Evening Star Newspaper, March 5, 1930, Page 13

TEACHERS OPPOSE WILBUR'S PLAN T0 TEACH ILLITERATES Condemn Procedure of Hoo- ver’'s Committee as Edu- eationally Unsound. HOLD MEWOD WOouLD SERIOUSLY HARM CAUSE Aver Finest Citizens Will Regard Movement “as but a Political Gesture.” Condemning the procedure in the present illiteracy campaign as educa- Sionally and socially unsound, the American Federation of Teachers today submitted to Secretary of the Interior ‘Wilbur, who is chairman of the Presi- dent's Nationai Advisory Committee on , & virile protest against what ' it terms the “superficial, psuedo- efficient methods” which the Secre- tary has authorized. The protest was presented in a letter addressed to Secretary Wilbur and signed by Mrs. Florence C. Hanson of Chicago, secretary of the teachers’ federation. Addressing itself at the outset to the recently announced plan of reducing Alliteracy in the United States by the administration of a course of 24 les- sons during an approximately six-week period, the federation of teachers de- clared that such a procedure would definitely and seriously harm the cause of literacy. Challenge Wisdom of Plan. *“We challenge the wisdom of an- nouncing to m:ucmwm as mn! ;r'x:lé h the e g oy R , as and that if people who have mfi' write their names and read a few stumbling words in the news- paper are to be classed as literates, and our place in the literacy of the world is | @he Toening Star WASHINGTON, D. €, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 5, 1930. { | SUBMETERING CASE FIRST FOR KEECH New People’s Counsel Will| Oppose Building Owners in Power Action. Richmond B. Keech will get into| action in his new role as people's coun- sel to the Public Utilities Commission 10 be raised thereby, the cause of uwncz will be definitely and seriously harmed. This announced method, the letter will of Tegard it as but s political ges- e .» Again, the teachers ask if “seri- vahay nether, thia. cam- ly “question whether - w;n’h n-qu!y one to help the illiterate, or whether it is but a means of en- those who are at present illiter- ates to cover up their illiteracy when the ecensus enumerators appear in The federation expresses itselfl as mindful of the survey which is being made on the entire question of adult illiterates and asks if it would not be *safer, and certainly saner to allow the work_which is being done to be based on the findings of -this survey rather than to hurry through a superficial, psuedo-efficient, campaign which by enabling men and women to write their names when the census enumerator the tes and e S lies the al and to read a few words “the program but in no way will hat & la percentage p::iflm."r”canflnumg, ers assert: ‘e must emw]rd to rlo' }:“1{1 'II: programs which hold uj e illusi of literacy and we must definitely stand de t if 1] one's name our greatly prevent for the fact of literacy. We want peo-| ;.. ily read and that means ple who can really read o lunge these peopl ;mch darker that there will be no hope for them.” True Statement of Conditions. “Let us have a true statement of our @epiorable condition in the 1930 cen- sus,” the letter to the Secretary asserts: “and let the National Advisory Commis- sion on Illiteracy work out a program fitted to the facts obtaired from this statement and based on such scientific research of the adult’s ability to learn as Tnorndike's experiments in adult Jearning, in which it is shown that the edult can learn with approximately as great speed as the adolescent child, but not more rapidly. Only :ne intcllec- tual giants can master reading and ting habits in a few months. The average child does not have power to read. comprehensively, an article com- prising a miscellaneous vocabulary, for several years." Commenting specifieajly upon the an- at a hearing in Equity Court Friday on the electric submetering cases, brought by owners of large apartment and office buildings to compel the Potomac Elec- tric Power Co. to continue to furnish current at wholesale rates to be resold to_tenants. Ever since his appointment Keech has been making an intensive study of the history of these cases, and let it become known today that he had de- cided to align himself with the com- mission and the power company in fighting the submetering plan, 1 am opposed to submetering because I believe it would adversely affect the public’s interest” said Keech. “It would merely open up a field for a middle man. to come in and make a profitable business. He could charge any r?'w‘ and retain the difference for @& method whereby the owner of an office building or apartment house buys electric current. at. a.low wholesale rate and sells it to a tenani 1 higher rate. This me'ho}iv. hu:u;lx l‘ve.s the user of the current no service which | fy he does not now receive, Although