Evening Star Newspaper, March 16, 1930, Page 40

Destroying Ancient Gods (Continued From Third Page.) is offered dignitaries of the ruling ?ln If there is a critical situation acing the government—and there nearly always is—an explanation of the attitude to be followed is made— and justified by quoting from the Sun Min Chu I. ‘The mention of Sun’s name in con- neotion with measures projected by the t assures their approval by people. If it can be established that the “late party leader,” as Sun is plously referred to, favored the de- velopment of this or that industry it wins ready sponsors. Few can be found who are willing to | 80 on record publicly as animadvertants | of the San Min Chu I, or of any opinion, however illogical, ever voiced by the god- | head of the Kuomintang. Those who | are so foolish or fearless as to point out the fallacies of some of Sun's unsound economic ideas are promptly silenced. Not a few editors who have done so have been given opportunity to repent their recalcitrance in a government jail. Less fortunate ones have been dispatched to wh.lt. let us hope, is a more tolerant world. Radical Editors Published for “Sins.” At least a dozen editors in South China, th: hotbed of revolutionism, have beed punished for their sins against the “late leader.” Recently four Jjournalists in Wuchow, the principal port of Kwang-si, were put to death | for defying the central government and the mass hysteria that is| making a deity of Sun Yat-sen. Every independent vernacular paper in North | China has been warned against ‘sacri- legious references” to any of the princi- ples of “Sun Yat-sen-ism.” Eight jour- nals in Peiping have been banned from the mails. Two editors there are known to have been executed and it is re- ported that others who ostensibly were imprisoned have suffered like fates. | The guardians of “Sun Yat-sen-ism” | at Nanking have not confined their sup- pression of heretical utterances to the Chinese. A number of foreign news- papers have been barred from the mails under various pretexts. Prominent among them was the case of the North Chins. Daily News. ‘This British Jourmal, which is branded by the:] as an arch exponent of “die-hardism. perialism,” “foreign aggression” and various other unsavory | synonyms. is: published in the Interna- tional Settlement of Shanghal, which is, of course, still. under foreign adminis- tration. - For long this paper has earned dhlwmtn{ notice m::;n the deonu government. Representing, as it does, that seetor of foreign opinion which has large capitalistic interests in China, it is much to the Kuomintangs' aspirations -for the abolition of extra- terriforiality, _Consequently it has con- sistently followed an editorial policy aimed' to discredit the stability of the government and it twice has been excluded from the mails outside the settiement. Charged “Packed” Congress. The first action resulted from the paper’s publication of a series of arti- cles all that the Kuomintang Con- gress which elected Chiang Kai-shek ates Favoring i and that, the oppasi o a opposi- tion, sald to be in the majority, had been illegally stified. This order was enforced several weeks, after which the that the North ‘The cause of the second exclusion was based on the appearance in the journal orh 8 number of I‘l'?clfl by Dr. HL’\ 8hih, who questioned the soundness of some of Sun Yat-sen’s theories. Dr. Hu, presi- dent of the National Central University, is China’s most noted philosopher and educater, and a scholar of international repute. - articles expressed grave misgivings as to the wisdom of blindly following the will of the deathless Sun. Without bit- well ized campaign of exploitation of uMmmm. The Russians, who had faced a some- what similar problem in their own land, had discovered that they could not de- stroy such symbois of public credulity as the Iberian Virgin without offering a suitable suhstitute. So they had given the people Lenin in place of their incense, their rosaries, their supersti- tions. And to the Chinese they now presented the perfect patriot—Sun Yat-sen. : “The Nationalist revolution™ some one once wrote, ‘“was nine-tenths da and one-tenth actual fight- propagan |ing." This is perhaps an exaggeration. | But under the astute guidance of those Russian Communists (who aided the Nationalists until they were “dis- credited” at Hankow in 1927), the Chinese quickly learned, and have never forgotten, the power of ‘paper bullets.” During the entire Nationalist campaign thousands of young men and women paved the way for the revolu- tion by winning over the soldiers of the opj g armies, as well as civilians, through naively worded propaganda lauding the virties of Sun Yat-Sen and the S8an Min Chu I. And it was from forced to fall back. Northern Armies Well Equipped. The armies of the northern war lords | for the most part were better equipped, fcd better officered and better discipli than the ragged entourage that com- posed the force of Chiang Xai-Shek. Had it been merely a contest of arms the latter would have been quickly sube dued. But against the cunning propa- ganda of the Nationalists they were powerless. ‘The morale of their soldiers, among whom had been disseminated large quantities of “literature of rosy promise.” sagged and in many instances broke entirely, resulting in widespread desertions and revolts. Having discovered the potency of Sun’s name, the Kuomintang has done everything possible to increase its prestige since the National government was established at Nanking. His char- acter has undergone a process of syn- thetic sublimation. Books have been turned out which extoll his virtues, quacies which explained repeated fail- ures to achieve his ambitions during his own lifetime. Sane discussion of Bun's ideas has qui belief that Sun never made a mistake. ‘Those