Evening Star Newspaper, July 13, 1930, Page 21

ITALIAN KING SHOWS KEEN MEMORY AND Meeting Forty Yea GOOD HUMOR rs Ago Recalled in Brief Interview With American, Who Finds Emmanuel Hospitable. BY POULTNEY BIGELOW. OME.—The royal protocal pre- scribed a high silk hat, but of the Hudson. It was a deli- cate point in etiquette that might have embarrassed even a White “A real King does not notice, and a sham one does not count.” And so I wore no hat all—at least, I left it in mised, His Majesty Victor Emmanuel III noticed nothing—only me. The audience had been ordered for and, of course, I was punctual—and so was the King. I was waved on from one splendid flunkey to another, up splendid rooms where two very cour- teous military aides bade me welcome and held me in harmless conversation ‘Then the door was thrown open and 1 was ushered alone into the royal presence. me, offered me his hand, then asked me to be seated in an armchair by his side, and thus, with only our two selves space of 35 minutes. ‘The officers of the antechamber had counted the minutes and congratulated an exceptional mark of royal interest. As for me, the time hagd passed so swiftly that I was amazed when told Are these incidents worth mention- ing? Yes, because those of us who have talked with great captains of industry admitted to the presence of a President at the White House know that any such audience on our side of the water would calls, furtively opening doors or swiftly stepping secretaries pushing pieces of paper in into the hands of the pluto- Lucky he who is even offered a seat; the usual way is to receive a caller standing and gently wring his hand marked egress, King Shows Excellent Memory. ‘What did we talk about? The talk the King shall make it public. He has a prodigious memory, this grandson of the great Victor Emmanuel II, who had shaken hands he spoke of our meeting at Metz nearly 40 years ago, when he was Prince of Naples and both man Emperor. Victor Emmanuel III has the ideal conversational manner—the golden Ia Theolore Roosevelt, and the official taciturnity of Calvin Coolidge. He has the frank manner of one whose words His eyes dance with humor, he loves a good time, his chuckle is genuine. Of course, I commented on the great Italy—the excellent roads, the absence of beggars, the cleanliness, the persist- ent progress in all directions. He ap- ing on so delicate a political matter, he doubtless gives Mussolini full credit for his share in the regeneration of Tt 'is the fashion to call Mussolini the Bismarck of Italy—an unfortunate comparison, for that mightly chancellor less than 30 years of age. The great- ness of Mussolini is like that of Wash- ington, to be measured by the smallness his beginnings his results. Mussolini’s Rule Peaceful. Mussolini created his forces by the Bismarck was called for the purpose of ruling by the aid of a Prussian King who wished to abrogate the constitu- eight years and in profound peace. ’.Blsnnn:k made three great wars ‘within the first eight years of his power, the territory of him whom he attacked —first the King of Denmark (1864); then Franz Joseph of Austria (1866) Mussolini dresses like other citizens; Bismarck never appeared in public ‘without an offensive parade of military sentatives he wore the theatrical cos- tume of a cuirassier, and his eloguence was not the persuasion of a Cicero, but ther the tone of a commander de- manding contributions of a conquered province. Mussolini is one of a trinity, in which the two others are very important; I refer to the Pope and the King, Bis- marck also was one in a trinity that included William I and the great Moltke. But his venerable King was largely a silent or sleeping partaer, and Moltke never meddled in politics. It is not easy to measure the political power of Mussolini unless at the same time we understand thoroughly the feel- ing of the Italian masses in favor of their Pope and also their King. These are imponderable forces and sometimes misunderstood by us who worship every new President from the hour of his in- auguration, and eject him, after one or two terms, into scandalous desuetude. Victor Emmanuel IIT is & popular fig- ure—dignified, affable and keenly alive to matters affecting the welfare of his country. Moreover, he is the living labarum, or standard, about which is grouped all that stands for United Italy. In our last presidential election Mr. Hoover won by an overwhelming popu- lar majority because he represented in America the liberal and tolerant max- ims which the people of Italy honor in their monarch. Carnegie’s Gifts Discussed. ‘We spoke of the Vatican library and the vast sums which the Carnegie Fund for Peace Endowment was giving to the Pope in order that he should at last make a catalogue of his books and | manuscripts. The King had met the | Pittsburgh iron master, but laughed very much on learning that Carnegie Wwas an aggressively noisy atheist. Of course he expressed no opinions. Kings learn much, for they meet many | people of many different countries and varying professions. A royal flash of | silence betrays an opinion at rare in- | tervals. We gather a friend's feeling in |regard to a third person by what he fails to say when a name is mentioned— but would it be fair to repeat our own conjectures? To His Majesty of Italy I expressed regret that these Carnegie millions were being given to one whose dogma de- | nounced every free and public library, |and I regretted still more tMat this American money had not been given to the government of Italy, to be by them | disbursed under suitable guaranties. Of course, the