Evening Star Newspaper, May 11, 1930, Page 37

STRATEGIC STROKE IS SEEN IN NEW JAPANESE TARIFF Agreement With Nanking Is Regarded X as Brilliant Move by Tokio for Peaceful Economic Rule. in Japanese policy in China is the Washington Conference in That conference, by n abolishing the Anglo - Japanese alliance, initiated a veiled struggle which has been one of the most subtle ,and difficult things to follow, but which lis the pivot on which everything has Tturned. ‘There has been good reasons for this. & HANGHAT—The point of departure 1921-22. .The irreducible price which England | ory .had to pay for a stoppage of the compe- tition in" naval armaments was not liked in London any more than in Tokio, - but at least it was understood In Ja- pan it was not; for the Japanese. keen- eyed though they be about world rela- tions, cannot appreciate the complicated pattern which binds the English-speak- ing peoples together, even though it is constantly irritating. For them it was enough that the British had preferred a bargain with America to the old alliance which had been the mainspring of their policy for 20 years, and they remodeled everything - accordingly. - The first clear indication was at the Peking tariff conference in 1925-26, when in contradistinction to the step- by-step process laid down at Washing- ton for the recovery of Chinese tariff autonomy Japan proposed that each power should make conventional tariffs ' with China, ie., act separately as their interests demanded. This led to embit- tered exchanges, broke up the sem- _ blance of unity among the powers which was a carry-over from happier days, and encouraged Fabian tactics. Revision Irritated British. ‘The American delegates, showing bet- ter gener: than others, did not allow an open breach to appear between them and the Japanese; but the British, irritated by the constant revision of their special proposals, ended by delib- erately accusing the Japanese of in- transigeantism and stall the machine. It was at the least favorable moment, too. A Bolshevised China, growing redder every moment, as the stream of money from the earnings of the Chinese Eastern Railway (which in 1924 had assed under Soviet control) steadily Ticressed. clearly pre: a_storm which would far surpass such climaxes as a stoppage of trade and boycotts. Indeed, tge country seemed, as in 1900, on the eve of an outburst of Zenopho- bia, which would imperil every foreign- er's life. The days when Borodin was a power at Canton and Hankow and the great harbor of Hongkong was on the point of death were anxious days for people of all nationalities. Policy of Reprisals Abandoned. England was puzzled. Suddenly she adopted conciliation as her watchword. formed her last desperate attempt in the post-armistice’ period to carry out the policy of the 21 demands by an expenditure of cash, which left on her hands several hundred million yen of worthless securities. Reciprocity Is Won. mum tariff at places within her grasp, such as at Dairen in the leased terri- and at Antung on the Corean frontier, where special land rates as opposed to maritime rates ruled, she has secured that the liquidation of her debt will be carried out by allocating to her a moiety of these collections. Moreover, she has won reciprocity. Reciprocity, which is the next best thing to that ultimate dream, a Chinese-Japanese Zoliverein, holds out promise of such returns that all mis- takes of the past quinquennium fade into insignificance. It is the political implications which are particularly interesting at this juneture. Ostensibly Japan has backed Chiang Kai-shek by carrying through this stroke with the recognized govern- ment when its fortunes are at low ebb, a point of view which seems reinforced by the outcry in the Chinese press at the mew and worse “unequal” treaty which has replaced the old. Only os- tensibly, however, for Japan is not backing Chiang Kai-shek. On the con- trary, indirectly she will compel him to back down. Bargaining Power Acquired. She has now something to bargain with before giving her recognition to any new government—for instance, the provisional government which is spoken of as imminent in Peking. Before that recognition will be granted, before there can be any question of its permanence, all her Ni g arrangements will have f [ to be ratified and perhaps extended. For there is still the question of her general commercial treaty to cover ex- traterritoriality and concessions and cognate matters to be dealt with. That gives her new diplomacy infinite scope. While England and America, naively taking things at their face value and trying to translate the sentiments of their own good will into Sun Yat-Sen's grammar of anarchy, wish to surrender their rights, Japan, made a “rover” by the developments of 1921-22, extends hers by adaptation. ‘There you have the keynote—adapta- tion. Carrying out to the best of her ability her sole duty—her duty to her own electorate, and to no one else— Japan has alre: shown that while tactics change the principles of strat- egy remain unaltered. It would cer- tainly seem that a leaf should be taken out of her book. Perhaps, now that we are not likely to hear so much about the spirit of Locarno in Europe, some one may think of doing that in the Japan, never forgetting her objective, | Far East. adopted nothing, but meanwhile dis- sociated herself in every possible way from a policy of reprisals, turning the other cheek whenever she was struck and capping it all by a loan of 2,000,000 yen in cash to the Nationalists as soon as they were intrenched in the Yangtze Valley. th Minseito, or Liberal party, was then in power. They had always had intimate relations with the Kuomin- tang, and they were out to prove that you can do more rapidly and effectively by astute moves what generations of men have attempted to do by force Shortly after this, however, they were - ousted fmx:nfl o&:e, and