Evening Star Newspaper, May 11, 1930, Page 38

4 POLAND WAR PHOENIX REMAINS FRIEND OF U. S. Nation Which Has Been Reborn Is Making Swift Strides Forward. (Continued From First Page.) ™ woiauni, tn4 certainly no otner 1s s | well liked, as the flsherman of the | Rapidan. His nomination and campaign | for the Presidency were followed with | the greatest interest. This man Smith | interested them, too—he seemed to be a | man of the people, a candidate of the | Left. And his opposition to prohibition | seemed only incontrovertible common | sense—for prohibition is one American ideal that the Poles cannot understand. As well try to make an American see sense in Polish spelling. So great was their interest in the American elections in 1928 that a straw vote was conducted | in Warszawa. Hoover won by a tre- | mendous majority. Yes, Hoover is a household name in Poland. If the Poles were reminded of his birthday they probably would have the school children parade or hold a | gala day at the opera with a special | presentation of Puccini's “Girl of the | Golden West" in honor of the American President! Wilson is remembered for his fourteen points, pecially for the one guaranteeing “self-determination for small nations,” but Hoover is the man who brought the food, and he is likely to remain a hero in Polish lore, Fails to Attract Tourists, Now on my first visit to the land and city of my nativity after nine years in a nation so friendly and so interested in the United States it seems a pity to enccunter so little knowledge of Poland. It is not that Poland hes rot given us | heroes. Kosciusko and Pulaski still | adorn Fourth of July oratory, and in| recent years there were few Europeans in whom we have taken greater interest than Joseph Conrad and Mme. Curle. But the land of their birth is hurriedly passed through by American corre- spondents on thelr way to view for | themselves and report on the ominous picture of the land to Poland’s east. “Your little country in Eastern Eu- rope” is the way a man who should have known better spoke of Poland to me the other d: Certainly here is a case | ‘where Macaulay's famous phrase, *‘every schoolbo; uld know,” holds true. It s evident that the new map of Europe studied in such detail in New York's grammar schools is not familiar to the adults, not even to thé intelligentsia. Children in the sixth grade could tell them that Poland is almost as large as France and that only five European | countries have larger populations. My friends In America are surprised at my Polish patriotism. They seem to expect from me the same casual comparisons with the American stand- ard that are voiced by visitors back from Europe. But I became a Polish citizen, and one could no more live thorugh that ancient nation’s rebirth in liberty since the war without being | fired by it than one could have re- mained cold here in 1917—or in 1776, for that matter. Miracles Wrought in Poland. To appreciate the miracle that the Poles have wrought, one must remem- ber that, like Belgium in the West, it was Poland’s fate to be the theater of war in the East. remember that Also the Poles had lost their freedom about | .- when we gained ours, and since had lived within three empires with very different governments and very differ- ent laws. But the war in Poland covered more territory and lasted longer than in Bel- jum. Twice the German and Austrian orces. drove the Russians back across the whole breadth of Poland. And then in 1920, long after the other na- tions were at peace, a more terrible * Russian army invaded the country and was driven back only after it had reached the gates of Warszawa. It was in November, not long after that victory, that I arrived in Warszawa (on my honeymoon). I had been mar- ried to Count Thadee Skarzynski a month before in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, and was by virtue of that marriage entering the most unbending sristocracy of Europe. The day before we had crossed the border, and Thadee had got off the train to kiss the soil of his country. I was beginning to learn more about patriotism. ‘Then for & whole day we had ridden over the devastated and deserted plain of Galician Poland. In all that ride to ‘Warszawa I saw only one factory chim- ney—and this country to the south is the industrial part of Poland. We P! through burned villages, one after the other. The very trees, all bare, seemed to have experienced worse than November frosts, and some of them evidently had been blasted by shell ‘There seemed to be no evi- dence of cultivation of the land. Contrasted With England. It was only two years later, however, that Austin Harrison, a member of one of the many official committees sent ta Poland, wrote in the English Quarterly Review: “Traveling from end to end of Poland, I did not see a patch of uncultivated soil, in sad contrast to England.” That was how quickly Po- land recovered, but it did not seem possible then. And as for factory chim- neys, a_glance at the latest report of | the Polish minister of manufactures will xul!'ut how much smoke must be coming from them today. We arrived at Warszawa at night, elighting in & wooden shed temporarily replacing the Vienna station, one of the st terminals of Central Europe, which had been blown up by the Rus. gians. The city was absolutely dark. No coal could be spared to make gas or electricity. Wave after wave of silent people seemed to be passing in the streets. They had crowded into the city to get the American food. The Bristol Hotel, which was to be my home for some time, seemed to be a blaze of light after a 10-minute ride through that dark, silent city, a city of 3,000,000 people. Today Warszawa is one of the bright- “est and gayest capitals of the world. It| is known as the “Paris of the North.” | not because its architecture is predomi- nantly French but because of the cheer- | fulness of its people—a trait which is| £0 evident in their many fetes and in | their dancing. Why, the Polish na-| tional anthem itself is an invitation to | dance! It is a lilting mazurka