well that defied control for eleven days last Spring, the new giant roars on, spreading potential disaster before it. In the affected section all fires are banned, trains and automobiles pro- hibited, schools closed and many resi- dents have vacated their homes. The situation, according to the authorities, is the most serious ever faced by the city and even afler the well is capped, clouds of gas will remain for days. Oll and gas fires are dread hazards of the struggle of man to draw the precious fluid from the ground. Gen- I erally, however, the wells are located at some distance from centers of popula- tion and do not threaten a city. If fire, however, should be the result of this latest prank of nature the catas- trophe would be horrible to contem- plate. Improvements in drilling are being effected steadily. It is to be hoped that some way will be found to harness powerful wells before a calamity of Nation-wide scope takes place. —— o e Lutherans to the number of, 1,377,000, representing seven synods, are to form a single church. That is & move in the right direction. The days of steadily developing and diverging denomination- alism have passed and wise men see in the greatest possible consolidation pro- gram the most rosy future for ths church as a whole. o The United States Bureau of Fish- eries is installing electric traffic signals to guide young salmon downstream to the Pacific. If these should stop work- ing and subaquatic traffic cops needed, there are, of course, crabs available, v——— In Russia they plan to confer on suc- cbssful students the degree of Doctor of Athelsm. If the university offering this course and the students themselves are sincere, then the diplomas should be written in disappearing ink. —— et — It may be just coincidence, but it is curious how short the skirts are---or at least how short they are worn—in snap- shots of young and youngish ladies who are suing for divorces. R SHOOTING STARS. . BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. A Sweet Singer. Sweet as the rose-laden zephyr at twi- light, Soft as the touch of the night angel's | wings, On the waves where the moon leaves a tremulous high light— Such is the song that the candidate sings. Once the world paused for the trouba- | dour's ditty, Welcomed the bard for his fancies 50 rare. Jongleurs and gleemen are gone, more’s the pity. *Tis the candidate now who must woo us from care. Pictures that fade like cloud castles which vanish There where the sun quits the eve- ning skies Shine as he hastens our sorrows to banish, Chanting the joys that ere long shall arise. Not to the past and its far-away glories . Does he attune his melodious voice. Of the future he tells us sweet, beau- tiful stories, candidate, bless him! solace! Our cholce! Our Our Complacent. “Are you becoming uneasy, now that “No,” replied Senator Sorghum. * am perfectly composed and place su- preme confidence in the wisdom of the common people to display at the polls that excellent judgment which has dis- tinguished their voting in the past.” A Hope. “Your latest literary work attracted no attention whatever,” said the friend who 1s cruelly frank. “No,” replied the disappointed author. “My only hope is that some one will one day make it famous by plagiariz- ing it.” An Impression of Europe. From trouble there is no release; There's turmoil day and night. ‘With some lands looking for peace, Another wants a fight. Proof. “Is there any doubt about our pros- perity?” asked one man. “None whatever,” answered the other. “If you don't believe we have money to burn, look at the way the streets and highways are dotted with gasoline stations.” Early Indications. “I guess our boy Josh is goin' to be & great statesman or somethin,” sald Farmer Corntossel. “Is he interested in the tariff?” “No. But every time he runs acrost a funny story he learns it by heart an’ tells it at the dinner table.” Varied Facilities. Miss | 15 out of sight, out of mind, With him. | This world 1s but & fleeting show. "Tis popular—that's clear. Some get front seats and some must go And stand up in the rear. “As a rule” sald Uncle Eben, “de TAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELLL. Have you ever stopped to look at Washington from the vantage point of Wisconsin and Massachusetts avenues? ‘Thousands pass that high place every day, but perhaps few ever stop fcr the ole’ purpose of looking at the city be- oW 1o the southeast. Yet such views of foreign cities are | favorites with all tourists. Mcst books of travel include both word | pictures and actual photcgraphs of | famous cities as seen from above. | Surrounded &s many of them are by, mountains, of course, the bird's-eye | view of European cities is easier and mere beautiful than with our American | citles bullt in flat places. The mighty “Pllgrims’ Chorus” of Wagner is commonly portrayed &s com- ing from a group of wanderers who have come to an elevation, and are able to look down once more on the city which they left s0 many months before. Surely there s somcthing htnuli(u].