Evening Star Newspaper, March 2, 1930, Page 32

(Continued From First Page.) gogue have united with the others denunciation of the Reds’ persecution of religion. Although continuing its struggle for life against great odds, the Greek Ortho- dox Catholic Church of Russia refused to join the sects of the rest of the world in prayers and protests against Com- munist essions. _One of two reasons Jreven them. Either the church feared incurring further Soviet wrath or it was reluctant to offend the great mass of faithful adherents who, because of Soviet education, regatd any suggestion of interest from foreigners as & mani- mflm of capitalist aggression in their Godless Campaign Begun. On_the day before the New York churches Fny for Russia’s salvation, the League of the Godless, communism’s 1 atheistic fety, will to action, beginning a five-year campaign of propaganda and defama- tion. From the sacred prechu‘;t:ahfiuu- cow's synagague, w! been turnedhr('):.:r to it as headquarters, it will direct a program of sacrilege having for its aim and slogan, “A God- less Moscow and a Godless Collectivized Village by 1935 " The Red theater, liter- ature, newspapers and motion pictures are being mobilized to carry on_the cause. A profane play. “Baptize Rus- sia,” is to open Easter Sunday. And on Easter, which this year falls upon the fifth anniversary of the league's incep- tion, there will be crremonlesmmtlrlk:d by the presentation to the state of 10,- 000 new converts to Godlessness. And there bl demonstrations in the na- tm staged last Christmas, ‘when a huge tree, hun':&r",h hi‘d;os\: effigies of European statesmen, wi up and burned: and great heaps of sacred fkons painted by favorite artists of the old church were ignited and blazed in a holy bonfire to light the fanatical orgies of materialism. Despite these demonstrations. this Baster will find the rank and file of those who remain faithful to their creeds buying flowers and willows for the shrines of the saints, and offering rubles earned in Red mills and farms on | the altars of their ancient faith. The devout worshiper notes little change in the ritual, other than an absence of & prayer for the Czar, but it is a church vastly different from the old one which to his spiritual needs. For the Soviets have carried their re- lentless campaign far. Behind the un- cha ceremony the churchgoer hears hisms, provoked by wily iplomacy, have wrecked the unity of the great Orthodox Church's once said, autocratic administration: the | the vast empty steppes into desert of 82 per cent of the population of Czarist Russi; a. Patriarchs who once thundered power- ful edicts in the councils of the Czar Church Wealth and Power Gone. Buzmwmwfificw:lttmdme are gone. en private pi y confiscated at the heflnnln'm Soviet church possessions were not exempted. ' Twenty-two million acres of land, in sddition to buildings and s lquid capital of $4000,000,000 ‘were taken from the Orthodox Church 3 imperty ‘belongs to the state. The church build- ings are let out under contract to local communitiés of believing citizens, rent ', to be used only for prayer houses cult purposes. These ~contracts, voidable at the option of the govern- ment, include minute regulations for the use of the property and place complete | ns upon the practices of the citizens and their priests in rel to the buildings. Not only are the churches deprived of all their wealth, but they are pre- cluded from accumulating new fortunes, as they are denied the rights of judicial Mmma are ilnnplhle of 'lldlng 5 pulsory assessments of the members of the church are forbid- den under penalty of imprisonment for the offending agents. A complete ac- counting to the state is demanded of all priests, showing the amount of money received in voluntary contribu- tions and a record of disbursements. The church organization cannot estab- lish any kind of central treasury for sect funds, but must keep all financial matters local: this checks any strong centralized church with money from coming into being. All funds collected must come only from voluntary gifts of | members of the organization: no nofi- | members can contribute and local gov- | ernments, irrespective of their religious | interests, cannot grant any subsidies | from local state treasuries to the church. Minor Church Members Forbidden. Further basic legislation piled up inst the churches not only prohibits | their former activities, but strikes at the very foundations of their existence. No community of believing citizens entitled to the use of a church building can number among its members any person under 18 years of age and no priest may use the progeny for a school for young people, conduct any social activity in it or keep on the premises any books not required for ceremonial use. As a corollary to these restrictions, he is also forbidden to meet groups of young | ! people below the religious age outside of church property for any sort of in- struction. In this way formal religious education is denied the youth of the land and the complete burden of any church training falls upon the parents, ‘Who must compete with Soviet schools, ‘where all religion is anathematized and [ -materialist doctrine is taught ‘with fervor, The law demanding that all religious organizations be conducted upon a dem- ocratic basis proved an effective and potent move in the Soviet campaign to ‘weaken the church, as it was directly responsible for the schism in the Greek Ofthodox ranks at a time when unity was essential. The Czarist Church was autocratic in its administration. teries and carried out the will