indige- | nous to the ball room rather than the | parade grounds. Known As “Polite People.” ‘They are a polite people. Never have | I been treated with such courtesy and | deference. I was the reciplent of friendly interest rather than an object | of curiosity. And they are a diffidently | modest people. They condoled with me | on my misfortune in leaving my mar- | velous, wealthy country to share their poverty. This politeness is an attribute | of the peasant as well as the aristocrat. Wherever you go they offer to kiss your knee, even in response to the smallest of tips. And this politeness is not a gesture of interested servility. One sees the street cleaner take the hand of the passing market woman and kiss it, hold- ing his idle push broom the while. Although Poland has been too poor to erect new monumental public buildings | genius, our | tlon’s illustrious | grimages are among his hal Broad boulevards now skirt the wind- ing Vistula, which divides the city in two. The grea; stone spans of the Poniatowski Bridge, blown up by the Russians. have been reconstructed. Not far from the center of the city & mirror-like lake in the Lazienki Park reflects the classic white pillars and re- fined details of a perfect Louls Seize palace of the Polish Kings. Its perfec- tion creates an illusion of another da: one half expects the sportive ladies mortalized by Fragonard to emer And I once saw them, for I attended the costume ball held there in 1928, when everything from the sedan chairs to the liveries of the servants was true to the period. That is, except for the anach- |'nn!;m of the latest American dance music, Theater a_Popular Diversion, The Poles are very fond of the theater and during the season Warszawa's play houses will be showing simultaneously ten or more legitimate dramas and two or three musical comedies. George Ber- nard Shaw's #ew play, “The Applecart,” had its world premier in Warszawa last season. No understanding of the language is necessary to appreciate the talent of the Folish actors. Mme. Modjeska’s which stirred the emotions of our grandparents, lives on in many oung actress The Belvedere, now the home of Mar- al Pilsudski, is strikingly similar to White House, and the Seim, the Parliament Building, is also in the classic architecture of the late cighteenth century. Bul probably most interesting to American tourists—for narrow streets and unspolled medievalism never fail to fascinate them—would be the Stare Miasto (Old City). There ‘John B. Stetson, jr, the present United States Minister to Poland, lives alongside of the royal palace in a stone house built before Columbus set sail. And there is Fukier's, a medieval wine house, as delightful to the antiquarian as to the connoisseur., It has n handed down in direct line from father to son since 1550. Its weathered tim- bers, gabled roof and courtyard invite the etcher. One opens a massive, nail- studded oak door and proceeds through a long, winding passageway into vaulted rcoms with flagstone flooring, furnished with refectory tables and benches which have served since the days of the Holy Roman Empite, American Guests Honored. If the proprietor realizes that he has an American guest, he himself, as well as his house, is at your service. He will | show you the family treasures. The “Courvoisier Grand Fine Napoleon, 1811,” which caps the wine list of the best French restaurants, is vin ordinaire to a Fukier. He will take you down- stairs and show you little heaps of dust where lie bottles of tokay put down in_1600. He used to send two of these bottles to the three Emperors and to the King of England on the anniversaries of their coronation. Perhaps the King of Eng- land still gets his. Neither John D. Rockefeller nor Henry Ford with all their wealth could buy this ancient vin- tage, he will tell you: and he seems to under the impression that one or the other of those eminent prohibitionists may stop in any day and with fabulous sums tempt him to sell the wine of the Caesars. If one is looking for natural beauty off the beaten track in Europe he will find much of interest in Poland. The Tatra Mountain$ in the south, a range of the Carpathians, are almost as high as the Alps and contain many lakes which reflect green firs and snowy white peaks. One of these beautiful lakes is called “The Eye of the Sea.” Eastern Poland has its forests of vir- gin pine, where the last herd of Euro- pean buffaloes roams. The wild boar is hunted there in the same fashion as in former centuries. And no more than the European visitor to America misses Niagara Falls does the tourist in Poland miss the salt mines near Krakow. One mine there is said to be the largest in the world, em- ploying nearly 2,000 men and producing 150,000 tons of salt a year. But it is not the size of its operations that makes it a show place. The sculpturing of the Polish peasants has done that, Notable Work of Sculptors. ‘The mine contains the chapel of St. Cunegonde, a cavérn carved from pure rock salt, which can accommodate sev- eral thousand persons. The altar, the pulpit, the statues and even the candel- abra are carved from snowy white, sparkling salt. The miners and their families attend midnight mass there on cnlmv.m;‘sh B n another chamber there is a las ball room with a perfect floor of lt.r'; have thoroughly enjoyed myself at a ball there. The mine brilliantly by electricity and when com- mittees of foreigners arrive the miners' band, in a hidden alcove, plays the na. tional music of the visitors. Krakow is the ancient capital of Poland, the heart of the nation. It fe one of Europe's perfectly preserved medleval cities, such as Nuremberg, Bruges or Seville. Here lie the na- dead and whether pil- the visiting America; !blu al:')nn! n must the tomb of Koseiusko. it e Posen—now Poznan—was the pro- vincial capital of German Poland, and lies on the direct route between Wars- zawa and Berlin. Here the great castle bullt by the former Kaiser so that his Polish subjects could consider him a neighbor, is being used by the Univer- sity of Poland. German