innocent on its face, Keech pointed out that since the retail rate of curent to the general public is gov- by the return which the po company recel o It centage of current now sold at the re- tail rate would be sold at the whole- sale rate. Keech's position, the first he has taken since taking over the office of people’s counsel last Saturday, is sub- stantially the same as that of the com- ion and the power company. Cor- poration Counsel Willlam W. Bride, as general counsel of the commission, also opposed the submetering plan about a month , intervening because of the t'h‘f‘nqk that time the office of s counsel. e submetering cases have been pending in. the courts .for , several months, progressing through ' various stages of legal maneuvers. The hear- ing Fridsy will be on a motion of the apartment house .and office building owners to strike from the proceedings the power company's answer to a deci- sion of Justice Stafford overruling the company’s preliminary motion for dis- missal of the suit brought by the owner for an injunction to prevent the power service to buildings where current is submetered. With the disposition of this motion the case will be argued on its_merits. Since Keech has not appeared in the proceedings thus far, he said he pro- posed, at the outset of the hearing, to obtain from tae court an order per- and pleadings. The suits against the power company | were filed by the Washington Conven- | ion Hall Co., James L. Karrick, the Crandall Realty Co., Myron P. Lewis, Fobert A. Nordbloom and Fred J. Jor- dan, trustees, and Joseph J. Moebs. Lilliputian Dies. VENICE BEACH, Calif., March 5 (). —Mrs. Bessie Rogers, 46, once widely | known midget actress, died yesterday of nounced course for illiterates, the P? eration of Teachers points out that “in lesson fodr, which fis after one-sixth ©f the course as planned is over, you instruct the teacher to have stu- @ents trace copy and copy their own nemes” They contend that many illit- eraies can crace and copy words, and eontinue, “Yet in lesson six, in which you still continue to have the student race copy, you have the students trace the sentence, ‘I can Tead and write. And. sir, this is in lesson six, after one- fourth of your course has been com- leted ” Toe letter concludes with the brief nt that sithough the national | advisor committee on illiteracy. -'h.\rhwsonzury Wilbur is chairman, incjudes many men and women of national repute, it “does not give proper recognition to the class room teachers, 10 the men and women who have done the greatest amount of actual teaching in the feid of adult Nliteracy: The American Pederation of Teach- with Jocals in practically every in the Unjon, is affiliated with the American Federation of Labor. RSt SRy Explosion Kills Two. TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras, March 5 (7). —Charies Amnoudts, Prench chem- ist, was.killed in an explosion yesterday which aiso took the life of a child and njured several other persons. ‘Arnoudts was a mixture for an industrial the chem- als tiew uw. injuries received in an automobile acci- dent. George Rogers, midget husband company from discontinuing electric | | other children: mitting him to make oral arguments | {No. 1 precincf | The officers said Smith had broken a Scene at the Glassman garage, at 2101 Fourteenth street, this morning when the. place was sealed for a year under the prohibition law. to right, are: Clarence M. Kiefer, an attorney from the prohibition unit detailed to the district attorney’s office, and United States Marshal Edgar C. Snyder. In the picture, left —Star Staff Photo. GARAGES LOCKED ON RUM CHARGE Owners Denied Bond for Use of Property During the Year. United States Marshal Edgar C. Snyder, acting under orders from Justice Wendell Phillips Stafford, today placed padlocks on the two Glassman garages at 2101 Fourteenth street and 1319 L street. The court yesterday signed a final order declaring that the garages had been maintained as places where liquor was stored and distributed d as such had become nuisances within the meaning of the national prohibition act. Use of both ages is denied their owners for one year. Personal injunctions were granted against Herbert Glassman, his brother David and 13 employes of the garages. The building are owned by Francis W. Hill and Henry Sherby. Hill, especially posed the padlocking of his e, op) | but Justice Stafford ruled that he could have discovered the use to which his property was being put by a watch of only one week, which would have dis- closed that large truck loads of whisky "r}e‘tdelh'cred there at all hours of the Keech explained that submetering is nigl ‘The owners sought to give a bond for the use of their properties instead of having them padlocked, but the court denied the application. The ing of a