‘ out of the ordinary, in a great city seen | from above, with all its domes, spires| and buildings, forming a group which | possesses at once majesty and lovell- ness. A city from the air is, in & sense, a dream city, since one does not see what- | ‘Washington. Upper Sixteenth street constituwes one of these, The writer here can recall the time as a child when he climbed the high clay bluffs where the park now stands across from Henderson's Castle. The view to the south was essentially then what it is today, with the exeception of numerous large apartments down Bixt-enth_street. The Washington Monumsnt was there, but not the Lincoln Memorial, The Capitol and the Congressional Libiary lay to the extreme east. Up Sixteenth street now, however, there is an entire new city. The same | city _extends out Connecticut avenue, | out Wisconsin avenue, so that one must | journey past Chevy Chase Lake almost to Kensington before coming to rising ground again from which to look down | upon this newer city, Maryland's by right of location, but in reality part and parcel of the National Capital of the United States. R It takes effort to look up, but it is easy to look down: perhaps that is why there is such a great satisfaction in a view seen from a hillside. Below curve: the road, winding down between th: ever of dirt or sordidness there may be | trees; white cottages stand to the sides, all see s the great avenue, 8. * % % % As one looks down over Washington | from the heights at Massachus Wisconsin avenues, he is struck by the | fact that the old Post Office D | tower is one of the most striking bits | there. Narrow alleys do not exist that one cutling ac with ‘gardens running back. The tops of tres have a beauty all their own, nor is their height lost to view by thu: looking &t th:m. of being at the other end. The general “lay of the iand” can be seen better from a hil'side than from any other vantage, not even excepting an’airplane. The plane is moving, and of architecture on the horizo We are sorry, for one, that they are BOINE to tear down the Post Office De~ | partment building. Let them call it an | architectural monstrosity all they want to. we have always liked it, and alway: will. To us it has aspects of beaut We defy any one to look at it from | afer, as from the place mentioned, and ot admit that there is sometiing strik- ing about its general outlincs. Perhaps cur personal fondness for this gray building, with its towers and pro- jectlons, goes back to @ set of stone | building blocks which we had They were beautiful blocl since have we e with them, dark red, colors, With these blocks it possible to construct a bullding which exactly re- 'mbled the Post Office. And we always have wondered since exactly when the | spleen against this interesting building got started. | Why, that old clock alone is worth keeping! No one can ever be sure | whether it s right or wrong, whether | any two of its faces are keeping the same time in the same way, but that| little peculiarity makes it an interesting clock, Consider these fnhuman clocks, the electric timepieces. Granted that’ they are wonderful inventions, is there not something terrifyingly efficient in their ruthless march abreast of time? . Only the fact that the current may 80 off, now and then, keeps them within the category of humanity. Human beings fall, every now and then, no matter how great or ruthless they may be, s0 it 1s but fitting that th<ir clocks should not strike upon occasion, .“xxn Stand well back from the curb, if you want to peer at Washington from the height mentioned. Hundreds of fast-moving motor cars pass here, ren- dering it one of the most dangerous places in the city for the pedestrian. Freedom from hurt is one of the necessary el'ments in the admiration of beauty. There are other points in & child. never ver seen any to compare Some were gray, others me blue, perhaps other the city where one may look down upon most often is too high, whereas the hill iz stationary, and is at & human height irom the lower level When looking at one’s city from above, as a hill, one 15 not engaged in making @# survey, or a map of any kind, but v enjoying the sight, sits as in a theater balcony, look- ng down upon the show. Much the same view may be enjoyed, of course, | frem the Washington Monument, and it is a sight which thousands of tourists see on their trips here. There is something staged, as it were, about these views to the four corners | of the compass. What we sesk is the impromptu glimpse, selzed at a mo- | ment of passing, and made one's own | :Jy force of will, by deliberate prolonga- merzly He fon. The will power comes in when one hesitates, and stops to look in all sclemnity. The stopping is what counts. No doubt many persons look out of their automobiles every day as they pass the high point at the avenues mentioned, but