Decorations Defaced. Like the people of Warszawa, those of Poznan have been busy erasing all trace of their imperial masters. The Polish shields decorating the city hall, which had been replaced by Germen eagles, have been restored. And, in retalitation, the mayor of Poznan had an artist paint portraits 6f Polish national heroes over the pictures of the German em- perors that had hung within the build- ing. For Americans who long to get off the beaten track without encountering hard- ships I recommend Poland. No tourists’ agencies are featuring Polish hostelries —yet rooms with bath are available. The most difficult language of Europe | should hold no terrors for the servants and railway officials seem to gras) American French quicker than Prench- men do and they are learning English as fast as possible. But the greatest charm to the American probably will be the feeling that he is in a friendly land where his country and, therefore himself are appreciated. Japanese Scrap Boat Prize of Russo War Among the 11 warships scrapped re- cently by the Japanese navy was the special service boat Matsuye, which had been for years surrounded by tra- ditional glory as it was one of the prize in its capital, Warszawa has completely | trophies of the Russo-Japanese ‘War, changed since the was. On one of the 0248 nlasms of the city, shortly before the war, the Czar bullt a beautiful Or- Church whese Byzantine towers soared high above all its surroundings. But it held no beauty for the Poles. It t. It gave their city an . 8o, stone after stone, down came the church. All over the city, from public buildings — e forms were stripped. had added by the Russians. Now the traces of its 180 vears of NMus- Built in Scotland in 1897, for Russia, the vessel, of 2,550 tons, was used by. the Chinese Eastérn Rallway, der Russian management. February then called the Bun- 9, 1904, the gari, was sunk by its own crew in the THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MAY 11, 1930—PART TWO Yo:\t’ve Got To Give Them Time ‘WOMAN whose son is in his second year at col- lege writes that her boy is well mannered and intelligent, but does not seem to have any objective. “His father and I urge him to decide what he wants to do in life,” she says, “but he tells us that he cannot make up his mind.” For the encouragement of this mother I can cite two in- teresting cases. A certain man now stands near the top of his profession, with an income considerably in excess of a hundred thousand dollars a year. He worked hard in college, but his health was poor; he was frequently de- spondent, and at his graduation he felt that he was not trained for anything. He took the first job offered, and made surprisingly good progress. Just about the time that his parents thought he was well estéblished, he sud- denly chucked the job and started around the world. After a_year’s travel, which used up all his savings, he started in another position. The company failed, and he was out again. A third time he started in a dif- ferent line, but it did not inter- est him. He could not get to first base. On his fourth attéfnpt, when he was almost 30 years old, he finally found work that gripped him. Also, he became engaged to be married. He jumped into high speed and has been suc- cessful ever since. 3 know another man whose ability was clearly recognized by the heads of the big com- __By pany where he worked, but somehow they could not seem to fit him into the place where he would be really productive. Four or five times they shifted him into different departments. They were just about to turn him into the street when he struck the one thing for which he was really fitted. Today he is vice president of the whole concern. The significant thing about these two stories is the attitude of the older people involved. Not by a single word or look did the parents of the first young man, or the employers of the second, express impatience. They stood behind their boy long after he ought to have been standing alone. Their faith and their patience pulled him through. tl i t! t) i ) (Copyright, 1990.) has been perfectly manufac- ly inspected and tuned up. At must be patient with it. For often and have it adjusted. bile. have the notion that the fac- all ready race at high speed. must have a chance to get ad- time. Bruce:Barton When I buy an automobile he salesman tells me that it ured for its work, and careful- he same time, he says that T he first 2,000 miles I must run t slowly, and I must bring it in We expect this in an automo- But in a youngster we —which is the school or llege—ought to turn him out or a championship to! CO| 1t takes a lot of wisdom and atience to be the father of & oy who is starting in life. Boys usted. You've got to give them Talkies May Aid Commerce (Continued From Third Page.) intimate reasons why telephone wires should not go wrong. The manufacturing companies have been extremely well advised in bringing such pictures to the screen. A large number of firms are producing and dis- tributing industrial films today, and | their output comprises a grand total of nearly 100,000,000 feet a year. In the past the only drawback has been that we may have had some trouble in fol- lowing the captions closely enough to un- derstand everything that was going on. But now the makers of such films can summon both dialogue and other sound to their assistance. The roar and hum of the factory and the simultaneous word-of-mouth explanation will make the entire message more vivid and more simple. In a manner never before nos- sible we shall bé able to penetrate into the great laboratories and testing rooms and wilderness of machinery that cre- ate the things we use. Thus we can comprehend the procésses and the rea- sons for them—the quality of the ma- terials—the advantages of each device. So, when we stand in front of some iceless refrigerator or vacuum cleaner in a department store, or some automobile on a dealer's floor, we should enjoy the advantage of a better background of knowledge than we have ever had in the past. We can exercise