gx& &ld%rshép in fore al ?l&ud le hands of bhntlxnredouhtl e champlon of direct action, Baron Tanaka. New Trend Recognized. He had been directly associated with the military party which had initiated the 21 demands of 1915—that nearly successful attempt to force a Japanese protectorate on China. But he had re- signed from the army to assume the headship of the Seiyu-kai, or Conserva- tives; and while military action still beckoned to him as by far the most po- tent weapon in Japan's armory, he did not remain blind to the new trend in aFaire in other words, he understood the Minseito program and indorsed its eco- nomics. But the increasing uproar, and particularly the situation in Shantung, which he could not fail to remember was once nearly in Japan’s hands, en- couraged him to send troops there, a small force in 1927, which he withdrew, and a large force in 1928, when faced by the new Nationalist drive on Peklnzl he had to protect Japanese communi- ties along the line of march. Nationalists Punished. Suddenly he found himself embroiled in elaborate cross-play. While all the facts are not yet known regarding the measures which had for climax the dra- matic assossination of Chang Tso-lin at the Japanese railway crossing outside Mukden, there are dark suspicions, and this much may be hazarded. As in 1915, over the 21 demands Shantung was merely a foil for Man- churia. What Tanaka was working for was a better position on those plains where the Russians had been fought to their last gasp. But in Shantung the honor of the Japanese army had been unexpectedly compromised by the Na- tionalist massacres under the very noses of a Japanese brigade, and this could not be passed by. Accordingly, the army was allowed to “punish” the malefactors by the assault and capture of Tsinan which left 2,000 Chinese dead on the fleld. ‘Then because Chang Tso-lin in Peking ‘was calling this an enemy act against China (although the Nationalists were his own enemy) he was given an ulti- matum to leave—and he obeyed, to run right into a death trap. Tanaka Forced From Power. His _elimination, however, produced a directly contrary effect from what was expected. Instead of an opportunity offering itself for the use of a heavy hand in Manchuria, as in Shantung, from spontaneous outbursts, the Man- churian army. with this stupid crime as a warning, remained as quiet as the grave and indulged in no provocative | acts. Tanaka, foiled abroad and as- saulted at home in the Diet, fell from | power and inevitably passed out of the | picture. This was the Minseito’s op- portunity to give form and substance to their “modified” policy which has about it so much finesse. The matter of a conventional tariff, which would suit Japenese manufac- turers and gain by way of commerce what had been attempted again and again in other ways, became the key- "China Great Future Market. Here it is necessary to remark that the Chinese market, while still not so important to Japan as the American (where the immense shipments of silk g)‘)‘ is infallibly destined to be the jor market. In days to ccfe such a ‘yolume of raw materials will be drawn from all China that all the other volumes will be as nothing, and in re- turn there will be shipped back such quantities of manufactures that every turn in Chinese domestic politics must be_followed and dealt with. In a word, the Tokio government must see to it that nothing is left un- done which should be done. Daily it must pluck the grass to know where sits the wind—it must peer in maps for ports and plers and roads, so that there shall be no surprise. That is why the tariff agreement put through this month at Nanking is Japan's most important success in the foreign field for many years. While all the annexures to the agreement are not known, it is probable that in settling the tariff question Japan has settled the question of her “honor” in Shantung and of her unsecured debt, famous Nishinara ‘Papiamento’ Embraces Quintet of Tongues ‘The most peculiar sounding language in the West Indies and one involving the use of words from five languages is spoken by the natives of Curacao in this small important Dutch island, less than 100 miles from the mainland of ] A peculiar feature of this nat ‘patois” is that, to be spoken correctly, the werds must be maimed and crippled with the exception of the Portuguese words; otherwise it is not “papiamento,” as it has been termed. ‘This language consists principally of a virtuai mixture of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and English words, and to speak it fluently one must make as many assaults upon the words as pos- sible, besides dropping the lower jaw to give a lazy expression to the tone. An occasional gesture is necessary, es- pecially so when one makes love or passes complimentary remarks. This strange ' language has its idioms and proverbs like any other language. It lends itself especially to epigrams. “Pap- iamento” is really the language of the native Negroes and it is used entirely for their needs, including their songs and dances. Textbooks to Teach Japanese of Quakes In order to increase knowledge about earthquakes among younger students, the Japanese ministry of education has decided to compile a special textbool with important seismographic facts in simple language. Dr. Imamura, out- standing authority of the Tokio - rial University faculty, has been asked prepare the material. The authori- ties feel that if the younger generation is informed of the causes of earthquakes and the way in which to build earth- quake-proof structures they will better serve the nation when they grow up. Following a_recent shock more severe than usual, Dr. Imamura reassured the population by saying that there would not be an earthquake as bad as the one in 1923 for at least 150 years. He point- ed out that in the past history of the country there had been only three such severe quakes in 2,000 