who venture opinions to the con- trary are termed ‘“counter-revolution- aries.” And a counter-revolutionary, depending upon his offense, may be punished by anything from lsion from the party to an undignified and hasty exit to the Yellow Fountains. Recently I asked one of the: directors of the Central Publicity Bureau, an educated and cultured man with a doctor’s degree from a Western univer- sity,-if he did not.think the tendency to deify Sun was opposed to the funda- mentals of the Kuomintang policy. He knew that I was sympathetic to the aspirations of Nationalism and that my question was of the friendliest sort. Yet he was faintly annoyed at my suggestion that Sun was being apotheosized. He asked me upon what I based my belief. . Is Patriot of Revolution. T pointed out to him various mani- festations of this attitude which I observed among Chinese all the way from the Yangtse to Peiping and even beyond the First. Gate of the Realm in Manchuria. He surprised. “We have never spoken of Sun as supernatural,” he mused. ‘““We have said that he was a great man—and he was. He was the fisst patriot the Chinese revolution ced. More accurately, he himself produced the revolution. This is a mere truism to you and me. Yet the great majority of our people knew little of Sun’s life or his struggles for their benefit. We have had to educate them by literature and by word of mouth to those who cannot terness, and in a most logical manner, | '¢ad. You do the same thing in America he ra-.hd certain mfl ‘weaknesses . l:ln of mmml;nt,"ufle expresséd. doul regare e value and the justice of the “period of political tutelage” advocated by the founder of we Kuomintang, pointing out that only practice could people know how through to govern themselves. administer is to “The way to learn to administer,” declared Dr. Hu. “This ‘period of political tutelage’ advocated by Dr. Sun is fundamentally unsound, for it does not provide for the selection of properly qualified tutors. Who are | these men that head the government and would lead us through the gates of self-government? Are they chosen by the people? Are they themselves s0 ex- rienced in government that we should guided by their example? Do Chiang Kai-ghek, Feng Yu-hsia Yen Hsi- shan and other militarists have any con- ception of what a democratic govern- ment i8? I think not. “Heresy” Aroused Storm of Protest. “An obstinate scholar,” this infidel continued, “undertakes the control of the Examination Yuan, a fireman becomes the provincial commissioner of finance, a militarist becomes President of the coun! and we call this ‘political tute- lage’ I repeat that I do not believe poli- tical tutelage is possible without a con- stitution; such & form of government is absolutism. I believe that only a truly constitutional government is qualified to give the people the necessary prepara- tion for an actual democracy.” Such was the depth of Dr. Hu's heresy! The Kuomintang was furious. Mem- bers of the various provincial and hsien organizations wrote to the Central party headquarters at Nanking demanding that the unbeliever be punished forth- ‘with. Some sugested that he be exiled; others, more bloodthirsty, cried for his head! The Kiangsu Provincial Kuomin- tang, which controls the Shanghai area in which Dr Hu resides, passed & resolu- tion that an order immediately be is- sued for his arrest. But the hierarchs of the party at Nanking, more cautious than their comrades—for Dr. Hu is & man of wide influence and a national favorite—dismissed the matter by de- livering & “warning” to him against fu- ture depreeating comment on the aims of the Kuomintang and “foolish quib- bling, the dissemination of ambiguous, erroneous and misleading appri s of the doctrines of the ‘late party leader.’” Dr. Hu apparently has been success- fully muzzled. He has not given utter- ance to any more “radical” statements. Recently I talked with him at a fare- well tea given for Mei Lan-fang, the noted Chinese draniatist, who was about to start for his American tour. “When sre we going to have a con- stitution?” I inquired of Dr. Hu. “Ask the more probable,” he responded with a shrug of his shoulders. uch as,” I suggested, “when is Sun Yat-sen going to be ranked with Shang the lord of lords?” “I am afraid he is already,” Dr. Hu nrl\ed regretfully. He had been a close friend of Sun's and he deplored the tendency to deify him, knowing how much Sun himself would have despised such treatment. “Poor Sun! How they have twisted his words! How they have made of him an imperator such as he hated with all his heart! Could he re- turn to China today he would not recog- nize himself in all his new perfection. How impatient he was with idolatry in any form! Yet it is exactly the kind of sentiment the Kuomintang, with its infallibllity doctrine, is making for Sun. He has become a kind of ruonl.l paranoia.” Propagandas Effected Deification. ‘The deification of Sun Yat-sen has in the “ideal been accomplished by clever and skill- | ful propaganda. It began with the tionalists' northern drive in 1826. respect and support of But it was only r his death, when the necessity for advanc- irg something concrete as s faith for hat the National- when you elect a President.” But in the tradition of the Chinese this force that northern militarism 'u1 there is. no presidential pattern. They have no background upon which to judge a hero except as a god. They have never had a president—a real president—elected by the poo&l: Before the “republic” the rulers of Chinese were kings and emperors. What were they called? I asked my friend. Holy men. Sons of heaven. And each of them, for hundréds of years, had been worshiped as a sovereign by divine right not only by the masses but by the most intelligent leaders of thought. “All the heroes of your history been