of Rus- &ia’s autocrats, paying little heed to the married clergy, who served the people 2s parish priests and were denied seats in the Bobor because of their m mony. condemning the monastic faction for remaining monarchist in sympathy break remained per- viets, by wily manipu- in this way divided their most powerful enemies and now keep them epending their energies in internecine !md:. while atheism presents a united | Today the differences between the , w0 branches lie only in a few dog- in [ ofces ' be revolting parades and | pi;, | or returning from some place where he | 1and reflects the constant concern of the | true Russian feld his fate to be in matic concepts, the chief one being the married clergy to hold Church is under the full control of the Communist party and is heing used by to weaken religion from within its portals. In a recent interview the pa- triarch of the new church renounced this notion definitely, but he agreed with the Soviet theory of education of the young in mechanistic explanations of life, saying it would do them no harm and claiming that there would al- ways be a need for religion in the realm of life's mysteries that exists be- yond the limits of scientific knowl 3 which people will always explain means of religion. It is this religious tendency, 8o strong in the Russian, that forms the great bulwark of the harassed church against the atheistic assaults of Communism. And it is into this spiritual field that the Communists now carry their war. The legislation expiating religion was enacted, the Soviets expiain, in order to remove the churches from the politi- cal domain. The political power of the faith is now crushed beyond repair, its wealth is &:ne and its unity demoralized. And so government does not plan further administrative encroachments. But, through the Communist rty it continues its assault and enters the realms of the spirit to win the souls of people from religion. And here it meets an intangible obstacle. In matters of material law the Russians are accus- tomed to being ruled, and submit read- ily, but their mystic natures have never N restrained. Atheism, to sueceed, must overcome that fundamental force. So the battle is drawn, a mystic- ism pitted against propaganda, bias- phemy and oppression. Russian Peasants Sought Deity, It has been said that in old Russia one never met a native who was not on his way to hear something about God had just heard of God. The art of the Russian over his soul. The novels of Dostoevski and Tolstoy do not picture & material people, nor did they come from the minds of materialists. And Tehaikowsky's Pathetic Symphony is not the cry of a mechanical soul. Death, life’s mystery, fate and an eternal effort to find sanctuary from futility in the concept of a Deity run like silver threads through the pattern of Russian life. From the shabbiest peasant on the flat, wind-swept steppes to the Czar in his haunts of ivory and gold, every the hands of a merciful, personal God. When the first blizzard of Winter howled down from the Aretic, snow, the peasants’ work in the fleld Wwas done. Until Spring they were shut n tiny villages and squalid towns. There was no diversion but vodka and a sad, wild song or two. For thinking .and fours. brooding there were many sullen g mosaic and gilded church, the only flash of beauty in an :;:buu":.ty\{.l’ exmemae. and the promises a gowned priest their onl, hoy Famine would come in spite o¥ pe. mell; ben';’sflum.lmeu God was the one to stop it. St ilinesses visited their sqw'ufi-muu hnu“xnegw They X&;k;d to a superior power to cure The mystic nature of the over- flowed from the rituals of mm and magic and omens and charms did great deeds in their tions. Holy men wandered through isolated villages bound for some e in a far city of music and color and light. One often Prayed for rain and rain came, or he chanted for a sick child and the child :‘ 'eu.mwh'n this occurred the wer spread and they were retold. Simple mm m::s.”md m;wrles of the s , Somet {g : - es long after his woul recorded, and the creature my mu {;ltdh would be set, ugtl: cathedrals of chapels of the cun—.onul;ft.cmu S eat ‘There - Then, too, the le cre ““fnc?il;mpghle ulm.??op et cetic who entered a cave had imselt walled ‘In, sxcent fer small opening, through bread and water. disease had killed , the was closed and the grave he life would e a shrine. These were often opened, and in the colder and drier climates the re; !ret;uently ;.en Ifle\andm'o :;d’mummmsd. this ppened, the was _vens an incorruptible saint rried o s monastery, silver tomb of pilgrims, Sarcophagus Exposures Hurt Church. ‘The inherent mysticism of the le that created these superstitions E'“&e most formidable wall that shuts out atheilsm, yet the creatures created by this force have furn: the most vul- nerable points of attack for anti-reli- He was usually an went to in d carried where it ::- ;.lwsd !‘:: and established as a shrine of modern Russia are swinging awa from these irrational concepts, thz Soviets have exploited them to great advantage. When inventories of the monasteries were being taken, tombs of incorruptible saints were opened. In several important churches it was found that unserupulous placed wax images in These disclosures were given wide pub- licity and proved im) struck against the church. churchmen had the sarcophagus. tant blows These exposures, the legal disabilities set upon the faith and the constant propaganda have had their effect ‘upon church membership. The X Church, that numbered 120,000,000 communicants before the revolution, DOW has in both branches about 60,000, 000. The Reformed Church claims 20.