hardly ever give the view a thought. They see it, but not exactly con- sciously. Now one must rea that a thing is beautiful before it really be- comes beautiful to him. In the matter of a painting, or a statue, or a fine buflding, it is essential that the be- holder stand still before it. It will not do to study such things on the run. to glance at them in pass ing, and say, “Oh, fsn't it beautiful?” The truth is that, unless one stops long enough to look both for beauty and ugliiness, he cannot be sure whether it is more lovely than the opposite. | Hence, to be free from ready-made | opinions, forced upon one by others, the spectator must stop long enough to see things for himself, as they are for | him. An entire city can call a bullding | ugly, and if he likes i, that is suffi- cient—for him. | In getting impromptu glimpses of | Washington, from points sufficiently | high to give it unfamiliar aspects, it is | necessary to carry about with one a | willingness to approach the familiar as ! If it were brand-new. This is a difficult approach. but it may be achieved, and s with it rewards. | ! bri Germans’ Moratorium Idea Gains Little Support Here Hints of a moratorium for Ger- many in its war payments to European countries are received with some skep- ticism in the United States. The plan presented by Dr. Schacht and sug- gested by Chancellor Bruening as the | alternativg to an increase in Germany's foreign trade, it is felt, would compli- cate payments of other countries to the American Government: while it might | have the approval of the International Bank, it is suggested that it would be damaging to German prestige, Among the limited number of favor- able comments is that of the Flint Daily Journal, which offers the judg- ment as to the surrounding conditions: “There seems to be no way of denying the acluility of Germany's difficult financial position. There is very little object, furthermore, in pushing de- mands beyond the point where Ger- many possibly can bear them. In view of the seriousness of her financial posi- tion at the moment, it is only logical to assume that Dr. Schacht's sugges- tion for a moratorium, unofficial, may be the solution.” “It is well to remember,” many will ask for a moratorium in con- nection with Young plan payments. He has not advocated repudiation of the nation’s obligations. He his simply stressed the seeming truth that if the German people of all parties do ngt co-operate in pushing the new program to success (hese disagreeable alterna- tives of a moratorium and forced re vision of solemn obligations may ha to be accepted. He asks co-operation from all groups. And he naturally feels that he is morally justified in request- | ing such combined aid because he is presenting no artificial program as a means_of economic revival.” ok x ‘Prance, Great Britain and Ttaly would unquestionably try to withhold payments to the United States if Ger- many failed to pey them.” concludes the South Bend Tribune, with the state- ment that “every American taxpayer would be affecte but the Tribune states, as to the alternative, that “Ger- many's neighbors may be too busy trying to revive their own trade to be able, if they were willing, to adopt Dr. Schacht's suggestion that they assist in | extension of German foreign trade.” Giving significance to the Reichstag’s adjournment until December 3, after & | vote of confidence to Chancellor Bruen- ing's coalition government in the face of the “nolse and fury” of the radicals the Charleston Evening Post de 2 “Ameticans, especially, have a large stake in orderly government in Ger- many and it is to be hoped that by the time the members return in December the passions engendered by tlie recent election will have had time to subside and Chancellor Bruening will be per- mitted to go forward with his admini trative policies, which in the main call for carrying on without any radical changes.” The hope that “Germany can pull out of the present slump without taking any drastic action” is expressed by the Lex- ington Leader with the thought that such action would have a very un- fortunate effect on the entire European and. indeed. the world sit . PR Asbury Park Press fee's that ‘“so great is our stake in the economic stability of Europe that threats of disrupting the present structure are received in this country with grave fear.” The Yakima Daily Republic recognizes the uncom- promising attitude of France toward German restlessness under the treaty, but advises that “the latter country had better not carry the bluff too far.”” The Springfleld Union holds that “when France takes the initiative by suggesting & plan of readjustment the time may be ripe for a serlous discussion of a German mo:atorium.” * ok x “The intelligent mass of the German )l contends the Chicago Daily . “‘cAnnot but realize that the tion of German d 'fl‘l though quite | advises | the Providence Journal, “that Chancel- | lor Bruening has not said that