American historian wishes a catalogue of the Vatican Li- | brary, but what he wishes even more fervently is a guaranty that all scholars of every country and every creed shall have reasonable access to these treas- ures. The papal court cannot give such a guaranty. In America the word Roman Cath- olic means other than in such Catholic states as Italy or France. The pious European may consider himself an ex- cellent member of the Apostolic Church. yet oppose its infallible head on several points. This is a bit paradoxial, but I have lately seen many things to illus- trate a seeming anomaly. Come with me into any governmental bureau in Rome where the officials are all Catholic—you will see pictures of the King and also of Mussolini, but so far I have not noticed one of the Pope. Victor Ideal King. This interview with Victor Emmanuel III may disappoint you, but less so after a careful second reading. The great monarchs of history are not the bril- liant makers of speeches—or even those who attempt radical reforms. Queen Victoria fills an enviable space in mod- ern times because she was honest and motherly and moderate. Her grand- son, Willilam II, was vastly more bril- liant than either of his grandparents, but he did not procure capable subordi- nates and moreover carried frankness to_the verge of recklessness. Victor Emmanuel III is an ideal King, both in his carriage and his mode of speech; he measures his words and yet avoids the manner of one cultivating reticence. Those who would regard him as a minor factor in Roman unity and progress are likely to repent their haste. Italy is just now passing through a period of momentous regeneration, if not revolution, and her success, up to the present, is due to the moderation, tact and energy of her extraordinary trinity—Mussolini, the great minister: Pius XI, as head of the church, and | Victor Emmanuel, standard bearer of mine had been left on the banks House official, but I argued to myself: the antechamber. And, as I had sur- 10:30 in the morning at the Quirinal many splendid steps and through many until the clock should strike my hour. His Majesty walked forward to meet in this vast room, we talked for the me warmly upon what they regarded as of the many minutes I had absorbed. in their Wall Street sanctums or been be perpetually chopped up by telephone cratic or democratically autocratic host. while pushing him toward the door was wholly private and, therefore, only founded United Italy. The moment we of us were guests of William II, Ger- mean between pedagogical garrulity, a have never been commercially exploited. changes one could not help noticing in peared pleased, and while he said noth- Ital ‘was dismissed from office by & sovereign of and the vastness of ascendancy of his personal character. f.lnh:. “Mussolini has ruled Italy for and each of his wars was fought on and, finally, Napolean III in 1870. equipment. Even in the Hall of Repre- unity and progress. Swiss Prosper Despite Blow To Watch Trade by U. S. Tariff GENEVA.—Although Swiss watch manufacturers have complained that the American tariff on their product threatened the ruin of their historic industry, no voice is raised to declare Switzerland as a whole in any danger from wolves at its door. On the con- trary, recent surveys show this country as among the most progressively pros- perous. Of course, such statements must be relative. Remember that Switzerland covers only about 41,295 square kilo-| meters; that its population totals only| 3,980,000. Last year proved the best in the Swiss 1abor market in a decade. No other of those 10 years showed so little unem- ployment, so great a demand for work- ers, and this despite the issuance of 63,000 permits to alien seasonal labor- ers. About 400 new factories were con- stru , together with 5,000 other buildings, including apartment houses containing 13,000 lodgings, an increase ©f 7.5 per cent over 1928. Savings bank deposits and telephone subscriptions are always considered fac- tors in judging a country’s material state. Switzerland today registers 10 per cent more telephone subscribers than last year, 100 per cent more than 10 years ago, and 14 per cent of the head stations, serving 29 per cent of the instruments, have been made auto- matic. The rise of savings bank de- posits has been continuous since 1926. The total is now three times more than the figure then recorded. A semi-official statement says: “The amount of deposits in these banks is estimated at 4,300,000,000 francs (Swiss), and that of the bank bonds at nearly 600,000,000,000.” . ‘While, for the second time since the francs—derived largely from stamp taxes and tariff revenues—the wiss | contracts banks | suicide and succeeded in th great fund grew to 241,000,000. “The bal- ance sheet of eight such banks,” says the authority already cited, “has risen from about 7,100,000,000 to 8,200~ 000,000 Swiss francs. This increase is the greatest ever registered in the his- tory of the commercial banks of this country, due chiefly to the increase of their own funds and of funds confided to them by outsiders.” Switzerland assents to some of the provisions proposed by the League of Nation’s tariff conference for a contin- uation of existing commercial treaties; assents mildly to that confarence’s ideas about tariff reductions. She may event- ually accept a few of the economic re- forms said to be inherent in Aristide Briand’s plan for a Eurcpean union.