Evening Star Newspaper, August 29, 1930, Page 11

YOUNGQUIST URGES STATE DRY LAW AID Assistant Attorney General Telis Forum Audience U. S. Needs Help. i (Continued First Page) bered 175,000, compared to the 1,750 Federal agents—a much more adequate force for making the statutes effective. Youngquist stressed the determina- tion of the Justice Department to have Ofl“:{ fit men engaged in the prohibition “No merey will be shown the or unfit agent,” he said. “The job more important than the man who hap- pens to fill it.” Text of Addiess. FUll text of Mr. Youngquist's address follows It is important that the people of this country have an adequate and accurate picture of the duties and the activities ofi the departments of the United States Government charged with the enforce- ment of the national prohibition act, in order that they may better under- stand the problems encountered and the objects sought to be attained. And it may not be amiss to outline briefly in that connection® the progress of the movement to curb the liquor traffic in this country. The movement is not of recent origin. As early as 1777, before there was af nation known as the United States of America, the Continental Congress passed a resolution recommending the passage of laws to prohibit the manu- facture of distilled liquors, whisky and the like. In 1851 Maine went dry. Other States followed at intervals until in 1916, before our entry into the World ‘War, 19 States were dry. Fourteen more enacted State-wide prohibition laws in the three following years, so that before the eighteenth amendment took effect the manufacture and sale of intoxicat- ing liquors was prohibited by State- ‘wide law in Zizolflll‘lfllm. In the other 16 States large areas were dry under local option laws. Before the effective date of the mh teenth amend- THE EVENING I URGES DRY LAW CO-OPERATION G. AARON Y/ OUNGQUIST. —Harrls & Ewing Photo. with & separate bureau giving its undi- vided attention to each. Set Up Over Nation. t In the Department of Justice the en- forcement activities have been assigned to taxation and ve charge. A | been created harged |is the care with which jury memi -pproxm::g 0 people were livi territory in which the manufacture and sale of intoxicants were prohibited. Since that time other States have adopted enforcement acts. Today every State in the Union except five—New York, Maryland, Wi Montana and Nevada—have State forcement laws, and some of those ." have local option laws. Congress Alded States. Congress, 0o, in an endeavor to aid the States that had excluded intoxicat- ing liquor, passed laws prol the transportation of liquor into those States. That was the picture when the na- tional prohibition act came into opera- tion, in January, 1920. This act, earry. ing out the mandate of the Consti tion, prohibited the manufacture, trans- portation, sale, possession, importation and exportation of beverage liquor con- taining more than one-half of 1 per cent of alcohol. It also rohibltcd the use of alcohol and other liquors for in- dustrial, medicinal and other non-bev- erage purposes. At this point let me correct a mis- apprehension that seems to prevail as to the effect of the Parrar case, in which the Supreme Court of the United States recently decided that the na- tional prohibition act did not make the ordinary purchase of liquor & 4 ‘The decision went no farther than that. The act does make the possession and the transportation of intoxicating liquor a erime, and in that respect makes no distinction between those who sell and those who buy. Organization Is Cited. ‘When the law went into effect an organization was set up in the Treasury | Department, under the ‘ Internal Revenue, for the m enforcing its pemal of controlling the issuance and xuwrwdon of permits for the manufacture and use ©of non-beverage liquor. It is not necessary to review the vari- ous transmutations and reorganizations that occurred during the next sevem gu In_ 1927, however, & separate reau of Prohibition was set up in the ‘Treasury Department under the direc- tion of Dr. Doran. Equal perhaps in importance was the provision m: the Civil Service laws applicable to officers and employes of the bureau. Rather severe tests were applied by written examinations, and more espe- cially by a thorough character investi- tion. As a result a considerable num- r of the agents, investigators and other employes of the bureau were dropped from