Evening Star Newspaper, October 20, 1930, Page 2

RIGHTS OF STATES (N POWER LIMITED olding and Management Companies Make Regulation Extremely Difficult. his is the second of a series of three icles on for end_against Federal powel tlon 8zpected at the nezt session of Congress. ‘When President Hoover, in his mes- sage to Congress December, 1929, said there were interstate transactions in electric power “beyond the jurisdiction of the States” he was right. For example, if an electric power pro- ducing company in Tennessee sells power in bulk to a distributing com- y in Alabama, the Public Utility &:‘nmhslon in Alabama may fix the rate that the electricity is retailed to ‘consumers in that State. but it cannot regulate the price charged by the pro- ducing company and paid by the dis- tributor. Only the Federal Govern- ment, acting under authority of the in- terstate commerce clause of the Con- wtitution m:y regulate that transaction. The Alabama commission, in this case, in fixing the rate charged by the distributing company in Alabama, must take into account the price paid the tor of the electricity in Tennes- see. The State commission has no authority to determine whether that wholesale yrlcexls a fair price or nate. extortionate. It must, in effect, &c-; cept. that price as a basis for figuring what is a fair charge made by the ala bama distributing company to the con- sumers, The supporters of Federal regulation, among them Senator Couz- ens, insist that here is a loophole through which the electrical companies may mulct the consuming public. % Have Other Loopholes. There are other loopholes through which the electrical companies may ad- vance their price without the possibil- ity of control by the State commissions. ding and management companies t a feld which, it is said, is mak- the task of reglu\:llii&n fiy State commision increasingly difficul A qufi-i‘zr of a century ago the in- THIS PH e R il COURTNOT TORULE ON SENATE SUITS Supreme Tribunal Refuses Also to Hear $6,000,000 Scripps Claim. By the Assoclated Pre ‘Whether Senators are immune from liability in damage suits for assertions made on the floor of the Senate will not be decided at this' time by the Supreme Court. Thi® was disclosed today when the highest court refused to entertain a suit brought by Howe P. Cochran of Washington, D. C., a tax expert, against Senator Couzens of Michigan. The court also refused to review a $6,000,000 suit against the estate of the late Edward W. Scripps, newspaper publisher, brought by the widow. of his son, James G, Scripps. tion of electric companies T i K fon of electric power in great volume for long distances 1:’“ 1;:; ?r;:;nl ture. The electric pl - ffersant i il vicinity. All cl - day. x‘atwork:ynf wlxre: u;‘ry ele‘:l:rt.;leclz ! f miles from the 50 ;:.un odnct . State boundaries vanish under such conditions. ’!.‘lkflh:hfi case : t power project, tl oover g mcfilnmerly called the Boulder Dam. It is proposed to carry ywer for 250 miles ' ?flm‘i with this development of the | ission of electric power for long tances has grown up the “holding company” and the “management com- » in the feld of public utilitles. It! that these holding companies Widew Claims Money. The money was claimed by Josephine S. Scripps, the widow, as compensation for the management of the newspaper pmufi'm“ by her husband from 1908 until the Summer cf 1920. She contended that the father, Ed- ward W. Scripps, had entered into an agreement with his two sons James and John-under which they were to receive one-half of the actual increase in the profits from the properties during their management. . Robert P. Scripps as executor cf the estate of Edward W. Scripps contested the claim. The court also refused to review a dispute, &ehndhu in the courts for 25 years, whi involved valuable lands and the superstructure of the .power dam across the big Horn River on the Wind River Reservation in ‘Wyoming. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Raflway and others were successful in the tenth Circuit Court of Appeals in their claims to the land and asserting serles | 1t afning an order for the removal maoagements. These holding companies B a new lem in regulation of the public \n.mmumy of the States do not try 0 control them, and other States which have sought to do so are confronted with constitutional objection that of the superstructure on the ground that it caused low lands to be over- flowed. John T. Clarke and other perty owners asked the highest court reverse that ruling. The appeal of James Hamilton Lewis, candidate for Senator in Illinois, of his ‘Dangers Pointed Out. arising from thfi hold- r. trust.” Commission has been engaged work for more than a year. It ahead as rapidly as it can to the facts and to lay them be- the Senate. It is expected that the the commission will be of serv- ‘when it comes to the proposal to place the control and supervision of interstate electric power in the hands of the Fed- eral Commissio: Power Commission. Interstate transfer of electric power today covers the entire country. Not a single State in the Union does fail either to import or to export electrical , according to a bulletin issued June of this year by the National Light Association on the sub- of the “Interstate Transfer of . In some of the States the per- centage of the amount of electricity their borders is very small to the total consump- very I . Take, for example, case of Colorado. The bulletin shows there is no importation of power and that only 1 per cent of its production of electric power is exported. In Maine, which has pl-aty of water power to produce a tremendous amount of electric power, ther> is a State law which prohibits ths exportation of power. The