metamorphosed into idols,” minded him. ‘“Confucius was a great philosopher and they built temples to him and elevated him to the first rank of worship. The fate of Mencius, Yen- hui and ng-tse was the same. The god of conquest, Kuan-ti, was once a mere mercenary who fought for an emperor, and the great S| -ti, ruler of the United Heavens, was only & clever charlatan who cured a monarch of stomachache resulting from an over- indulgence in samshu.” Fight Against Superstition. “But we have abolished all these foolish deities,” he exclaimed. “China will soon be rid of superstition. That has all been arranged.” “Yes,” I said, “you are demolishing the temples and hacking these ancient idols to pieces. You are explaining to the people that their gods are impotent and appeals to them a mere waste of time. You tell them the story of how Sun Yat-Sen, as a lad of 14, defled the grinning demon that presided in his village temple by twisting off some of his mud fingers in the presence of the astonished worshipers. But you have given them nothing to replace the spir- itual security that all these little people of wood and earth and paint once rep- resented to them. Nothing, that is, unless it is Sun Yat-Sen.” My _listener got the point. time he said “I suppose we are likely to overesti- mate the extent of the change in na- tional thought that the revolution has brought about. I sometimes forget, or long to forget, that 90 per cent of our people are still illiterate, credulous, un- able to read and write. Perhaps it is true that the psychology of our unen- lightened masses has not yet been ma- terially affected. The only way we can correct this is by education—education on a gigantic scale. But meanwhile we must secure support for the government which can bring these benefits to the peop) We must try to arouse the in- terest of our countrymen, even down to the humblest rickshaw coolle, in na- tionalism, as conceived by Sun, and if this can be accomplished only by ex- alting him, we must continue to do so.” Probably this attitude is justifiable from the standpoint of the Kuomintang and the National government. But it seems hardly fair to the memory of that most sincere of Chinese, whose every fiber revolted against the pantheism that had kept his countrymen in a state of intellectual passivity for hundreds of years. And there is and irony and an echo of shrill laughter of ban- ished gods in the deification of the one man who in his time stood fearless and alone in deflance of the abyssmal spir- itual darkness which fettered the prog- ress of his people. ve re- After a —— Takes Up Ice Skating sons Japanese expert. boy Emperor-that- to-| X THE SUNDAY ‘A LETTER 10 A LADY-—-[;y Bruce Barton A STAR, WASHINGTON, PLEASANT thing about writing for the newspapers is that one receives a great many letters from unseen friends. “Dear 8 For example: “I thi & woman's most puz- zling problem ‘is what she ought to do—or whether she can do anything—to help her children in the wise selection of their life companions. “I have a boy and a girl at the age where they are beginning to be interested in members of the other sex. What can I do to help them meet young people of the right type? Are their father and I justified in taking a better house in a more desirable neigh- borhood? Would my children have a better chance in life if I were to transfer them from the public schools to private schools? It would mean a sacrifice, but we feel that any sacrifice is justified if it can help to assure their happiness. “In_your wide experience you must have seen all sorts of people meet and solve this problem. It would be very interesting to me, and I am sure to others also, if you would write an article along these lines. “MRS. T. L. C. “Pittsburgh.” At the time this letter arrived I was half way through a bi- ography; it contained another instance of parental worry of a little different kind. The parents in this case were wealthy English rople who had provided their daughter with everything. They had a country house in Derbyshire, another in New Forest and a fashionable apartment in Lon- don. Their daughter was healthy and attractive. She had friends. She could travel. D. C, MARCH 16, 1930—PART TWO. She had music and art. Surely, a girl with all these blessings could not fail to be happy. me What could they do about it? “We are ducks,” moaned the other, with tears in her eyes, “who have hatched a wild Yet a strange perversity kept her spirit in a ferment. “Every- thing has been tried,” she ex- claimed in her diary, “foreign travel, kind friends, every- thing. My God! What is to become of me?” And a little later, “I see nothing desirable but death.” Her parents, who could look back over a long line of re- spectable and contented for- bears, were at their wits’ end. Never in the family history had there been a young person whose rebel spirit seemed so likely to involve her in disaster. Mi tel la a worry contributed nothing whatsoever. (Copyright. 