more discretion. ‘There will be less and less excuse for unintelligent and random buying, of the port of Chemulpo when two ships which 1t had been escorting were sunk brn- Japanese squadron under Rear Admiral Urgy, & graduate of Annapolls, Sungari was refloated in A same Comm tinuously until this year, when i* was sian rule .hl\'e bfi"ré’ 'v"\:‘ r‘;wd and mv‘l again a Wesf Ity. obliged o give way to new standards of effic| e | education of the nfg force. sort that now creates one of the mer- chant’s most troublesome and perplex- ing problems—the problem of “returned ‘The likelihood of satisfaction res: g from the purchase should be appreciably enhanced. Moreover, we may often benefit from talking pictures that suggest additional, ingenious uses to which any given article may be put. Business Should Benefit, Such pervasive, penétrating search- lights, cast upon the inner workings of | American industry, shotld have an ad- | mirable effect. And, as some manufac- turers assist their patrons with such pictures, others will be compelled, in self-defense, to follow suit. From such widespread, expliclt publicity with re- spect to factory operations, the business of the Nation as a whole should benefit. Surely, it is extremely fitting that the talking pictures—a characteristic uct of the machine age—should devote themselves in part to the portrayal of machifies, All this has & very direct bearing on that major industrial prob- lem which we know as “obsolescence.” No factory can derive the full benefits and profits that spring from mechanical efficiency unless it keeps its machinery absolutely up to date. If & manufacturer fails to do this, if he neglects the warning signals that his equipment is becoming antiquated, if some sudden changé in industry, some abrupt shift in trade, catches him un- awares, obsolescence of machinery may prové a malady indeed. It may fell the unfortunate victim with the devasting power of & paralytic stroke. It is vitally essential for every industrial producer to keep fully abreast of developments in méchanical reséarch—on pain of falling by the wayside. - It seems evident that the new type industrial film with sound and oral comment, should be incalculably help- ful in enabling him to do that, espe- clally if his fleld is that of machinery, in which the display and examination of samples often are difficult. It should provide the most practical form of in- struction and inspiration. When he sees what his most progressive rivals are ac- complishing, what insight and ingenuity and foresight they are displaying, he should be moved to emulation. Will Find Other Uses. Talking pictures will inevitably find y other uses in industry and . _I think of the case of one b paint firm which is using flims almost exclusively to teach its salesmen more about the product that they sell and | how it can. best be sold. And one must consider the practicability of vital personal messages from executive heads of a company—the president, sales manager or advertising manager, for example—to the organization in the field, through the medium of talk- ing pictures. With the aid of portable projection equipment, such a picture may be routed over the country or ex- hibited at many points simultaneously. ‘The dynamic, driving energy that resides in the brain of a great business man cannot be successfully transmitted by mere black marks on paper. The compelling power of his thought can- not be effectively reproduced or tian mitted by subalterns. But througl talking pictures made in his own office conveniently and at ease, his message ml{ be conveyed to many places with little lrs® of originality of direct appeal. One ¢f the serious wastes in distri- bution {4 through inexperienced or inept sales ,ier!onnel—elunns dissatisfied custor-srs, lost sales and costly turn- over of staff, for all of which we. as customers, foot the bills. 1In retail merchandisin rticularly, such un- fortunate condif occur more often than they should. They are due, in most cases, to inadequate or faulty mi stores, even of provide really proper train salespeople because of the in- volved and the diffieulty of proeuring cApable, stimulating gstructors. Wor't of that nature should/ intrusted to thoroughly high-grade men a&nd women who can arouse enthusiastic response through practical demonstra- tion no less than through firmly grounded precept. Can Fill Present Gap. Here again, one may believe, the talking picturé can step in and fill an existing gap. It is a situation com- parable to that of the executive with a message or the scientist making clear the operation of a natural law. To the staffs of our less opulent and less elaborate stores, the talking pictures can bring lessons that should prove in- valuable in inducing more adroit, more ingratiating salesmanship. 1 might say much about the more obvious relationships between talking pictures and the creation of new busi- ness. ‘There are, for instance, those glittering fashion films in which the feminine members of our audiences take such manifest delight. The very latest in the modes, in the fads and foibles of apparel, whose intriguing Ancient Frontprint Caused by “Weather” Science has just had its little joke at the expense of that learned Italian, Prof. Lidio Cipriani. And in round fig- ures the expense amounts to $150,000. Over a year ago scientific attention was drawn toward what appeared to be the footprint of a prehistoric man, and a giant at that, in & rock of the tertiary period in the N'gelele Valley, near Louis Trichardt, Transvaal, and an Italian ex- pedition under Prof. Cipriani was, equipped to seek traces of a man thousands of years older than any previous discovery. In due course Comdr. Gatti, one of the leading men in the expedition, came to Johannes- burg and announced to the Star, the city’s leading nuutmrer. that this foot- print was all that it had been made out to be. But the Star was skeptical, and before publishing the story insisted | on having the giant's spoor examined by | Jeading South African anthropologists and geologists. This was arranged, and the “footprint” was pronounced to due to the weathering of the rock. Prof. Dart was even cheerfully caustic, for he remarked that he could quite under- stand a layman being deceived. Japanese “Reds” Urge Banishment of Capital That much-discussed retrenchmem.