Evening Star Newspaper, October 19, 1930, Page 37

Editorial Page Part 2--8 Pages U. S. REPLACI EDITORIAL SECTION he Swundiwy Star, WASHINGTON, D. C, NG BRITAIN AS STABILIZER OF WORI D Empire Appears Unable to Hold Lead in Political Affairs, Due to Weakened Position. BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER. By Radio to The Star. 18.—Continental powers are ‘watching the British Imperial Conference, now in progress in London, with more than usual interest. For more than & century Great Brit- has more or less successfuly occu- the mle of stabilizing power in affairs. It has sided with the less aggressive continental group, first, to prevent war, and, second, to keep the most aggressive side from winning a war, or has remained neu- tral, holding the possibility of British intervention continually over the head ©of the victors in order to prevent abuses of_victory. ‘The proceedings of the Imperial Con- ference, together with many other signs, have combined to. give continen- tal observers the impression that Great Britain, befl“mll‘l: o(h:tl :'ru]tl 'elbkl- Efl perhaps no longer able 11. this historic ;ole. In this role has not now, willy-n volved upon the United manb Tewmed the American Age. % 15 admitted that the American People thus far have shown lttle inter- world Dolltleu or little realization ir true place in the modern world, 1t is currently said that the Ameri- le,lnmollnewwu threat of war, would nevertheless be obliged to accept the responsibilities placed upon them by their preponderant power, lying to the American Many ns are 8| present time the term © ,” just as the last unuxh ad- Mmhlve been the Brif affairs. Helnwhllz with British influence on She continent ' weakening and with An-flflll influence insufficiently felt, it admitted that Europe is just uuc of balance. Although not yet fixed in the future on which a great deal to hings, the tend.ency of mw divide into two camps, one of the peace treaties the other opposing re: n, is un- mwmdinhtbnolu:evnlm Btates, eunmmd with Great Brif mlfll.h'l, h‘l‘:’e}:‘hy m:ém‘ ers to be the main . . The ropean of Great Britain and the United States seems to have given par- tisans of treaty revision the impression that France and the countries favoring stabllity are isolated and hence has en- talk and gestures of war and 2,vhuepurpmenwlur¢ T TR T e 4 " Dr. perhaps, chlefly German| ‘the | Which are the leading with a weaker continental grou lgllnn a stronger, whatever the ph iy & ooy volved. At the present moment lt con- siders France and its allies too strong and tends to support Germany on the one hand and Italy on the other, against France, not, however, openly. But in Asia Soviet Russia is Great Britain's declared adversary, and Great Britain tends_therefore to support the Baltic states, Poland and Rumania, who are at the same time Russia's neighbors and France's allies. It is true that Great Britain proba- bly prefers that Russia should be pre- occupled rather with Eastern Europe than with Asia, but the fact remains that the task of the British foreign office just now is tremendously compli- cated.” It is said to be mainly the bal- | ance of power idea, which leads Great | Britain to oppose profoundly and tena- | ciously the French idea of a upified | Europe. Another fundamental British fore! policy is close co-operation with United States. This is necessary, firs to protect Great Britain against t.he centrifugal tendencies of the dominions, and second, to safeguard Great Britain's rear in case of Furopean complications. More and more, therefore, do Brit- ish statesmen sppear to regret Great Britain's continental ~entanglements under the covenant of the League of Nations and the Locarno treaties. Kellogg pact, it is commonly said in London, supersedes these. In case of a European war, Great remain does and if it intervenes at all it will do so preferably only at the end to prevent abuses by the victors and to Tedress the balance. U. 8. Approaches Veto Pewer. All this is widely interpreted as be- ing almost equivalent to giving the United States a power of veto over British foreign policy and leads the Continentals once more 1o what now, with them, appears to be the main con- |ldmtlnn—n.mly. the temper and trend in international affairs of the United States. \-J%m: lnwmun:e':g‘ how the powers T supposed British policies. w,“n- mains explanation of the | seem haps ‘that Great Brl'.lln may 1 be slowly declining. France seems so convinced that in the long run Prench and British in- terests will coincide with the interests of peace and stability that, despite the [ ition to France of the present itish government, is dismayed that t Britain's star On the whole, however, British ex- Demdolmthlnkg;:nhloln[mbe and Italy, nist coun- tries—has neither the social nor the new situation, this lly come about. As for dlnrmunem. he believes that much progress has already been made and that in the near future armaments will be first stabilized and then grad- ually reduced. (Copyright. 