the service, some because the character investigation disclosed un- fitness, and some because they failed in the written tests. It is unfortunate that in the latter class there are good men, who failed only because of the inade- quacy of their education; but if Civil Service is to serve its purpose—and this 1s especially true in the Bureau of Pro- hibition-—the Civil Service rules must be rigidly enforced. ‘There has been constant impro.ement in the quality of the agents since 1927, due to the operation of the Civil Service laws and of the activities of the com- missioner, administrators and personnel inspectors in the bureau in the Treasury Department. The agents are in the main honest and efficient, and their courage and fidelity is proved by the fact that during the past year 10 of them have lost their )ives in the per- formance of their duties at the hands of bootle -nn cthers with whom they have to di Division ol Azllvill‘. Heretofore both the enforcement of #he criminal phase of the national pro- hibition met and the issuance and su- pervision of permits for the manufac- ture and use of non-beverage liquor has been lo?!u in the Treasury Depart- ment. Under a recent act .f Congress these activities were divided, the rw'mer being transferred to the Department of i Doran. concerning these pfl'mli ufiflfi. will not be amiss. Thére are approximately 150,000 n. mits outstanding. Most of them physicians’ and druggists’ permits. The others authorize the manufacture and use of denatured alcohol, wine and whisky for industrial, lieinal other purposes. ‘To give you an ides the magnitude and Inm ce of “permit activities, during the fiscal ended June 30 ther: was 'm under permits 105,000,000 gallons of natured aicohol, 4,500,000 gallons ethyl aleohol, 1,470,000 gallons whisky and nearly 1,000,000 galions of sacramental wine, In the t & con- siderable qum'lw of un. 1 alcohol, has e.dg!?;.fi ly dematured nom: still is—diverted by dishonest per- mittees or their customers to illicit uses and has been treated so as to make it more or less fit for human consumption and distributed to the bootleg trade. Such diversions have been greatly re- duced during the past two or three years through the efforts of the Bureau of Pruh!lnuon as it existed in the Treasury ‘While under the new ar- ent O.be mt of Justice has & measure of control over the issu- ence of permits, I am entirely confident that the Bureau of Indus Alcohol will continue its good work, and by the exercise of caution in the lnulnce of solmm and care in the supervision of he permittees further diminish the il- legal diversion of alcohol and other in- toxicants, We will give them whatever information gathered by our bureau that may indicate violations of permits, and fwe will work in close and friendly co- ‘opem\on with them, both at headquar- and in the fleld. I am convinced mm mlfiuflflflulnflflu.fl 5 B e ot o sometimes into foreign countries; inves- | tigating large-scale manufacture and| transportation, and, I regret to add,| conspiracies between bootleggers and eity and county officers to violate the | mational prohibition act. There is no sharp line of demarcation between the sctivities of these groups of agents. ‘They are all working to the same end, | and they are placed where they will do the ~eatest good. Director Woodcock has said, and I say now, that through these men the prohibition law | will be enforced fairly, honestly, ear- nestly and lawfully. You have within the past few weeks had evidences of | the good fa"'h of the director. Difficult Task of Agents. ‘These agents and investigators of ours have an exceedingly difficult task. They | have suffered from the mistakes of in-| experience in the earller years. They have been subjected to the taunts and flbfl of the unthinking. They have| encountered even physical onnmitlm\ and violence from citizens and from| alien residents who hold their personal | Po! wants and interests before the law.