years. As far as any of us alive today were concerned, he pointed out, the earthquake peril was virtually absent. Berolina Loses Favor In Evolution of Styles Quite a controversy has developed in Berlin and like a good many contro- versies, it has a woman for its pivot. A very hefty lady she is, too—about 50 feet high, weighing a ton or more, clad in armor and pressing a shield to her mighty bosom. Her name is Berolina, emblem of Berlin. She used to stand on the Alexanderplatz, one of the city's busiest centers, but when German women became slimmer, Berolina seemed to lose favor, until at last the city fathers decided that she should descend from her pedestal. Now she is lodged in a dreary wooden shed out- side the city. The town council has de- cided to sell her to the highest bidder, and, strange to relate, she has found several admirers. One of them wishes to place her near his restaurant as a sort of gigantic advertisement, building a small bar inside the hollow statue. UeMBIsaI © SBY UBW SurSLIAINUS SuT near the great radio sending station at Witzleben. Ilicit Gems Continue To Flood the Market Despite elaborate precautions the leakage of diamonds from Namaqua- land continues to be virtually as great as it was a year ago. It is estimated that the number of illicit diamonds on the market amounts to $20,000,000 annually. Smugglers have been driven from the immediate area of the state diamond diggings, but as the whole of the Namaqualand coast, from the mouth of the Orange River southward, has been found to be diamondiferous, it ih“ not been difficult for the diamond | runners to find fresh flelds for exploi- | tation. Detectives have just succeeded in rooting out one of the haunts, a place near Port Nolloth, known as The Cliffs. In one cave very diffcult of access illicit diamond diggers found that the erosion of the sea had ba: diamondiferous stratum several feet in thickness. They worked the gravel for some time before their secret leaked out, and they gathered diamonds of remarkable quality. Their. treasure heard will now t o 80 to swell Lh;eoflers In consenting to the levy of a maxi- | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, Talkies May Aid Commerce With Proper Use They May Become Added Agent in Upbuilding of American Busines: BY DR. JULIUS KLEIN, Assistant Becretary of Commerce of the United States. HIS is the day of vigorous, sus- tained and varied efforts to keep business on an even keel—to stimulate and stabilize all phases of the economic effort of this country. Construction is being ac- celerated. Problems of unemployment are being energetically attacked. Credit methods are being strengthened or over- hauled. A determined drive is under way to remedy the admitted faults in our system of distribution. Definite success is evidently attending most of these efforts now—but this is unmistakably a time for each of us to utilize fully every medium or device that promises to contribute to the at- tainment of the desired end. The manufacturer can do much by keeping his machinery and equipment absolutely up to date, by “giving a job till June"— or longer—if there is any possible opening, and by acquainting the buying public with the merits of the productive processes in his plant. The merchant can play a vital role by striving to achieve a maximum of efficiency and pleasing service. And the consumer, too, can do his bit, through shrewder, more judicious, more adequately in- formed buying. ‘There is one marvelous new device that can aid materially in all this— though we would not ordinarily asso- clate it with such matters. I mean the talking motion picture. The po- tential benefits of the talking picture have been only imperfectly realized as yet. In the non-entertainment field to which I am confining these observations BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the moet important news of the world for the seven days ended May 10: GREAT BRITAIN.—There's a great to-do in Great Britain about Hadrian's Wall, which is one of the most pic- turesque of historic landmarks. = It runs right across the island from the mouth of the Tyne to Solway Frith and was built in 122 AD. for protection egainst the Picts. It seems that the structure itself is not threatened, but k | that quarrying operations, to be carried right up to its base, are contemplated, the which would destroy its picturesque- ness. All Britain is het up, and it seems likely that it will be saved by a popular subscription, such as saved Stonehenge last year. Let's all cast in our mite. John Masefield has been ap- pointed poet laureate of Great Britain, in succession to the Ilate Robert Briguess. * ok k% SPAIN.—On May 5 at Madrid clash occurred between policemen and civil guards on the one part and uni- versity students on the other, the latter making riotous demand for a republic, only tne former having firearms. Two non-participating workmen were killed by bullets, and about 40 persons were injured, including policemen and civil rds_hit by stones, a medical pro- fessor hit by a stone and students and non-participants struck by stones or bulllets. The trouble began on May 1, when a great crowd of students assembled at the railway station to welcome back Prof. De Unamuno from the exile im- posed on him by the dictatorship. On that occasion the police charged with sabers to break up the party, and some 50 persons were injured. Prof. De Unamuno is strongly opposed to the monarchy, but professes to disfavor vio- lence. It is, however, a fact that his speeches have the effect of encourag- ing disorder. Demonstrations for a republic are reported from several other universi- ties, including those of Saragossa and Seville; clashes between police and students, and a few broken heads re- sulting. *k ok ITALY.