theory has been that the Yetention of the hydro-electric power within the borders of the State would draw_manufacturing plants to Maine. And Maine, which has plenty of power of its own producing, imports only 2 per cent of its total consumption. ‘The Mississippi Siluation. Glance at the situation in Mississippl to get the other angle. Mississippl im- 76.7 per cent of its total con- sumption of electric power. Arkansas imports 73.7 per cent of its total con- :umgnon. uri imports 47.5 per cent of its total consumption of power. Coming farther East, Delaware is shown to im- port 66.2 per cent of its consumption of electric power and Rhode Island, | 259 per cent; Pennsylvania, 23 per cent; Massachusetts, 19.2 per cent; New Jersey, 19 per cent, and Maryland, in- cluding the District of Columbia, 242 per cent. Some of the large exporters of elec- trical energy are Idaho, with 62.2 per cent of all it; generated power going into Interstate commerce; Vermont, 64.6 per cent: Maryland and the Dis- trict of Columbia combined, 54 per cent; Indiana, 21.3 per cent; West Vir- ginia, 54 per cent; South Carolina, 32.3 per cent, and Wisconsin, 18.4 per cent. It is clear that the interstate trans- mission of power is not at all incon- siderable, particularly when the cases of the individual States are considered. And furthermore, the evidence is that the interstate power business is on the increase year by year. A memorandum from the Federal Trade Commission in- dicates that within the last two years ihere been an increase in the vol- ume of interstate transmission of ap- ly 3,000,000000 kilowatt . It i» sdded tnat recent hook- x show that this amount will be sub- increased. Principle Laild Down. ‘The Bupreme Court of the United States, in the Pennsylvania Natural Gas Co. case, huul’AM down the prin- and subject to regu- public utility com- allroads were permitted to issue passes under certain restrictions, the holders of such passes could not be given undue preference or advantage over paying ngers. It announced, however, that a rail- road could haul its own officers and employes free over its own lines in pri- vate cars when engaged in performing their official duties. REFUSES TO ACT Supreme Court Declines Considera- tion of Hotel Controversy. ‘The Supreme Court today refused to pass on the controversy between the Annapolis Co. and Harry Wardman and others arising out of the sale under a mortgage of hotel property belonging to the company. The company contended that the hotel furniture and equipment had er- roneously been held by the lower courts ‘® be covered by the mortgage. DR. SWINBUiRNE CHOSEN Elected President of American Na- turopathic Association. Dr. R. Swinbourne was elected presi- dent of the American Naturopathic As- sociation during its two-day convention here, Saturday and Sunday, at the Hamilton Hotel. Other officers elected were Dr. Harry F. Findelson, first vice president; Dr. Arles P. Pottle, second vice president: Dr. Arthur C. Heintz, treasurer, and Dr. Walter Seth Kipnis, secretary. A number of papers in advancement of the sclence were read before the convention by the more than 30 dele- gates present from all over the country. e electricity in Wisconsin transports that power to Kansas and there distributes it, the rates charged by the company in Wisconsin to the consumers in may be regulated by the Kansas State commission. ‘This is clearly interstate business. Yet the State commissions are today at liberty to regulate such business under the decree of the highest court. In ancther case, the Kansas Natural Gas Co. case, the Supreme Court has held that where a producing company sells to a distributing company in an- other State, the interstate business ceases with that transaction, and the actual sale by the distributing company to the consumers becomes intrastate business, although the commodity dis- tributed has been transported from one State to another. Under these decisions of the Supreme Court, applicable as they are to the electric power business, it is apparent that State public utility commissions have wide powers of regulation, if they see fit to use them, over power which is transmitted from o tate to an- other in interstate business. The States today are iting the electric power business so far as distribution to con- sumers is concerned, through agencies :t':? by tlh: Bhthui”ln a fcp'“or the tates regulation ‘municlj nance. This is true of Iowa, for ex- ample, Other States; except South ota, Minnesota, Kentucky, Florida, Mississippi and Texas, te the T T ordi- | date. The above photograph of the Lincoln Memorial was made by William Barnes of the boys’ department of the Y. M. C. A. with a homemade camera, made of a pasteboard box with a pin hole for a lense. Below is Barnes with his camera. U5, TAX REGEIPTS SHOW HEAVY DROP Government Income for First Quarter Discloses $62,- 000,000 Decrease. A big drop in Federal tax receipts for the first quarter of the fiscal year, with heavy losses especially last month, is revealed by the Bureau of Internal Revenue. From July 1 to September 30 the Government income from all tax sources was $708,363,707, as compared with $770,835,212 in the comparable months last year. The major part of the de- crease occurred last month, when the tax collections dropped $48,847,552 from $593,983,224 for September, 1929. Only six of the 36 classes of taxes showed increases and they were minor items. Income taxes registered the greatest drop, being $55,740,192 less than collections in the first three months last year. Corporation tax collections declined $14,055,350 while individual income tax receipts de $41,684,842. The total income tax receipts from July 1 to September 30 were $553,725,824, com- posed