| Often they labor in sordid surroundings | and are beset by great temptations. In | of these obstacles. they have, with of the Ciovernment t.h-y recogn! obeying md enforcing the law, whether they like it or not, shown constant improvement in t:e effectiveness of '-“!elr ‘work l':;d"ln the way of doing it. We ve to these men w%o have ew their profession the enforcement of the law of the land our full suj in the proper performance of their duties, We propose to help them in a concrete and practical way by giving them a thorough course of i lon, both in the governing thelr conduct and in" the art of investigation, by adhering strictly to the Civil Service rules and by giving them honest, intelligent and able lead- ers. No mercy will be shown the cor- rupt or the unfit agent; the job is more important than the man who happens to fill it. It is our alm, having always in mind our own limitations and the frallties of human nature, to make of this body of Federal officers a law- enforeing agency that will command your respect, and, we hope, win your | admiration. But even with such an organization | at work we have so far only the grist| for the mills of the Pederal courts. The | Un"‘d States Attorney (there are 91 of | fllin; informations or securing indict. ments for the violations reported to him by the prohibition agents and of prose- cuting those who do not plead guilty. I shall not underfake to speak of the| number of trials or the proportion of pleas of gullty to pleas of not gullty- though it is interesting to note tha pleas of ‘umy are just as common in districts where the sentences are ade- quate as elsewhere—nor of the length of sentences, nor of the amount of fines several millions of dollars s year. are not so much interested in numbers or amounts as we are in the effect upon the trafic in and consumption of in- toxicating liquor. But I do wish to point out that the intimate contact be- tween investigation and prosecution constituted one of the principal reasons for hndtr:m to the Department of Justice the of enforcement. Hith- erto these two activities have functioned word | arisen, and ' M viuu ‘The is in constan iclt dealers, which, by the ce & very considerable reve- present system, wherever there is & deputy administrator there is also a| United States attorney. This makes an ideal set-up for & co-ordinated activity M'l-l the reau of States nmmay-. flording the mMo(wmmmeM-uu- tical and experienced. prosecutor and the latter the hen-flt of closer contact with the preliminary that eulmluhl in And it any ‘develop tween ihl two, it ought not to be diff- cult for the man who has suthority over both to straighten them out. ‘The lack in numbers of assistants in the offices of the United States attor- neys and the inadeq..cy of the salaries paid them have been relieved in some measure recently by vision for addi- tional assistants and the payment of salaries more commensurate Wwith the value of the service formed. These measures, together with a slight in- crease in the number of Pfaenl judges, will wna to make prosecutions mm': | versal, | the Federal district courts is not uni- In many districts there is little or no congestion. In some the calendar is well crowded, but no worse than are |the calendars in many of the State courts; and serious congestion exists in only & few districts, generally those that, | contain large centers of population, like New York City. There should be some .| means of relieving the judges of the distric 't courts of the many violations 3 | of lesser importance that they now must | deal with. Jury Lists Made Carefully. And speaking of courts, let me inter- polate the remark that one of the most gratifying developments in recent years lists are made in many courts, State as well as Federal, the reluctance of judges to ex- cuse jurors from service except for valid reasons, and, above all, the increasing willingness on the part of the substan- tial men and women of the community to take their share of governmental re- sponsibility by serving on the jury. But I must return to the subject. We now have our machine set up and in operation—the bureau and its admin- istrators agents and investigators; the court and its judges, and the United States attorneys and their assistants. It seems a rather formidable force— about 1,750 agents and investigators, 91 United States attorneys and their as- sistants and about 1 trial judges. But tl.