Evening Star Newspaper, July 13, 1930, Page 25

ALTITUDE GAUGING DEVICE PERFECTED Standard of Accuracy Is Bet- ter Than 63-Millionths of an Inch. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. A new surveying instrument with a standard of accuracy better than 63- millionths of an inch, thus permitting tne finest measurements ever attempte in field work, has been designed and constructed for the United States Geo- Icg.cal Survey by Capt. R. L. Atkinson, chief of the Division of Field Equip- ment. ne instrument is a precise level for uze in determining altitudes above sea level, and its use already has reduced the official altitude of Mount Whitney, California, the highest peak in the continental United States, 413 feet. The extra altitude was due to an accumu- lated error impossible to avoid with the old instruments. Changes of like mag- ‘n.i‘mde are expected for other moun- ns. Precise measurements of the altitudes in the Rocky Mountain area are essen- tial for the study of earthquakes. Loss within the next few years of a few inches, which could not be detected by | the old instruments, would indicate that Mount Whitney is “slipping.” Efrors Tend to Balance. ‘The altitude of any spot in the United Btates is calculated from leveling ob- servations taken at intervals of from to 300 feet from a base station at a level,” with due allowance for such factors as the curvature of the earth. The error of any single observa- tion is very slight, and such instru- mental inaccuracies tend to balance each other, but in any long line of observations the accumulated error may be considerable. The method of ma ing the observation is simply the sight- ing of the top and bottom as a scaled rod through a telespoce with cross-hairs, thus obtaining the elements of a tri- angle which can be calculated. But for this purpose the observing fnstrument itself must be absolutely level, and this hitherto has been accom- plished by a level attached to the side of the telescope, consisting of a bubble in an alcohol-ether mixture. This was s somewhat clumsy device, because the surveyor was obliged to set his instru- ment independently of taking his sights. Now by a mirror arrangement both op- erations are practically simultaneous without the observer's changing his posi- tion. At the very second the sight is taken the observer knows that the in- strument is level. Another element of error came from the use of wooden surveying rods, which changed in length slightly through ab- sorbing and giving off moisture. The difference in such a rod at sea level and in the exceedingly dry atmosphere of Mount Whitney might even be a few thousandths of an inch, thus throwing out badly a long series of observations. But most metals were even worse than ‘wood, because of their tendency to ex-| pand with heat. Capt. Atkinson devised an indar rod—a nickel-steel alloy with & coefficient of expansion of less than one two-millionth of an inch per de- gree centigrade—which could be scaled in hundred-thousandths of an inch by use of a dividing machine. Instrument Perfected Further. The work, which Capt. Atkinson only ean do. is carried out in a closed room kept at a témperature constant to an #2lmost unbelievable precision. Another porson entering the room will affect the temperaturs and thus the length of the metal enough to affect the ac- »cy of the machine. Even a change emotions of the operator, ac- cording to Capt. Atkinson, might cause a change. He must be careful not to los> his temper. He also must make allowance, almost instinctive, for tie tions in the length of the several g‘iln s of metal at the observed tempera- re With these possibilities of error elimi- nated, the instrument is still further perfected by a case and works made of stainless steel, whose expansion with heat has been determined to be almost | precisely that of glass, so that there is no warping due to the pull of the dif- ferent elements. Then the cross hairs are of platinum wire drawn to a fine- ness of one_ten-thousandth of an inch diameter. Hitherto the material gen- erally used has been a strand from a cocoon, but this has a tendency to sag slightly in hot, moist climates, so that an element of error is introduced. By an ingenious mounting of the lens Capt. Atkinson has been able to make such good use of light that the work- ing day of field surveyors, which hither- to has been at an end practically with the first signs of dusk, can be extended by approximately one hour. This is of especial importance because of the shortness of the season during which parties can remain in the field. Capt. Atkinson long has been the mechanical genius of the Geological Burvey, and his inventions have result- ed in greatly increasing the accuracy of the surveyor's tool chest. His work, especially with the precise level, “has been almost revolutionary and has re- sulted in setting up a new standard for surveying accuracy,” according to a re- cent statement of the Geological Survey. 