Ger-| | not the least of which is the American, which has drawn some of its best hlood | from Germany, and, though lately its reluctant adversary in war, is today its well-wisher and friend. The Rochester Times-Union avers that “the vote of confidence given to ! Chancellor Bruening simplifies the in- ternational situation in general” The Richmond News Leader thinks that in , case the Advisory Committee of the new Bank of International “which ‘can grant the moratorium if it | thinks proper, withholds approval, or Germany deciines payment, then the Young plan affords no specific recourse. but it is generally believed that the dis- | pute would be one which the principal powers could be required to submit to the judgment of the World Court. Ultimate refusal on Germany's part tions would leave the allies free to impose penalties, as author- ized under the treaty of Versallles. Whether sanctions would ever be applied is another question,” says that paper. Little likelihood “that Germany will have recourse to such bold and danger- ous measures as the declaration of a moratorfum would cona‘itute,” appears to the New York Post, while the Detroit Free Press avers that “the international loan of $125,000,000 she has just ob- tained cught to tide Germany over the current year” and the Indianapolis Star contends that “capable cous leadership will be needed o guide the country through a deli. cate situation, although the outlook is by no means as discouraging as surface disorders might indicate.” The Birming- ham News is convinced that “Chancel lor Bruening’s fortitude in these criti- I hours, while the very constitution of the republic is being attacked, marks him as a strong, sincere statesman whom thoughtful Germans may j regard as a peer of the laf Stresemann. It is Bruening and Str mann,” continues the N who, in this hour of darkness, reflect the sound- ;;:.7‘ and strength of the German peo ) 'Suggests Way to Solve District Parking Problem To the Editor of The Star: A suggestion on how to avold the | parking evil: Why not have the street car com- panies get together and have them reduce their rates during the hours of 10 am. and 4 pm. to 5 cents? It would stimulate business. Most people would rather spend a nickel for street car fare than be bothered with driving a car down town and spend half the time | looking for a parking place. GEORGE E. DODSON. [Missouri Would Keep | Heavy Busses Off Roads | Prom the Oklahoma City Times. 2 | Missouri has undertaken to remove from its highways busses that are larger, higher and heavier than regulations permit. Legislation regulating such common carrfers should be within the province of the Siate. The bus lines | use State highways. Vehicles that hamper traffic or impose too much wear | on the highways, should not be tolerat- |ed. Highways are primarily for the | convenience of the public, rather than for the profit of private firms. r————————— Railroad Practice Involved. From the Muncle Star. It all depends on the point of view whether the head of the Pennsylvania Rallroad, in deserting the regular Republican nominee, merely took a | switch or jumped the track. | i Poise High and Low. From the Akron Beacon Journal. & A king and a bellhop have poise. is the reward of who know how | great they are or people are. It is simply a matter Settlements, | and | NOVEMBER 1, 1930. | [THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover ‘The “Land. People and History” are discussed in part I of “Spain,” by Sal vador de Madariaga, former membor of the secretariat of the League of Nations, now professor of Spanish studies at Oxford. Senor de Madari- aga, who has written much for Ameri- can’ magazines and spoke before Wash- ington audiences on A visit here not long ago, is interested and well in- formed as regards the affairs of other natfons than his own. For this reason perhaps he interprets Spain all the better. His book primarily a discus- sion of modern Spain. its politics, eco- nomics, education, igion, social life; but a brief summary of the history of Spain is given to furnish the background for the new Spain of the twentieth cen- tury. Part I, though in the nature of an introduction, is especlally interest- ing. It suggests how the natural features of the country and the racial stocks of the people have influenced the history of the nation. “The main fact about the land is its inaccessibility. Spain is a castle, The Iberian Penin. sula stands at a _higher mean aliitude than any other European nation save Switzerland, and 1if it be borne in mind that Switzerland rises cn a pedestal of high lands, while Spain rises from the sea, the avera altitude of Spain (2,000 feet approximately) will appear as’ more impressive than the average altitude of Switzerland (3,600 feet).” Mountain ranges border all sides of Spain—the Cantabric Range on the north, the Sierra de la Estrella on the we: the Andalusian Range on the south and the Valencian Mountains on