1930.) - Mental Hygiene Societies of World To Map Program at Gathering Here Twenty-nine countries are already represented on the committee on or- ganisation and advisory committees on program of the first international con- gress on mental hygiene to be held next May in Washington. This will be the first gathering of its kind in the world. Psychiatrists, educators, general medi- cal practitioners, psychologists, soclal workers and others interested in mental hygiene will be present from every cor- ner of the globe. The dates are May 5 to 10, 1930. Latvia, Turkey, Uruguay, Peru, Persia and China are among the out-of-the-way countries already repre- sented. The purpose of the congress is to hold a world-wide discussion of the art mental hygiene plays in ordinary ives and to take stock of the globe- encircling growth of this movement. Movement 21 Years Old. The organized social movement known as mental hygiene began 21 years ago with the publication of the book, “A Mind That Found Itself” by Clifford W. Beers, who had been a patient in a hospital for mental cases and who, when he recovered, wrote this autoblography of his experiences. The baok attracted the attention of eminent psychologists. With this as a beginning, organized mental hygiene societies have spread from country to country until today 16 countries have national mental hygiene socleties. Others are in process of formation. In this country the National Commit- tee for Hygiene is the national organi- zation. There are 19 State societies, as well as city and county bodies. Mental hygiene has invaded schools, hospitals, family welfare societies, courts, and has contributed to the training of children by parents and others. Health Conservation an Asset. 1t is the contention of those who have built up the mental hygiene movement that mental health is a necessity, not merely for those who have suffered ill- ness. Patients in hospitals for nervous and mental diseases are not the only individuals in whom mental hygiene is interested. It is interested in happiness, efficiency and that smooth use of on abilities t comes from good adjust- ment to ol environment. To achieve this is the object of mental hygiene. It bl sttt e “Ricksha Boy”’ Happy On Emperor’s Birthday One of the happiest men in Japan on April 29, the Emperor's birthday anni- versary, was Chojiro Kojima, a retired ricksha coolle, wh3 about 20 years ago drew the future ruler of Japan in his two-wheeled vehicle. The emperor-to- be, then Prince Michi-no-Miya Hiro- hito, was put in the chre of Count Ka- wamura's family in Tokio for the first four years of his life, and the ricksha man we employed by them to transport the young prince whenever he went out. The old ricksha man was interviewed for the first time in his life on April 29. He was much overcome with emotion in g his experience, aind it was with difficulty that he could be suaded to of his recollections of the present peror, One day, he said, he wa: sweeping in the garden when the young prince came out and spoke to him in his childish vocabulary, later handing the coolie a bag of candy which he had. From time to time he was given to burn toys of which the prince had tired. This he did every time, with one exception. Once there was a toy sword, which he could not destroy. He took it to his humble home and placed it in & special box. Every year since that time he has worshiped before the toy sword on the Emperor's birthday anniversary. Former German Kaiser Is Nation’s Richest Man ‘Thanks to the generosity of the Ger- man people in deciding by plebescite that most of the former crown propere ties should be considered as the per- sonal property of the ex-dynasties, the former German rulers are the richest men in Germany, with, naturally, the ex-kaiser leading the list. According to a news agency, the following the values of the fortunes of Germa richest men: 1 lern, ex-kaiser, $102,000,000; 2, Kru von Bohlen, industrialist, $76,000 3, Von Thurn und Taxis, ex-prince, $48,000,000; 4, Zu Hohenlohe ring- ex-prince; Zu Puernunber‘, ex- prince; Henkel zu Donnersmarck, ex- ince: Jacob Michael, industrial rince, each, $24,000,000; China’s Boy Ex-Emperor|5; is concerned, therefore, with the con- servation of the mental health of every- bod{l. not merely with the reclamation o(‘! (m! who have already become men- tally i1l One purpose of the congress is to survey mental hygiene development in the various countries and to arrive, if possible, at a list of objectives and standards to be aimed at throughout the world. President Hoover is honorary presi- dent of the congress, of which Dr. Wil- liam A. White of Washington is the active president. Thomas W. Lamont is treasurer and Mr. Beers secretary gen- eral. Honorary vice presidents are the dents of the 16 national mental iene societies and other deslgmua individuals in countries not having such soc! Many Subjects on Program. The will include discussions of treatment of mental patients in hospitals, mental hygiene and educa- tion, mental e in soclal work, nrglm-wm of clinics in hospitals, schools and elsewhere and other phases of mental hygiene work. The relations of mental hygiene to industry will be discussed. So will the importance of psychiatry in treating offenders and rsons coming to charitable societies help. Special mental problems of adolescence and the college youth will be dealt with, and the parent-child relationship will be important on the program. It is the purpose of the pro- gram makers to dwell upon both the administrative and therapeutic uflocu of mental hygiene work, as well as problems of research. ‘The white-frocked scientist in his evil-smelling, bottle-filled laboratory while discovering the spectrum of light, developing natural history and originat- m‘(‘m’mflme dyes has furnished a vo- cabulary for the dreamy-eyed poet chewing pencils in his attic room. This latest achnowledgment of the world’s debt to science has just been made by George R. Stewart, jr., assist- ant professor of the department of Eng- lish at the University of California, in an _article for the Scientific Monthly. Prof. Stewart points out that early poets found the English language almost devoid of names for colors of than | white, blue, red and yellow. They un-| doubtedly were able to distinguis] V.he} difference between various delicate tints | and shades of the primary colors, but they could not describe them in words that others would understand. Science Ald to Poetry, With the rise of modern science, how- | | ever, Prof. Stewart states, this fault in the ianguage was remedied. He says: “How comes it that in our day colors may glow a dozen to the page, while in former ages that number would have exhausted the poet's whole hoard? A complete exposition of cause and effect is, of course, impossible. I wish, how- ever, to point out the workings of one important agency—nothing more or less than that old enemy of poetry, science. “Our age in nothing ' differs more from medieval and the classical than in our organized and always successfully advancing science. In one way or an-| other, it 1s to this scientific research, beginning in the seventeenth century,| Philippine Industry Suffers Setback From Talk in Congress on Independence MANILA.