| But on the whole she is pretty well content with things as they are, o Honolulu Iron Works Expands Its Business Honolulu Iron Works, which start- ed as a little forge shop here more than half a century ago, and now builds machinery for countries all around the Pacific, is going even far-1 ther afield. It has purchased the con- trolling interest in the Macfarlane Foundry and Machine shop at Sagua La Grande, Cuba, and expects to build up a considerable business in Central and South America. Honolulu Iron Works specializes in sugar mill machinery, and over a space of two or three decades its staff members have added, by invention, many val- uable devices " to the sugar world. It builds and sells sugar mills in successful competition _ with other builders in Japan, Formosa, the Philippines, as well as Hawali, and in recent years has landed several large in Cuba. The latest move flvea it a base from which to operate bidding for jobs in Cen and South America. Pockets Saint’s Funds To Lead Riotous Life Therese Neumann, the saint of Kon- regl donat . Lately lots of letters seemed to go astray and the post office investigated. They found that a young assistant, who liked a gay time and l'rent much money on his_numerous friends, had simply pocketed the lel After sticking a $5 note in his friend’s stocking during carnival he was arrest- ed. In prison he made two nmu at e | tion, coal mining legislation, income THE . BY GEORGE W. GRAY. HE thrill of discovery touched a little group of archeologists in the Guatemala jungle a few weeks ago. They were digging into an overgrown mound on the site of Uaxactun, oldest known city of the Western Hemisphere, when they un- covered a stone pavement. Cutting through the entanglement of trees, vines, roots and rubble, fighting the tropic insects and daring the tropic sun, they laboriously pushed a trench along this mysterious pavement into the pile, to find—a massive stone wall. Sinking a pick into Capt. Kidd's chest of gold could bring no equal excitement. Indeed, to these diggers it would mean far less than the smallest carved mono- lith. For they are on the track of hu- man history beside which Capt. Kidd and all his strutting crew are the merest moderns. The treasure they seek is not buried gold, but buried knowledge— monuments, records, remains, the story of the lost civilization that flourished in this dense jungle when Europe was still the hunting ground of barbarous tribes. ‘That ancient pavement with its walls is the latest find in the old empire of the Mayas. No one knows precisely UGCUTAN ENINSULAY when this aboriginal empire began. Some estimate that it was flourishing a millennium before Christ, but the evi- dence is_hid in undeciphered hiero- | glyphs. Because of the uncertainty, all | authorities today are on the qui vive at each new discovery, hoping that it may supply the key to this riddle of the first Americans. What lies in the centuries old rubbish heap beyond the new found wall is| likely to remain an unanswered question | for several months at least. For last month the explorers had to withdraw and leave their new find to the mercies of the torrential rains and the glutton- | ous vegetation. By January this rainy | season will be at an end. Then the | diggers will come back for six months | of uninterrupted work, to follow that wall to wheresoever it may lead. Represent Carnegie Institution. These discoverers are archeologists from the Carnegie Institution of Wash- | ington. While they were uncovering this wall in the old empire city another | group from the same institution was un- | BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended July 12: * X Kk F GREAT BRITAIN.—On July 6 King George and Queen Mary celebrated their thirty-seventh wedding anniversary. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is dead at 71. Few creations of modern days have given more entertainment than the Sherlock Holmes stories. ‘The MacDonald government has its hands full, very full, over a number of issues—unemployment, naval construc- | tax legislation, etc. It is less vexed by the opposition proper than by the left wing of the Labor party itself. One hears that the important education bill is to be dropped. On July 9 the MacDonald government escaped defeat by a margin of only three votes in a division on a Liberal amendment to the finance bill. It was saved because 8 number of Liberals re- fused to follow Lloyd George. In a parliamentary bye election in Glasgow the other day the Labor can- didate beat the Conservative candidate by only 396 votes, as against the late John Wheatley’s (Labor) majority of 6,724 in the previous election in that division. In a parliamentary bye election in North Norfolk on July 10 the Labor candidate won by 179 votes against the Conservative candidate, whereas in the previous election the Labor candidate obtained a plurality of 1,883. The Wimbledon tournament this year was, so to speak, mostly an American affair, its most striking feature being the recovery, after nine years, by Wil- liam T. Tilden of the singles champion- ship. The process involved the elimina- tion of the great Frenchmen, Cochet and Borotra. The former seems a deal off his game this year, while the younger Americans are coming on fast. 1t was Allison who put Cochet out and who faced Tiiden in fhe finals. The victory must have been inexpressibly sweet to Tilden; the history of athletics shows few such comebacks. Of course, Mrs. Moody once more won the wom- en’s singles. On July 8 King George officially opened the superb new India House off the Strand in London, designed by Sir Herbert Baker, architect of many of the buildings of new Delhi. Indian princes and princesses in gorgeous array gave color to the ceremonies. The King repeated that plea for a “wider sym- pathy” between the British and Indian peoples to which he gave voice in India on his visit to that country a quarter of a century ago. Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire, near Sherwood Forest, once the home of Lord Byron, has been bought by Sir Julien Cahn and is to be presented by him to the British nation as a national memorial. The abbey was established in 1170 and in 1538, upon the breaking up of the monasteries, was bestowed by Henry VIII upon “Sir John Byron with the great beard.” Europe this Summer will do well to his plans. Belgium is celebrating ‘33 years lum lependence by of a number of exhibitions. Thirty Golonial and ns his | “the fin shops, cafes, etc., “with their occupants’ drmudn .?'lmmd “.wmeume. exh russels and Mons ha: icture - bitions—that at s s id to be | ‘raised herself in the economic sphere have Belglum feature importantly in |yorg E;hlhlh in the Antwerp | London Upper: Ancient Temple and Columned Walls of “Civic Center” at Uxamal ear the Pan-American Airline Between Vera Cruz and Marida, Lower the P; Centuries pal Area of the Old Empire A.D. the Region of.the Old Yucatan. Map Showing the Maya Country. The Shaded Portion Represents Region. During the Fifth to Seventh Empire Was Abandoned. For Reasons | Unknown the People Migrated to Yucatan, Founding There the New Empire. By the Time of the Coming of the Spaniards Maya Culture Was on the Decline. covering a buried structure 200 miles farther north, in Yucatan, in the new empire city of Chichien Itza. Digging there to repair a ruined tower known as the Caracol, the archeologists found be- neath the foundation of the Caracol the masonry of an older building. They had hardly shoveled the earth and stones away from the upper cornice of the substructure when the rainy season set in. So it, like the wall at Uaxactun, must await the Winter for further ex- amination. It is now nearly 90 years since the Maya ruins were rediscovered and brought to the attention of the civilized world by John L. Stephens, United crafts,” including an electrical pavilion | in which the uses of electricity for power and light in city and country are displayed. In sundry other cities and towns there are smaller but interesting ex- hibits and there are to be sumptuous pageants. Twelve years ago Belgium was “down and out.” She has fought through extraordinary difficulties of re- construction, including three financial crises—in 1919, 1920 and 1926. She has come back “with a wanion.” In an address at the Antwerp exhibition the other day King Albert referred with Chinese understatement to the *deter- mined and intelligent labor of the Belgian people.” He scarcely overstated in declaring that little Belgium has to a place with the great powers.” * X ok X FRANCE.—TIt is reported that Franco- German negotiations, looking to settle- ment of the Saar question, have been indefinitely suspended. Rumor has it that French feeling on account of the reprisals on_ separatists in the Rhine- land, that which immediately succeeded the French evacuation, is a main cause of the suspension. Note this comment g;btae reprisals by the Journal des ats: “It is easy to imagine the uncertainty in which this leaves the people of the Saar and even the fears they have for their future security. This alone should be enough for us to refuse to abandon the Saar and to wait until the Saar &eofl;fi':pemulvu decide by plebiscite ‘The German government gave formal pledges to the allies that there would be no such reprisals. The Temps of Paris advances the plausible theory that the reprisals were the work, not of the people of the Rhineland, but of “pan- German agitators_ from reactionary centers outside the Rhineland.” It does not believe that the German govern- ment approves them, but expresses sur- prise and regret that the efficient Ger- man police failed to act efficiently. On July 8 the Tardieu government escaped destruction by a hair only, and again two days later, its Chamber ma- Jority being only three. ‘The old issue of clericalism reasserts itself strongly, almost violently. On July 11 Parliament was adjourned by presidential decree unto November. The closing hours were tumultuous. The French government announces the intention to postpone work on_its 1930 naval buil program to De- cember in order to facilitate a settle- ment with Italy. Paris is to have a new air field, a commercial one, nearer Paris than Le Bourget, and including a stretch of the Seine, usable by both land planes and hydroplanes. Le Bourget will continue in use, but as a strictly military field. * ok kX INDIA.—The All India Moselm Con- ference opened at Simla on July 4. Ap- parently it resolved unfavorably to the report of the Simon Commission. The Legislative Assembly, the central India, opened at Simla on session . Ad- however, that the leclared, Round-Table Conference would States consul to Yucatan. In the 40s of the last century this inspired anti- quarian explored Chichlen Itza and other half-buried cities of the penin- sula. Perhaps never since Stepehns published his discoveries in his fascin: ing “Incidents of Travel in Yucatan” has there been such intelligent interest in the Maya mystery as exists today. And surely never before have the re- sources for attacking the problem been 5o well mobilized and so systematically organized. Specialists in half a dozen sciences are now at work sifting the all!uyl material and exploring for new ata. A conference of these workers was Unrest boils up flercely again among the tribesmen of the border. * * X ok CHINA.