—Perhaps the most pleasing | of the “public work” achieved by Mus- | solini in Rome (by way of restoration, | demolition of slums and eyesores, im- | provement, of sanitation, etc) is the | clearing away of the hideous and un- | savory slums about the Temple of Vesta. | That exquisite little structure is now | surrounded by a public garden, from | which the view unobstructed—on | one side toward the Aventine, on ';‘;é other toward the Tiber, on a thi |toward the Temple of Virile Fortune, on a fourth toward the Palatine. N!I}\; the temple once existed the m-rad where the wolf suckled Romulus l"‘n Remus, and near it on April 21, 763 B. C., Romulus began his furrow to l'flfll; the circuit of the city walls, while only 50 yards away is an arch of that stone | bridge (th ublician) over the 'n:)gl’ which, tradition has it, succeededdn lE wooden bridge whereon Horatius f E' }:e handed held back_the columns © oo Usruscan King, Porsena. Now e reread the tale as told in Macau J‘s “Lays of Anclent Rome,” bidding the new circuits who affect to despise lays go hang. it ‘hlt Gandhi INDIA.—On May 5 Mahatma was arrested. at Surat by the British authorities and conv to Poog’- where he is imprisoned. kuum:h { the Mahatma is gratified, expecting tha the “civil disobedience” pflel:""'t"fl; i mpetus_{fro receive an_ mmense ImRCilE 100, 1 that, as under M“ Stances, he Eeration by the Britien utmost_ cons| authorities while in durance. It wil its possibilities are still a long way from being plumbed. We have been engrossed with the purely dramatic and amusing qualities of this magical new medium. Many of us have looked upon (and listened to) it merely as a thrilling, flashing, capti- vating toy to thrill our senses agreeably for a couple of hours of our leisure time. We have been too prone to re- gard it as an affair principally of dance routines and emoticnal crisis still at times a bit raucous and remote from “living music.” Overlook Possibilities. Most of us are so entranced with the entertainment phases of the device that we have given insufficient thought to its other possibilities—the helpful uses to which the new talking pictures may be put in the interests of better busi- ness. We have, it is true, been startled into some degree of recognition by the recent press accounts of the use of talking pictures by certain of our most distinguished scientists to demonstrate experiments in a most illuminating and convincing way. We gained some con- ception, then, of how the materials and processes of the experiment, magnified, simplified and clarified by means of “close-ups,” may be made vastly more vivid and effective than they would be, even in the actuai class room—and how, along with the indispensable oral com- ment of the eminent instructor, they can be multiplied countless times and distributed to students and general audiences throughout the world. The be recalled that his incarceration a few years ago dashed the zeal of his fol- lowers. On May 2 Lord Irwin prorogued bc.h the executive council and the central legislative assembly, a move of great importance. Presumably there wil no meeting of the latter prior to gen- eral elections, scheduled for the end of the year. | taken by the government, including | bivouacking of troops in cities, posting agc machine guns at important points, ete. On May 6 widespread rioting and clashes—at Calcutta, Delhi d else- where. Estimated total of 20 d-1, over |a hundred injured. A mob of several thousand attack a detachment of 27 police in a Calcutta suburb; the latter, furiously stoned, are compelled to use pistols. At Delhi a huge mob attack two high government officials and the police are compelled to fire. The latter use buckshot at first, but at last are constrained to resort to ball cartridges. Thirty persons are injured in clashes re- sulting from the “Hartal” in Jullunder (Punjab). At Bombay & great demon- stration is held without serious dis- order. Two-thirds of the spindles in Bombay are idle. On the Tth there was a serious af- fair at Chittagong in which two Britons and seven natives were killed, and there were clashes at Calcutta, Ranaghat and Bombay, involving numerous injuries. A serjous affair on the 8th at Shol- apur, a town og 120,000 or so, about 200 miles from Bombay. It will be recalled that a fortnight ago Gandhi ordered his followers to cut down the toddy-palms whose fermented sap furnishes one of the commonest intoxicating drinks of India (arrack is distilled from it). On the date mentioned a great mob set themselves to obey the behest. A small police detachment bade them desist. They replied with Stones, bricks and the like. ‘The police finally answered with rifie fire, and battle on these terms raged for hours. Some 20 persons (in- cluding three policemen) were killed and over a hundred were injured, in- cluding every member of the small police detachment not killed. The populace | dispersed only upon arrival of troops from the camp at Ahmadnagar. Now here is a circumstance of particular note. The mob showed special animosity against the police as being Moslems. ‘The bodies of the three slain policemen were treated with indignity. ‘Throughout India industry and trade are desperately depressed. Schools and colleges are closed, the students demonstrating. The growing strength of the boycott against foreign goods causes great uneasiness in Great (Continued From First Page.) progressives and other volunteer friends of man, contending for that theory of valuation which would show the roads to be worth the smallest number of dollars. In holding these respective positions over a period in which the value of the dollar passed from 50 cents to 100 cents, both sides have reversed themselves. Today and recently the rallroads are where Bryan was in 1897; today and recently the present-day Bryans are where the railroads were in 1897. Neither side seems to there is any humor or irony in their change of position. ~With perfect solemnity—indeed, with violently sin- cerity, each side into | denounced as unfair the point of | sinfulness, »” e be | United States, Extraordinary precautions are being |1 educational vistas that are thus opened up would have been simply incon- ceivable a few short years ago. We may readily imagine what the extension of such methods to medical sclence may involve—how the clinical practices of the most skillful and suc- cessful surgeons may be illustrated to even the most remote or obscure of their colleagues. The hitherto baffling and obstructive factor of “inaccessibil- Ity to the fountainheads of knowledge” promises to be wiped out in great part through the agency of talking pictures. narrow confines of the small, steep- banked clinic auditorium, where some great surgeon is performing his miracles of dexterity, have thus been broadened in one prodigious sweep to take in eager medical students from Buenos Aires to Bucharest, from Calcutta to California. Now, what can such pictures do for business—for industry and trade? That question, I believe, is fascinating and important. Surely the audible films should be able to contribute much to commerce. ‘These days our major business prob- {lem is to improve distribution methods, |to bring them up to the level of the recognized superiority of our production efficiency; in other words, to cut the cost of selling things. Need Understanding Buying. This involves, of course, the elimina- |tion of many costly, wasteful practices by the distributor, but it also means a new_responsibility for us consumers. We have got to be sure that our part of The Story the Week Has Told The British government announces that 226,000 troops are being held in readiness in Great Britain for dispatch to India if required. The area of India is about 1,800,000 square mlies (area of continental about 8,000,000 square miles) and the population is about 320,000,000. The area of the “‘British provinces” of India. . e, the provinces under direct British rule, is about 1,100,000 square miles; population about 247,000,000. The area of the “native states” (under native potentates, with British protection and effective though unobtrusive super- vision) is about 700,000 square miles, population about 73,000,000. The total number of British civilian officials in India is about 2,000. The British troops in India number about 57,000 and the Indian army (natives, mostly officered by Britons) numbers about 147,000. The police are mostly natives. In con- sidering the British ent toward educating the Indian people for self- government, remember that the Central Parliament at Delhi and the provincial Parliaments post-date the great war. The British Raj is at present supported by native princes, by the Mohamme- dans on the whole, by the untouch- ables on the whole and probably by the Sikhs on the whole. The Mol number about 170,000,000, the untouchables about 30,- 000,000, the inhabitants of the states Oof ruled 000 and the Sikhs about 3,000,000. the 320,000,000 inhabitants of India, then, the British authorities are apt to ;leckur)ln :obu":l: 170,000.0{)’5:nd1fl2rml do.r ostile e nationalist propaganda. Of the remaining 150,000,000 only 5 per cent are literate. To what extent those illiterate masses will prove them- selves susceptible to the nationalist propaganda and, granting their sus- ceptibility, capable of_ effective action, remains to be seen. It is well known that of the literates many, perhaps the majority, are inclined to moderation. But history shows that, revolution once in full swing, the moderates are likely to be aubmeneg i: n:n ;’Hquk!-l'zdfl' CHINA.—War is definitely joined be- tween forces of the Nanking government on the one part and those of the alli- ance headed by Yen Hai-Shang, with Feng Yu-Hsiang as generalissimo, on the other. Dispatches of May 8 tell of fighting on a considerable scale along the line of the Lunghai Railroad about 50 miles west of Suchow (in Northern '.Krg;';)fi‘ Province, held by the Nanking An agreement has been = viding for uishment by Brll:lr:h government of its Wei-Hai-Wei conces- i ] think | tion. slon before October 1. The British gar- rison wiligbe withdrawn before that d'n‘u Political Significance Is Given to Fight On Supreme Court for Utilities Rulings The comedy of the period from 1897 to the present day is only one act. Ap- m{ tly we are just at the beginning of the second act—a second act in which the characters will again ex- change their roles, in which the rail- roads, on the one hand, and the radi- cals and liberals on the other, will again reverse themselves, again ex- change their respective arguments. To say 1s, of course, to make a predic- tion about the course of the dollar. No prudent person makes such a predic- ; it can onl{hlt:u said that many persons wise in fleld believe that the dollar is just now on its way to be- coming again a “big dollar,” worth a goes court and | hundred cents or more. If that hap- e | argues for the thing which in 1897 it see, 10 years or so from Pow Ele u:n-a ted in now, the rested parties a re- versing themselves. i D. C, MAY 11, 1930—PART TWO. the distribution operation—namely, the | buying—is well done. This does not necessarily imply that we should buy more, but rather that we should buy more understandingly than we do now., Anything that contributes to more sen-' sible buying—as to what we are buying and why—is an indisputable good. And the industrial talking picture, especially in the latest improved technique, is exactly that kind of contribution. ‘When we buy anything nowadays— from a tractor to a fountain pen—we, must take much ‘“on faith.” We canl| see how the article looks, we can tell| whether it is pretty or ugly, from our point of view, but as far as its inner quality is concerned it is often exceed-| ingly difficult to determine whether it| is good, bad or indifferent. Some of the most important “parts,” so to speak, | are not before us at all as we examine the merchandise in the showcase or on the display room floor. They lie