of $302,675,618 corporation taxes and $251,050,206 individual. Increases in Six Classes. ‘The six classes that showed increases included taxes on rectifiers, retail and wholesale liquor dealers, manufacturers of stills, etc., case stamps for distilled spirits bottled in bond and brewers, retall and wholesale dealers in malt lquors. The increases in these divisions led only $274. ‘The tobacco tax was the only general NEELY GIVEN LEAD IN WEST VIRGINIA Republicans, However, Put- ting Up Strong Fight for Senate Seat. (Continued From First Page.) the first district, in the northern part of the State. The cry is raised that a single county, McDowell, should not have both United States Senators. Jones'’ home is Switchback, in the southern part of the State, where he has extensive mining operations. He has not before run for public office, al- though he has had his hand in the po- litical game on a number of occasions and has contributed to campaign funds. ‘The Democrats claim that the State is controlled by the big interests—rail- road, coal, oil, water power and gas. They charge that these interests are back of Jones in the senatorial cam- paign now. In a measure, it is what the Democrats fear, for these interests, according to all accounts, have been extremely powerful in past elections. The charge is made that the railroad and power people were influential in getting Jones into the race and aided him in the primary. Neely, however, is not without friends among the coal operators. He took a prominent part in the fight against the confirmation of the nominations of John J. Esch and Cyrus Woods to be members of the Interstate Commerce Commission a couple of years ago, when it was suspected they would favor Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohifo coal mines in the contest with the mines of West Virginia and Ken- tucky in the lake cargo case. Rate Structure Changed. The commission had ordered an in- crease in the 25-cent differential fa- voring the Pennsylvania and Ohio mines to 40 cents on shipments of coal to the lake cargo traffic. The Southern railroads had cut their freight rates voluntarily to meet this situation, the West Virginia mines insisting they could not continue to compete with the Pennsylvania and Ohio mines under such conditions. Woods was a Pennsyl- vanian and Esch was believed to favor the Pennsylvania mines as against those of West Virginia. Neely's fight to block confirmation of these nomina- tions, therefore, aided him materially in West Virginia. It is reported that some of the operators will feel that they must support Neely in view of what he did for them. The Republi- cans, on the other hand, point out Jones is a West Virginia coal operator himself and ask who could be more friendly to the interests of the oper- ators and miners than he. There is apparently a considerable degree of apathy in this campaign. The people are more interested in get- ting jobs, in recovering their business and in a thousand and one personal affairs than they are in politics. This may be of assistance to the Republi- cans with their better organization which on election day will see to it that Republican voters go to the polls. An influential Democrat, who has participated in party politics and cam- paigns for many years, shook his head when discussing Neely's chances and expressed a fear that the resources of the Republican candidate and the or- ganization might in the end be too much for Neely to overcome. Sees Neely Ahead Now. On the other hand, a Republican who stands high in the party councils ad- mitted that if the election were held today Neely would win. This Republi- can said he thought there might be a chance of overcoming the Neely lead before election day. But he did not :gpdur any too hopeful that it would jone. ‘The prohibition question does not, DETS: | apparently, enter into the senatorial quarter, compared with $96,020,214 last year, while cigaret papers paid $413,379 this quarter, as against $376,096 a year ago. The total tobacco tax, however, was only $9,450 more in the first quar- ter of this year, due to decreases in large and small cigars, large cigarets, #nuff and chewing and smoking tobacco. Documentary stamp taxes which ad- vanced during the stock market boom, dropped away $7,936,343, showing a de- crease from . $24,060,196 in the first quarter of last year to $16,642,835 this year. Of this decrease $3,507,556 oc- curred last month, as compared to Sep- tember, 1929, Taxes on Stocks, Bonds Dfop. ‘Taxes on bonds of indebtedness, cap- ital stock issues, etc., and on_capital stock sales or transfers, which had in- | creased during the stock market boom, | dropped off $1,350,770 and $5,314,147,] respectively. The playing card tax de- clined from $954,584 in the first three| months of $827,701. Miscellaneous taxes dropped from $3,- 330,402 for the first quarier of the last year to $1,369,138 for the same period this year. The greater part of the decrease in tax collections was due to the drop in irfcome taxes collected last month, as compared to those received in Septem- ber last year. The collections this Sep- tember were $497,288,740, as compared to $542,065,837 last year. CAMPBELL LIKELY TO TAKE STAND IN HIS OWN DEFENSE (Continued Prom First Page.) the last fiscal year to your witness will produce, but in order to be fair I am calling your attention to this fact, because I consider the neg- atiyes very important.” Meanwhile, Dr. Albert H. Hamilton of Auburn, N. Y., microchemist, retained by the defense, declared the negatives Trlg{“ prove an important factor in the “I recall,” Dr. Hamilton said, “that in the recent trial of Ellen Oles on a charge of forgery in Boulder, Colo., neg- atives were the deciding