the east. The whole peninsula is thus walled. Between these walls d the ocean are only narrow strips of land, cut by occaslonal streams, The Valley of the Guadalquivir is the only one which “penctrates in a gradual ascent to the very heart of the peninsular labyrinth.” ~ On the north the tower- ing Pyrenees scparate Spain from the rest of Kurope. Most of the peninsula is a tableland, broken up by ranges and depressions. ““The citadel of this castle is the central tableland, or Meseta Central, an archaic formation stretch- ing over two-thirds of the territory at an average altitude of about 2,000 feet and generally considered as the geo- logical nucleus and the oldest constit- uent of the peninsula. This tableland gives the country its most typical leatrues—lofuness, bareness, space. * * * A range of high mountains, eperpendicular to the Iberfan Range, cuts it, from northeast to southwest, into two portio) Old Castile * * « d New Castile, * K X % “Varled but one is the land; varied but one the people,” says Senor de Madariaga. Tuere is a complex mix- ture of physical types, and authorities | differ amusingly regarding the origins | of these types. “A centre of round- | headed types seems well established on the Cantabric Coast, stretching from Santander to Coruna, while & similar centre of long-headed races would ap- pear to exist on the southeast coast, | bween Alicante and Almeria." A | thropological studies are confused, how- ever, by the jumbling of the round and long heads, for both round and long are continually appearing in unexpected districts. ~ Humboldt considered the Basques the original inhabitants of the peninsula, but is discredited by modern scholars. The Romans assigned three original peoples to Spain: Iberians, Celts and Celt-Iberians. “Two things, however, seem certain. The first is that from a very early time, perhaps as far back as the twelfth century B.C, there was a wealthy, active and enlightened civilisation in the south and southeast of Spain. * * * The second, that the Iberians, whoever they were and wherever they came from, were already known in the past for most of the characteristics which are attributed to Spaniards of all times.” The Spanish types were much modified by the Moor- ish invasion and conquest in 711, when the Moors spread over the whole insula except the inaccessible vlfi? of the Cantabric and Pyrenean ranges. Until the fall of Granada and the ex: pulsion of the Moors, “they lived on the most intimate terms with the peopl hey found in the peninsula, both in peace and in war—two forms of in- timacy. * * * There is no doubt that in their 400 years of cordial intimacy in peace and war the racial intermixture must have been deep. Not only the Moor but the Jew was bound to be- come an important element in the Spanish people as at present consti- tuted. The typicaliy Oriental char- acteristics of the Spaniard, though they may have pre-existed, must have been familiarity with two typlcally Orlental | races.” Senor de Madariaga’s char- acterization of the Spaniards of dif- ferent localities, with examples of great men natives of those localities, is one of the most interesting parts of this section of his book. For example, the Gallegan is shrewd, intelligent, hard- working, thrifty; the Asturian is viva- clous and poetic; the Basque is a healthy, simple peasant; the Aragonese is the most primitive, most distinctively Span- ish, uncompromising, stubborn, rich in intuition; the Valencian is passionate, easily aroused, artistic. Valle-Inclan is Gallegan; Ayala is Asturian; Loyola was Basque: Goya was an Aragonese; Ibanez and Sorolla were Valencians. * oK % % Aspiring to be a critic of society and of majority ideas, as well as historian, Harry Elmer Barnes has for a time usp:nded his eiucidations of the causes { the World War and his attempts | definitely to fix the guilt for it and has written “The Story of Punishment. A | Record of Man's Inhumanity to Man.” It is a gruesome story. The measures taken by society throughout the past to protect itself from criminals may make us consid<r that society today has gone to the other extreme in its senti- mentalizing over the criminal; or we nay belleve, as Mr, Barnes does, that s that a criminal ased person and that it is futile to punish him. Permanent segregation for the incurable types and treatment for the curable ones are his suggestions. * ook ok Pessimistically and cynically, Norman Douglas thinks that the Western World is on the steep and slippery incline which will soon bring it to violent de- struction. In Culture” he represents that such prob- able destruction will not be altogeth: deplorable. He finds much that he pre- fers in the Orlental culture of India, in spite of the revelations of Katherine Mayo in “Mother India.” H: finds India jlliterate, but thinks she is fortu- nate to be so, for there are her “self- respect and ease of soul” which are far more important than general literacy. Then