supersedeas bond aiso was used. United States Attorney Leo A. Rover and Assistant United States Attorney Harold W. Orcutt appeared for the Gov- ernment, while Attorney Alvin L. New- myer represented Glassman and Sher- by. Attorney Francis W. Hill, jr., rep- resented his father. REQUIEM MASS IS SUNG FOR MRS. MARY V. MUDD Remains of Widow of Prominent D. C. Newspaper Man Interred in Mt. Olivet Cemetery. Requiem mass for Mrs. Mary V. Mudd, 75 years old, a lifelong resident of Washington, who died Sunday at the Georgetown University Hospital, was sung this morning at St. Paul's Church. ‘Interment was in Mount Olivet Ceme- ry. Mrs, Mudd was the widow of A. I. Mudd, well-known newspaper mi ‘former day manager of the Assoclated Press and the United Press. Mr. Mudd had also served as chief clerk of the publication division of the Department of Agriculture. In recent years Mrs, Mudd resided Wwith a son, A. B. Mudd, of 1824 S street. Besides this son, she is survived by four Sister Claude Agnes of Wilmington, Del.; Sister Mary Jo- seph of the Visitation Convent, Bethesda, Md.; Rev. Maurice A. Mudd, S. J, now in the Philippines, and George W. Mudd of this city, “ BOOKKEEPER ARRESTED. Police Summoned by Burglar Alarm Find Him in Warehouse, A burglar alarm brought police to a warehouse on Pennsylvania avenue near Ninth street last night, where they ar- rested Willlam Garland Smith, 37- vear-old bookkeeper of Farragut. street near Seventh street, and booked him at t station for investigation. glass door in an attempt to force his way into the deserted wplreho\ue. ‘The | of the actress, was critically hurt in the same accident. incident occurred shortly before mid- night. | OF USUALLY The cold, business-like atmorphere of Police Court warmed today with the hard-luck story of a vagrant cripple and the defendant left the court room with money of a judge, & rrmrcuflhl attorney, a clerk, and a balliff in his “jeans.” Ernest T, Thompson, 20 years old, @ cripple by birth, has roamed the country since childhood. He has been unable to secure many jobs because he Is uneducated and because his left leg, paralyzed, serves him only prop. esterday he haited in Washington, en route from Floride to the home of an uncle in Philadelphia. He asked Policeman J. E. O'Neal fot something o eat as the officer was satnteri down loulsiana avenue. ‘The sixth precinet patrol wa was called and the boy transported to the station and charged with vagraney, rY A | | CRIPPLED VAGRANT WARMS HEART COLD POLICE COURT |Hard-Luck Story Wrings Money From Judge, Prose- | cuting Attorney and Two Attaches. Thompson told Judge Ralph Given that_he had a “sitting-down” job in the South for a month until the place closed because of mismanagement. Bad luck trailed him. His elothes caught watchman’s fire in Virginia. He nar- rowly escaped being burned to deal and was forced to don some old rags which the host was kind enough to give him to protect him from the cold. Judge Given immediately dismissed the case upon hearing the story an handed Thompson a dollar bill. Stanle de Neale, assistant corporation counsel, added another; Clerk Charles Driscoll and Bernard Baruch, bailiff, also con- d. O eoson, Wil the well wishes of the court, thanked his benefactors pro- fusely and hobbled from the court room, presumably on his way to Philadelphia. | fire while he was sleeping beside a.| d | $9,300, an increase of 33 per cent. 44 PCT. PAY RAISE FOR COMMSSIONED OFFICERS IS URGED Base Salary, With Incre- ments Fixed by Service, Recommended by Board. ll PRESENT RATE HELD OUT OF PROPORTION TO COSTS 1922 Schedules Were Predicated on“ Expected Decrease in Living Expenses, Report Says. This is the jourth of a series of ar- ticles on the proposal, mow pending be- fore President Hoover and Congress, to Tevise and increase the pay schedules of the Army. Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Public Health Service and Coast and Geodetic Survey. BY DONALD A. CRAIG. To carry into effect its proposal that the pay of men in the Army, Navy, | Marine’ Corps and allied Government services shall be made “generally pro- portionate to that of corresponding po- sitions in civil life” and shall represent | & “proper valuation” of the services| rendered to the Government in Lhel light of present economic standards.! the Interdepartmental Pay Board rec- ommends increases in the pay of com- | missioned officers averaging 44 per cent above the present pay schedule and 58 per cent above the 1809 schedule. It recommends “that rental and sub- sistence allowances for commissioned officers as established by existing law be discontinued and that such officers receive annual pay consisting 8f base pay, with certain increments thereon.” Increments Based on Service. ‘The increments upon the base pay under the new plan would be based upon length of service, and are specified in a table submitted by the board.