issuz. The Government had produced photographs which plainly showed that a signature on a document had been written in ink and traced with a pencil. “State’s- Case Collapsed.” “The defense insisted that the nega- tives of the pictures be submitted. They were brought to the trial by express from New York. The State’s case col- lapsed at that point, as the negatives were dated and since one of them con- tained the pencil tracing while ancther did not, it was easily apparent that the pencil marks had been placed on the document after the arrest of the defendant, in whose behalf I had been called as a witness.” Associated with Smith will be Lucien H. Vandoren, a former assistant United States attorney, and Herbert S. Ward. representing the Veterans of Foreign Wars, of which Campbell is a member. ‘The case will be fl_rosemxud by Collins and James R. Kirkland, an assistant United States attorney. WINEVILLE RENAMED California Town to Be Known Henceforth as Mira Loma. ‘WINEVILLE, Calif., October 20 (#).— Wineville, center of a vineyard area, is going to have a new name November 1. Reasons for the change were varied. Some said Wineville was a strictly pre- prohibition name and therefore out of . Others asserted it had received too much unfavorable publicity because of the nearby “murder farm” of Gordon Stewart Northcett, who was hanged re- cently for lllyln{. boys. - ‘The name will be Mira Spanish for “view of tne B & | stronghol fight in West Virginia. Jones, in his only speech of the campaign, an- nounced that he stood for the eight- eenth amendment and the dry laws, Neely, only a day or two ago, placed himself again firmly on the prohibition wagon. He voted for and supported Al Smith, wet Democratic nominee for President, in the election two years ago, and an effort has been made to show him favoring the wet cause. But Neely has gone the route, in a public statement, declaring that he has al- ways been dry, voted dry and that he would continue to be dry. The State is still overwheimingly dry in senti- ment, it is said, although the first dis- trict, in which Wheeling is located, is wet. In the primary campaign for the senatorial nomination Jones had a number of opponents, one of them for- mer Represcntative Rosenbloom, who ran on a wet platform. . Rosenbloom lives in this district, and the vote he recelved, around 30,000, was mostly polled in wet Wheeling. Wheeln?, by the way, is a Republican . But even in this district it is expected that Neely will roll up a big vote. Two years ago Hatfield had only an 8,000-vote margin over Neely in the district, almost the entire lead | | by which Hatfield won. Utllity Interests an Issue. In discussing Jones’ chances against Neely, it is urged that Jones will have support of interests which really were hostile to Hatfleld two years ago. These are the coal and public utility inter- ests These interests have become an issue in the campaign largely through the hammering which they are given by H. C. Ogden, owner of a dozen news- | papers in the State. Ogden himself is a Republican. But he has been fight- | ing for years to compel a rearrange- ment of the State taxes so as to place greater tax burdens on the utilities and less on the homes and the farms of | the people. ‘The high rate of taxation, it is charged, has driven hundreds off the farms, and it is pointed out that last year 50,000 pieces of property, includ- ing farms and city homes, were sold for taxes. Ogden was urged to run for the Republican senatorial nomina- tion this year, but he declined to do s0. Two of the newspapers he owns have always been Democratic. They are attacking Jones and supportihg Neely today. But his Republican news- papers, including the Intelligencer and the News, published daily in Wheeling, are saying nothing whatever in sup- rt of Jones. Generally speaking, owever, the rest of the Republican press of the State is lined up for Jones. ‘Tariff Aids Republicans. ‘West Virginia has many industries. In Wheeling alone there are steel mills and glass factories, tobacco factories and pottery factories. The protective tariff of the Republicans is popular. ‘The Democrats have made no headway by attacking the tariff in West Virginia, As a matter of fact, the Republicans today are counting on the tariff as one of the main issues to pull them through this year both in the senatorial and House elections. There is no election of Governor or other State officers this year. The workers as well as tHe own- ers of the industries have been taught to believe that their livelthood depends on_the protective tariff. However, some of the mills have been closed and some are running on part time, with a considerable number of men and women out of jobs. It is this unemployment that is bothering the Republicans more than any other single factor in this election. Coal mines are in some instances closed. Wheeling is affected, too, by the closing of coal mines across the Ohio River in the Buckeye State, for the miners used to come o the city regularly to spend their earnings. . Jones, the Republican senatorial can- lidate, sometimes referred to as “Jimmy Jones,” although a retiring man and not a “mixer,” came originally from Pennsylvania, it is said, and his t F.roperty holdings have been developed rzely through his own efforts. he is not & back-slapper, he is credited with being kindly and philan- | CAPT. GEN WEYLER. CAPTGEN. WEYLER SUGCUMBS AT 92 Veteran Soldier Known in U. S. for Merciless Rule in Cuba in 1896. By the Associated Press. MADRID, October 20.