there is the curry of India, “her contribution to human happiness, whose delectable flavor would make even a philosopher forget the need of knowing A B C's. Mr. Douglas finds the West overeducated, overgoverned, overindustrialized, overtaxed, ovel soclalized generally. He blames the Romans for beginning the “shoddiness’ which characterizes the Western World. The bitterness of this book is quite dif- ferent from the cheerful, sympathetic irony of “South Win Perhaps Mr. Douglas does not mean it all or perhaps he is becoming crabbed as he grows older. L Martin Luther appears as the chal lenger of all authority in “Martin Lu: thel A Destiny,” by Lucien Febure, translated by bert Talley. Luther had difficulties with others than the Pope. He broke off connections with family and friends when he became a menk. He rebelled aggjnst the disci- %line of his order before he broke with me over the sale of indulgences. At the Diet of Worms he challenged the authority of the empire. He quar- reled with Erasmus and the humanist and with Zwingli and the evangelicals. He was altogether an individualist who was temperament unable to get along with tions. * K kX How really to the Rhine, boat or by ."’-3'{' merely to nx it or. it in one day, is g % reinforced by these four centuries of | “‘Good-Bye to Western | ANSWERS TO QUE§TION§ BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘The resources of our free Informa- tion Bureau are at your service. You are invited to call upon it as often as you please. It is being maintained solely to serve you. What question can | we answer for you? There is no charge | at all except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address your let- | ter to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, | ‘Washington, D. C. | Q. How did Monte B movies?—F. A. B. A. Monte Blue is a Cherokee Indian. He was born in Indianapolis, Ind, in | 1890. He spent nine years in an Indiana | orphanage. At 16 he ventured out into | the world. He dug coal in a Pennsyl- | vania mine. He lived as a cowpuncher | in Montana and drifted about the globe. | As a soap-box agitator he was ordered | out of Spokane. By turns he was an | Oregon lumberjack, a sallor, a rail- roader, and a shipping clerk in Chicago. In 1913 Blue was a carpenter and odd- Jjob man on the old Griffith lot in Holly- | wood. Griffith happened to pass an | absorbed crowd of workers and over- | heard Blue at his old stunt of harangu- ing his fellow laborers. The director’s | eyes fastened upon Blue. “Man,” he exclaimed, “you're an actor!” ~And forthwith Blue joined the Griffith pay | roll. ue get into the | Q. Is there air mail service between England and India?—F. E. S. A. Such a service was inaugurated in 1929, the first mail plane arriving in | Karachi, April 6. The service operates weekly in both directions. Q. How many chickens are raised in the United States?—W. W, A. On January 1, 1929, there were 409,291,000, Q. Which of the national parks is| known as “The Big Tree National! Park”?>—M. C. W. | A. It is Sequoia National Park. Scores of scquoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter, thousands over 10 feet in di- | ameter, are found there, It is in this patk that the General Sherman Tree, 37.3 feet in diameter and 273.9 feet high, is located. Q. What is a Westphal balance?— 8. T. “A.'It is an instrument for ‘measuring the specific gravity of minerals, liquids, ete. Q. How do the Japanese interpret the symbolism of the lotus?—E. E. R. A. This Buddhist emblem is to them “the symbol of triumph over self; of extinction of the fires of passion: of abnegation and self-control.” The flawer is the token of all that is best in man and woman. It is the Buddhist emblem of death. Q. What control did the Government have over rallroads before the pas- sage of the Interstate commerce law?— D. . W. A. Originally the railroads were, under the ancient common law, com- mon ecarriers, and as such were re- quired to furnish transportation to all, without diserimination among those who applied for it, and to charge only reasonable rates, but the only remedy | to those who thought they had been discriminated against or charged un- reasonable rates and damaged thereby was a suit in court. Some rallroads were limited by their charters as to maximum rates they could charge. Regulation by the Government and some of the States began in 1887. tertain Booker T. Washington at din- ner in the White House?—F, D. A. Booker T. Washington dined with Roosevelt at the White House October 18, 1901. There is dispute as to whether the meal was luncheon or dinner. Roosevelt was not the first President > entertaln a colored man. _Grover Cleveland invited Frederick Douglass and his white wife to a congressional reception at'the White House, Q. How long did the Hughes insur- ance investigation in New York last?