| They would apply to all grades except those of brigadier general and major general and the corresponding grades in the Navy and other services. Substantial pay increases for the other grades below those of commis- sioned officer also are recommended, as heretofore pointed out in this series, and they will be explained in a later article. At the outset of its inquiry into the pa, question the board takes its stand upon the proposition that the pay act of 1922—the present law—was “under abnormal conditions of post- war demobilization of the services; re- adjustment of the wartime inflation of currency, and an expected increase in the purchasing power of the dollar.” “It is evident,” says the board, “that those rates were predicated on an ex- pected immediate decrease in the cost {of living, which did not materialize.” The board, furthermore, calls atten- tion to the fact that the 1922 law was “framed merely to readjust the pay of the varying grades of officers and men without increasing the demands upon the budget,” and that in some cases officers actually receive less under thtli law than under the prior laws of 1908. Reverts to 1908 Act. In formulating its proposals for “cor- rective legislation” the board has re- verted to the pay acts of 1908 for the; Army and Navy, which, it points out, were d in “normal periods, with no radical change imminent in either of the services or in the economic con- ditions within the country.” It is assumed by the board that the pay acts of 1908 “represented the eval- uation by Congress of the worth to the Government of the services of the per- sonnel of the Army and the Navy under then existing economic standards.” By a comparison of those standards, as measured by salaries paid in industry and the actual cost of living, with the; istandards of today the board has worked | out the new pay schedules. With respect to the new schedule; recommended for commissioned officers, the board says: i “This schedule represents approxi- mately 60 per cent increase over the 1908 schedule, which is by no means disproportionate to the increases ef- fected since that date in other govern- mental services of the United States, and which is, in fact, less than the in- crease in the cost of living.” Base Pay Is Tabulated. ‘The proposed new schedule of annual pay for commissioned officers of the six services using the titles of the Army, and also relating to officers of corre- sponding rank in the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Public Health Service and Coast and Geodetic Survey, is as follows: Major general—Base pay, $14,000; in- crease, none. Brigadier general—Base pay, $12,000; increment, none, - Colonel—Base pay, $10,200, with $300 more after three years' service in the grade, Lieltenant colonel—Base pay, $8,700, with $300 more for each three years' service in the grade, not to exceed nine years, to a maximum total of $9.600. Major—Base pay, $6,000, with $300 nore for each three years of commis- sioned service, not to exceed 24 years, to a maximum total of $8,400. Captain—Base pay, $5,100, with $300 more for each three years of commis- sioned service, not to exceed 21 years. to a maximum total of $7,200. Pirst lieutenant—Base pay, $4,000, with $400 more for each three years of commissioned service, not to exceed 15 years, to a maximum total of $6,000. Second lieutenant—Base pay, $3,000, with $400 more for each three years of commissioned service, not to exceed 12 years, to a maximum total of $4,600. Temporary Service Rate. Officers temporarily serving in grades corresponding to general and lieutenant general would receive while so serving additional pay of $3,000 and $1,500, re- spectively, annually. The commandant of the Coast Guard, | the director of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the surgeon general of the Public Health Service would receive the pay of a major general. How this proposed schedule compares with that of the present law is shown by a table prepared by the board on the basis of grade and length ot'nervlce. A major general with 40 years' service| at present receives $9,700, so that his increase would be 44 per cent. A briga- dier general with 36 years' service now receives $7,500, and his increase would be 60 per cent. A colonel with 30 years, service now receives $7,200. and under the proposed schedule would receive $10,500, an increase of 46 per cent. k A lleutenant colonel with 25 years service now receives $6,997, and under the proposed schedule would recel\:: {major with 20 years’ service now re- ceives $5,757, and under the proposed schedule would receive $7,800, an in- crease of 36 per cent. A captain with 14 years' service now receives $4.278, and under the proposed schedule