‘ policy of the new government can't hold | a candle to the platform of frugality | advocated by the kenkokukal, a body of radicals who take part in political activity whenever they have a chance, 'The organization recently conducted a campaign throughout Japan during which dbills were distributed urging upon the public the following 10 slogans, which, it was said, would end all the country’s financial worries if properly heeded: (1) Banish capitalism and capitalists, the foundation of all waste. (2) Throw open to the public the gar- dens and private parks of rich men. (3) Let the government prohibit con- cubinage. (4) Abolish all first-class cars on trains in Japan. (5) Prohibit the sale of all luxurious goods; they lrpe-! solely to vanity. (6) Prohibit all industrial strikes. (7) Give more work to government officials. (8) Close 8ll department stores. (9) Abolish the license quarters. (10) Prohibit dance halls, cafes; geisha houses and bars. ‘wearers favor the adoring, wide-eyed ladies with a few well chosen words of explanation or appreciation of the gar- ments! A far cry, indeed, from the days of Godey's Lady Book! Such fashion pictures serve a useful function, undeniably enhanced by the introduc- tion of the human voice, They vide an alluring t; of information that many thousands of women wel- come very eagerly—and the commercial aspect of the matter scarcely needs to be elaborated. Merchants undoubtedly sell many new hats and dresses through the exhibiting of new, authentic styles on_the screen. ‘The influence of the pictures op- erates similarly in other lines. The strictly dramatic films are inculcating standards of good taste in furniture and the allied phases of interior deco- ration—althou; we may justifiably deplore some glaring exception to this tendency. Millions of people are thus enabled to see articles of true distinction to Smuggling on Yangtze Is Blow to Profits Pidgin _cargo is one reason why Yangtze River vessels do not make the full profit they are entitled to. This is the name given to smuggled goods, only that term has come to be applied to such contraband as opium and arms. Pidgin cargo is goods not on the mani- fest, but carried generally with the full connivance of members of the Chinese crew or the ship's compradore. How thoroughly the work is organized up and down the river was illustrated re- cently. Customs men, in searching a river vessel, located 50 bags of rice be- ing carried free. As they were in the act of seizing them an or stormed the vessel, beat off the customs agents and carried off the cargo. Three men were arrested, one of them admit- }h!l’l that each had been paid $1 for the job. “War Authors” Picture Removed by Church A picture representing “The Punish- ment of the Responsible Authors of the Great War,” which had been hanging in the church of the Sorbonne since 1918, has been removed in compliance | with a “Locarnian” desire to spare the feelings of many ex-enemy visitors who looked on it with great displeasure. It showed Christ as the principal person- e, with France near Him brandishing a sword, and, in the foreground, a fallen Kaiser and 'groveling Francis Joseph with awe-stricken faces. It had presented to the Sorbonne by the ainter. As it is not a rood picture here is reason to congratulate the Sor- bonne officials for doing away with it. Toscanini finy Close Career in Busy Role Arturo Toscanini will probably close his long career as an opera conductor by directing all the performances of “Tristan and Isolde,” as well as “Tann- hauser,” at the Bayreuth festival this year. Slegfried Wagner will conduct & “ring™ series, while ledrich Muck will direct “Parsifal” The cast for the leading parts in all the performances to | be presented has already been made up. | It contains many internationally fam- | ous names. § Ecuador Moves Ahead (Continued From First Page.) cacao, though sin¢e 1919, when Ecuador produced more cacao than any other country in the world, the output has been decreasing. This has seriously af- fected the economic situation of the republic, although cacao still coun- stitutes about 60 or 70 per®@cent of | Ecuadorean exports. ‘Another product of considerable value is the so-called “vegeuble ivory,” which is prepared from the nut of the tagua palm. Large quantities of the buttons, etc., sold as “ivory” in the United States and Europe are made from these nuts. Coffee is being cultivated in increas- ing quantities, and the upland valleys are especially suitable for its produc- | i tion. Coffee _. taking a more and more important place in the export trade of the country, replacing in some measure the falling exports of cacao. A consid- erable number of cattle are raised, but few are exported, being almost entirel; consumed locally. Hides are exported,| though not in great quantities. The lack of better means of transportation may be the explanation of why the| raising of cattle is not developed so as to cons*'tute a large export item. Other Crops Produced. ‘Various other are produced in Ecusdor, such as wheat, potatoes, corn and barley, which are grown melully in the higher altitudes, and T, eote ton, tobaceo and rice, which are grown cn the lowlands of the coast. Most of only | these erops, however, are for domestic' consumption and not exported at all. Various fruits and rubber also are prod- ucts of Ecuador. Unlike Colombia on the notth and Peru on the south, Ecuador produces| at present very little in the way of | minerals, gold, low-grade coal and oil, all in but small quantities, being about the only minerals under exploitation. Although industries are still little developed in Ecuador and difficult transportation hinders the material progress of the country, her foreign trade, in which the United States holds a predominant