- 000,000 and the old Orthodox Church 40.000.000. However, the entire loss cannot be credited to atheism, Protestants, Roman Catholics, Jews and Mahometans, under the Czar, were not given full religious rights, and since these faiths now have eq ivileges with the Orthodox Church have encroached upon its membership. This unprecedented religious life of the nation casts fantastic shadows on the Russian scene. As the ranks of the religious are thinned hundreds of churches are unneeded for houses of prayer. During the last 12 months 73 were closed in Moscow. for St. Isaac has met an ironic doom. Its grandiose pillars of granite that were rolled from Pinland to hold up an ornate facade of angels and saints now shelter guides who lead visitors th; the mighty bronze doors into an anti- religious museum housed beneath the vast gilded dome. The walls lined with many colored marble and the columns of lapis-lazuli_and sacred paintings by Byruloff and Bruni look down upon ex- hibits that have for their aim the de- struction of the faith of those who once worshiped in the lavish church. There are displayed 1,100 pairs of nails, taken from the churches of 1,100 villages in the land, where in each isolated town the separate pairs of spikes had been enshrined as the original nails that hanged the Savior to the cross. In Moscow the savage, bulbous-domed Cathedral of St. Basil sulks at the south end of Red Square, where Ivan the Terrible had it built to quiet his nerves after killing his son. For centuries it was a sanctuary for troubled souls, and by giving millions solace it overcame its tragic inception. Now it is & mu- seum. ‘The chapel on the lower floor of the ancient church is often granted for use in special church holiday services. these occasions great crowds faithful push into the shrine. there are many in attendance, they are largely older persons: there is a dearth of young people at the masses of the old church. On d priests the town form in forsaken lines on eithersside of the walk leading to the building, and there they beg for alms— of the these saints’ days the e tiny hole | ates glous propaganda. Though the churches|be used In Leningrad the proud Cathedral of | offices. ‘Though | Par] Who wander m‘h‘ THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO these words: LT T T T T T e T P P e TP T P T PO P T T T T g NDER the glass top of the desk of an interesting New Yorker I saw a bit of white paper with “The dog barks, but the caravan passes on.” Taken in connection with the man's character and career, the sentence is revealing. He has been barked at plenty, but he has proceeded. He has done his work, built a great enterprise, created employment for thousands of people. The barking long since became faint and very far behind. The First National Bank of New York is presided over by a white-whiskered gentleman of more than 80, named George F. Baker. When his name gets into the newspapers it is usually because some stock in which he is known to hold a large and permanent interest has ad- the human wreckage of a religious debacle. I talked to several of them. Two ‘were dismissed from their by local Soviet officials wi them with political activ- ities, of which they said they were not guilty. b Famous Gates Creak on Hinges. Donskoy Monastery is another melan- choly monument to the faded power of the church. From 1592 until the death of Patriarch Tikon, in 1824, it was the favorite residence of the church princes and a stronghold of the faith. Children | now play on the high red wall that guarded the sacred settlement. The ites through which the monks of y:\ldll Russia went out upon the high- way to collect their tribute from mer- chant caravans bound for Moscow are loose on their creaking hinges. The cloisters that were the homes of prel- are now used as workers’ quarters, and clotheslines drooping !:"h Ws’t garments are strung across the cour yards. The chapel is a museum. The famous cemetery, where the nobles of the church and laity lie quiet in their tumultuous land, is grown to weeds and grass and the crosses on the graves are fusted. Crows flap over the tall pine trees and the groves of white birches. Projected against the struggling church and the hysterical anti-religious activi- ties of the capital is the severe wooden tomb of Lenin beneath the Kremlin wall. I passed it one night with an ardent Communist. We were returning from a walk through the city. He had shown me churches used as workers’ clubs and churches being torn away to in paving the streets and churches used as storehouses for re- ll?hu- properties. He had talked much of Lhamtbo lition of r;nmon. . .:; wle m;x;; proached the sarcophagus of the & soldier in a long, flapping coat walked post around the mausoleum. My Communist companion paused. “There,” he said, nodding toward the tomb, “lies the man who signed the death warrant of religions.” Inside the mausoleum a dim red bulb lowed in the narrow corridor. Below t lay_the body that held the spirit of modern Russia. It is perfectly pre- served and reclines as though asleep. In their concept of this man and his doctrines the irreligious Communists have found an outlet for their religious tendencies. They have the beginnings of what they regard as a new faith, and already possess an “incorruptible saint.” Rome Suppresses U. S. Films About Russians In the course of two weeks three American films were suppressed by the Italian government at important Roman movie houses. At the time of the banishment these three films were drawing large crowds and no