—Because of agitation in and outside of Congress on Philippine wwn and economic questions and use of situations controlling the rroducuon of principal export products n the islands, capitalists and business men here are more pessimistic than they have been at any time since American occupation. Reports that the Senate in Washing- ton will pass an independent measure at this session it it has more than an even chance of being oved by the House, has resulted in a decided setback in every angle of Philippine economic development. Commercial investments are practi- cally at & standstill and indications are that some of the smaller import an export brokers will close their doors un- less there is some immediate indication of relief. Hemp, copra, coconut oil and sugar, the prineipal export products to the United States, are relatively low in price. Production of cash crops is low Powerful, Prosperous Irish Race Found By St. Patrick on Thriving Emerald Isle (Continued From Third Page.) that Britain was an island until the conquest of that country by Agricola. Tacitus, his son-in-law, who wrote the “Life of Agricola,” gives us this inter- esting bit of information on that point: “That was the time—time of Agricola —+that the Roman fleet, doubling the coast of this wholly unknown sea, first affirmed that Britain was an island and at the same time discovered and con- quered islands hitherto unheard of, etc.” “True Story Kept From World.” After the advent of printing, Ireland’s reputation suffered immeasurably, for she was then going through the terrible years of strife with Britain and she was practically deprived of the use of that art, while her enemy had a free field which was well utilized for her own purposes. On account of this fact the true story of Ireland has been kept from the world. Commencing with Cambrensis in the twelfth century wholesale misrepre- sentation n in circulation all over the world concerning Ireland, though there have been many noble- minded Englishmen who have dared to tell the truth and consequently met with the bitterest opposition, not alone from. some of their own countrymen but from venal Irishmen wearing @ smoke screen of patriotism. That Ireland had her illustrious ages cannot be denied by any student of her history. That in those ages there are seen many notable things to her credit will not surprise any reasonable persona. But when such thi are mentioned it is now the fashion to ;:y k:hn “the statement disgraces Irish istory.” So well and so often has this senile the |and ignorant remark been made , kers; Louls %ugghlm\ and Albert Loesche, of his natural hich his uote foreign au- it seems necessary to o ;1 thors in favor of Ireland. has almost become the o one o i rue n we m! American h‘l’:wry should not be written b y_an American. }; 'l: x:':. lo;“::ahnd that mm‘r;l:l pof T history are y foreign authors. For instance, when we contend that carried on d | it would have been disastrous for the in some parts of the islands as a result of severe typhoons in 1928 and 1929. Plu“r‘c:ulnl power has therefore de- cl ed. ‘The discussion in Congress of Philip- pine problems and the consequent un- certainty as to future litical and eco- nomic relations with the United States have checked economic development. ments are bel.flulfomfl. Unless purchasing power increases m.b‘m;eum mfluum;:“ ‘"I .t?.at 1930 ess prosperous than 3 The most dangerous item in the Philippine export field is sugar, in case is granted. the peoj coutnry if last year's sugar production of 574,000 tons had not been sold in the United States with a free entry ad- vantage of $38.75 a ton. the sugar producers, about $22,000,000, amoun to approximately 45 per cent of the total sales value of the sugar. the time of the saint we can call upon Tacitus from the same “Life of Agri- cola.” He says: “In extent Ireland, compared with Britain, is narrower, but exceeds that of any island of our seas. The soil and climate, as well as the genius and hab- its of the people, do not much differ from those of Britain. Its channels and harbors are better known to commerce and to merchants, etc.” Here is an important item which will be worth remembering by the skeptic. It proves clearly that the country car- ried on commerce to such extent that it was well known to merchants, evi- dently foreign. When we find such an author as Tacitus tells us that the channels and harbors of Ireland were better known to merchants than those of Britain we get some idea how the wheel of fortune, or misfortune, has cl the fate of Ireland. this commerce had been carried on at the time of the Roman writer, it is not unreasonable to come to the conclusion that it was also in in 8t. Patrick’s time—300 years Credit Where Credit Is Due. ‘The* reversed situation of the two countries as now evident will give us occasion to study the histories of na- tions that were once eminent and justly proud of their achievements. Our men- tal vision will show us many nations we will observe that when a natis become completely extinet .ngn:‘n: therefore, no enemies to combat, there cinitsof the isiorians who s sredl ns w wh’m %ndg’ ::‘d“. 0 give credit ‘or hundr of years Irel had no chance to speak of :::?e 2:: tull story. She has been deprived of all credit to .ugeytl;'l.n.