> magnitude of the task makes this force pitifully inadequate. When the 1,750 agents and the 91 prosecuting officers are distributed over an area like ours, located among 123,000,000 in- habitants—one agent to every 70,000 the utter impossibility of making en- forcement effective by that means alone is at once apoarent. No one ever meant, and no one now expects, that enforce- ment should devolve upon the Federal Government alone. ‘The eighteenth amendment is unique, in that it is & co-operative enterprise. It in terms prohibits the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor, and thereupon it declares that the Congre 3 and the several States shall have cca- current power to enforce this article by aporopriate legislation. With respect to other matters of government, the power lies in the National or in the States, in one or the other, but not in both. Here power is given to both. Each may enact and enforce its own laws against traffic in liguer. I am not to advance arguments, legal or , why it 1 the duty of the States to assume a full share of the burden eof enforcement, uumnnly\ouytmuhonwne of the 47 Btates that rfl.lfled the e!xhhent.h amendment, and 80 helped to put it into the Constit tion, ought to act like good neighbors to the rest of the country and aid in its enforcement as long as it remains there. That such was their intention is clear from the fact that very soon after the ratification of the amendme: t every State in th. Union had an en- forcement act of its own. All but five still have them. States Have Machinery. And the States have the machinery ready to do the work. ‘According to the 1920 census, there were about 130,000 State peace officers—marshals, con-| stables, sheriffs and policemen. The number is probably near 175,000 now, as compared with & faru of 1,750 agents in the Bureau of Prohibition. When- ever I repeat that number I marvel that S0 few men should have accomplished 50 much. To grind the grist carried to them by these State peace officers there are more than 3,100 State and county trial judges, not including justices of the peace, of whom there are no doubt many thousands, as compared with the 170 Federal trial judges. There is but one prohibition agent to every 100 State peace officers. There is one Federal | trial judge to every 18 State and county judges, not to mention the thousands of Justices of the peace who have jurisdic- tion to try minor eriminal cases. Nearly all of the States have their own enforcement laws, some of them | THE SN s the Ftavor In mnmma S' AR, WASHINGTION, more stringent than the Federal act. Many cities and towns have ordinances and by-laws prohibiting the sale of liquor. Several of the States have pro- hibition_directors and agents of their own. All have county sherifts, deputies | P! and marshals. Every municipality has & police force of some kind, and the man on the beat knows what is going on, or he can easily find it out. Co-operation Generally Good. We get excellent co-operation in most communities. The degree of co-ope tion generally varies, but in many places vhere the local sentiment seems to be adverse to local officers, imbued with| the idea that their duty is measured by the laws as enacted by the duly consti- tuted representatives elected by a ma- jority of the meople and not by the personal views expressed by some indi- viduals unfavorable to it, continue to enforce the law. And the best co- ration that can be given is the s lective enforcement of State and local WS, ‘We will seek to continue the co-opera-~ tion of the many State and local offi- cers who are making & good job of it now, and to secure the co-operation of those who in the past have not dis- played that interest and activity that i8 indispensable to good results. In making a tour of all the duncu Col. ‘Woodcock will himsclf discuss the prob- lem with as many State officials as is possible. The prohibition administra- tors, and mmugh them the deputy ad- ministrators, have been instructed to keep in close touch with the State and local officials in their respective terri- tories. The Federal and the State and the local enforcement acts all have the same object. It is not so much a question of our enforcing the Federal or of their enforcing State laws and local ordinances; it is rather that all co-operate to accomplish the common object of all these laws and ordinances, which is the suppression of ‘the liquor traffic. And, after all, it is not a mat ter of enforcin: the prohibition Ial alone. The enforcement of those laws constitutes merely one part of the tre- mendously important task of enforcing the criminal laws generally. The asso- clations and ramifications of the law- less element are such that prosecutions and convictions under the prohibition laws tend to prevent the commission and effect the punishment of other crimes as well. By observing and en- forcing the liquor laws you will aid in the enforcement