public notice was issued beforehand, which left film fans stranded before the box . The films were “The Patriot,” starring Emil Jannings and Lewis Stone, showing at the Moderno; “Ador~ ation,” starring Billle Dove and An- tonlo’ Moreno, showing at the Super- h|cinema, and another starring Lya de Putti and Don Alvarado at the Ca- ica. All the three flims were im- m with poignant Russian atmos- phere, which seems to have a momen- tary grasp on Hollywood. Italian film fans shrug their shoulders and don't know why, but the works depict many revolutionary scenes with all the color and truth once displayed in the land of the present-day Soviets. Woman Who Rules Tiny Island Is to Be Married A woman who is “uncrowned queen” of an island which has been described as “an emerald set in a sapphire sea” is to marry. She is Mrs. Dudley Beaumont, widow of John Dudley Beaumont, or— to '. her official title—La Dame de lfit[" Mrs. Beaumont is the owner of On | the Island of Sark, the romantic chan- nel island which boasts the smallest liament in the empire. . She is, to all intents and purposes, ruler of the island and all dues and taxes are paid to her, Mrs. Beaumont presides over Parliament, known as “Chief Pleas,” when it meets, three times a year. Most of the islanders know English, but the langus in everydsyuse is a French Patois of Normaa origin, vanced a hundred points in a week and added several millon dollars to his fortune. A friend of mine visited the bank on business, and came back with this sentence: “The vision to see them; the courage to buy them; the patience to hold them.” Whether it came from Mr. Baker or not, it is his philosophy, and the secret of his fortune. In Boston there is another old man, perhaps the most unselfish human being I have ever known. His whole life has been devoted to service to the city’s poor, and the look in his eyes is a benediction. I asked him once (Continued From Third Page.) was unwllnnf to have his son a loafer, waiting until he could add a year or two more to his age. So the boy was apprenticed to a blacksmith in Vienna. His parents thought he would be trained in the use of the hammer and anvil. Young Masaryk found himself taps: a cruelly monotonous process of three motions, endlessly repeated day after day. The place was bearable only because at night he was free to browse in the school books he had brought with him: a history, an algebra and, best of all, an atlas. One night his books were stolen. Young Masaryk gave up the job and walked the two days' Jjourney back to his village. Here his father put him under the charge of the local smith. The story of how & chance encounter saved young Thomas from being buried in the smithy for life reads like fiction instead of fact. One of his former teachers, chancing upon the sooty-faced boy ap- prentice, was so shocked to see his for- mer apt pupil so engaged that he immediately mustered all the influence he could- and secured- a place where the boy could go on with his studying, earning his way as he went. Here again the young Masaryk was etting a stride he carried through life. m that moment until he finished his doctor's work in the University of Vienna, Masaryk earned his own living. He tutored other students, he “substi- tuted” in a Vienna high school. He was already contributing small articles to the papers. In school Masaryk was a leader, first in his studies and later in the newly formed Czech patriotic societies. In an empire where the dominating culture was German, minority groups had to organize to prevent being completely submerged. So strongly did Masaryk as a student in the university feel his calling to battle for his peorle'l rights that he gave himself the middle name “Viastimil,” which means “one who loves his eountr{." Then, stfangely enough, the young g:trloh found that his first battle must against his own le. For more than a generation Czech patriots had fed their pride on some ancient manu- D. C, MARCH 2, 1930—PART TWO. whether he is worried about the future. “You give away - all you earn,” I said. “What will you live on when you are too old to work?” For answer he pulled a slip of paper out of his pocket- book and passed it over to me. “Trust in the Lord and do good. So shailt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed.” That, he said, is a promissory note fro~ the Owner of the Universe. On that promise he has lived for 70 years, and he has confidence that it will continue to be good. Each of these three men has continued in the world a long time, and paid a price for experience. Each is quite different from the others, Yet, from their three mottoes one might evolve something in the way of a philosophy. “If you are going to do anything you must expect criticism. But it's better to be a doer than a critic. The doer moves; the critic stands still, and is passed by. “You must believe in something—in yourself, in the country, in God. You must have courage to back that be- lief with your money and your life and patience to wait for fulfillment.” This is old stuff, you say. And I answer that every- thing important is old stuff. Love is old stuff. Building a home is old stuff. Becoming a father is old stuff. But all old things become thrillingly new as each man discovers them for himself. (Copyright, 1930.) CLLULLERL LT DT DY ‘Built and Stabilized Nation scripts purport to be early Czech poetry. 