would feceive $6,300, an increase of 47 per cent. A first lieutenant with 8 years’ service now receives $3,358, and under | posed increases in pay pee CONTESTANTS IN G. W. U. CO-ED POP Four of the co-ed contestants in the The winner, to be University publication. ULARITY CONTEST med ‘‘Miss Colonial Belle,” will be Beall, Barbara Miller, Roberta Wright and Peggy Mays. popularity contest being conducted by the Cherry T na ree, George W: J vote. Left to right: Winifred selected by inif —Star Staff Photo. DANCE HALL HEARING ENDS IN DISCORD Application for Permit at 2011 Georgia Avenue Vigorously Pro- tested by Lieut. Van Winkle. A public hearing on an application for permission to run a dance hall at 2011 Georgia avenue broke up yester- day when several of the principals stalked out of the boardroom of the passed | District Building in old-fashioned high dudgeons. ‘The application was made by Thomas E. Gardiner, one time proprietor of the now defunct Old Dutch Mill. He now runs the Silver Slipper Club at the above address, but wants a license to run a dance hall above it. That was what the hearing was about. Capt. Robert Emmett Doyle, in whose gerecmc: the proposed dance hall will located, gave Gardiner a clean bill of health, but Lieut. Mina C. Vi Winkle taiked voluminously in opposi- tion to granting the license. Attorney T. Morris Wampler was representating Gardiner, Gardiner himself, who displayed irri- tation throughout the hearing at the insinuations cast by Mrs. Van Winkle upon the character of the establish- ment he formerly operated, finally shouted: “Well, I don’t want a lcense anyway,” and left. Wade H. Coombs, who was conduct- ing the hearing, appeared flabbergasted at these turns in the proceedings, and was at a loss to know whether to go on with the hearing or to adjourn it. After consulting with Assistant Cor- poration Counsel Walter L. Fowler, he ?efc'ld!d to adjourn it. Then everybody left. ——— e the proposed schedule would receive $4,800, an increase of 44 per cent. A second lieutenant with two years' serv- ice now receives $2,199, and under the proposed schedule would receive $3,000, an increase of 37 per cent. Naval Pay Ratings. All rear admirals in the Navy rank with major cenerals, but for pay pur- poses they are divided into an on and a lower half, the former receis the pay of major generals and the lat- ter the pay of brigadier generals. A clrtlin in the Navy corresponds to a colonel in the Army; a commander in the Navy to a leutenant col- onel, a lieutenant commander to a major, a lieutenant in the Navy to a captain in the Army, a lieutenant (Junior grade) in the Navy to a first lleutenant in the Army, and an ensign in the Navy to a second lleutenant in the Army. Any officer in. the grade of lieutenant colonel who has completed 21, 24 or 27 ears of commissioned service would be considered for pay purposes as having served in that grade for not less than three, six or nine years, respectively. Any officer who in the grade of colonel has completed 27 years of commissioned service would be considered for pay purposes as having served in that grade for not less than three years. “Increments on the base pay,” ex- plains the board, “have in the grade of colonel and lieutenant colonel been based upon length of seryice in those grades, with, however, a compensating provision for officers delayed in pro- motion in reaching those grades. With- out this provision officers whose pro- motion to the grades of lieutenant colonel and colonel was materially de- layed would frequently not be able to reach the higher rates of pay, and the disparity in pay received by an officer in a service where promotion is regular and an officer in a service where pro- motion is delayed would become unduly great.” Departure Is Explained. Referring to the fact that the pro- from second eutenant to major, inclusive, are based on total length of commissioned service instead of service in the grade, the board adds: “This temporary departure from the principle is necessary in order that officers whose promotion is delayed may avoid stagnation in pay as well as in promotion while remaining in one grade, and that such officers may not be required to begin at the base pay for the hext grade upon promotion thereto after a prolonged delay.” When commissioned officers of all grades, commissioned warrant officers and warrant officers are assigned to Government quarters and furnished fuel and light, the board recommends that the following amounts be deducted per year from their pay: All general oM- cer grades, $1,800; colonel and lieu- tenant colonel. $1,500; major, $1,320. captain, $1,080; first lieutenant, $840: second lleutenant, $600; commissioned warrant officer, $600; warrant officer, $480. These amounts represent approxi- mately 15 per cent of each officers’ pay. No service is to he' Dfl“l:l'td for P‘::' poses of pay except active commis~ sioned service under a Federal appoint- ment and commissioned service in the National Guard when called out by or- der of the President. OPTIMIST CLUB GROUP ENJOYS OYSTER ROAST 100 Members of Organization Guests Today of Capital Yacht Club Becretary. More than 100 members of the Op- noon attended the annual oyster roast at the Capital Yacht Club. The Optimists were guests of Henry A. Willard, secretary and treasurer of the yacht club, who provided bus serv- ice to take them to the scene of the roast, at the foot of Eleventh street southwest. ‘SPECIAL SERVICES " OPEN LENT SEASON |Bishop Freeman Urges Speed- ing Nation to Pause for Sober Reflection. ‘The Lenten season is being launched in many churches of the Caplital today— Ash Wednesday—with special devotions commemorative the passion and death of Christ. Episcopalians entered upon the 40-day ?eflod with a special message of nfpenl for sober reflection in the midst of na- tional speed, voiced this morning by Right Rev. James E. Freeman, Bishop of Washington, in Bethlehem Chapel of Washington -Cathedral, to resound across the Nation on the Columbia Broadcastinfi System's network of radio stations. & Catholics, at varying hours in’ their churches, observed the ceremony of the reception of ashes in token of mortality. Special Ash Wednesday services also are being conducted in many churches of other denominations. Urges Slow Procedure. In his message Bishop Freeman de- clared that while the United States boasts of its swift life, it should consider slowly if it is to build fabrics of life that will last. “The unhurried, thoughtful and re- flecting people, who are paying atten- tion to what may be in the future” Bishop Freeman said, “are, after all, our securest builders.” Better reading, more introspection and more time spent in the prayerful quiet of church, he asserted, are among- the factors conducive to the stability of American life. Lent, he sald, provides an excellent time to promote these practices. Washington's downtown churches particularly began today the conduct of special Lenten services for the accom- modation of thousands of worship- ers. Plan Regular Services. St. John's Episcopal Church had services this morning at 8 and 11 o'clock, while an evensong and Lenten address at 4:45 o'clock this afternoon is scheduled. Other Lenten services at this church will be held every Thurs- day during the season with holy com- munion at 8 am, litany and inter- cession at 11:30 a.m. and evensong at :45 p.m. The last service will be held daily except Saturday, while on each Friday afternoon during Lent the serv- ice will be given in French. St. Mary's Catholic Church will have a series of Lenten sermons on the Wed- nesdays of Lent. They will be delivered by Rev. Claud Vogel of the Capuchian College. Stations of the cross will be conducted each Thursday at 3 pm. and on Fridays and Sundays at 7:30 p.m. with the usual morning masses. Church of the Epiphany, Episcopal, will have daily noon services conducted by Bishop Frank DuMoulin of Penn- sylvania beginning tomorrow. Rev. Dr. Z. B. Phillips, rector of the church, preached at the morning prayer today. St. Patrick’s Catholic Church, begin- ning today, will have a short mass at 12:10 o'clock in the afternoon. Stations of the holy cross will be conducted each Friday evening at 7:30 o'clock, while special Lenten sermons will be delivered at 7:30 o'clock each Wednes- day evening. Church of the Immaculate Concel tion will have a course of Lenten se mons delivered by Rev. John K. Cart- wright, assistant pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Sunday afternoons at 5 o'clock. Mass will be said daily at 12:15 p.m. Stations of the cross will be conducted every y and Friday evening at 7:30 o'clock and every Friday afternoon at 2:30 o'clock. Ashes will be dis- tributed today at 5:30 pm., 7 and 30 p.m., following earlier distributions this morning and this afternoon. Benning Man Dies Suddenly. John Taylor, colored, 55, who resided on the race track prn‘i)eny at Benning, was taken suddenly ill last night and Fency Houpital rcached him - respon 08, .response ";n:’n mp mn.ll. Death resulted from na causes. K - timist Club of Washington this after- | imist LIEUT. WILLIAMS GIVEN SEA DUTY Hopes for American Entry in Schneider Cup Races Be- lieved Ended. Hopes for an American entry in' the next Schneider Trophy races, the world's aviation speed classic, virtually have been blasted by the ordering to sea duty of Lieut. Alford J. Willlams, jr., the Navy’s most famous acrobatic and speed pilot and holder of the United States speed record. The orders were cleared late yesterday afternoon and Willlams is to report on Saturday for three years’ | duty aboard the aircraft carrier U. 8. 