far| behind it. I mean, of course, the repu-. tation of the firm, the relative excel-| lence of its methods, the rigors of its| standards and tests, and, above all, its | equipment for servicing its producm.' | ‘W. cannot buy intelligently unless we know a great deal about these hitherto invisible elements. Fortunately they are coming to be both visible and audible. The indus- trial talking picture now takes us be- hind the scenes of business. Most of us have shown rather keen interest in the silent industrial films, revealing, shall we say, the emotional life of a gasoline engine, or the evolution of an electric bulb from the embyronic state, exclusive of Alaska, | ~ | niversary of the establishment of the or those delightful glimpses of the really (Continued on Fourth Page.) UNITED STATES—Responsive to a letter addressed by President Hoover to | th Representative read to the House, with com- | ment importing his belief that President Hoover would veto the tariff bill should | it be submitted to him for signature em- bodying the items especially obnoxious to him, on May 3 the House voted down, 231 to 161, the Senate amendment pro- | posing the farm debenture plan, and by 236 to 154 voted down the Senate! Tilson, which letter Mr. amendment which would repeal the President’s power under the existing law | to change duties fixed by Congress. On May 7 the Senate, 41 to 39, re- jected the nomination of Judge John J. Parker to be associate justice of the | United States Supreme Court. Thirty- six years had gone by since similar Sen- ate action. Owen' 3. Roberts s dtinguiehen Bhses en J. Tts, 8 2~ delphia lawyer, to fill lh’:‘g\'ulclnt seat. On May 8 an agresment under which the debt of the Austrian government to | ;ur Govemm!;:tdu tto Vble mh?:ed over 40 ears was signed a asl . The total principal is i!l.OOD.GOOAM The work is nearly completed of dredging the Hudson for 30 miles below Albany so as to provide a channel at least 27 feet deep at mean low water all the way up the Hudson to the State Capital, deep enough to admit 90 per cent of ocean-going craft and making of Albany an ocean port. The dredging has taken four years at a cost to the Federal Government. of $11,200,000. The tremendous economic consequences to be expected recital. No Winter obstruction to traffic (as hitherto to river steamers for an average of about four weeks) is expected for the future. With only slight assistance from ice breakers, the heavy tramps should maintain an open channel. The distance from Albany to m sea is 160 miles. The city has constructed on a grand scale to deal with the new traffic in mise. Similar work has secured similar ad- vantages to Portland, Oreg. (113 miles from the Pacific); Houston 50 miles from the Gulf of Mexico; New Orleans (110 miles from the mouth of the Mis- sissippi), and Montreal. It is now pro- posed to extend similar blessings to Richmond, Va., by dredging the James. Don't forget that from Albany to Lake Ontario by the barge canal is only 180 miles and that the aggregate length of the Great Lakes is about half that of the Mediterranean. * ok ok ok NOTES.—In June Icelad will cele- brate the millennium of its Althing, or Parliament. On May 4, with the arrival at Al- glers of President Doumergue of France, there began a series of magnificent celebrations of the one hundredth an- French colony of Algeria. The three-cornered Hungarian-Ru- manian-Czechoslovak controversy left unsettled by the Hague conference, but settlement of which was necessary to give full effect to the decisions of that conference, has at last been settled in a conference at Paris of representatives of the three powers. Each of '.h.‘t_)hu e has a bank and sepulchral bouquet. The little entente holds out the olive branch | joan to Hungary, and Premier Bethlen smiles responsively. The millennium advances apace. 2 After five weeks of hectic discussion, rAe.&ed the negotiations in London between representatives of the British and Egyp- tian governments (the latter including Nahas Pasha, the Efivpum premier) ended on May 8 in fallure. The Egyp- Sudan, than government offered in their draft treaty to Cairo last August; appar- they even demanded restoration of ian sovereignty over the Su- dan, and this, course, could not be conceded. are too obvious to require |, ially as re- British | asked 3 'WOMEN, VOTING 10 YEARS, SEEK FULL CITIZENSHIP First Decade of Suffrage Finds Feminists Pushing Ahead Into All Unconquered Fields. BY EMMA BUGBEE. FTER 10 years the winning of the suffrage is so far in the past that few young women think of it save as some bygone episode in history, and even those who gave it their deepest devotion have transferred their activities to new causes. What are these new causes? What is the trend of the woman movement in general? Is there anything left for women to fight for? Jury service is one of the few flelds of public activity in which women have yet to obtain equality with men under the law. Only 21 States, the District of Columbia and Alaska now permit women to sit on juries, and in a ma- Jority of these the permission was in- hfix;:nb in the granting of the fran- chise. Where the statutes enacted be’re 1920 designated jurors as ‘“persons,” “electors” or “legal voters,” the women were admitted to the jury lists without special enactment. In other States the laws had been framed without a thought of coming woman voters and employed such phrases as “male electors,” “male citizens,” “all male persons over 21 years of age”; hence it became neces- sary to change such laws, and this has proved a far more difficult task than the women anticipated. View of New Yorker. Voicing ther bewilderment at the re- veated refusal of the New York Legis- lature to change the law, Mrs, Leslie J. Tompkins, chairman of the Manhattan League of Woman Voters, said at the most recent hearing: ‘Jury service is both a right and a duty of citizenship. Regarded as a