250 Parties Now in Field. ‘There are now approximately 250 irties in the field, all equipped with truments ger(ecuy adjusted, many of them of such delicate mechanism that & 17-jewel watch is like a crude me- chanical top compared with them. But despite the delicacy, they must be edapted to rough field conditions. All the accuracy of the sheltered laboratory must be obtained in the open with ail sorts of weather conditions and all sorts of natural obstacles to observation. Until the use of stainless steel in these instruments was introduced by the research laboratory under his direc- tion, Capt. Atkinson explained, it was customary for surveying des to have umbrellas handy on cloudy days to avoid the errors that would result from the sun coming from behind a cloud and falling on the metal parts. Now the expansion with heat is so insignifi- cant and so perfectly adjusted to the expansion of the glass that this is not necessary. tons _of instruments More than 64 t [ ical exports, énabling the country to The Turkishegovernment hopes to break the power of fierce Kurdis! on Mount Ararat, descending each Spring to plunder villages. enemy on three sides at point indicated on map. Typical Turkish soldiers are shown above. minister of Turkey and Tewfik Rushdi Bey (right) is foreign minister. tribes, Official bulletin who for centuries have held a stronghold sald Turkish forces were encircling the Ismet Pasha (left) is prime —Associated Press Photo. GOV. DAVIS CLOSES SUCCESSFUL YEAR | Filipinos Given Important, Responsibilities Under His System. | Wake Forest Prexy By Radio to The Star and News. Copyright, MANILA, Phifippine Islands, July 12.| —Gov. Dwight F. Davis closed the first | year of his administration Wednesday amid the felicitations from Americans and Filipinos on his successful reign. But Gov. Davis did not celebrate. He was occupied with budgeting the gov- ernment’s next year's expenditures for Chicago Dafly 1929, Wednesday. His address to the Legisla- ture is expected to cite the country's urgent financial needs, without making any ‘specific recommendations. | This method is the key of Gov. Davis’ | policy, which secures harmonious ad- ministratfon through letting the Legisla- ture, the Filipino cabinet, and State Council give final shape to measures. | This makes the Filipinos primarily re- or against them, and eliminates the governor as a political target. . Gov. Davis does blilliant work behind conference doors, but outside them the Filipinos become spokesmen for the gov- ernment’s projects, which increases au- tonomy, if not efficiency. . ‘The traesurw is sound. Gov. Davis| will retire $6,000,000 in 5!, per cent gold | bonds next September, 20 years in ad- vance of maturity. This effects an an- nual -saving convertible into roads and bridges. S \ Gov. Davis gives the farmers princi- pal attertion. ‘The rural banks' lower interest and the coroperative extension of roads signify increased yields of trop- buy more from American manufacturers. Unstinted support from President Hoo- ver, Secretary of War Patrick J. Hurley, and Filipinos, with the local American community’s approval, ease the hard- iglps of Gov. Davis in his delicate posi- . His tact moderates the reactions here | against violence to Filipinos in the| Western States. He enters his second | year in office auspiciously. Estate Worth $2,600,024. NEW YORK, July 12 (#).—The estate of John Walter, turf betting commis- sioner, who is estimated to have han- dled as much as $50,000,000 annually | without giving a receipt, has been ap- praised at $2,600,024. have been sent to the field this year. .1 Reasons Why You Should Use Cutieura Soap 1. It is pure and you should use the best for daily toilet use. 2. It helps to make and keep the skin elear and healthy. 8. It contains medicinal proper ties #0 is excellent for skin troubles. & It kopa baby’s skin healthy, A JEWEL IN THE BIDDY Biddy is the handy new electric servant that extracts a// the juice from oranges and lemons in a sec- ond:; Also beats .:Efil s ¢ whips cream s ¢ mixes )y malted milks : s aad performs all similar tasks faster and better than by hand: Stainless finish: Made to last for years: A Robbins & Myers Product: Special, $14.95 CENTRAL ARMATURE WORKS 625 D 8. N.W. National 3680 (] the Legislature, which will open next [% DR. THURMAN D. KITCHEN Has been elected president of Wake Forest College, Wake Forest,'N. C., to succeed Dr. Francis P. Gaines, who re- signed to become president of Wash- sponsible, arouses popular opinion for | ington and Iee University.—A. P. Photo. | CUBAN POLICEMAN SHOT BY ALLEGED CRACKSMEN One of Four Attackers Said to Be American—Three Are Arrest- ed Later. By the Associated Press. HAVANA, July 12.—A mounted po- liceman was critically wounded in a partly successful attempt to arrest three alleged members of an international | sa%blowing syndicate. ‘The officer, Sabino Ramirez, saw four men in 8 car. His suspicions aroused, he started to search the machine. I occupants: started to shoot when Ram- 'x;enz] discovered a kit of cracksmen's s Three of the men were captured, the fourth, said by police to be an Amer. ican, escaped. The capture was made from identification of the car by the MANIAC PERISHES IN FIRE |AFTER KILLING RELATIVES | Affiicted Man Locks Self in House and Holds Off Soldiers With Hand Grenades. By the Associated Press, ‘WARSAW, July 12.