—Capt. Gen. Valeriano Weyler, first in rank in the Spanish army, died today at the age of 92. Gen. Weyler, a veteran of Spain's colonial wars, succombed to illness growing out of a fall off his horse on ninety-second birthday last month. Gen. Weyler served twice as minister of war, in 1901 and 1905. His civil name was Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau, and he was Marquess of Teneriffe. Remembered for Merciless Rule. Gen. Weyler was regarded by the Spanish government as its most loyal and efficient soldier, although among Americans he is remembered as the man whose rule in Cuba was merciless, which had much to do with the bring- ing on of the Spanish-American War. Faith in him in Spal however, was such that even in his seventy-seventh year, in January, 1916, he was ap- pointed president of a central general staff created by royal decree to reor- ganize the entire army system in Spain. ‘When Gen. Weyler was sent to Cuba in February, 1896, he had had years of experience with- rebellions in nearly all of the Spanish colonial possessions. He was captain general at Catalonia, making himself the terror of the an- archists and socialists there when he was sent to Cuba to succeed Marshal Campos, whose dealings with the in- surgents were regarded at home as too conciliatory. Weyler immediately in- augurated a policy of inexorable re- pression. He was author of the famous concentration edict, requiring all the inhabitants of the insurgent provinces to concentrate within prescribed dis- tances of the military camps. This forced hundreds of thousands of per- sons out of their regular employment and massed them in such numbers that they could not be properly fed or shel- tered. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, consul eral of the United States at Havana, is authority for the estimate that probably 200,000 of the rural population of Cuba died of starvation or from resultant causes during this period of concentra- tion. Policy Raised U. S. Indignation. ‘Weyler's policy raised a storm of in-| dignation throughout the United States and led finally to a demand for his re- call. Under pressure, this was granted by Spain, and Weyler left Cuba in Octo- ber, 1897, after less than two years of his merciless rule. In Spain his repu- tation as a strong and ambitious loyal soldier seemed to have suffered no set- back, and to the time of his death he played a prominent role in army affairs. Gen. Weyler figured prominently in a inst the government of Primo de Rive in June, 1926, but was acquitted by a military court in April, 1927. As the remalining captain general of the Spanish Army, he was regarded as still in service, although having no active connection with Spain’s military forces for several years past. He continued after passing his 90th birthday anniver- sary to take a dally horseback ride. He married Teresa Santacana, a peas- ant girl. HOOVER MAKES LAST JOURNEY TO RAPIDAN President Hoover returned this morn- ing from what is expected to be his last visit of the year to his fishing camp on the Rapidan River. The air is getting cold in the moun- tains and there are no facilities for heating buildings at the camp. The President has therefore inferred he will not likely make another visit before the Spring. ~ Moreover, the water supply, due to the prolonged drought, is low. The President was accompanied on his trip by Capt. Joel T. Boone, White House physician, and Mr. and Mrs. Mark Sullivan of this city. Mrs. Hoover went to the camp several days ago and remained over the week end. The President arose before sunrise this morning and was back at_the ‘White House by 8:30 o'clock. Mrs. Hoover and Mr. and Mrs. Sullivan fol- lowed him to the Capital three hours later. thropic. His mines are operated as non- union mines, as, indeed, are most other mines in this State. But he has the reputation of giving his miners a square deal. Furthermore, he has sent many a poor boy through college and uni- versity when he appeared deserving of help. His opponent, Neely, is a “jiner.” He is a member of all kinds of organi- zations and at one time it was chai that he was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Representative Carl G. Bachmann of the Wheeling. district is expected to win re-election, despite depressed con- ditions. He is not only popular, but he has a good organization back of him in a district which is strongly Repub- lican. In _the second district, Repre- sentative Bowman is given the edge over his Democratic opponent. The third and fourth districts, however, are battlefields. The Democrats have a chance to pick up the third district, now represented by Representative John M. Wolverton. The Democratic nomi- nee there is Lyon S. Horner. In the fourth district Representative Robert L. Hogg, Republican, is facing a stiff fight against L. R. Via, the Democratic nominee. ‘The sixth district, however, is giving the Democrats cause for worry. That is the only district they hold in the present Congress. But resentative Joe L. Smith, the incumbent Democrat, is o by Fred O. Blue this year and Blue has a wide personal following. 1t would not be surprising, even some of the Democrats admit, if Blue was returned a winner, publican representation in the House from West. Virginia is five to the Demo- crat's one. election may change )] is so that the party division is three to B e e e ™ At present the Re- | ing Byrd’s Atlantic and Antarctic Pilot Tries to Keep Cere- mony Secret. Seeks Seclusion After News Leaks Out at Fokker Aircraft Plant. By the Assoctated Press. HASBROUCK HEIGHTS, N. J, Oc- tober 20.