and the observance of all other Pederal and State laws en- acted to penalize misconduct and ad- vance the public welfare, ‘Wants to Aid States. ‘While the National Government must act within the limits of the powers vested in it, and the States within the limits of theirs, we all have a deep in- terest in seeing that the laws of both, each sovereign within its proper sphere, are obeyed. To that end the Bureau of Prohibition, acting always, of course, within the scope of its powers and duties, will endeavor to aid States and municipalities in their efforts to stamp out crime, to compel honesty in public office, :nd to secure the safety and wel- fare of the public. The Fed. ' and the State governments have each their own statutes and independent organi- zations fer their adminisiration, but we are all citizens of one Nation, and crime is our common enemy. But the law-enforcing agencies of Government, even when manned by earnest and competent men, are not much more than the framework in an organization of the kind required in the effective accomplishment of the work of enforcement. It has been, and will continue to be, the rule of the Bureau of Prohibition to enlist the aid of busi- ness and other legitimate interests. Many of them are performing valu- able service. The transportation facili- ties furnished by the raiiroads, so neces- sary to our existence, have been abused by the shipment of freight and other- \tl.le of illicit liquor bearing false labels. eral y. . ago conferences between of the railroads and the Gov- ernment resul in & method of in- spection and confrol which have greatly reduced the unlawful transportation of liquor, . Information gathered by em- ployes of the railroad companies and | transmitted to the administrators has | resulted not only in the seizure of great g.u:nzlitls o)’-%‘“&; but in some cases lven gigantic conspira- cles, which, followed out by the sz =cial sgents of the bureau, have brought about the prosecution and conviction of the leaders of the conspiracy. Realtors Help Dry Forces. ‘The prohibition administrators also have sought, and in most cases secured, the co-operation of the real estate ds in the larger cities. The Fed- eral law and many of the State laws provide for the closing of any bullding or other structure where intoxicating liquor 18 manufactured, sold or kept in violation of law. Naturally, property owners wish to protect their premises from the penalty of the statute, and the bureau is interested in preventing viola- tions. Accordingly, it is common prac- tice for the administrator when lLe {learns that a tenant is violating the law, and he belleves that the owner is ignorant of it and has not been negll- gent in falling to ascertaln the fact, notifies the owner in c.der that he may put a stop to the illicit traffic and evict the tenant. Of cour:s, it is the busi- ness of the owner to know what his property is being used for, but the ad- ministrators, although they are under —— e THE ARGONNE 16th and Columbia Road N.W. One Room, Reception Hall, Kitchen and Bath Electric Refrigeration 90‘sBl’) BAEFOIIE PJMOLATO ) ——~ Sarah Bernhardt N the "90s Sarah Bernhardt be- gan her farewell tours. the same time thousands of Washington Housewives were bidding farewell to many period, for in 1896 a new coffee flavor arrived to thrill the Nation’s Capital. For 35 'years the thrill of Browning & Baines’ Ori- enta Coffee has lasted— increasing yearly in popu- larity— BROWNING & BAINES Orxiexnia @otiee SOLD A‘I’ ALL GROCERS 6 About coffees of that D. €, FRIDAY, no legal obligation to do so, will, so far as is consistent with the effective en- forcement of law, co-operate with the owner who tries in good faith to see that his property is used only for lJawful purposes. ©Other industries and business in- terests have given their help, resulting in benefit to themselves as well as to ef- fectiveness in enforcement. Civic Groups Assist. Valuable aid not only in the actual wotk of enforcemenit buk also in stimu-| lating the spirit of obedience to the law has been ~iven by civic and other cr- ganizations throughout the country and by individuals in untold numbers. My experience and observation con- vinces me that the enforcement of the prehibition laws of the country is be- coming more effective. I believe that the oontinued efforts of Federal, te and local governments, augmented by the helpful activities of business inter- ests and the