1930.) Great Idol Found in Mexico Adds Interest to Ancient Art of People MEXICO CITY—An enormous idol, #ald to be the largest of its kind in America, and which Jocal scientists prro- Mexican tomes on archeology. But the fact that the base of te image has four large basins, apparently used for four different kinds of water, seems to give substance to the contention that find | this was the image of a water deity. coco region al late Luther Burbank. Archeologists who bnve examined the relic say t it was the of & water goddess worshiped by one of the ples who ruled Mexico ages ago. mfl sclentists contend that the stone was called “Chalchiutlique” (She of the Skirt of Emeralds). The idol is believed to be one of a series of images of water desses. It is 32‘6 feet hfl‘h l'l feet 0 inches thick. The image is situated onnhvhlnln-remp.no(m of Texcoco. The idol is cunningly carved and is adorned with virgules and spiral lina and has a symbolic relief. A'nce carved neck and on the head is a graven crown. Its vestments ben' ':lcu o! green color, and it is contended that the ancient ited it ‘who erected the e! lliant emerald. 's left hlnd holds a broad leaf which is a remarkable exam &le of carv- ing. The work is exnept and has wif sands of years. mbm-mauh:nh:vemm; National Museum of Mexico here. But u:hnunhubeen abandoned, for it was effort to remove the treasure to that owing to the iscovered location of the image and its tremen- dous weight it would be necessary to employ a veritable army of laborers to Jift it from its foundations and also to mnlwro(unnllmdwuuped- to transport the pon \Nn{ It thzn!on nwnn ummu:;n is necklace ornaments !he 0 nn"ltlg well preserved ithstood rav- 8ges of the climate for perhaps thou- An old Aztec legend has it that one of these fonts contained good water, but the other three held bad liquid. It seems to have been up to the worshipers to determine which contained the good water. Part of the ritual was for the faithful to drink of the water. Those who chose the wrong font and fell 1l as a result were considered to be of weak faith. According to Asztec lore the Water Goddess was the wife of Tlaloc, the Rain King. Prof. Khankhoje is continuing his archeological exploration of the dis- trict of Texcoco, and he. says that he expects to discover other relics of van- ished races. For the past five years the Hindu scientist has been living in ob- scurity in rural Mexico. He claims to have propagated a perennial bean that bemumnyumflwd‘ The pro- ‘ys that he marvels at the llm{- hrlly of his present surroundings to those of India and adds that his “peon” {pesssnt). neighbors are “Indians just Dr. Faustis Is Declared Not a Mythical Figure Dr. Faustus, the prototype of Goethe's Faust, is not a purely mythical figure, according to Prof. Arthur Richel of the Prankfort municipal library, who re- cently discovered an autograph of the famous doctor, Johann Faustus, thus provifig that he really lived. The old Dominican lbrary of Prankfort con- tains a Latin edition of Justin Martyr's works which | French, foreign minister, SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 19, 1930. Red “€Czar” of Russia Life of Joseph Stalin One of Secrecy and Subterfuge From the Days of His Bandit Gang? BY ALEXANDER I. NAZAROFF. OME one has nicknamed Joseph Stalin the “Sir Basil Zacharoff of Communism.” Indeed, this man, ‘who beyos doubt is the most WH’}\dxl lldnlleh mll‘; ln.. ln’ today's world and who rules | lumZnt over 150,000,000 human beings and one-sixth of the entire territory of trur plnmt. is largely “a man of y: tel e wrZa astonishing that six years ago, overthrowing Trotsky, Zinoviev and | Kamanev, he miraculously rose to the summit of power; the names of these Bolshevist leaders “belonged to history’ and since 1927 had never disappeared | from newspapers; of him, Stalin, hardly any one had heard. Nor has the world learned much about him since—I am speaking not of his ideas, which reveal themselves in his policy, but of his personality. There are European diplo- mats who have spent years in Moscow and who never have seen him. d in contrast to the pollllcllnl of our days who, as a rule, cannot be reproached with unwillingness to display their golf- » | ing or shirt-sleeved selves to the camera, | o he_studiously avoids personal publicity. The fact is not accidental. All of Stalin’s career passed in secrecy; secrecy has second nature. In stayed in Russia, constantly in hiding, constently organizin, fllecr!