—Bernt Balchen, blonde viking 'o( the air, who accompanied Rear Ad- miral Richaid E. Byrd on his Atlantic flight and his South Polar expeditions, has married his Northland sweetheart. At a quiet ceremony on Saturday he was married to Miss Emmy Soerlie-of Oslo, Norway, to whom he had been engaged for four years and who came | to_this country after Balchen returned last year from Antarctica. The mar- riage took place at a little church in Coytesville, N. J., with Peter J. Sic- cardi, chief of Bergen County traffic police, and Mrs. Siccardi as attendants. |~ Balchen was back at work today at his job as test pilot for the Fokker Air- craft Corporation, turning airplanes in- side out in the air to find out how good they were. But when news of his mar- riage leaked out he pulled off his fiy- ing suit and fled to seclusion after merely confirming the fact that he was married. Planned to Keep Event Secret. It had been his plan to keep the wedding a secret until he had finished some work he had at hand and to have it announced after he and his bride had left on their honeymoon. But when the secret was discovered Balchen, went at once to his apartment near the field here, where he installed the pretty young Mrs. Balchen two days ago, and it was indicated that the wedding trip would begin at once in an effort to escape publicity. Balchen, who will be 31 years old next Thursday, began his flying career as a lieutenant in the Norwegian Navy. He first came into wide notice in 1925 when he flew over the Arctic wastes in search of the missing expedition headed by the late Roald Amundsen. The following year he was a member of the Amundsen North Pole Expedition in the dirigible Norge, being stationed at Spitzbergen. BALCHEN IS QUIETLY MARRIED | TO NORTHLAND SWEETHEART <« BERNT BALCHEN. ‘There he met Admiral Byrd (then commander), who was preparing for his hop to the North Pole in the plane Josephine Ford. Byrd was having con- siderable trouble getting skis on his plane that would slide properly over the snow, and Balchen, versed in the ways of the North, was of great as- sistance to him. _After the Polar flight Byrd brought Balchen back to the United States with him, added him to the crew of his transatlantic plane America, and later took him to_the Antarctic, where Balchen flew Byrd over the Seuth Pole. Another exploit of the modest young Norseman was his flight to Greenly Island when the German-Irish trans- atlantic plane Bremen cracked up there. Floyd Bennett, another Byrd protege, who accompanied him, fell ill on the way and died, but Balchen car- ried on and brought the stranded fiyers out to civilization. Has Viking Reserve. ‘Though young and handsome and famous, Baichen has all the traditional reserve of the old Vikings. Entirely unspoiled by public acclaim, he has gone about his business with a shy modesty that has won him the admira- tion of all and the closs friendship of most of the world’s great flyers. Only his closest friends knew of the romance with the girl from the north- ern homeland and to almost all his marriage came as a complete surprise. PERSHING WILL TELL OWN STORY OF WAR (Continued Prom First Page.) will begin in January, and the story will appear in The Evening Star and the papers of the North American Newspaper Alliance. The Star is the only member of the alliance in Wash- ington. When newspaper publication, which will be in daily installments, is completed, the memoirs will be issued in book form. With utter frankness Gen. Pershing discusses his relations with the chiefs of the allied armies, his uncompromis- ing refusal to allow his men to be bri- gaded with the French and British, his victorious insistence that the American Army was to be that in fact, and not a mere supplement to the French and British forces. Heavy Pressure Exerted. Gen. Pershing describes the unrelent- ing pressure brought by Foch, Clemen- ceau, Lloyd George, the British com- mander in chief, Field Marshal Halg, ~ | and by others, and his own unswerving and challening determination to main- tain the American Army as & te fighting entity, though in close, icient and friendly co-operation with the other forces. The general tells of a dramatic meet- ing of the supreme war council, when, through hours of argument, at times bitter, he insisted that there was-to be “no_parceling out of our men.” And finally, he recounts, Lord Milner of the British _delegation stage-whispered to Lloyd George: “You can't budge him an inch.” Gen. Pershing speaks frankly of a lack of co-operation with the American command in the early days of American participation. And he does not hesitate to disclose defects in the war organiza- tion of his own country, the difficulties in obtaining supplies and trained men and the deplorable state of aviation in America when the United States got into the war. And he refers unhappily to his country’s “false notion of neu- trality,” observing that these prolonged the war and cost many lives needlessly. ‘The general gives an interesting glimpse into Buckingham Palace, where he was received by King George when he was on his way to France, and he cites a blazing remark made by the King as an indication of his hatred of the Kaiser. “For a moment I was surprised at his language,” writes Gen. Pershing, “but I quickly realized that it was merely a solemn expression of profound indign: tion, quite the opposite of profanity. Gen. Pershing has written his story in soldierly fashion, which intensifies its drama. It is straight to the point, courageous, telling. And with its grim- ness there also is humor. The day, for instance, when the general went to Adenkirke to be received by the King of Belgium. The train arrived 10 min- utes early, and while the general battled his way into his boots and a fresh uni- form the King waited on the station cried an agonized aide, “the King is standing at salute!"” Band Kept on Playing. It was not until the weicoming band was on its fourth rendition of “The Star Spangled Banner” that Gen. Pershing, presumably somewhat Not and bothered, was properly appareled to appear. But the King scemed to relish the situation, and later gave Gen. Pershing something to chuckle over himself when he inquired with amused curiosity about the habits of American Congressmen, having received a war-junketing dele- gation of these. Democgatically, some of them had ad- dressed him as “Albert.” And one, even more friendly then the rest, slapped the Belgian monarch on the back and ex- claimed, “King, you're the right sort of fellow.” (Copyright, 1930.) IN THE EVENING STAR! BLIZZARD STRANDS HUNDREDS IN EAST Snow 9 Inches to.4 Feet Deep Covers Area From Buffalo to Erie. BUFFALO, N. Y., October 20 (#).