—TI told last week of & re- ported clean-up by Nationalists forces of the bandits south of the Yangtze. The Nationalists success seems to have been exaggerated. A report of July 4 tells how bandits recaptured Yochow (on the Yangtze southwest of Wu- chang) and looted and burned most of the town, and later reports indicate that banditry rages as fiercely as ever. * K ok ok GREENLAND.—On July 6 the Quest, Sir Ernest Shackleton’s old flagship, left London bound for the Faroe Is- lands, Iceland and Greenland, having on board the 13 members of the British | Arctic air route expedition, who will explore the Greenland ice cap with a view to establishing an Arctic air route from Great Britain to Canada. The explorers are all youngsters—not one over 23 years old. The Quest is only 170 tons. She carries a Norwegian crew of 10, two De Haviland moth air- planes, two motor boats, a dozen sleds, wireless equipment, 9,000 pounds of pemmican for dogs and 3,000 of better quality for men, planks for a Winter house, etc. Forty-nine dogs will be picked up at the Faroe Islands. * ok ok X UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.— | On July 4 the President issued a procla- | mation directing the Senate to con- vene in special session on July 7 for consideration of the London naval treaty, and the Senate met as directed. The first official races of the four yachts, Yankee, Weetamoe, Whirlwind and Enterprise, which are candidates for the honor of defending the Amer- ica’s Cup against the Shamrock V, took place off Newport on July 7. The Weetamoe raced the Whirlwind and beat her handily, the Yankee, the Boston boat, with Secretary of the Navy Charles F. Adams at the helm (in the last cup series he skippered the Resolute), raced the Enterprise and beat her by about two minutes. The course was 15 miles to windward and back. Light airs. The next day (same course) the Whirlwind easily beat the Yankee, and the Weetamoe just made it against the Enterprise. Pufly airs. On the Sth (same course), in light wavering airs, the Enterprise gave the Whirlwind & bad beating, and the Weetamoe moderately outsailed the Yankee. The Enterprise was easily the best of the four on the wind. The next day, over a triangular course of 30 miles (the first trial in reaching), with a 12-mile breeze, the Enterprise beat the Yankee by 34 seconds, and the ‘Weetamoe beat the Whirlwind by 35 seconds. On the 11th (same course) the Yankee beat the Whirlwind by 1 minute and 35 seconds. The Weetamoe and Enterprise were pitted against each other. The Enterprise was leading in a 17-mile breeze when the Weetamoe's mainsail ripped and she was out of it. Harold S. Vanderbilt, the Enterprise’s skipper, de- clined victory ‘on such terms and with- drew his boat. * ok ok NOTES.—The Spanish government announced - that elections to a new Cortes will take place on December 1. Another little Portuguese hrlm. aimed to overthrow the “dictators] of Presi- dent Oscar Carmona” and headed by a Monarchist, was nipped in the bud. The dlcuwnhlg,"nnw four s old, claims to have bestowed material blessing on‘!»l‘ormnl, a balanced-budget, ernment loans oversul ess, etc., but the other day it gave a hint of restoration of “constitutional | be The plotters took up the of Lithuania, ‘Voldemaras on ibed, better | called SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY 13, 1930—PART TWO. Solving Maya Puzzle Carnegie Institute Archeologists Get New Thrills in Their Interesting Explorations held in January in Chichien Itza. There the Carnegie Institution has its field headquarters in a big hacienda—a com- fortable ranch house whose electric lights, electric refrigerator and other modernities seem an anachonism in this ancient place, almost within the shadow of the pyramid to Kukulcanand only a few hundred yards from the sacred well of the rain god which gives the city its name. Here in the Maya homeland— |undef the electric fans—the scientists met and mapped out a comprehensive program. Purpose of Survey Outlined. The idea is to analyze the complex Maya problem into its parts and assign these specialized lines of inquiry to the men who are particularly qualified to pursue them, explained Dr. A. V. Kid- der, director of archeological research for the Carnegie Institution, who pre- sided at the conference. I saw Dr. Kid- der at his home in Andover, Mass, where he returned recently after a Win- ter in Yucatan. For 15 years the Carnegie Institution has been exploring, digging up and re- pairing Mayan buildings; making coples of the drawings, paintings and hiero- glyphs which adorn these structures; trying to unravel the records carved in the glyphs. It has spent a quarter of a million dollars in these studies. Simultaneously, other institutions and individuals have engaged in similar or related work, and altogether a consid- | erable mass of data has been accumu- lated. One present need is to study these finds exhaustively and see if some consistent picture of Mayan life and | thought cannot be pieced together in place of the scrambled jigsaw puzzle that we now have. “Greatest of all the problems,” said | Dr. Kidder, “is the interpretation of the hieroglyphs. If we could read these, doubtless most of our questions about the Mayas would be answered.” ‘We have many questions. Where did this people originate—so skilled, so original, so far in advance of all known contemporaries? How were they able | to build so magnificently in the ever- encroaching jungle? Whence came their mastery of mathematics and their pro- ficlency in astronomy? What was their | system of government, their society, their theology and religion? One