— | L. K. K. | A. The public hearings, 57 in num- ber, were held between September 6 and December 30, 1905. Q. Please give a recipe for tomato paste —8. E, A. Put three cups of flour on a bread board, make a hole in the middle and break twd eggs into it, add one-fourth cuP tomato juice, one-half teaspoonful salt and mix all together. Roll out to the thickness of a 10-cent plece and let dry a little. Fold over a number of times, always lengthwise, and cut across, making strips about one-half inch wide. Cook the ribbons thus made for 10 minutes in two quarts of boiling salt water. Drain and serve with meat and sauce, Q. Is a replica of Mount Vernon to be built in France?—E. T. B. A. Mr. Charles K. Bryant of Rich- mond, Va., architect for the American Commission, has &uu completed ar- rangements for building at the exposi- tion in Phris next year a reproduction of Mount Vernon. Q. Is the oldest male child of the King of England born the Prince of Wales?—C. E. A. The heir apparent is born Duke of Cornwall and becomes Prince of Wales only by creation. After the death of Llewellyn, the last native prince of Wales, in 1301, Edward I created his scn Prince of Wales. Q. What is a federal republic?—L. A. It is one which hllpl central n’-‘ publican government with limited su- premacy over the constituent republics. Q. Please give a biography of Ed Wynn, who is appearing ?n’"sxmpu SllAnoli;?-—E. R. . Wynn, son -of Joseph and Minnie Leopold, was born in Philadel~ hia, November 8, 1886. He attended igh school in that city and, for a short Uime, the University of Pennsylvania. He married Hilda Keenan, daughter of Frank Keenan, the actor. They have one son, Frank. Appearing in vaude- ville from 1901-14, Wynn subseguently was with Ziegfeld's “Follies,” 1914 Winter Garden, 1916-17; wrote musie, lyrics and book of “Ed Wynn Carnival, 1919; wrote book, music, lyrics, “The Perfect Fool,” 1921; “The Grab Bag,” 1924. He is head of the Ed Wynn Pro- duction Co., member of the Bell News paper Syndicate and writer of Ed Wynn's Question Box. He is the first to broadcast the entire production of a musical comedy by radio. His ho: is at w{n“u' Grenwolde, Great Ni Long Island. Q. Who were named for the Hall of Fame at the last election?—D, 8. A. Dr. Robert Underwood Johnsom, director of the National Shrine of New York University, announced recently that James A. McNeill Whistler, painter; James Monroe, statesman; Matthew Fontaine Maury, scientist, and Walt Whitman, poet, were the t Americans named for the Hall of in the seventh quinquennial -election. Tablets bearing the names of the dis- tinguished candidates will be installed Q. Did Theodore Roosevelt really en- 1 with ceremonies next May. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers.of Other Lands VENING TIMES, Glasgow.—Is the slump in emigration from ! Scotland to the United States | a matter for regret? We put | this question not from any sen- | timental point of view. We may con- | gratulate ourselves that there is a wider | desire on the part of the people to re- | main “under the flag.” But the entire position is dictated from economic | standpoints. ‘The slump which is reflected in the | decreased allocation of United States | visas to Scotland is a pointer to two facts: Widespread unemployment at home and in the United States. Here many that might emigrate have not the money to do so, while others who |have it won't go, meantime, at any employment in the United States are much brighter than they are now. ‘The economic degem-wn is world- wide, and it may that when the labor market in the States improves, so will our own, but it is going to take a great déal to make our industries | prosperous. We need new and basic in- dustries which we have no signs of getting. Where, then, is the solution to come from? We do not want pallia- tives. We need employment in indus- tries, not relief schemes. Now the dominions cannot furnish it. They want agricultural workers, not industrial workers. They want the very class we should try to keep at hom Manpower on the land has also d creased in Scotland, and we need a bold recomstructive policy to remedy that. The United States seems to hold thfl solution to our problem whether we like it or not, and if, by going to America, the best of our skilled workers | are “lost to the flag,” they are at least | transferring to a country with 'which | we have close ties. And even if we | do lose these men, so far as Glasgow | goes there will still be a surplus of labor when the revival comes. The dominions cannot absorb it, nor, at present, can the United States. % &ie o American Sports | Bring Country Club to Chile. El Mercurio, Santiago.