‘ of value to her as a opponents in late years, for = Unprized are her sons till they learn “The mills of the gods but_they grind emmm‘;' R © hope that, as Charles swan.” Expansion of industry and new develop- | Goya that have risen and fallen away, and | Ge! These worthy and distressed parents were a certain Mr. and rs. Nightingale. Their daugh- r, Florence, did very well for herself after they had aban- doned their efforts to make her :Jahn: they thought she ought e. She wrote her name rge on the pages of her coun- try’s history, and, following her own sound instincts, achieved career which they could not possibly have arranged for her, and toward which all their Scientific Color Naming Contributes Many Words to Vocabularies of Poets that we owe much of the color richness of lish_poetry.” o A —— As examples of this sclentific contri- bution to color description, Prof. Stew- art cites the discovery of the rainbow- like spectrum of light seen through a prism by Sir Isaac Newton in 1671 or 1672; the attempts of such early bi- is Lini Brisson, Buffon, , Pallas, Latham, Pennant, QGoldsmith, White and others to de- scribe accurately and minutely the col- ors of birds, flowers and all living in nature, and finally the dis- covery of our multicolored aniline dyes, each of which required a name, by Per- kins, in 1856, and a score of other sc entists later. Newton, in naming the colors of the spectrum, coined the term violet and put into recognized use onng: and in- digo. Biologists, in attempting to de- scribe brilliant colored birds, butter- flies and flowers, coined hundreds of phrases. Latham, for example, in his efforts to describe birds used such terms as pea green, llac, brimstone, vermil- fon, chestnut, ash, cinerous, peach- blossom, luteous, rufous and fulvous, and used as many as 20 other shades and tints to describe one bird. Then, with the coining of the name “mauve” for thé first aniline dye, a limitless number of terms came into use to de- scribe color creations of the chemist. Many Words Coined. Many of these, Prof. Stewart states, may be found in the verse of shortly after science originated . In conclusion he says: “The very stand- ardization produced by science, so often bewailed as having given the coup de grace to poetry, has also by a curious back twist really aided poetry. As long as a certain shade of yellowish k existed only in the flesh of an apricot, in a momentary shade of the morning sky and in an occasional gown, language could never afford to have a special word for it. But when by modern meth- ods of color production the same exact shade may glow a million scarfs in one month, a word becomes to some neces- sary, and to all convenient.” ‘Thus we get such names as queen blue, navy, orchid, palmetto, athenia, nu cyclamen pink, flesh, peach, Chinese yellow, monkey skin, cocoa, red, Alamanda green, Sistine blue, praline, which appear on a single page of & mail-order house catalogue, Tokio Chief of Police Probes Cafe Situation Bound to get at the bottom of the evils of Tokio's modern “cafe civiliza- tion” which has sprung up since the great earthquake six years ago, Tsu- kichi Maruyama, the capital's new chief and cafes ) ac- cording to reports in the vernacular press, and seeing for himself just how much the city is “going to the dogs.” Drastic regulations to curb the many cafes which are coming into existence without proper licenses are absolutely necessary, he is quoted as saying, but he desires some first-hand information to help him in conducting the impending clean-up cam . There are now e i X . Maruyama feel that this is a cancer in the life of the capital and that no good can be done by allowing more of these institutions to be established. Crusades against g:‘l:?:um l::b"e cll;s conducted suc- and Osaka and com- plaints lodged directly with the home on the city’s moral life have resulted :l:tt:dd'el:lon of the Tokio police to . a - ol e S Dublin Has Only One Foreign Ambassador So far Dublin has only one fore! representative of ambassadorial rank. It has many consuls general from sev- eral European countries, but Frederick Sterling of the United States is_the only foreign Minister, As the Free State has sent diplomatic representa- tives to France, Belgium, Germany and the Vatican, it is expected that shortly the representatives of those states in Dublin’ will either be supplemented by regular Ministers or wur be raised to te Since the war the in Dublin has been Herr von Dehn, who has displayed exceptional abilities in his country's in- neglecting no opportunity for strengthening the relations between Germany and the Free State. The great national scheme for supplying elec- tricity from the River Shannon has been entirely carried out by a German firm. Herr von Dehn is likely to be prom to ministerial rank. France is repre- sented by Consul General Blanche, who may also be promoted. The Vat- t been named, though inister at the Vatican, Charles Bew~ ley, K. C., was received in Rome some ministry as to the bad effects they have | = Jose, A. W. Builders and Ploneers te Australia. l?DJ'I'Il " really found in a Jouvenel, Henry de. The stormy Life elnrdm&tm omnipote e witch, Business Storm Passing (Continued From First Page. acceptance of the former theory of cycles, Mr. Hoover outlined the pro- gram. The national business survey conference, which he suggested, has en- deavored to carry it forward. Mark Sullivan, a trained observer of events and the historian of the eco- nomic trends of the twentieth century, has recently expressed (Herald Tribune Magazine, March 2, 1930) a thought that has been in my mind throughout this Winter. I quote: Preventers Never Given Credit. “The averters and preventers in his- tory never by any chance get the credit due them. The statesmen who