position, is constantly improving, and so are the finances of the nation, which were reorganized not long ago by a commission of American cancial and economic experts, headed by Prof. Kemmerer of Princeton Uni- versity, Since 1926 the Republic of Ecuador has been under the leadership of a notable statesman, Dr. Isidro Ayora, who, first as provisional executive and later as constitutional President, initi- ated and is now carrying out most of the political and economic réeforms which are opening a néw era of mate- rial progress and development for this small but idealistic republic of Latin America. The Ecuadoreans are represented in the United States by one of their most distinguished political and intellectual leaders, Homero Viteri-Lafronte. A noted fawyer, educator, author and ac- Complished diplomat, Mr. Viterl has a1 ready won est: friendship am official and circles in Wi pro- | nized gang | been |- which they might otherwise be total strangers. 'rh‘e‘y come to compréhend standards radically different from those to which they havée beéen accus- tomed. And the desire of possession is often aroused. The spectator be- comes discontented with the less ade- quate, less comely article that he is using. He wants that “something bet- ter” that he has admired in the “talkie” scene. And when he con- trives the means of procuring it, without indulging in unwarranted extravagance, new business is brought into being, new currents of trade are set in motion. There are, to be suré, économists who | bitterly decry the “creation of dissat- | isfaction” as a means of stimulating business—but this particular case hardly comes within that category of objectionable practice. Thus in many ways the talking pic tures can promote the cause of com- merce. These things that seem so like a miraculous evocation from Aladdin’s Lamp are capable of ylelding many concrete benefits, the tangible evidence of which will appear in busy factories, clanging cash ters and plumper isely directed, they dded agent of our new American idea of purposeful and plan- ned prosperity. ‘-l PUBLIC LIBRARY | Recent_accessions to the Public Li- brary and lists of recommended reading ‘;v‘m appear in this column every Sun- 4 Famous Americans. | Fuller, J. F. C. The Generalship of Ulysses 8. Grant. E-G7657fu. | James, Marquis. The Raven; | raphy of Sam Houston. | Lynch, D. T. An Epoch and a Man, yflM-mn Van Buren and His Times. | E-vams 1. | Nevins, Allan. Fremont, the West’ Greatest Adventurer. 3 v. 1928, E-F886n. Palmer, J. M. Washington, Lincoln, Wilson; Three War Statesmen. E-9P 18. | Polk, James Knox, Pres. of U. 8. Poll the Diary of a President, 1845-1 F83367-P15. Sweetser, K. D. Famous Girls of the White House. E-9Sw33. Turnbull, A. D. Commodoré David Por« ter, 1780-1843. E-P8333t. Young, J. C. Marse Robert, Knight of the Confederacy. E-LS51 y. Poetry. C. P, comp. American Poetry, 1671-1928. YP-0AI43. Ameri Poetic Association. Modern American Poets, v. 1. YP-0Am368. Blackwell, A. 8. ish-Ameri« Poets. YHBP-9] ik Some 8| Hall, H. J, ed. Types of Poetry. 1931, 9H 143. The World's Great YP Athletics. / Hillas, Marjorié, and Knighton, Marian. ‘o Miihiette oo o e gehml and College Women. VAT- Savage, H. J., and others. American College Athletics. (Ref, doés not circulate.) VAT-Sa9. Smith, A. A. Swimming and Plain Div- ing. VGA-Sm52. P Warden, R. D. An Exhibition Hand- book. VS-W213. Art of Writing. Chase, M. E. Constructive ‘Vsr'nlnl for College Freshmo C39. Hoover, M. M. and Carlton, Learning to Write. ZB-H768. Johnson, R. I, and others. Practical Studies in Composition. ZB-J636p. Mearns, Hughes. Creative Power. IP-M462. Business. cornell, W. B. Business Organization. K-C81 HE- Hickernell, W. F. Financial and Busi« ness Forecasting. zx?-flh ) Walker, L. C. The Officé and Bocor row's Business. HK-1W 15, In the Fine Arts Division. Bles, Arthur de. Genuine Antique Furs niture. WW-B81. Bl‘ockhurl{fi (J.l;..i G. L. Brockhtrst. 1928. 3 ius, C. O. PFurniture Masterpieces cm:;mguncm Phyfe. 1928. WW- C8161. Hitchcock, H. R.. jr. Modérn Archi- tecture. WF-H63m. Kahle, K. M. _An Outline of Period Furniture, WW-K 12, Lawrence, A. W. Later Greek Seulpe ture and Its Influence on East and West. 1927. WJI127-143 1. Pope, Arthur. An Inuodunuog‘m the un(unxlew 01‘514‘1);1."“. and Painting. . WM- it Rln‘{l.:, A. M. Sculpture. WJ-Ra's. ‘Theme Z2B- r H. INDIANS’ BAD CONDITION STIRS SENATORS TO ACT Committee Finds Health and Education Neglected, and Demands Square Deal for Red Men. BY ELSIE WEIL. N the committee room of Indian affairs in the Senate Office Build- ing are calfskin rows of Indian laws, filles of official reports and letters to Senators citing particular Indian grievances or urging investiga- tions of conditions on various reserva- tions throughout the country. To that room come defenders of the Indian cause, pleading for legislative reform. A picturesque Indian of t old type, in buckskin and bead regalia, drifts in now and then. He is eloquent, the old Indian, tireless and timeless in his native tongue, but he is also a little disillusioned. He no longer quite be- lieves in the myth of the Great White Father. Here he comes into contact with edu- cated, well informed Indians who are learning to substitute law for mythology. Keenly they follow the progress and final disposition of every bill introduced into Congress which affects the welfare of their peoplt ple. interesting witnesses have led to the Indlan committee room in the last year or so. Florence M. Patterson, who had been appointed by the American Red Cross to make a study of the need for public health nursing on Indian reservations, de- scribed the appalling health conditions in Indian boarding schools, homes and hospitals. She found the manifesta- tions of malnutrition among the In- dian children as acute and general as among the children of the war-devas- tated regions of Eastern Europe, where she worked for the Red Cross. Tremendous Infant Mortality. Among the northern Pueblos the in- fant death rate was 278 per thousand, four timhes the rate for the United Btates for the