right, women as citizens should possess it. Regarded as a duty, women as citi- zens should be compelled per- form it. “Women are now serving on juries in 21 States, in Alaska and in the Dis- trict of Columbia. The preponderance of opinion among the judges and dis- trict attorneys of those States is that woman jurors are a success. They have served willingly, conscientiously and competently. All agree that the condi- tions in the courts have improved, that the atmosphere of the courts is better and that the ends of justice have been more adequately served since women have been in the jury box. If that is true in other States, why would it not be true in New York? In what way are we different? Why must this gre: rich, important State of ours be always among the last to enact progressive, forward-looking legislation? Frankly, gentlemen, the situation is very per- plexing to us women.” The problem is further complicated by indecision as to whether pwomen should be compelled to serve or should be permitted to do so at their own vo- lition. In nine States the jury service is compulsory for women, while in the others it is permissive. The compulsory type is asked in New York State by ltjl;eon';?xlll’.‘ym‘ arlanlmtldflnl. Looking service as a duty, they f that there should be no leim obll::-l tion upon women than upon men to perform this duty and that the same reasonable grounds for exemption would be allowed individual women as indi- vidual men. Mothers of small chil- dren, for example, could be exempted as easily as “flhyslchns or men wgoue business ed their - s reqt constant atten: Service Seen as Duty. Mrs. F. Louls Slade, former chairman ::lgl?e league, at an earlier hearing had “The league is interested in jury serv- ice as a civic duty and for '.l"n'u"remn has never consented to a_permissive bill. The 41 exemptions allowed men in this State make the New York law so_permissive now that lawyers and Judges are at their wits' end to get de- pendable and intelligent jurors. If to e law were added merely a permission to women who wished to serve we should get mighty few -women—nat- urally, since women and men are very much alike in their desire - convenience themselves in 5‘1? 3:#2. of lglz S?.:hte.' om the femininist point there .remain also a Iego dlsclx)'fm‘l’::elv! tions against women under the nat. uralization laws of the United States, The famous Cable act, passed in 1922 one of the first fruits of woman suffrage, is now founa to have some defects which the women destre to have amended. This is the law which Wiped out a previous enactment under which an American woman marrying a foreigner lost her American citizen- ship. It established the rincipie of l't,l'g;}::‘ud!ne citizenship Xgr married An alien woman who married a eiti- Zen of the United States 'after c{fie passage of the Cable act did not be- come a citizen by reason of such mar- riage, nor did the naturalization of the husband after that date confer citizen- ship upon the wife, but provision was made enabling her to become a citizen in her own right on compliance with the requirements of the naturalization law after a one-year period of resi- dence. Similarly,'a woman citizen of the United States who married an alien after the ‘Pa.sn‘e of the Cable act in 1922 did not thereby forfeit her citizenship unless she married an allen ineligible to citizenship. In the latter case she ceases to be a citizen of the United States during the con- tinuance of the marital status. Distinctions Are Noted. Two distinctions are thus made, under the Cable act, between the citi: :ennsl:i‘n nelr. men and of women. First, y marry a woman foreigner ineligible to citizenship without Iolsml his own status as an American citizen, but the converse is not true. Second, & woman married to a naturalized citi- zen loses her citizenship through con- tinued residence outside the United States, but a native-born male citizen, married to an alien woman, does not lose his citizenship through continued Tesidence in a foreign country. The famous case of Mrs. Ruth Bryan Owen, ughter of William Jennings Bryan, married to an Englishman and since naturalized, brought the intrica- cles of the naturalization law into the public eye recently, although in her case the problem involved was only one of the continuity of her citizenship. The inequality between men and ‘women, even under the Cable act, was condemned by Dr. Emma Wold, treas- urer of the National Woman's Party, in the following passage: “No similar laws apply to man. He may marry a n of any race what- ever without loss of citizenship cr of right to be admitted to citizenship. He may live outside of the United States indefinitely, may alienate himself com- pletely from his country and, short of pledg allegiance to another country, suffers no presumption of expatriation. His country is ready to as its citizen, regardless the status of his wife, the length of his absence, or_any other personal relation.” Dr. Wold was one of the two Amere ‘women attending the First Inter- national Conference to Codify Inter- national Law at The Hague, where the evican women'’s influence was di- toward establishing the princi- ple of independent citizenship for ‘women throughout the world. & Sipley. eniet. of th "E;..“':an“'i‘s" . y, chief of the - vision of the State Department. The clause which the American feminists to have adopted by,the con- xm‘l’";: 'um 4! parti that hé contract'ng les. lg!