kept their peoples at peace are forgotten; it is the Napoleons who drag their peoples through war that history celebrates. Had there been in Europe in 1914 a statesman who prevented the World War hardly any erican today would know his name. No one of some 17 million mothers in the werld would think of him and be grateful to him as & man who kept her son alive. Imagi: nation rarely grasps the might-has The World War made famous a score of Fochs and Haigs; the averting of that war would have made no one famous. And so Mr. Hoover is most unlikely to get the credit for what he averted last November—the distresses Wwe are not experiencing today.” Such_eloquence is not ordinarily in the make-up of a business man, and so I unhesitatingly borrow Mr. Sullivan's words to voice my own feelings. tremendous importance of “what is" compared to “what might have been,” does not require demonstration. The necessity of equilibrium in our economic system did not come into Mr. Hoover's mind automatically when this crisis ap- peared. He had given voice to it on other occasions. As far back as Presi- dent Harding’s unemployment confer- ence of 1921, of which he was the dy- namic leader, he was preaching the desirability of planning our govermental expansion for long periods in the future, to prepare for periodical recessions in ness. Little by little that idea had Fennuud the consciousness of public eaders in all branches of government— Nation, state and city. en_he made his appeal to the States in November the response was immediate. For eight years as Secretary of Com- merce he had convinced American busi- ness that team play with the Govern- ment was worth while. Out of the Harding conference of 1921 there came three natlonal surveys, all directed at the single object of assuring employ- ment and removing the fear of unem- ployment. First was the study of busi- ness cycles, made in 1922 and 1923. Next came a survey of recent economic cl which began in 1928 under Mr. Hoover’s chairmanship, and which was completed just a year ago, on the eve of his inauguration. These surveys were the genesis of the Hoover plan which went into operation last Novem- ber. And team play was the elemen stressed in all three. Team Play Is Heartening. There is nothing more heartening in recent American history than the sort of team play we have had this Winter. I might cite first what the Government itself has done. Through lated business at a critical hour. Department of Agriculture, which ministers the Federal road building a] propriations, cut a few miles of red taj and made immediately available to States large sums which were put to work at once, Construction has been under way in the Southern States all during the Winter and in the North the highway programs will begin .at the earliest date on record. Oter branches of the Federal Govern- ment, under the direction of the Presi- dent, rallied to do their bit. The De- partment of Commerce mobilized . the authorities of States and cities to ad- vance their construction programs. The Department of Justice expedited the legal steps necessary to make sites available for public buildings. Archi- {| PUBLIC LIBRARY Recent accessions to the Public Lil and lists of recommended read- ing will appear in this column every Sunday. Literary Criticism. Darton, F. J. H. J. M. Barrie. ZYA- B27d. Green, F. C. French Novelists. 1928. ZY39-G82. Larsen, H. A. Sigrid Undset. ZYA-Un21. Marple, Alic the ir Works. 2.Z912-M34. Overton, G. M. An Hour of the Ameri- can Novel. ZY-Ova7h. A. H. English Comedy. Scandinavian to Our Day. ZY48-T62.E. Winterich, J. T. Books and the Man. ZY-WT38. Art. Blacker, J. F. A B C of Indian Art. 1922, W89-B56. Brenner, Anita. Idols Behind Altars. ‘W95-BT5. Gardner, Percy. New Chl_'glfl'l in Greek Art. 1926. W127-G 173n. La Follette, Suzanne, Art in America. ‘W83-L 13. Survey of Ancient Means, P. A. A Peruvian Art. 1917. W998-M47. The Bible. Baikie, James. The English Bible and Its Story. CBAD-B 14. Baldwin, E. C. Types of Literature in the Old Testament. CBCT-B 19. Bible. Selections. English. The Living Bible, ed. by Bolton Hall. CBA-H 14. Bible. New Testament. Selectior English. The Gospel Story of ns. Jesus, ed. by Gilbert Waterhouse. CBUL- CBC-G 11. Hull, M. M. Bible Study Helps. CBD- HB8T. Powys, Llewelyn. The Cradle of God. CBEH-P87. imms, P. M. The Bible From the Be- {lnnln‘. CBBI-Si46. Trattner, E. R. Unraveling the Book of Books, CBC-T69. Science. Caldwell, O. W., and Curtis, F. D. In- troductions to Science. LA-C 1251 Cleveland, F. A, ed. Modern Scientific Knowledge ol. Nature, Man and So- Gordon, B. . Prove 1L Yourselt. 1928 . The Pastures of Wonder. LA sullivan, J. W. N. The Bases of Mod- ern Science. LH-8uss. Hygiene, Hammar, P. G. Growing Young and ers, g . . R‘o'lfll 8. IRP-R633sc. rgisighes Terman, L. M., and_Almack, J. C. The H; '1':“ of the School Child. IRP- williams, J. F. Hyglene and Sanitation. Wookh: T, D, and Lerrigo, M. 0. Teach , T. D., an . M. O. Teach- ing How to Get and Use Hu:nn Energy. IRP-W85t. Biography. Abdullah, Achmed, and Ly Ty E-9B728da, s ol of Mirabeau, E-M6TLE. months ago. The highest ideal a man might vis- we may live in the TX"M.“'.'.,',‘{‘,,,,";,‘}“‘ the end, .. e Somes overmoat, ualize eox‘ld only be put into effect in iy men jest Lafayette, de. Vircinia, Soa%. % L ig, “Afevette in Landay, Rom, - Piisudskl and *Poland. Lipsky, Abram. E- 1, : ‘w29. Gaebelein, F. E. Exploring the Bible. L T.