1If genuine, these documents proved the Czechs to be the oldest cul- tured nation in Central Europe. But Masaryk was led to question the au- thenticity of these much-prized manu- scripts. As editor of a cultural maga zine, the Anthenaeum, which he him- | self had started three years before, he | facing & machine for making iron heel | led a campaign to acclaim them false. Attacked by Newspapers. The resulting storm nearly cost Masa- rvk his position in the university. All the newspapers attacked him. They accused him of having been “bought” by the Hapsburg vernment to dis- credit his own people. They called him traitor and even worse. The university faculty did its best to expel him from the school. Some kinder critics, admit- un#"mn the manuscripts were for- geries, insisted that no true Czech patriot would parade the fact before the world. 1t was several years before Masaryl recovered from the effects of the battle. His saiary in the university was re- duced, his magazine ruined, but he had won his case. Within & few years the whole country accepted his thesis that no nation should attempt to build its reputation on a falsehood. The cry of traitor was raised against him once more a few years later, but this time Masaryk was accused of trea- son, not merely to the Czech people, but to Christianity as a whole. Historians know it as the Hilsner case—a Jewish tramp accused of murdering a Christian girl to use the blood in religious cere- monles; & hasty, unfair trial where prejudiced witnesses and outworn super- stitions played an important role. Most of the newspapers joined in the Jew- baiting. As 5o often in European his- tory & corrupt government sought to detract attention from itself by at- tacking the Jews. The death sentence was recognized by many as unjust, but no one intervened in favor of the friendless vagabond. But Masaryk spoke out against the Injustice of Hapsburg courts. He raised such a storm in his own paper that all Europe was aroused. Although he was only a university professor with no di- rect connection with the courts, he sud- denly became a prosecuting attorney, Hoover Studies History-Making Forces In Decisions on Governmental Issues —(Continued From First Page) the new type of statesman was inevi- table; that America was obliged to de- velop or discover such a man as Mr. Hoover is, and will be obliged to de- velop or discover successors to him. Every era has its own needs, and a statesman who fits one age perfectly is utterly misadjusted to another—as Kaiser Wilhelm and the late Czar of Russia discovered when they tried to be seventeenth century heads of state in a twentieth century order of society. ‘What the immediate future state of civilization in America seems to call for is the Hoover type; a combination of ractical ability with ideals of benevo- lence; sufficlently familiar with eco- nomic forces and sufficiently experi- enced in directing them to be able to deal competently with the intricately interrelated mechanism upon which, to put it grandiosely, civilization rests; or, to put it simply, through which men and their families procure their daily bread, as well as their automobiles and radios, without disastrous interruption. A respect in which current newspa- pers often differ from subsequent his- tories (if the latter are thoughtfully written) is in the degree of emphasis which newspapers put upon political a. Twenty-two to thirty years Roosevelt was in one row after an- Congress, and the fighting provided much of the passing show for that fimuuon. Roosevelt'’s adver- saries the Capitol, Aldrich of Rhode Island, Tawney of Minnesota, Baile: of T::u. Tillman of South Carolina, through the headlines datly. | th flam But who knows now what it was all .hgumnnrly” much of the past year’ , 'S Political drams has been based on the Senate and the President having pur- poses not wholly identical in respect to farm relief and the tariff. As re- spects farm rellef, the President rec- ommended one type. Twice in spec- tacular roll calls the Senate passed a differing type. The House stood with the President. There was much com- motion, great noises, big headlines. In the end there was enacted into law a farm relief bill which hardly differed by 8o much as a sentence from the type the President had recommended. ‘The tariff controversy, so far, has tended toward a similar. outcome. At the time this is written it is not pos- sible to say what the final tariff meas- ure will be. The steady gravitation, however, has been toward conformity with President Hoover’s recommenda- tion. recommendation was a broad and generous revision upward on farm crops and a limited revision as respects industries other than agriculture. The House, in this case, departed from the President’s recommendation, writing a bill which, as respects industries, was a_ considerable distance from limited. Thereafter all the last eight months’ Broady, of bringing the bl as respects , O , 88 rates, back toward the -Pr 2. lent’s formul: final conference the tariff bill omits 'S gl-n!orlne rt_bount; on crops, and if it omits the Senate’s plan to take away from the President e inistration of the flexible pro- g:m—ln that evsnt,uuln;ee ‘wul t;e n & striking paralle ween the course of the M!E: and that of farm accusing the whole judicial l{lhm of the empire. International public opin- lon became too strong for the Haps- burgs. A retrial was ordered, “because Questionable evidence seems to have been submitted.” The tramp's life was saved, and Masaryk had earned the Rdymg gratitude of all the Jews of ro pe. This attack the authorities could not permit to pass unheeded. Masaryk felt the government's discipline at once. Organized demonstrations prevented his lecturing in the university. Newspapers spread horrible attacks on his home and family. For the only