— Hundreds of automobiles were in snow- drifts in Western New York today, abandoned by tourists who left home in Indian Summer. Snow from 9 inches to 4 feet deep mantled the ground all the way from Buffalo to Erie, Pa. The storm over Erie was accompanied by a gale, which drove freighters to shelter. Autoists who abandoned cars plodded their way to farmhouses in search of food and shelter. The houses soon were overcrowded. Snow plows endeavored to push their way through to them with supplies, urgent appeals having out when the few opsrating tele- phone lines brought word that pro- visions were running low. In one ordi- nary sized farmhouse 2 miles north of Farmham, Erie County, 67 snowbound autoists were accommodated last night. ‘Women_ and children slept on floors from cellar to garret. 1,300 Marooned at Silver Creek. ‘The Chamber of Commerce of Silver Creek today took steps to find accom- modations for 1,300 persons marooned at that hamlet. These pecple mostly were motorists, from many different States. Their cars were caught in drifts, which in some places rose as nigh as 10 and 12 feet. About 400 cars were stalled in and near Silver Creek. Interurban bus lines and heavy trans- portation vans were abandoned. ‘The heaviest fall was in the vicinity of Angola, where a 4-foot depth was attained on the level. The unharvested grape crop in Western New Ycrk was ruined. Orchards were wiped out. LAKE SHIPPING MENACED. ERIE, Pa., October 20 (/7).—Erie today was recovering from a near-blizzard which swept in from the lake last night, bringing snow and a high wind that caused property damage, hampered traffic, menaced shipping and spread discomfort over a wide area. Road and rail traffic was almost at a standstill for a time, highways being drifted high. Many motorists spent the night in farm houses in the vicinity of Erie. Boats generally kept close to the harbor. One freighter came into port late last night with its cargo damaged. Other boats, while none the worse for their battle with choppy water, reported making progress with difficulty. Snow, more than a foot deep in some of the rural sections, and the sharp drop in the temverature were believed to have ruined what remained of the Chautauqua-Erie grape crop. 60-YEAR RECORD IS SET. CHICAGO, October 20 (#).—With one 60-year mid-October record already his, Old Man Winter was today settling down for a several day's stay. Forecaster W _F. Day of the United States Weather Bureau said yesterday’s mean of 31 was the coldest for an Octo- ber da for six decades. “There may be a very slight and gradual easing of the cold spell today and tomorrow,” Day said, but- he gave the premature visitation of Winter at least two or three more days. Hundreds of homeless tramped the streets in the cold without hope of shelter as all available accomodations were overtaxed. Use of Same Frequency by The National Broadcasting Co. today advised the Federal Radio Commission experiments it had conducted during the past year had definitely demon- strated it was now possible to operate without distortion two or more stations on the same radio frequency through a system of synchronization. M. H. Aylesworth, president of the company, said in a letter he personally presented to the commission t “syn- chronization in the fleld of radio broad- casting is now out of the laboratory.” ‘He added there were all kinds of pos- sibilities in synchronization and the present_system would not affect exist- g radio sets and equipment. The new system, he said, would bring better programs on more channels at RADIO STATION SYNCHRONIZING ACCOMPLISHED, SAYS AYLESWORTH Declared to Be Feasible Now. present. In presen! the results of the ex~ periments W] were directed by G, W. Two or More Broadcasting Horn, general en&meer of the company, | co-operating with Dr. C. B. Jolliffe, | chief engineer of the Radio Commis- | sion, esworth said it would permit eventually an increase in the number of stations. Under the present limited facilities appro; 600 stations are permitted to J “Synchronization,” Aylesworth said, “is & ‘system’ rather than any partic apparatus. This fact, together with the conditions under which the experimental work was conducted, makes it impossible for any particular group to assume con- trol or to reap benefits of a selfish na-| ture. If synchronization will ultimately | contribute to the solution of some of been | tol STATE DOCUMENTS ON WAR RELEASED Publication ~ Withheld for Year to Avoid Effect Upon London Parley, By the Associated Press. A bulky volume of state documents, whose publication” was delayed a year to avoid any international embarass- ment while discussions preceding the London Naval Conference were in prog- ress, today shed riew light on the dip- lomatic maneuvers of 1916. The new publication, issued by the State Department, reproduces notes ex- changed between the powers and be- tween American diplomats and the de- partment during the period preceding entry of the United States into the World War. It was printed a year ago and prepared for distribution to the Ereu on August 