“ from the g into effect of this treaty there shall be no distinction based on sex in their law or practice relating to nationality.” i In the matter of remedies for these remaining disabilities of women under the law, the women’s organizations have taken two diametrically opposite courses. The National League of Women Voters phrases its policy under the slogan, “Specific bills for specific ills,* while the National Woman's Party prefers to wipe out all discrim- inations under a blanket amendment to the Federal Constitution, guarantee- ing to women complete equality with men under the law in all human re- lationships. This would be the twentieth amend- ment, and in the .women’s world is known as the Lucretia Mott amend- ment, named for the pioneer Quakerass. This proposed amendment reads as follows: “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its juris- diction.” In addition to these two Nation-wide discriminations still remaining against women—in the matter of jury service and nationality—the feminists find in many States countless small disabilities under the law. They involve such fam- ily relations as guardianship of chil- dren, marriage and divorce; such prop- erty rights as in real estate, inherit- ance, dower and curtesy and the right of contract. ‘The League of Women Voters in a survey in 1927 pointed out as examples of these disabilities: “In seven States the common law rights of dower and curtesy still sur- vive. No State by law accords to wives any portion of the family income, ex- cept such as they have earned outside the home, and in six States the hus- band also takes her wages. In no State may a wife collect for services per- forn.ed in the home. “In 43 States parents inherit equally from a deceased child. In only 19 States does a wife share equally with her husband in the child’s earnings, and there is no State in which the is entitled to a voice in the choice of a family home or in which there is a joint headship in husband and wife.” Controversy of Future. No survey of the woman movement would be complete without contem- plation of what promises to the great controversy of the future. It has been rumbling around for more than 10 years and appears to be no nearer so- lution than in the beginning. This is the controversy between the proponents of protective legislation for women and those who maintain that so-called pro- tection reacts as a discrimination against women. ‘The League of Women Voters is the champion of the protectionist theory and the National Woman’s Party of the opposite. The idea that women needed votes in order to enact laws which -vould protect women and children in Industry was one of the many argu- ments advanced in the early days of the suffrage campaigns, and it persists in tll;l: ml.ndsmo! thmulnd.!mc{n wome'l"l;l‘ but the o jon appears % 'nu? p%omen‘spnurnn of '.g? United States Department of Labor, quoted in 1927 after an investigation of this con- troversial fleld, said: “In the employment of women in in- dustries and in stores legislation limit- ing their hours of work to 48 and 50 hours weekly does not hinder their ad- vancement. It reduces their hours. It also reduces the hours of men. It oc- casionally results in increases in the L S Pl not close ipations T appreciable extent. It does not result in a decrease in the number of women employed and it does not decrease wages.” The anti-protectionists, however, ar- gue that if, for example, women are forbidden to work at night employers are more likely to hire men for such bs, and the women will be prevented rom free competition in their search for a livelihood. Thmmnd that restrictive laws m\ to men and women. Under so-called protective laws are three groups, those providing shorter hours (1. e., the 48-hour week) for women in industry, the prohibition of night work and the minimum wage. Other Battles Foreseen. Assuming that all these left-overs in the realm of equality are soon wiped out, what is there left for the woman movement of the future? The feminists themselves gladly chorus that they hope to be able to function then as citizens rather than as women. They turn their eyes eagerly to the coming battles on the subject of peace and _prohibition, as well as all the familiar political and civic problems. “It is a great pity that we have to go on working to get these equalities under the law,” said Mrs. Clarence M. Smith, former chairman of the National Wom- en’s party, “but it seems to us that until we secure equal recognition under the law, we cannot go ahead without being restricted. That is the only remnant of the woman's party idea left in this country. I cannot imagine any other issue save their own rights as individ- uals which would unite women, or divide them against men, in a political party of their own.” Suffragists are sometimes inclined to mourn the passing of the good old days and to regret that there will “never be another cause like votes for women.” There will never be again, they believe, the enthusiasm, the devotion, the emo- tion which for a time fused so many women into one sisterhood. ‘This is probably true. The suffrage movement was only one element in the general process of woman’s emancipa- tion from outgrown conventions in educational, economic, social and polit- ical world. In all these fields women may now function freely as individuals and need very little the support of sex solidarity. Whether they run for Con- gress or open brokerage offices or paint or bring up children or explore the jungles, the young women of 1930 are ready to “go it alone.” Sugar Tariff Raise Is Urged in Hawaii Annual meetings of Hawaiian agri- cultural and industrial corporations held in Honolulu recently emp! the need for increase in the sugar tariff. Substantial fallings off in were reported by virtually all the sugar companies due to the low price of sugar and it is felt that only a raise in the tariff rate against Cuban investments. A number of other companies, which are not strictly agricultural but whose prosperity depends largely on the pros- perit rests, showed re- ductions in e On ity of the sugar inte: ; arnings. the other panies which ann showed Increases. Radio Helps Enliven “Mounties’ > Dull Pests hand, each of the two pinea; com- ‘made ufimwpom Apart from these ‘lonely = men there are 375,068 people in owrning sets. They each pay a $1 fee as license & the feders! government.