same period. Miss Pat- terson estimated the tuberculosis death rate on the Indian reservations to be six times that for the rest of the coun- try. These statistics represent only a few of the dark spots brought out in Miss Patterson's testimony. ‘The late Louis Marshill, the great eonstitutional lawyer, appeared before the committee to represent the Pueblo Indians in thé Middle Rio Grande Co- servancy case. He voluntered his serv- ices as a matter of simyle Jjustice, be- cause from his study of the reclama- tion project he was convinced that the Indian interests were not being safe- arded by their legal guardian—the ndian Bureau. The Pueblos were {o cm the chief burden of charges for 1l control and irrigation, which was to benefit white land owners, towns and railroads. The Barnett Case. ‘The celebrated case of Jackson Bar- nett, the “poor rich” Indian of Okla- homa, also was thrashed out in_the Indian committee room. Jackson Bar- nett, declared by the courts a mental incompetent, was, according to the testimony brought before the Senate Indian committee, railroaded into a marriage with a white woman of ad- venturous background and persuaded to thumbprint away a fortune of more than a million dollars to his white wife and the American Baptist Home Mission Society, without any compre- hension of the importance of the trans- action. ‘The unfolding of this melodrama, to- gether with the broadcasting of the starvation diet in Indian boarding schools, attracted public interest to the inner workings of the Indian Bureau under the regime of former Commis- sioner Charles H. Burke and his as- sistant, Edgar B. Merritt. Not many months after the Jackson Barnett dis- closures - Burke and Merritt resigned, and President Hoover appointed Charles J. Rhoads as commissioner and J. Henty Seattergood as assistant commis- sioner of Indian affairs, to bring their soclal vision and experience the Indian Bureau. In talking to members of the Senate committee on Indian affairs, who have been conducting investigations on the reservations, I found them sympathetic to the new commissioners. It is not theéir intention to hamper any construc- tive and progressive proposals suggested by the new heads of the Indian Bureau for the benefit of the Indians, but they feel that they must continue investi- gations which have already disclosed emphatic need for a complete reor- ganization of the Indian service. They point out that the Indlan committee of the Senate has power to recommend findings and new legislation to Coi gress, regardless and entirely independ- ent of the Indian Bureau. . General Survey Ordered. In February, 1928, the Senate was au- thorized to “make a general survey of the condition of the Indians” and to study the great body of Indian laws and the administration of the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the purpose of recommending legislation to correct abuses and encourage the progress of k¢ M. La Follette, jr., Wisconsin: W. Pine, Oklahoma: Burton K. Wheell a«ontm and Elmer Thomas, Okl oma. Five volumes published by the com- mittee cover their hearings in the States of Washington, Oregon, California, gug. ‘Wisconsin and at Washington, But the published record has been completed only .through July, 1029. Bince that time the committee has conducted investigations in Montana, Nebarska and North and South Dakota. ard the end of the year and at the beginning of January, Senators Frasier and Wheeler heid hearings among the Indians of New York State, who ve been front- news be- cause of the Marchand “witch” mur- der and the two pitful Indian de- fendants—wrinkled old Nancy Bowen and tubercular, wasted Lila Jimerson, ‘The committee spent the month of February in examining witnesses in Oklahoma, whose Indian affairs have long been tossed between the Indian Bureau and the courts. Championed by Wheeler. Senator Frazier, the chairman, and Senator Wheeler of Montana have been the most active members of thé com- | i mittee, traveling to remote sections of the country to hear the complaints of the humblest Indlans and to sift evi- dence pointing to corruption, exploita- tion and maladministration on Indian reservations. Senator Wheeler is a consistent and enthusiastic champion of the Indians. In his office in the Senate Bullding he expanded on his experiences and ob- servations as & member of the Indian investigating committee. Sometimes he read from personal notes jotted down during his trips. Frequently, warm- ing to his subject. he ed up and down the room as he related tragic and crlménl.l instances of Indian mistreat- men Reduced to the simplest terms, it is his _conviction tnat the Indians have been seriously wronged and that Con- gress should take steps to right those wrongs without Machiavellian hesitation to spare the feelings of the Indian Bureau or of Congress itself. Indian Charges “Framing.” Senator Wheeler first came into per- sonal contact with Indians on the ertsol 8. A Handbook of Greek R“-nd s.'og-n Architecture. WF127- R54. . H. H. A Short Critical Hus. sugl:metnmcmmmm 1027, WPi1L. Std8s. Elements of Form and raston. A 3 "Olassic~ Archibecture, .5t82, SVEER 5. M. W, Tumer. Montana Reservation when he was ap- inted by President Wilson United tates district attorney for Montana, an ¢ which he held from 1913 to 1018, As district attorney he was asked by the Indian Bureau to te some of the “agitators” on Flat- tion. the Indians discoversd that wished Mr. in all fainess tol et get at the justice of their cause, they confided how cases had been framed against them. Mr. Wheeler looked into the matter and proved that the charges against the accused Indains were unfounded. He refused to bring indictments and dismissed the cases From that time the Flatheads have al- ways regarded him as their friend. With the help of Senator Wheeler and other defenders of Indian rights, he the Flathead tribe is now fighting in Washington to protect its against the encroachment of big power companies. As exclusive owners of the power sites on the reservation, they de- mand their right to rent