of the most tantalizing of the (Continued on Fourth Page.) The Story the Week Has Told than his predecessor, no less a dictator. The charge is or is not justified; our authentic information of Lithuanian developments is meager. More trouble in Egypt. Nahas Pasha, lately premier, was trying to hold a little party. Troops and police were trying to prevent it. The populace sided with the former premier, and clashed with the troops and police. Re- sult, 3 of the latter killed and 34 wounded. Three of the populace killed and 12 wounded. A good many historical sites along | the Nile (Dendur, with its temple, for example) are being submerged by the rising of the waters of the Nile caused by heightening the Assuam Dam. The | Egyptian authorities are bustling them- selves to save relics ere that work is completed. Costa Rica is seriously considering return to the League of Nations. Economic conditions figured impor- tantly in the recent revolution in Bolivia, though precisely how we shall not undertake to explain. Tin is the chief Bolivian export, indeed export of tin constitutes 60 per cent of total exports in value. Between January, 1929, and Midjune, 1930, the export selling price of tin fell 50 per cent. | Any government would be unpopular under such circumstances. Two Giant Sea Liners Are Planned by Italy Plans for the construction of Italy's two new ocean greyhounds, the Dux and the Rex, which Italians hope may be able to wrest superiority from the Bremen and Europa, are practically completed and within a few months gomb boats will be well under construc- on. Incidentally, there will be internal as well as international rivalry in the construction of the two ships, the Lloyd Sabaudo Steamship Co. and the Navi- gazione Generalé Italiana each plan- ning to build one. ‘The fact that the shipyards of Trieste and Genoa, which are old rivals, will each have the privi- lege of building one of the new giants also adds something tq the interest be- ing taken in the race. Dr. Forster, formerly of Blohm & Voss of Hamburg, who designed the Vaterland (now the Leviathan) and the Majestic, has been engaged by Lloyd Sabaudo to design its new ship, while Navigazione is understood to have obtained plans of the Bremen and to have engaged Dr. Bauer, who designed its boilers, turbines and machinery, to do_the same for its new ship. Both ships will have a speed of ap- proximately 32 knots and will weigh about 40,000 tons, being capable of making the Italy-New York run in six days or less. The Ansaldo Shipbuild- ing Yard in Genoa will have charge of making the Navigazione Generale ship, while the Lloyd Sabaudo has signed a contract with the San Marco Yards at Trieste. Cooking Class Finds ‘Through the cooking class of a Hono- lulu high school the discovery has been made that excellent gelatin, substitute can be made from a Japanese seaweed “tel ,” which is found in large qu-nmmnfinma Asiatic Coast and can easily imported into Hawaii, This class was experimenting with “kanten,” which is made from sea- weed, and found that it hardened much ve it an value. A sea- sv.ud llmfln“.l;n tengusa is the its are now limu can be used sdy Substitute for Gelatin | ITARIFF MADE 3 CHIEF ISSUE BY LIBERALS IN CANADA Dominiqn Must Meet Schedules of United States With Retaliation, Candidates Are Declaring—Election in Two Weeks. BY LAWRENCE F. JONES. TTAWA. — With a Dominion election only a little more than two weeks away and with orators declaiming the policies of their parties from every nook and corner, Canadians are be- | ginning to wonder what the election is all about. For in the rising chorus of speech-making emanating from every party it is difficult even for an ex- perienced election follower to pin the campaign down to one definite issue or any number of specific issues. Liberals, in power up to the time of the dissolution of Parliament on May 23, and Conservatives, the official op- position, each proclaim different issues. But there is one issue which the aver- age voter is inclined to think will have a definite bearing on the election, be- cause it touches his national pride. That issue is the tariff. Of course, tariff has always been an important feature of Canadian campaigns, but this year it promises to become even more so. Liberals Stress Tariff Issue. Liberals assert that the main issue is empire trade—that Canada must deal less with the United States and more with Great Britain and other members of the British commonwealth. They declare the time has come for Canada to become more self-reliant, to fight back and to meet American tariff at- tacks with retaliation. They put their declarations into concrete form toward the close of the last session of the House of Commons when Charles Dun- ning, who was a provincial premier, brought in his famous budget, which provided for counter-measures against American tariff increases, then only proposed. “Canada for Canadians” is the battle- cry of Conservatives, who maintain that the big issue is whether Canada shall, stimulate industry and safeguard agri- culture from foreign inroads that she independent of outsiders, save for those Dl’fiducl& which are not native to the soil. prairie provinces, which in previous sessions of Parliament has nearly al- ways voted with the ruling Liberal gov- ernment, seeks only one thing—pros- perity for the farmers. How to get that prosperity is the difficulty. If the farmers' representatives sup- port the Conservative policy, then they support high tariff, which they have always denounced as detrimental to their interests. If they support the Liberal policy, then they support