8. Saratoga. Lieut. Williams, who is regarded as one of the best pilots this country ever has produced, waged an almost single- handed but losing figh country in competition for the Schnei- der Trophy last September. He was the guiding spirit of a private group which financed the construction of a special racing plane at the Philadelphia Naval Alrcraft Factor Ty. The plane could not be completed in time to make certain structural changes which were found to be needed after test runs on the Severn River at Annapolis, Md,, late last Summer and the entry was ‘withdrawn, Was Planning for 1931. Undaunted by this misfortune, Lieut. Willlams and his backers were plan- ning construction of a new racer for entry in the next Schneider classic, which is not to be flown until 1931. His assignment to sea duty, however, is expected to put a complete halt to these preparations and leave the United States without an entry in the classic in which the nations will at- tempt to keep Great Britain, two- time winner of the trophy, from gain- ing permanent possession. The official records of the Federa- tion Aeronautique Internationale credit Lieut. Willlams with the maximum speed record for the United States, a record which he has years. He established the present rec- ;ml for this eo\finfiin a_ Curtiss rac- ng plane, equip) with a Curtiss D-12a 500-hoi wer 3 rsepo engine, af Mitchel Field, N. Y., November 4, 1923, ong-| attaining a speed of 266.59 miles per | tribes, hour. Lieut. Williams also is credited with the development of the principles of inverted flight to a point where it promises to become a decisive factor in future aerial fighting. He aston- ished the aeronautical world during the national air races at Cleveland last Fall by flying two laps of a three-sided closed course upside down, banking the plane on the turns and performing all the maneuvers of ordinary planes in normal flight. Developed Maneuvers. wfle 'i“ lh:hlel?nd man in the world perform the famous “outside loop” and has himself developed several maneuvers which - have ice become standard. Lieut. Williams holds the unique rec- ord of never having broken so much as & stick of wood on any airplane which he has flown during his aero- nautical career of 13 years. After playing professional base ball with the New York Giants for two sea- sons, Lieut. Willlams entered the naval service in 1917. In 1919 he made the first systematic inverted flight tests in an N-9 Navy seaplane. He has devel- oped this method of flight steadily and today has reached the point where in- verh’gl Tight for indefinite periods is % . Tn 1921 he started an exhaustive se- rt;s‘ ):flh:du'g 0{1 the NS-2 seaplane, whic! leveloped spinning propen- sities which had cost the Tives of several Navy pilots. Lieut. Willlams ascer- tained for the first time that a tail spin in this type of craft need not result in & crash. BANDITS ROB VICTIM HELD IN PHONE BOOTH Two hold-up men who: employed a ruse to get him into a telephone booth robbed Asreal Furr, proprietor of a delicatessen at First street and New York avenue, of $39 last night after they had forced him to empty his pockets of two wallets and his keys. The men, both colored, came in about 11 o'clock last night. One asked Furr to tel Freedmen’s Hospital. wife is sick at the hospital,” the bandit said, “and I want you to inquire about an n inf as advised, at wi booth he wi Society and General t to put this|d t | ently made them a peaceful PAGE B-1 OLDEST INHABITED TOWN IN U. S. 1S OLD ORAIB, AR Dr. Judd Makes Claim in Ad- dress Before Anthropo- logical Society. FLOURISHED BEFORE LANDING GF COLUMBUS ‘Fields Are Exclusive Property of Men and Houses Belong to Women, BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The oldest continuously _inhabited town in the United States is Old Oraibi, in Central Arizona, a flourishing little city for a half century before the land- ing of Columbus, Dr. Neil M. Judd, curator of American archelogy at the National Museum, told the Washington Anthropological Society last night. As late as 1885, Dr. Judd said, Oraibi was & town of 1,400 inhabitants, mostly descendants of the original builders, al- though it had been on the decline for a long time. The downfall of the village came in 1906 when the Hopi inhabitdnts were split over acceding to the Govern- ment's demands that they send their children to school. After months of frultless arguments, the conservatives and the liberals agreed to settle the dispute by a tug-of-war. The liberals, although a minority, won. Then, in accordance with the Hopi cus- tom, the conservatives left their homes and all their possessions to the victors and in the dead of Winter went out empty-handed into the desert to build another town, So a school was established at Old Oraibl. There was also_a