their property to the bidder offering the most favor- able terms. The Rocky Mountain Power Co., whose bid has been favored by the Federal Power Commission, would offer an annual income of $68,000. The other applicant, Walter H. Wheeler of Minneapolis, offers 12} cents more per annum horse-power an guarantees to develop the project to yleld an annual income of $240,750. A Western Muscle Shoals. o The Flathead power project has been called the Muscle Shoals of the West. Flathead bids and other disclosures led Senator Wheeler to say in the Sen- ate & few weeks ago: “The scandal of the last administration was oil . . . Un- less some of these things are m?ped tha: are going on down in the Federal Power Commission the scandal of th! dministration will be power."” ~Senator Wheeler does not consider the Indian Bureau entirely responsible ?)ll. the present condition of Indian af- airs. “Congress, as well as the Indian Bu- reau, is open to severe criticism for the manner in which it has dealt with the Indians. In the Western States with Indian reservations, lumber, ofl, water wer, cattle and sheep grasing groups ave sought favors from the Governe ment. They prevailed upon their Sen« ators and Representatives to plead their special interests with the Indian Bu. reau. One has only to read the hear-. ings of investigations among the Chip- was of Minnesota to learn how big du;mber interests have robbed the In- row!r sites ‘Wherein the Blame Lies. From his examination of Indian, Government and local witnesses, Sen- ator Wheeler has. had an unusual op- portunity to obtain a broad perspective of the whole Indian situation. He Rolmed out many conditions for which e considers the Indian department under former commissioners entirely respcnsible. “In the administration of the affairs of the Indians scattered over remote sections of the West, one unfortunately | expects to find a cértain amount of | petty graft and abuse on-the part of minor officials. But, making allowances | for that, two cutstanding facts have been impressed on meémbers of our | committee. “First, the Indians generally in ‘the United States are poorer, and second, | they are little more educated than they | were 50 years ago. “Our whole educational system for | the Indians has béén hopelessly lax | and old-fashioned. At the best, the | Indians are given a sixth-grade educa- tion equivalent to fourth-grade stand- ards in the white public schools. A few are sent to higher schools—the show places of Indian instruction. “For the most part they turne loose on their reservations after they | have finished the Indian grades and put on land where it is almost impos- | sible for a white man to earn a lving. | There they have remained without fur- | ther advantages. All that 50 years of | Government education has done has | been to enable a few more Indians to read and write. This situation must be | laid exclusively at the door of the In- | dian Bureau. Health Conditions Disgraceful. | “On most of the reservations we found di céful health conditions. I won't elaborate, for detailed accounts can be found in the Meriam report, the Red Cross report and our own hear- ings. But I was horrified as I listened to the tragic story of disease and suf. fering among the Indians. Tubercu: losis, caused by malnutriation and im- | proper housing, has become a sérious | menace, and practically none of the reservations has facilities for checking its advance. Venereal dissase 18 preva- lent on reservations near the whits set- tlements. Trachoma, which the Indian Department has made a special effort to handle, still shows a high percentage. From the testimony, the life and death of Indians is a guessing game. No re- liable system of statistics has been adopted. “A legal commission should make & study of the vast, confusing and In- tricate body of Indian laws, many of them antiquated, and set up a simple code of laws which would eliminate duplication and be pertinent to the In- dian reservations today. “‘One must remember that every new administration has promised im- prove the condition of the Indians and give them justice, but, in the end, bureaucrats and politicians have dom! nated the Indian affairs of the coun- try and nothing beneficial to the In- dians has been accomplished. This ad ministration, under favorable eircume stances, and with the support of newly aroused public interest in the welfare of the Indians, has an oppflmm!g to sweep out the unpleasant mess left by cmflqf-mmded. bureaucratic predes Damages Are Collected By Faking Accidents “Autolesionism,” the well known and lucrative art of faking injuries in order to collect indemnities, is having & wide wave of popularity in Italy. In Anc: an industrial town in Northern Italy, 25 working men have been arrested and charged with having secured compensa« tions for accidents which they never really had, the total amount of their collections being nearly $20,000. Spinal injuries, crippled arms and legs and injurles to the brain all turned out to be nothing at all when their cases wére properly investigated by insurance coth- panies and employers’ répresentatives. Several notorious quack lawyérs, who egged the men into faking their the juries, have beéeén arrested and de- tectives are investigating & large num- ber of others who have collected sub~ stantial sums from the insurance com- panies recently. Chinese May Proclaim New Navigation Laws ‘With the intention of abrogating all inland navigation rights enjoyed by for- eign shipping companies in China, the navigation affairs bureau of the min- istry of communications is formulating a new code of navigation laws for sub- mission to the central political council. Inland shi hts are d foreign fll'mu"p umerfl{ruth ::’fi'i‘ qu{ as far as 1858, when British véssels were permitted to navigate the Great River, or Yan| Fore! today g0 up the river for more than a thou- sand miles and carry oh an extensive business. . Oneoftlugnlhlndflnmmls; uln&gmmeof ‘hinese steamship is frequent seisure of vessels of enmmmb&mpnmmu ;yuoznarmm e transportation of