& Bolshevist groups, tying invicible threads, prepar- , in obscurity, the triumph of the revolution. Now, although victorious, STALIN—RUSSIA’S he officially speaking, holds no office in the Soviet government—he is just a “modest” secretary general of the Com- munist party. Lives in Strict Isolation. In his house at Gorki (a suburb of Moscow) Stalin lives in strict isolation; he has but & few friends who are in- vited there and see his family life. Every morning at 8 o'clock in a closed sedan he races with his personal body- gusrd to Moscow; an open touring car with armed members of O. G. P. U. follows hi The road (as 'elldll his “MAN OF STEEL.” privacy is jealously guarded by his sec- Tretaries; even government minicters see him only when the dictator summons them. Thul Stalin lives behind & Chinese wall; Muscovite knows lbou; him -lmut as little u a New Yorker. A ‘haracterization. of his perzonality and cn:er hardly could be written were it not for the fact that some of the Bolsheviks and old-time revolutionists, such as B. Bazhanov, formerly his favorite secretary; the ex-Soviet diplo- mat, G. Bessyedovsky; L. Martov, etc., the | party and he continues to shrink from light. It is typical that, being a virtual autocrat, Stalin,.as /it is known, is & Georgian; his real name is Djugashvill. A man of medium hehht. of 80 years of ..e with 85'Mr. Bashanov puts it ke & sturdy as Mr, Bazhanov puts it, "nle a peasant, m-nlwm but not too much s0; in a , as a peasant who is aware of his own worth.” He is strik- ingly reserved; he talks little, hardly ever expressing his opinions and scan- his interlocutor, sometimes, with “What an intelligent mnl"—cuch is one’s impression. Not & Typical Leader. As, however, one comes to know him better,” one makes unexpected dis- coverles. Stalin seetms to mueu none of the qualifications of a “leader of the He is no orator at all. His speeches are dry, monotonous, and he mn speaks with a urvnl Georgian ac- cent. Still worse, Mr. Bazhanov tells us, “he is deeply ignorant.” that he does not speak s single Eu- language, that he has no idea of literature, music, etc. “He is unable to orientate himself in complicated eco- nomic and financial questions,” he knows very little about lt all, and he even “seems not to be interested in it!” How could a man like that become Ruseia’s ruler? Our enlightened age is, however, ex- ceptionally rich in ignorant peliticians. sumce it w mention that, statesman, Clemenceau once said: “He would be the most ignorant man in the world if Mr. Lloyd George were not alive.” and economic ques- nomics_and_finance still-go- wreng: ex- - (Continued on Fourth Page.) Would Battle Depression Great German Financier Declares World Must Co-operate and Urges International Economic Authority. BY DR. HJALMAR SCHACHT, Pormer Head of the German Reichsbank. OR some time the whole world has been experiencing an eco- flnm( lonur t.hln former ones. A severe decline in theuvrlmm of n;urxy all important raw mal such as have not been witnessed for several decades, increasing unemployment, an increase in the number of failures and a complete stagnation of business ac- tivity are its outstanding features, and sooner or later even our cultural life will be affected. At present there is no sign of an improvement in this situ- ation. On the contrary, the crisis is even spreading to those countries which 80 far have managed to keep them- selves to & certain extent free from it. It originated in Germany and Eng- land, but by now it also includes the United States and recently it has even touched France. Pessimists already seem to agree that one must get ac- customed to the idea that the present paralyzation of economic progress and prosperity must be considered as pere manent and that the times of economic and cultured upward swing which we witnessed in the past de les are gone forever. Certainly such a pessimistic point of view is not justified. Nevertheless, one thing seems to me to be necessary. That is that we should not sit and wait until something happens for the better, but, on the contrary, that we should investigate the causes of this crisis and look for means to overcome it through energetic counter action. Not Ordinary Business Cycle. Everybody agrees that this crisis is not one of an ordinary business cycle, but that it had its origin in the struc- tural changes