time in his life he was ready to give up and leave the country. Only courage of his Amer- ican wife prevented it. His duty lay with his own people, she insisted, and Masaryk remained in Prague. He became still more un| lar with the Hapsburg government when, a few years later, he was elected to Parlia- ment. Here he speedily became the ized leader not only of his own people, but of all the oppressed minori- tles in their struggle for justice within the empire. He it was who wrote their ?rom. He led their organized ef- orts to win & measure of autonomy from the Hapsburg government. Every speech of his was a sensation; here was one member who had the courage to !gelk the truth. His broadside agains the government for its dishonesty in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a terrible blow to Austrian prestige in mum-&n&-l g""' "Im.h il-l:lth?x,: power the Hapsburg empire aga! 3 one man, armed with &e truth, fought through to victory. When the war broke out Masaryk recognized his opportunity. He was sure the old empire would crumble; from the wreckage he must rescue freedom for his people. No more re- markable record of prophetic insight has appeared in any of the post-war memoirs ‘than Masaryk's own modest story of what he saw in the years just ahead of 1914. If only conflict should be long drawn out, he felt, he would have time to bulld a new and independent state for his own nation. He guessed that it would be a I war. But he wasted no time in begin- ning his work. First he organized a secret soclety of patriots at home. The record of their service through four long years of war—code messages, jail sentences, executions—reads lke & novel. Then, leaving his home for what he knew would be anent exile if his plans should fail, Masaryk set out to earry his battle into other countries. Already under surveillance by the Austrian police, by sheer cold-blooded nerve he compelled the border officlals to permit him to pass into Italy in December, 1914. He little suspected it then, but he was setting out on a jour- ney around the globe. He must win the allied governments to his view that the Austro-Hungarian Empire should be broken up. This proposal ran counter to the strongly intrenched tradition of the French and British foreign offices, After months of painful effort in France, writing, interviewing, carrying on a veluminous correspondence with Czechs the world around, Masaryk got his first sign of encouragement in an interview with Briand. In England it Wwas not much better. The war was not going well for the allies, and this dreamer with his talk of minority na- tions seemed to be getting in the way. Some loyal friends, to be sure, gave el ent, Prof. Seton- Watson and Henry Wickham Steed, then editor of the London Times, pub- licly supported him. He needed it. A home the best members of his organi- zation, including his daughter Alice, had been sentenced to death. His wife Wwas constantly troubled by the atten- tions of Austrian secret agents. Still he refused to gis “It would be “Here we cts | tional an of a commander with an army at his y | disposal. In Russia were tens of thou- sands of Cgech prisoners, former Aus- trian soldiers. He would organize these lnw]n:‘ army ulnd place it at the dis- posal the allies. mghmhthemlyv&m&%dmfl: Russia, - Governments changed almost ong | a5 & military unit and could Ours a Democratic Navy (Continued Prom Third Page.) ‘Then about & third stay and the other two-thirds of first enlistments, to the tune of about 10,000 a year, return to P egarding this fact, our N Regarding , our Navy realizes it is confronted with & dual responsibil- ity. Its first and greatest specialized duty is to train men for the battle line. Its second is to educate them so that if they again become private citizens of | this Republic they will find themselves | equipped for life. is second duty also the Navy per- forms superbly, providing the enlisted men with better business or technical training than they would have received in our average school system if they had remained on shore. Time was when there was competi- tion between recruiting stations for numbers of enlistments. Those days are over., Now the competition is for quality, not quantity. The year just past saw 81,848 men apply, with only 13,719 accepted by the Navy. There's a walting list today at every Navy re- cruiting station in spite of the fact that they will get relatively less pay for the next four years than they could get in civillan shore jobs. Why? “What's. hard to get is what the American wants” a Navy officer re- marked to me. But he also pointed out that dotted about the country are many other Who have had ‘that Navy training and are making good on it. Down the street is the chap who is running his own garage. He learned all about gas engines in the Navy. Up the street is a lad rising in a drug store business. He studied pharmacy in the Navy. Officials in Washington figure out the minimum requirements and send out word t0 the recruiting stations. With their quotas fixed, the officers handpick the applicants. The very locations of the recruiting stations have been carefully chosen. They are placed in good communities, where decent citizens resort, not wharf rats and bums. A young man applies. He is given a preliminary physical, psychological and personal examination. If he passes them an officer repairs to his home and learns, with all the detail of an expe- rienced social worker, what those hom congmom ne,h lr:‘ he‘::: ;‘ell}?vu de- pendent upon him, so s Navy pay of $30 or $40 a month will be inade- te for their support, he