in- creased tariff and countervailing duties, akin to Conservative protection, and are asked to help increase inter and intra empire trade, which, so far, is too ephemeral for farmers who need ready cash to meet mortgage payments and monthly bills. Farmers in Dilemma. Farmers shake their heads dubiously when they hear the Liberals' proposi- tion. It appeals to their patriotism, but it does not appeal directly to their that the Hawley-Smoot tariff bill, signed by President Hoover, has imposed such rastrictive taxes on Canadian farm ex- ports that Canadian farmers, dairymen, poultry raisers and vegetable growers will find their former markets irreme- dially shut off and their export trade gone. ‘The Liberal remedy for this is empire trade. They argue that the counter- vailing duties provided by the Dunning budget, which meet American tariff in- creases cent for cent and dollar for dollar automatically, will prevent the flooding of the Canadian market with produce from the United States. Thus, although* the Canadian exporter will have lost a market, he will be free from the danger of “dumping” by a shrewd competitor. But the farmers demand to know what they will do with their surplus products, if American buyers aré denied them. creased imperial trade is the answer. The Dunning budget, they assert, was widen Canada’s market, to provide more facilities for trade with British coun- tries by erecting a high tariff wall against foreign invasion and by extend- ing preferential rates to members of the commonwealth. It is vague and indefi- | nite, they admit, but the farmers must |be patriotic and sacrifice pecuniary | gains, which will b> only momentary, | for the sake of vastly increased profits | oped. Mackenzie King's View. In a speech early in the campaign W. L. Mackenzie King, prime minister and leader of the Liberal party, said the essential point was that Canada must enlarge her imports from Great Britain in order to enlarge her exports to Great Britain. Tariff schedules, Mr. King continued, were revised with the definite aim of diverting a considerable portion of trade from the United States to Great Britain and the empire units, such as Australia, New Zealand and the West Indies. “We, on our part,” he stated, through the countervailing duties on a selected list of commodities, announce our inten- tion of trading with those who are equally prepared to trade with us.” In respect to the United States, Mr. King said, the government is resolved, in the interests of the Canadian people, that trade relations between Canada and the United States must not be one-sided.. “Is this policy in the interests of Canada and the British Empire?” he asked at Peterboro, where he made the definite announcement of the Liberal view of the election issue. “If so, let it. 1'1‘hlt is ttle.” se'x‘he Conservative point of view on what constitutes the issue or issues and on the importance of tariff and empire trade is somewhat different. Of course, R. R. Bennett, leader of the Conservative party, had been placed in the question before you to through a high protective tariff, so| shall become a self-supporting nation, | ‘The strong Independent bloc from the | pocketbooks. The Liberals point out | To this the Liberals reply that in- | devised with no other object than to| when British markets are fully devel- | us support it. If it is not, let us reject | v, & difficult position by the Dunning budget. The Conservative party has always clung to the so-called national policy, which was primarily high tariff. Con- servatism meant protection. When Mr, Dunning introduced his budget, Con- servatives were surprised to see in it many Conservative doctrines. The tariff wall had been strengthened and duties increased, just as Conservatives said they would have done had they been in power. If the Conservatives attacked the Dunning budget on the ground that the tariff was too high, then they attacked the foundation stone of their own party protection. If they ignored the budget, which they could hardly do and calf themselves the opposition, then the. Liberals obtained all the advantage and the Conservatives had to seek another issue than tariff. This they have been trying to do, but without providing any substitute issue except that of “Canada for the Ca- nadians.” Mr. Bennett made an important an- nouncement of the Conservative atti- tude toward the Liberal slap at Ameri- can tariff Increases. He said: “We are not concerned about legisiation against any other country, but for one country, and that country is Canada. We of our party will see to it that no country makes the Canadian tariff except Can- ada.” Accordingly, Copservative speakers are saying little about tariff, although the public believes it is vitally impor- tant. The day that the Dunning bud- get was introduced in the House of Commons tea dropped from 20 to 10 cents a pound. It was strong ammuni- tion for the Liberals and they made the most of it. Even in Conservative newspapers demands are heard that the party should have something in its plat- form to indicate livelier opposition to the United States tariff wall. ‘While Mr. King appealed to the peo- ple on the record of his government for the last four years, Mr. Bennett did not hesitate to attack it, particularly on emigration to the United States. Many times Conservative members of Parlia- ment have accused the Liberal admin- istration of formulating laws and poli- cies which forced men to emigrate to the United States in order to obtain a living. It has cropped up again in the present campaign. “The charge I prefer against the King