that have been made in world economics. These structural changes can only be explained through events during and after the war. The war meant a frightful setback to the development of world trade and to prosperity. It is quite true that this Aetbnck started in Europe, and that in the beginning America profited from the war to an extraordinary extent, but now the economic aftermath of the war has also spread to America. Never has there been said a more untrue word than the English slogan at the begin- ning of the war, “Business as usual.” How little truth there was in this phrase can be seen by the fact that in nn the entire turnover of world trade was no longer than it was in 1902 During the f:.z pre-war decade world trade increased by about 6 per cent each year, but in 1920 we had only arrived again at the level of 1902. The United States National Foreign Tllde Council has made an interesting utation on the turnover of world f tor 1m In this it was esti- world t.ude in 1928 was only lbout hll( of what it would have been had its eonunumu development | pea not been interrupted by the war. Small Nations Raised Barriers. ‘What are in detall the reasons for this relative dmun in world trade? Pirst of all, there are the I.mmed.l.ltn consequences of '.hn . By the F‘" treaties there m created quite a tes in Eas! mue small ith hl(n number of small n¢ I\JW All at once began to surround wl customs barriers and a M to build up industries of their o that they would not hnvl m their neighbors. Mr. e called the attention of the worl 3 his Drawn for The A further cause is the changed psychology in some of the wunmu which are no longer interested or longer willing to participate in 'orld trade to their former extent, either for the first place, this applies to Soviet Russia, which has concentrated trade entirely in the hands of the gov- ernment and has terminated prlv-te enterprise and trade entirely, thus re- ducing Russia’s share of world trade to practically nothing. Colored Soldiers Got New Idea of ‘Whites. ‘This tendency to a similar extent, but originating from different reasons, is to be found in Egypt, India and sev- eral other countries of Asia in their re- huon to Western European countries. l!nenl the attitude of non-Euro- races has become hostile to the tumm of the white race. These ten- dencies, which considerably influence world trade, date back to the attitude of European nations during the ‘World War and the peace negotiations, an attitude which should never have been taken and was never taken before in history by eivilized nations. The allied Pom brought w '-be h.menam nearly e e one really believe that these co) after their socialistic or nationalistic ru.sam In|to th HJALMAR SCHACHT. day Star by Eric Pape. respect for the superiority of the Euro- an in some parts of Africa and Asia been almost nullified through this attitude of the allles, and the citizens of the allied powers must now suffer le same extent as the Germans, but—and this is still worse—the reac- her | tion which has thus been created will also affect the trade of lll the ouur civilized nations, including America. Property Disregard Was Damaging. World trade was seriously affected thrmr:dt‘nothug action—the ‘zmpmq disregard for the enemy’s private prop- erty during the war and ?flnu peace treaties—a tendency which hu tinued up to the protocol of the Hague Conference of this year, 12 years after the termination of the war. One should not be too surprised if some le still are hesitant or even fearful about investing their money -term securities of foreign count con- last of that kind may occur ‘This Seems to me to be one of the chief rea sons why short-term money is so easy all over the world, while for long-term investment cannot be found at reasonable rates, I think tha of the mun contributions of all parts ple was their maint 25" Gne oi”i’n. fundamental “”‘"’1 't for private it to its former itries because they are -tr-ld that something | joans we ced Germany to make the ne-mz le efforts. in this.direction. mc Germany hn -bout dmlbled her 'orld trade is nmolt Lhe same in per- eenuceun'ubelmuunr evertheless, Germany so far has not been able to show on the average even the smallest export surplus in her bal- ance of trade. Of course, the export rt figures mm now, when the extremely sharp depression in trade has forced Germany to reduce imports, thereby reducing ber nach and at the same time to force her exports even at a loss. But on the average, from 1924, when the mark was 10 the present. Germany has an import surplus of 2,000,000,- 000 gold marks a year. If Germany is really to