—With the in- vasion of our country and all other South American countries by the ex- otic sports of the United States and of England, our facilities and equipment for these diversions have had to be | radically increased. While there are | certain hygienic and athletic activities that can well be followed within lh?i crowded limits of the city, some of the more aristocratic and exciting pas- | times, such as polo, golf, trap-shooting | and equestrian indulgences, need the wider and wilder domains of the coun- try estate. This necessity has led in recent years to the establishment of what are known in England and North America as “country clubs,” and which for lack of an accurate idiom we call by the same appellation. These are large tracts of rural land, extensive |enough to be laid out in polo fields and 18-hole golf courses, and besides requiring terrain that is rugged In some places and level in others to pro- vide the hazards for the different | sports, the arcea must also be supplied with appropriate buildings in which the (rP?uem.enl of the games may rest and refresh themselves. This requirement has led us to the | foreign architecture of the “club house” or “country club.” Fortunately the | type of building used for these resorts | of the sport enthusiasts in England and North America are styles very suitable |for our own climatic conditions. Sev- eral structures on the English order have already been erected near Chilean cities, containing gymnasiums, dress- ing rooms, dining salons, libraries and smoking apartments. They are large, | Malcolm Letts in his “A | Rhine.” The history | and_architect; of all the towns from e Worms are | described, as'Well as the not'less in- | | teresting ds and_traditions. §Each yard and d, suggested by Wayfarer on spreading villas with ample porticoes and porches, where those seeking shade and comfort can still survey the perspiring enterprise of thelr confreres yet upon the plain. *« x %% Dublin Business Girl Advocates Shorter Dresses. Irish Independent, Dublir.- “Iony dresses are returning, but will the tris umph be short-lived?” asks a Dublin business girl. Answering her own ques= tion, she continued: ey are being frowned upon quite as severely as their abbreviated, knee-displaying substitutes would have been 50 yesss ago. Evem grandmothers are inclined to agree, re- luctantly, that long dresses really are an unhygienic nuisance. The sooner rate, until the prospects of obtaining | women bring Fashion to its knees again |—quite literally as well as metaphorie cally—the better for all of us!” o . Ajinomoto Distinctively a Japanese Food Invention. Japan Advertiser, Tokio.—At one Japanese food product has rec: international recognition and accorded the right to be called an original in= vention. Many things have been writ- ten about this product, which is called ajlnomoto, and many peculiar states ments have been made as to the in- r!‘ed]enls used in its preparation. The iteral meaning of the word in the Japanese language is “origin of taste.” It was discovered about 20 years a and was finally brought down to the concentrated form in which it now appears. According to the originater of ajin- omoto, Dr. K. Ikeda, he first e interested in food taste research when he noticed that, in addition to the four basic reactions of salty, sweet, bitter and pepper hot, each kind of fish, vege= table or meat had its own particular flavor which could not be definitel; classified. To find a substance whi would bring out this natural flavor was the object of many years of research by Dr. Ikeda. After tedious experiments he finally developed an acid known chemically as critamin natorium, and it is now used extensively in many Jap- anese foods and in particular to bring out the delicate flavor of the clear soups_so much admired by foreigners, The first export trade was established with China, and afterward to Europe, and of late even to the United States. However, its first use abroad was con- fined to a few of the large hotels and staurant chefs, who were quick to utilize the new appetizer, while in Japan it is employed in almost every household to improve soups, sauces, stews and sherbets. e Ajinomoto is made pris ly from the carbonhydrates of wheat and beans, as it was found that these two cereals were excellent sources of the basic ele= ment. As marketed, the product is very concentrated and can be detected even when diluted with 200 parts of water. Sugar cannot be tasted if diluted by more than 200 parts and salt if by more than 400 parts. e Keeping House Most Dangerous American Work. Neues Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna.— Keeping house is about the most dane gerous of all American occupations, ace cording to statistics compiled by the Government of the United States, espe- clally for women. In the course of the average year no less than 25,000 housewlves meet with fatal accidents in their homes. About 40 per cent of those sustaining fatal injuries fell from ;'3,’,‘,“;‘,;“ porches, or dn}:vnsuin. In , falls were the principal causes of the fatalities, g ———— Revolution Casualties. From the Worcester Telegram. In the list of those seriously wounded by the Brazillan revolution sure to includes the American bon o Bigamy Stories Mean Pictures, From the Dayton Daily News. of are rich song. papers, ... lmdg‘emwun ‘m“'fi"“‘fi,