is rejected. he has a police record he is rejected. “h'be time ‘r: flldly rmnln[ vhsn our police court judges suspend sen- tence on a man if he will agree to join the Navy. Such a man can't get in. Navy Brings Out Latent “Best.” It makes men out of boys, gentlemen out of men and sometimes also officers as well as gentlemen. Each year 100 enlisted men may go (If they want to and can T:lsmy) to Annapolis to take officers’ training. Always the Navy asks to develop “?a- sonal responsibility, leaders quick- ness of wit in an emergency. are always daily examples of the effective- ness of its training. Take, for one, the tale of what happened recently in a railroad wreck in New Jersey. The train was overturned, wrecked, in flames. Out of the confusion of noises of escaping steam, the screams of agony, the dazed efforts of the injured to extri- cate themselves, arose three seamen of Uncle Sam—Charles J. Cole, chief yeo- man; Karl F. Crenoweth, chief boat- swain’s mate, and Charles Ludlow, chief boatswain's mate—together with others, unrated men of the Navy. “‘Save women and children first,” cried Chenoweth—that old cry of the heroes of the sea. Seaman Schertil of the Florida freed & woman from the wreck, bound her wrist, from which the hand was nearly severed, and took her to the, hospital ‘where her hand was amputated. Physi- clans said that by his quickness he had saved her from bleeding to death. ‘Their own clothing half torn off, en- listed men wrapped their peacoats and sweaters about the injured passengers to save them from the bitter cold they themselves seemed not to feel. Stories of mere heroism might be con- sidered ordinary. When recently an ex- losion on the Poinsetta filled the har- r with burning brands and covered the waves with burning oil, Atchison, of the Antares (home address Florida), first remembered to turn in an alarm and then plunged into the blazing wa- ters to save Carey, the carpenter’s helper. np:neum of our Bureau of Navigation (sent about ams the service “for the P of disse: ting information of probable interest”) are full of tales of similar heroism, sand between notes about aerial surveys and new Slu- picture slides. A single recent letin contains six such items. suggests a deeper meanin, call Hankow mu;’:e, or how an enlisted man averted an international episode. Concentrated Chinese hatred of all foreigners is at its height. Bluejacket goes ashore. Bluejackets are meat for Chinese ricksha coolies. This bluejacket ashore does not hire a rick- sha. He walks into an inn. While he is in the inn a flcklfim coolle draws up to the door and waits. Bluejacket comes out and the ricksha — O R faster than their policies. He had to deal with bolshevik sples and German agents. Food was scarce; proper muni- tions more so. Through it all he held steadily on, and within a year he had e parmission for 1t to leave.Kussia rm! for leave gk s offer to the allies substantial assistance. Prospects for the new Czechoslovak state began to look better. From London and came new lamations rec. ognizing the rights o minority peoples. But this was not enough. had entered the war. the hands of one man, Masaryk felt, was the key to his lem. He must win Woodrow Wilson his case. He started across Siberia and the Pacific for Washington. Here every one assured him he never could get to see Wilson. “But I will see him,” Masaryk told his friends. And see him he did. With the result that other conferences took place between the two ex-professors, and (it must be inferred from the foregoing) that eventually Washington sent out the fa- mous statement recognizing the inde- pendence of the Czechoslovakians. A few weeks later came news of the revolution in Prague and a national as- sembly in which Masaryk was elected the country's first President. Probatdy never in history has there been such a moment. Here was & new state whose government was in Paris, its army in Stberia, its President in America and most of its territory still in the hands of its enemies. Masaryk returned to e amid such ovations as the city in its 1,400 years of history had never witnessed. The simple professor who had left Prague four years before to go into voluntary exile which might have been for life returned now as new state, His lifelon dependence for his peoj No wonder a German philosopher traveled all the way to Prague “to see one truly happy man.” Musatyk's Deople hupoy. ton, ‘der b asaryk's e Y, t00. Under ‘wise lemm thzyw have become one of the hulwdnrkl olhlng'rnnflan] 'fl €0- o%e‘nuon and peace ntral Europe, ha difficult times and sharp crises in inner "slml':m fl‘l’:’“ state hlAl. ‘ln old empire, new mi- nority nationalities ui deal 'm:—(:hl-J - mans, uthenians, Jews. insisted Masaryk ‘upon Tantagen, the’ samme Tihts o ot o e same hold office. “We are all emn.l."' he says. “We must all be equally free. And now he has attained the ripe age of 80 with his country’s independence not merely achieved, but so firmly rooted after 11 years of self-government that 1‘ seems as though it might have been & separate entity in the Europe for 100 years, coolie demands his pay for walf for him. Bluejacket refuses to be 3 He starts to walk away, while the rick- sha coalle shouts. Out from doorway And cave hole, up from the very street, rises quickly a sin- ister mob of howling Chinese, threaten- ing bluejacket. It is touch and go for his life. Bluejacket turns and surveys them. ‘Then he makes a sweeping gesture—as a man who draws a knife. They mo- mentarily fall back, still threatening. A yell and a forward thrust of the mob, Bluejacket leans over the