pay repara- tions then she must increase her foreign trade by at least 40 per cent, which, of course, can only be done at the ex- of Great Britain, the United States and other countries. It remains to be seen whether or not it will pay America and Great Britain or the other countries to insist on the payment of reparations, whether it will be possible to develop world trade to such an ex- tent as to give Germany a share which will enable her to pay reparations with- out doing harm to the development of the trade of America and other coun- Feeling of Distrust Created. All these tendencies to interfere arti- ficially with the natural development of world economics which have arisen as a result of the war, the peace treaties and the subsequent political rearrange- ments, were bound to create a feeling of general distrust all over the world and this is one of the main psycholog- ical reasons why everybody hesitates to enter international commitments for a long term or to risk his money in new enterprise and why everybody is satis- fled to preserve whatever he has left. The uneasiness which is created by such unnatural and forced movements of goods as the reparaiton deliveries is increased through the big interna- tional movements on the money; markets connected therewith. The pay- ment of billions of reparations, the issuan of billions of foreign loans of a political nature, the heretofore unheard of hll(e amounts of short-term credit to another, alpechlly into Central and Eastern Europe, have reached proportions which are detri- mental to a balanced functioning of the interantional money market. all civilized countries have re- turned to stabilized currencies, but nevertheless the development of foreign exchange rates is characterized by large fluctuations and such wide and frequent oscillations that gold shipments from one country to another have assumed ropomom such as we never witnessed -war times. We who remember whnt ‘meticulous care large foreign ) prepared in pre-war um-- and ltudhd for long periods hand, so as to avoid unblllncln‘ lmlm exchange rates, must gasp at the frivolity with 'hlch billions are now virtually tossed from one country to another every moment. Isolation Is Questioned as Possibility. For a country of the size and popula- flm of the umud States the question as whether or not it is po-ib e for it w isolate itself from the whole international trade movements by concentrating on a policy of 11; from one coun! as purchaser, then urt.fil: 80 intimately connected with the world mt'mn.‘ ice, movement and displacement | h FOUR STATE ELECTIONS IMPORTANT IN DRY FIGHT Ohio Contest Held Most Vital, With Those in Montana, Massachusetts and Illinois Following, BY MARK SULLIVAN. UT of this cam) election next mont! two main results. Let us speak of them as “results” rather than “issues” because the fllumm have thrown a fog around word “issues” by assertions as to what are or are not issues. National Chairman Simeon D. Fess of Ohio declares that prohibition is not an issue. Similarly, Democratic orator after orator proclaims that prosperity is an issue. In agreement with the Demoractic orators it is true that announcement in the newspapers of November 5 that the Republicans have held, or the Democrats have won, control of Con- gress, would have concrete effects in the fleld called business. And in dis- agreement with Republican Chairman Fess, the outcome of the election will have a direct effect one way or the other on prohibition. But let us scrap the word “issues” and ignore the mm of politicians. election will have two main eonsequences. The princi) and obvious one is that the Democnp:‘l will either have won or not won con- trol of at least one chamber of Con- gress. From that result, if it comes, enormous secondary col ences would ensue, having to do 'Ith the presidential elzcunn of and modifying course of mumm politics and huwry for years to come. The other main consequence is that prohibition will either have held its bearing of the election on’ prohibition, that the - ent article aé'v'ém tself. o Three Dry Law Effects Foreseen. ‘The fate of prohibition will be af- fected in three ways: (1) By the num- ber of wet Senators elected over dry referendums in some six The referendums are difficult to clarify because they vary in their terms and few of them, so far as I have them, present a clear issue between wet and dry. The number of wet members of the House elected over dry mt < T Apeaking of & | the districts in t) affects prohibition) even in it is an aggregate of State elections. Ohio Senate Contest Important. ‘The most important