—Joseph Gronow- skl of Antoniewicze, Dzisna district, suffering from a_ form of persecution mania, yesterday killed his mother and brother and locked himself in his house with a large stock of hand grenades, Soldiers and the local fire brigade | attempted to capture him, but Gronow- | ski defended himself so well with his | hand grenades that several soldiers | were wounded. | Finally one of the grenades set fire | to a neighboring house. The flames | spread to Gronowski's house and adja- | cent houses and the maniac perished. | Eight houses were destroyed. ! Special for gold fil Penn. Ave—~Eighth and D Stree Another ‘“Pearltex” Pad —A hl%h-bridge engraved white ed frame—that regularly HONOR LEGION ROLL Staff of 60 Handles Records of 140,000 Frenchmen Cited for Star, By the Associated Press. PARIS, July 12.—France watches with care over its roll of 140,000 French who have deserved so well of their country as to have been named members of the Legion of Honor. A staff, of 60 looks after the records of the members, both living and dead. Dur’1g the Commune, in 1871, many of the early records were destroyed by fire, but the archives of the legion still proudly boast 20,000 of the earlier years; many dating from 1802 the year the Legion of Honor was founded by Napoleon I. ‘There are five ranks in the of Honor: Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer and Knight. Of the Grand Cross there are only 60, with 45 Grand Officers, 2,863 Commanders, 18814 Officers And 116,183 Knights. The proportion of military to civilian members of the Legion of Honor is 40 per cent, ‘The President of the republic is grand master of the order and a grand chan- cellor named by him and 10 members meet every 15 or 20 days to consider candidates for decoration. Nominations are made by the govern- ment ministers, who, before they pass on the application for consideration, have taken every precaution to see that the postulant is worthy of wearing the ll’.llve-poinud star of the Legion of onor. VIRGINIA AND DISTRICT C. M. T.C. CANDIDATES WIN 2,000 See Company Walk Away ‘With All Honors in Fort Eustis Battalion Parade. Spectal Dispatch to The Star. FORT EUSTIS, Va., July i2—Com- y K. composed of C. M. T. C. can- didates from Virginia and the District of Columbia, walked away with all the honors at the battalion parade at Fort Eustis yesterday before an audience of nearly 2,000 of the Regular Army and visitors from the surrounding towns. Three Virginia boys and one from the District of Columbia were the non- commiseioned officers in charge when the victory pennant was placed on the company guidon by Lieut. Col. Myers, commander of the C. M. T. C. The first sergeant was of Bedford, Va., and the geants were M. L. Green, ton, Va.: M. J. Littlefield. 1526 E street southeast, Washington, and J. A. Hawley, Cul- peper, Va. This We‘ek! | The Hague suddenly for Norw THE SUNDAY STAR WASHING.TON D. C, JULY 18, 1930—PART TWO. SHIP CAPTAINS SWAP FIVE CHINESE STOWAWAYS FOR ONE AMERICAN |z {15 CAREFULLY KEPT|winner o s -Atlantic Trade Depends on Question of 5-to-1 Ratio of Hungriness of Two Nationalities. 4 By the Associated Pross. NEW YORK, July 12.—1s one hungry American the equal of five hungry Chinese? On that depends whether Capt. George Fried of the United States liner ‘America or Capt. A. B. Randall of the George Washington came out ahead in a little swap they effected in Mid- atlantic. Shortly after leaving Hamburg for New York, Capt. Randall discovered he was harboring five extremely hungry Chinese stowaways, while about the same time Capt. Pried learned he had an equally hungry stowaway in the person of Amil G. Olsen, 23, of Dubols, Pa., who had hidden aboard the ship in PRINCESS JULIANA REPORTED BETROTHED Only Daughther of Dutch Queen May Be Wedded to Son of Swedish Crown Prince. l.' the Associated Press. AMSTERDAM, July 12.—Reports were circulated here yesterday that Princess | only daughter of Queen Wil- | helmena, is to be betrothed to Prince 8igvard, 23-year-old son of the Swedish | Crown Prince and Grandson of the Duke of Connaught. Queen Wilhelmena is spending a holi- day in Norway with the princess. An e:'i;:grdln-ry cabinet council has been c: it will consider the betrothal. Foreign Minister Van Blockland also is visiting in Scandinavia, and Count Van Lynden Van Sandenburg, vice president of the privy council, has left for today at the Queen's tele- | graphic request, and it is believed that New York with the hope of getting to Havre. As the two ships passed in Mid- atlantic, the captains, via wireless, got talking things over, as captains do, and each learned of the other's unbooked passengers. Capt. Randall suggested a swap, and, computing the price of rice and beef, Capt. Fried took him up on it. The transfer was made, but the winner in the deal has not been announced. rows” have a habit next month ... or know it. it next winter from nary paint. 710 12th St. N. W. the Landscape is. like this! 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