government is that they failed to recognize and realize that the first duty of the Canadian government is to pro= vide employment for Canadians in Can- ada,” sald Mr. Bennett at a rally in Montreal. As employment has been made more or less of an issue by the Conservatives, Mr. Bennett outlined the party's policy and promised: “If we are returned to power on the night of July 28, we pro- pose, at the first session of Parliament, to amend the fiscal laws so as to give Canadians an equal opportunity in the development of their country under fair competition with their competitors else- where in the world.” Briefly outlined, the Conservative pol- icy, as stated by Mr. Bennett, is: “To safeguard Canadian agriculture, Cana- dian industry, Canadian labor, Cana- dian health and to safeguard the Cana- dian consumer against exploitation. “Are we to give a renewed mandate to a government to increase the money to be sent abroad to buy products which we require for our own support and sustenance, or shall we, by developing Canadian industry and agriculture, offer the opportunity to Canadian farmers and Canadian workmen in Canada to find that development which is neces- sarg for the development of the coun- | try?” Line-up in Provinces. Provincial elections generally do mot have an important bearing on the vote in the general elections, although they often indicate the trend of public opin- ion. Provincial governments today line up as follows: Frince Edward Island, Liberal; Nova Scotia, Conservative; New Brunswick, Congervative; Quebec, Liberal; Ontario, Conservative; Manitoba, Progressive; | Saskatchewan, Co-operative (union of | Liberal and Conservative to save the | province from administrative disorder); | Alberta, United Farmers; British Co- | lumbia, Conservative. From this it would seem that the | Conservatives had a clean sweep across the Dominion, yet in the Federal House Liberals triumphed with a clear lead of 32 seats over the Conservatives. Two provincial elections this year had little effect on the political field. Al- berta returned its Farmer government without any ado, apparently satisfied with the agrarian administration. New Brunswick also sent back to office Pre- mier Baxter's Conservative government, although its majority was somewhat re- duced. Quebec is talking election, al- though there is no real need for it, as Liberal Premier Taschereau has a big majority in the legislative assembly. A nonpartisan forecast has been com- piled by the Toronto Financial Post. This forecast is compiled from other forecasts made for the Post by the man- agers of about 4,000 branch banks throughout Canada. “It was felt,” said the Post, “that bank managers are free from political attachments; that they are in a particularly good position to measure the trend of political senti- ment, and that they should be able to make as good a forecast as possible of the probable result in their districts on July 28." A preliminary of several hundred fore- casts already received, with the former standings of the parties, is given as follows: Former Fore- stand- cast by Liberal nited Farm Progressive Labor Independent Doubtful Total .. ‘Whatever the result, it is apparent that the tariff will continue to be the major issue until election day. et Italians to Resume 'ROME.—Excavations on the Island of Rhodes, at Ialysus, the Doric city which, with Lindus and Camirius, fitted out an expedition to join forces with the Greeks at the siege of Troy, have ylelded gratifying results to archeol- oglsts. ‘The acropolis of the ancient city is 10 miles from the City of Rhodes, and it was here that in 1868 a Lorene artist, A. Salzmann, and a British vice consul, named Biliot*l, began excavations. At that time the island was Turkish, and rmission to excavate a tract was eas- ily obtained. Tombs filled with vases of rare workmanship, bronzes, jewelry and finely cut gems were found, dating approximately 1000 B.C. The entire collection of priceless objects was sent to the British Museum. It was in this same district that Italy, after she took over some of the A islands, following the Italo-Turkish War in North Africa, resumed excavations. Prof. Maluri was in charge, and at three different periods he excavated and made equally important discoveries. The ma- terial found formed the base of the valuable collection now in the Rhodes i Museum. When Prof. Maluri was re- called to Italy to assume the dictator- ship of Jacopl the Naples Prof. Guilio was sent h“l‘!‘.m to continue Excavations For Treasure.on Rhodes Island the excavations. In his first excavation on the same site he discovered 80 tombs filled with rare ceramic vases, dating to the same period of Mysean art. Excavations durlxfl the last few years were started in a different part of the anclent city, and art objects of a later but equally interesting period were found. These date from the eighth to fifth cenq.lry Before Christ. Abundant material was found, includ- ing vases and glassware of the latter civilization. when the city was a flour- ishing port with trade communications with Spain, Italy, Sicily and the East. Imported wares were found in these During the last 10 years 263 tombs were discovered, many of which had been left untouched.s They contained marvelous votive offerings of pottery, bronze and jewel ‘The excavations will be resumed this year, and there is still & vast area to be excavated. Fear Foreign Actress’ Counting. Prom the Detroit News. A continental actress, only three weeks in Hollywood, can already count to 100 in English. There is quite a rush to sign her to a contract before she gets