Senate ommst in which a clearly and lvnved.l{ runnfln; t & clearly and avowedly dry mmh in Ohio 3 Rep 3 running for re-election. Ohio is dry, and he is supported by the dry organi- zations. About Senator McCulloch’s re- flecting the dry side there can be question. Against Senator McCulloch the Demo- Republican | o ate is one between and the | °% the drys will have If Democratic Wet Bulkley wets will have won one Senator. They will have won more, because Mr. the population having Mr, Bulkley's standing. Ohio Is Pivetal. ‘The Ohlo bn'lfl is bere set up as bearing on pronibiton, far reass every ticlan will m eonum'::-u to have, as it has the Civil War, the striking a large pivotal State which five Presidents to be selected Bt:u lve{{fl u Ohlo should, on November 4, elect a wet Democratic Senator and especially 1f Ohio should do this by a considerable majority—in that case the wets will ‘have made an mnnce of which "fl liticlan everyvuen take n the wet Bul.kle‘y“. in Ohh 'll.l crats have nominated a wet. His name | progre is Robert Johns Bulkley. He is a lawyer of high standing in Cleveland. He served two terms in Congress nearly 20 yeln :Lo and made a good record. He m& a man of the type 'hom polm call “high class"—and frankly, directly and courageously Every voter in Ohio understarids Mr. Bulkley’s wetness, and every voter un- derstands that the contest for the Sen- ht. llonunl the fight takes the form of a m blican opposing_a dglym in ew.umynwetmu ican, Dwight Morrow, is opposing a wet Democrat, but in no other case is a wet Repul a (Continued on Third Page.) Speed and Efficiency in Turkey Evoke Praise of American Visitor ISTANBUL.—“Just like the States!” exclaimed an astonished American tourist as he pocketed his hundred dol- lars and looked the efficient post office official in the face with astonishment. “But I thought the East was more leisurely and slow,” he added to the guide near him. The American had landed that morn ing in Istanbul and had to see all the ts, which is quite cus- tomary, and collect a m?ol money sent to him by cable. Visions of red tape and slow officials took his appetite away at breakfast and he expected to see the inside of a Turkish post office and nothing else. When he went there, with is guide, he was rushed to a room where a goggled clerk listened to his tale, opened a big book, ran his finger down the page and announced calmly that the money had arrived and cwuld be taken immediately. The American was lsked to show his papers of identification, sign a book and was given his hundred dollars without further trouble. The delighted tourist had time to see Istanbul In - day and catch his boat that ve: The Turkish Republ tumlnl a new leaf in the history book of Turk “Down with leisure and Ilp 'lth is the new motm of the Turl tion. 1d days of S\Llum -nd empires zverythmg was done so slowly that the ox-cart was the highest stand- peed. Even a lawsuit 80 long that the judges and the eoncemsd often forget what it was all bout when the time for a decision drew alon les one of the exasper- ated parties would ‘seek out the help of #':otuuon-l hustlers. i ese were women, usually the worst gossip and the longest-1 u)nml 'omnn of the different quas auA her help was soi cover her head, knock at the door of several neighbors and shout to E:r her, chudrenw!oedln in the court house running case on hands. If the officials turned to her a deaf ear and postponed the hearing to ap- ] other day, she would- flo] he R‘:’M d“?d m‘:' o to sereaming Deas hex would s for help. Judges, clerks, police- awyers, all ran to her, fommnl the business on hand. ‘When the woman came to, after a few buckets of water had been emptied on her, she would start crying and com- plaining that her days were spent in the court house, she was a poor woman and had to work and that the case had dragged so long it would be the end of | her soon. Her helpers started to moan and pity her and beseech ld dges. ‘Then, only then, the judge would order that her case be heard immediately so as to get rid of all these yelling, screech- ing and fainting women. ‘The question seitled, the women marched out of court, pocketed the money from their delighted client and went home hop! !or another slow case to come soon. in the new courts. With the adoption of the new .code of laws, modern and speedier- methods have also been added and these women are looking elsewhere for their daily bread. ;| Occupations of Irish Families Are Studied ternational Institute of Statistics. It is said that it was the first of its kind st~ tempted in this country, involving six As 5001 m '.lu h\uuor wmlld ey