post office, But these were not sufficient to save the town. The “liberals” of 1908 have grown older and become conservatives, and their children, liberals in turn, have withdrawn from the old town. Meanwhile, there have been two or three splits in the original “conserva- tive group” which withdrew in 1986. Barely 100 Inhabitants, The result is, Dr. Judd said, that America’s oldest town now has barely 100 inhabitants, mostly elderly persons. streets of stone and adobe houses are falling to ruin, and in an- other generation the town probably will be_deserted entirely. But at Old Oraibi, he said. the scendants of the Pueblo Indians liye much the same life they lived in the heydey of Pueblo civilization, when they built towns and developed an agricul- ture far beyond what would be ex-, pected of primitive peoples. Even the’ social customs have not changed greatly, he said. The fields are still the; exclusive property of the men and the houses of the women, Unlike most Indians, the men do all the work in the fields. But as soon as the corn is harvested and stored in the houses it becomes the exclusive property of the women. The man lives in the home only on his wife's suf- ferance. Divorces, Dr. Judd said, usuale ly come only after the corn is harvest- On the last day of the harvest the farmer may return to find the door shut in his face and his blankets and few personal belongings on the ground. Never Question Tribe Law. ‘There is nothing he can do about it except pick them up and go back to his mother's house. He has been di- vorced. If he tried to force his way' into his own home he would be tres~ passing on his former wife’s property. Among the conservative Hopi, Dr. Judd sald, there never is any disposition to question the law of the tribe. In Old Oraibi and similar ancient wns, he said, the old religious cere- onials of the Pueblo people still are Enfl.lud. the dances originating in the iva, or subterranean temple, dramatized prayers for rain. Oraibi still has one kiva left, which Dr. Judd was allowed to enter. An old man lives there, his blankets spread on the hard floor. g The civilization of the Southwest which was flourishing when the Span- iards came, Dr. Judd said, is remarkable am primitive cultures, because it ap- parently was so to that of the white men, The Pueblo peoples, he finlnud out, were small farmers depend-, g almost entirely on their crops, find- ing new varieties of corn, and diffe: little in their daily lives from sm farmers everywhere. fr: long asso~ ciation with the soil, he said, a) p-:-« le al- most defenseless inst the , ancestors of the modern Utes, Navajos and Apaches, who descended upon them. These frequent raids, he said, forced them to break up their samall agricul- tural settlements and con, te in hr{er towns, or cliff dwellings, for mu- tual protection. This restricted the areas of cultivatable land to the immedi- ate environment of the settlements. Then a few dry Summers in a naturally arid country practhally destroyed them. The same forces, he pointed out, are at work today. The Hopis submit placidly to the impositions of the less scrupulous Indians and white men around them. Mexican farmers, he pointed out, will go out at night and move their fences so as to include part of a Hopl's field. The Indian is aware of the trick but says nothing. After it has been repeated a few times the Hopi has little land left. Culture 2,000 Years Old. ‘The Pueblo culture, he said, extended over about 2,000 years from its crude | beginnings to its zenith about 800 years ago. It still was flourishing when the Spaniards came. From the first, he pointed out, it was almost en- tirely an agricultural development. The Pueblos replaced in the country a more primitive people, the basketmakers, who already had begun to_ store corn in subterranean bins. The newcomers absorbed the o) population and con- tinued the development they had started. Always, he said, the division of labor between men and women was well es- tablished and the woman was the auto- crat of the domestic establishment. But it was the Pueblo women, he explained, who developed the first “boy bobs,” while the men wore their hair in long braids, elaborately dressed and tied in all sorts of fanciful knots. That the ancient culture has entirely disappeared, he said, is a common mis- conception since the Pueblo tribes, chiefly the Hopli, still have 26 villages with a ulation of about 9,000 where they still live in about the same way as before the coming of the white man. The present generation, however, will mark the end, he said. are mostly bef educated in white schools and adop! white ideas, to the great disgust of the conservative elders. The younger ones have lost faith en- :r':’ly in the picturesque old Albanian Cabinet Resigns. Ot tam pinh & e e of the budget.