support of men and women —como of them honestly seeking at'‘the same time amendment or repeal—who still nlace obedience to existing law above their personal desires and specu- | lations in political science, will work a | great improvement in the entire situ tion. SLAYER OF COUPLE IN MEXICO HUNTED San Diego Deputy Denies Request- ing Arrest of Man Who Accompanied Two. By the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, August 20--Jack Tillery, San Diego. deputy sheriff, ac- companied by Mexican officers, arrived here yesterday to continue investigation of the slaying, st Ensenada, Mexico, Sunday, of Lois Kentle, Los Angeles, co-ed, and her flance, Francis Conlon, Monrovia, Calif. He denied requesting the arrest of John De Wilde, Vista, Calif., who said he accompanied the couple on an out- ing to Tia Juana, Mexico, Sunday. . St i —e *Cleanliness is mnext to Godliness” is a slogan that has been taken to heart by this, the cleanest nation in the world. Home ‘Laundry plays & parel of thousand lies benefit by this superior Does yours? service, 2 LAY one’Allantic240CN {‘["RD Cuvmr My BRAND "W"lhm ALWAYS THE SAME TASTY FLAVOR Also JorD (ALVERT AUUUS 29, 1930. FRESH FRUITS & VEGETABLES _NEW POTATOES 5 uw. 12¢ SWEET POTATOES 15 1. pecc J§E; I rLos. 19 YELLOW ONIONS. . ...... wiss BARTLETT PEARS 3 s 20¢ BLUE PLUMS 3 Lbs. zsc 4™ 15¢ 2™ 9¢ FANCY YELLOW BANANAS. .........* HOME-GROWN TOMATOES. .......3™ ICEBERG LETTUCE. . .. .."* 10c; 2 "* *** 25¢ OQur Stores Will Be 25¢ CLOSED ALL DAY Zc SEPT. 1st LABOR DAY ~and in conseque: of this fact we remind you to Include in your purchases this week d extra Butter, Bread, Egys d Picnic necessities you will ed Monday. IN OurR MEAT DEPARTMENTS FRESH -KILLED Frying CHICKENS 35¢ Sausage Meat. ...........™ 35¢ Fresh Ground Beef. . ...... ."' 23c Briggs Green Link Sausage...™ 35¢ Loffler’s Daintilinx. . . . ... .™ 19¢ Pork Pudding. .. ........{™ 20e Mild Cured 2%7¢ Loffler’s Loffler’s BLACK HAWK Stockinette Smoked Hams. . . . Sunnyfield Sliced Bacon . . %™ & 19¢ TENDER CHUCK Smoked Hams | Roast of Beef 21c¢ ®- 29¢ Skinless Franks. . ...™ 35¢ Auth’s Frankfurts. ........™ 35¢ Smoked Sausage....™ | Hormel's %) - Chicken or Hams [ Lb. §5¢ 1 Pasteurized Milk and Cream Walker-Hill Sweet Milk. Sweet M-lk Buttermi k Creamery Butter . ...... ... . Sunnyfield Print Butter...,..™ Wildmere Fresh Eggs . ... ..%* Sunnybrook Fresh Eggs...... White Leghorn Fresh Eggs. . . %™ 49¢ 37c Ldom 42¢ 49c Sunnyfield Sliced Bacon . ..15™ 19¢ National Biscuit Co. SUSANS Similar in flave: “Lorna Doon: 25¢ Package Combination 2—12c¢ Pkgs. Cookies 1—5c Pkg. Cookies ~ For 25¢ - STANDARD QUALITY TOMATOES or STRING BEANS 3 Med.cans 25€ Libby'’s Rosedale Apple Butter Med. Can.. Crisco . 10c Sunnyfield Flour Gold Medal Flour Pillsbury’s Best Flour r b o 29¢ Davis Baking I'owaor. Pareland. ;. ... . onaivomrico Nucoa-Nut Margarine .- - JClioquot Club Ginger Ale Pale Dry or Golden c.'m. of 12 Bottles, $1.49 5-Ib. ‘z"" : ggc un 39, w55, B 55 17¢ c e e e e e s e eTewTe e e . — Encore lund Selected Spanish OLIV Quart Jar 290 In All c.ary’sucm Bowihwi........."10c; 12 hhollveSoap........Z““" 15¢ Ivory Soap. . .. B it 41 . 2le B et 2 13 BLACK HAWK Mild Cured Fairy Soap........ Old Dutch Cleanser. 20 Mule Team !Sorlx ez et Cantrell and Cochrane C&C GINGER ALE 2 Botles 25¢€ Quaker Crackels. . . ......2 ™™ 25¢ Shredded Wheat. ;. .:. 1. 2 ™™ 19¢ SO’CIockCoflu.........."ZSc Encore Macaroni 234, 2 ™™ 15¢ Tidewater Herring Roe. . . . . .**" 19¢ Sparkle Gehlnc 2 Junket Powder . Omve,, Vg g HIRE'S ROOT BEER EXTRACT Bottle 22 A 2 “ir25¢ Gelfand’s Mayonnaise 8-0z. Jar lsc wonderful cpeed form Hr285¢ Salad Dressing A real Ivery Scap in a mew SMOKED HAMS Light or Dark PABST-ETT CHEESE Swiss—American—Pimento Large Pkg. 21c “Approved by the Committes of 17" PALMOLIVE BEADS o Sl . Pks. @ “Prince of Ales” Ginger Ale 2 ™ 25¢ Libby’s Potted Meats 6 %> *= 25¢ Campbell’s Tomato Soup. .3 * 23c Libby’s Sauerkraut. .. ..™% *= 10c Yl Beans roveres Spaghetti N. Y. State Apple Sauce 2 ™ ** 25¢ o, g melee gty 2 15%-ou. eans 15: SOLARINE Metal Polish Fer Polishing Gold, Silver, Nickel and Aluminum é.:h“ 170 N bt A Mosr TIMELY OFFERING! 6-Qt. Tinted Enameled Preserving Kettle ‘ Filled With the Following PROCTER & GAMBLE PRODUCTS 2 Med.Cakes Ivory Soap 2 Cakes P&G Soap 1 Cake Star Soap 1 Sm. Pkg. Ivory Flakes 1 Sm. Pkg. Chipso 1 Pkg. Star Powdor Sale Price Regular Value of Com- bination, Kettle and Soap, 89¢ 59¢