coolie, draws a cigarette from the coolie's pocket. With a laugh, a superb wave of the hand, bluejacket lights the cigarette. The mob is changed into his laughing sym- pathizers. The coolle has “lost face.” For bluejacket knows his Chinese—and has kept his head. Some love of adventure there must be, some willingness for daring in the soul of the man who enlists. But stories by the score such as these point to the presence and the development in the service of xomethlns else, too—some- hing of quickness, of wit, of efficiency n . of heady control. moment of enlisting that training The recruit is sent at once to a training station at Hampton Roads, Great Lakes in Chicago, Ne: it or San mefn New arrivals are Egpl for s sort of incubation period of three wi under observation for physical disease, for moral or mental disorders. th(}meul classification tests are given em. Each Individ At the same time a careful study of each individual man is made. Some- times & chap thinks he wishes to be machinist’s mate and finds his true tal- ent by transferring to the Hospital Corps; or he finds that though he thought he would be a radio man he is For nine weeks he stays at the la station, directing toward a specialty if advisable, yet at once beginning to learn the lowly tasks that every seaman must learn—how to wash in a bucket of water and launder his clothes in it afterward; how to keep his clothes in order and stow them in a seabag, how to sleep in & k and swing it overhead by day, how to clean up after mess and stow the table overhead—and how to keep his self-respect in every task. If, in the training station, special :gmuda is shown in certain directions, e recruit stays on to complete his course. If not, he s at once to sea. Yet even on board ship he will be ’lven further opportunity to find himself, to develop special aptitudes. His studies can be carried on through the way the ship's company is organized. ship's company 1s divided into de) ents, each under its own officer. each department there is a further arrangement. into divisions, each tions under junior and petty officers. Each division is assigned a ce: part of the ship, with its own lockers, its own hammocks to be proper|y stowed, its folding mess tables seating ten each and mess benches. At 5:30 in the morning (or 5 in the tropics) all hands are turned out to & cup of coffee and much cleaning up and routine of momln;r:‘tch. hungrily falling upon the 7:30 akfast of ham, bacon, beans, eggs, pancakes and fresh fruit when the ship is near enough to sources of supply. At 8:15 the bugle sounds again, and the bosun’s mate®pj to clean up the wreckage after breakfast, to sweep the decks and shine the brightwork, Quarter past 9, and the bugle ealls quarters. All fall in on deck. Now is the time for 1 on and for an- nouncements by division officer of “items of interest.” Now the sun-dodger” comes up from his dark lalr below decks and joins in setting-up exercises in the fresh afr and for routine drill. And always, cept on Saturday and Sunday, “battie-stations” — that drill makes doing your part in time of dan- ger as instinctive as shutting the eye. Only from such eternal drill can the ) infinite and delicate processes of mod- jern naval ships and their gunfire be carried on, though necessarily they are ordinarily so carried on without the discharge of a single gun. A naval gun, you see, is good for only about 125 ::o" without retubing, so that firing em process. “Canned” Problems Given Men. Canned problems are given the men for quick solution. Ship control prob- lems. Sudden cry that a steering gear is out. What to do? A boller is out. What to do? An explosion in a tur- ret. Some one, theoretically, seriously wounded. ~You, men in the Medical Corps, get that stretcher down the hatch without killing the patient. Gunnery roblems. Communication problems. le: and sim: ship problems”—but problems to keep the men awake, alive to emergency. ertime. A sacred hour for the men, during which the band plays and the boys forget their troubles. Then an afternoon devoted to the upkeep of the ship. And in that upkeep the processes of & whole town. Steel scaled by salt water to be chipped and red-leaded. Gear stowed below getting rotten; break it out and repair. Overhaul the machinery. Make pills or squint down a microscope for the ship's doctor. Make P opork m‘“ w430, 1h port it o at 4:30. means liberty. At sea it means sailor amuse- ments—boxing, wmmnx and the sail- or's favorite game of “Acey-ducey.” It means endless scrubbing and mend- ing of clothes. At half-past 5 there is supper, and after that there are movies ~|and at half-past 9 the bosun's mate plr- down. . t is an active life. In the work of the ship itself there is a eonsidérable experience for civilian life, The an handling his books, the painter, the pharmacist, the en, the mechanics—all are working dally at peacetime jobs. " » Of the 10,000 of these men who an- nually return to private life, many en- ter the Naval Reserve. Not all of them. Yet it is to thelr Navy training that we must look for added experienced help in the event of national need. Visa lied Tape Cut For All Americans (Continued From Third Page.) is true no matter how long the Amer- ican residence has been and no matter how numerous the previous entries. Foreign Wives of Americans, Bo far as foreign wives of American citizens are concerned it Is not eclear ‘whether the purpose of Congress is to encourage American husbands ‘. go abroad without their wives or to favor vision, likely map of | pect’ becomes a rather expmnve' with its division officer, and into sec- 3