|& renowned wizard considerable remuneration, exorcise the struck the weird incan! Mere chance late! old woman had been along by The p been d fa tects of the Treasury and Post Office their ordinary procedure to advance by months the actual work on new post offices, And the Post Office Department also expediated its decisions on ocean mail contracts in order that bids for the necessary new ships might be adver- tised earlier. American business met the Govern- ment, move by move. The major divi- sions of industry, notably the railroads . and the utilities, scaled up their con- struction plans for the new year. When a final recapitulation of these pledges was possible the Nation learned that construction in the entire Nation, which normally runs about $8,000,000,000 a year, would mount toward the $10,000,- 000,000 mark in 1930. One important factor in maintaining the “equilibrum” during this trying Win- ter has been the truce reached by capi- tal and labor. Unemployment has been used throughout all history as the occa- sion for reducing wages. In America ‘wage scales are manifestly higher than anywhere else in the world. Yet busi- ness leadership, actuated by a new phi~ losophy of economics and by very human and sympathic motives, voluntarily ex- pressed a desire to maintain those high wages. Labor, for her part, pledged to withhold demands for increased wages or for changed conditions of employ- ment. Reluctant to Cut Wages. ‘There has been no deviation from this policy on the part of business leadership throughout its complex fields. There may be some industries which believe wage cuts are necessary, but they have been reluctant to take such action in the face of a general understanding among business men. In individual cases cor- ration earnings may temporarily suf- er because employers have not applied the old-fashioned remedies for tempo- rary depression, but- it is long-range statesmanship not to cut. The sound- ness of the economic structure as a ‘whole uku‘“ymedence over the distress of the individual factory. Again we must take “What is,” without definite knowledge of the “What might have been. In all these steps the great gain has been a growing confidence that business can largely solve its own problems, in voluntary co-operation with agencies of government. America’s living standardg are above the world level; its machinery of production is more extended and more delicate. Its towering structures of manifold industry are, of course, more subject to shock. Recession, if it came unchecked, might run to extremes. But the social fabric of America, by its very character, rests on a foundation of general information and knowledge. Americans have both the education and the intelligence generally to comprehend something of finance, of manufacture, of transportation, of sound economic law. This effort has been to inform each American in and out of business of the t [ basic and current facts, and then to trust enlightened, prudent judgment to act in intelligent self-interest. It looks as if it has been justified by results. Problem of Philippines Most Vexing in Pacific Delegates to the recent Institute of Pacific Relations meeting in Kioto, Ja- pan, returned to Honolulu with the feel- ing that the “Philippine problem” 1is one of the most pressing in the Pacific area. It occupies much of the attention of the Kioto meeting and apparently will continue to figure in deliberations of th;flolll committees and departments of e institute for the next few years. Chester Rowell of ' California hllypl‘u- posed a plan for the creation of a mixed commisison to study the problem. This commission would be nonofficial, but representative, to study the present site uation and problems of ippine ad- ministration with & view to recommend= ing certain el in the political status of the islands, though not neces- sarily independence. The commission wuld:‘- w'u of one member from United States Chamber of C s American Federation of lecr.nl.!nlntllgul Education Association, Federation of Women's Clubs, National Farm Bureau Federation, American Political Science Academy, American Bar Association; Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines, Philippine _National Federation of Teachers, Philippine Chamber of Commerce, Phlllpplne Na- tional Pederation of Women's Clubs, Philippine National Agricultural Con- gress and Philippine Bar Association. The American and the Philippine gen- eral groups as above specified would :;xc.h e!e;t ').;. ekhdth“l’rhumber to act as irman. ny def of the pl; - main to be 'ur;ed uute.d lneluf! g tha | .- . Notorious Gem Thief - Is Fined $9 in Berljn | A notorious international jewel thief, | Who stole pearls and precious stones to {the tune of several million dollars in the United States, was condemned to a fine of $9 by a Berlin court. The jewels were confiscated by the German reich. This astonishing decision, which punishes the owners of the jewels in America instead of the thief, is based upon & chain of intricate cir tances. The accused is & wu.fi. oo 8 Subsequently was found that the box conmud.;.'.‘]: and R::rh of enormous value. Pol get ges! happened. In spite of all endeavors the rightful n'nen‘pd the Jewels could not be located either in America, England or France. - The treasures were even shown at the in- w{ntlonu ‘fiuuone.duhlbltlm in Berlin, nobody of them; there- fore the police could against the thief. Sandowski missed from the hospital. Some years later he was taken by the police for burglary. He had committed numerous burglaries in the States and had been sentenced to seven years' hard labor, but he escaped from Sh‘-!lng, and after being taken again in Palm Beach, Fla, he made his second eseape as a sailor on an English freight steamer bound for Bremen. ey German Peasants Sue Witch Finding Wizard mo«mm ny 1: doubetleu' -n‘ ':xu-enmy Sountry, vet nob qulte w8 peo- gressive as mig! th At pres- B e e e -y, i o B o gl e oo tune. Cattle have died and the har- vests storms. peasants by the belief in witcheraft. ‘They therefore engaged the services of of Rostock, ‘who, for wn“‘h"vm’:.fl? Fon? 3 s T o _l wizard to be r disclosed tgl' the ully \ ¢ the wizard on h recognized ¢ tor hat they