7, 1929, but was with- eld until the London Treaty was rati- fled by its signataries. Many of the papers contained were published at the time the notes were exchanged between fthe governments. Others, particularly communications to and from this country’s foreign rep- resentatives, and memoranda on con- versations between American officials and foreign diplomats here, are new to the public. By far the larger part of the volume deals with the subject of neutral rights. Another section cov- ¢ ered pe: overtures by the central powers and their reception by the allies. ‘The publication is in the nature of a 1916 supplement to the department's previously published volumes of papers dealing with foreign relations. Memorandum Answers Criticisms. ‘The first document in the publication was the memorandum sent by Frank L. Polk, then counselor for the State De- partment, to Representative John J. Fitzgerald in response to the. latter's request for information on action taken by the department in protest to ¢ertain acts of belligerents in violation of iriter- national law. This memorandum mainly answered criticism that the department had been unneutral in its attitude toward the central powers, The documents showed the principal attention of the world powers early in 1916 to be centered about the of the smaller countries of the Jjoining in the war, particularly Albania and Rumania, and the question of con- certed unification of the allies’ efforts to :dwm the tide of defeat which threat= ened, : Closely following in interest werd the eaily efforts toward peace, the documents presenting a number “of communications between the State De= partment and American diplomatic and corisular missions abroad on this sulb= ject. One of the messages was fromt | James W. Gerard, then American Am- bassador to Germany, on May 2, 1916, in which the diplomat said he had “best reason to believe Germany will welcome mediation (of President Wilson) and any steps he may take looking to peace.” Message Followed Talk With Kaiser. This message was sent to the State Department by Gerard after a lengthy conversation with the Kaiser. A few days later word came from Madrid that King Alfcnso consid:red the time favor- able, and was ready to co-operate with President Wilson to obtain peace. Throughout ths year talk of peace revived sporadically, becoming particu- larly prominent on September ‘25 gh a request by Germany that if President Wilson would make an offer of good offices in general terms Ger- itish Ambassador informed the Secretary of Staté'that his govern- ment regarded the Getiman péace moves :;H;'Ln?hnceu" m;i as propaganda to w_the onus of coptinuing the war onto the ailies. Other overtures were made, mainly informally, in Germany and Austria- Hungary with a view to bringing about an end of the war. Talk of peace also continued im the other belligerent countries and was the subject of extensive - discussions, documents showed, among the diplo- 5‘;&0{ neutral powers throughout the Central Powers Proposed Peace. The central powers on December 12 communicated a definite peace offer to the allies, which was transmitted by the American Secretary of State to the rep- Tesentatives here of the allies on. De- cember 16 for presentation to the gov- ernments concerned. The overtures of the central powers were turned down by the allies. “In reality, the overture made by the central powers is but an attempt cal- culated to work upen the evolution of the war and of finally imposing a Ger- man peace,” the allied governments’ combined note, forwarded by the Amer- ican Ambassador in France, William G. Sharp, to the State Department, De- ccmber 30, 1916, said. The documents dealing with the ques- tion of neutral rights, most of which previously had been published, traced the development of American policy on this question, and culminated in the United States’ declaration to Germany that continued unrestricted submarine warfare would iead to this country’s entrance into the war. MISS MARY H. FRANCE FUNERAL IS PLANNED (Prominent Methodist Church Worker Will Be Buried in Mt. Olivet in Baltimore. Funeral services for Miss Mary H. France, who died Saturday at Sibley Hospital, will be held tomorrow at noon at the residence, 1665 Harvard terrace, Rev. Chesteen Smith, pastor of the ¥ Up to and including the 19th | gamyne Methodist Episcopal Church, officiating. Interment will be'at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Baltimore, Md. Miss France, a native of Washington, had long been a member of the Ham- line Methodist Episcopal Church and was a prominent worker in Methodist Church circles here. She was member- ship secretary of the Women’s Guild of Sibley Memorial Hospital. Her father, the late Rev. H. S. Framnge, was for- merly president of that institution. Miss France was also A member of the National Society of the Women's Home Missionary Society. —_—— UNIDENTIFIED MAN FOUND ASPHYXIATED Hotel Clerks Discover Body Lying Near Gas Heater—Efforts to Revive Him Feoil. An unidentified man ,was asphym~ ated today in the Reliance Hotel, 119 Pennsylvania avenue. His death was apparently due to an accident. ' The man's prostrate body was dis- covered on the floor near a gas heater by hotel clerks. Fire Rescue Squad No. 1 was summoned and worked more ular (& half hour in an unsuccessful effort to revive ! dead b Hospital. Police reported a match was in the man’s right hand as though he had bezn ntumgeun: to light the heater. Thy rned he registered last night the problems faci the country and the g‘dh commlfion, as I believe it will, this facfalone justifies the expense under the name of Garland, giving no initials, He gave his address as Alex- andria, Va. He appeared to be about G 5