Evening Star Newspaper, January 11, 1930, Page 6

K6 THE EVENING STAR | With Sunday Morning Editio WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY....January 11, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor | them expressions of their own person- | perature drops below freezing. vening Star Ne Company T e o RS o New York O 10 East dand 8. o Uropean Oficer 14 Rate by Carrier With e Evenine Star % ver month Sinday 8 o fl‘ and T o MVening ‘and. Buidiy iar T DT mOR Bundy s¢ per month it mont, i % ©.ders may be telephor.e NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. aryland and Virgini fly and Sul 1 vr.. $10.00: junday only All Other States and Canad: .1 yr..$12.00: 1 me B 1me {ly and Sunday. ily only . 1 0. unday only 1yrl $5.00: 1 mol. in the City. 45c de at il sent in by mail o 1mo. 11mo., £0c s0c Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use tor republication of il news dis- at credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and slso the ‘ocal news published herein Al rizhts of sublication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. A Preliminary Report. Criticism of the President's crime commission for its failure to present a report of its work, and particularly a recommendation regarding prohibition enforcement, has perhaps been the cause of the presentation of the partial or preliminary statement which has just been made public. Upon a careful read- ing of that statement it would appear | that there has been no ground for the complaint on the score of inaction or indecision on the part of the commis- sion. For it becomes evident that the work assigned to the commission and undertaken by it is altogether too ex- tensive to permit any returns worthy of consideration so shortly after organi- ration. The task set the commission was to study lawbreaking in the United States, to discover, if possible, the cause of the apparently increasing percentage of crime, to consider ways and means of | lessening it, to determine the responsi- bility for the disregard for the law. For this purpose the President summoned a'| body of eminent men, highly qualified by thelr abilities and experience to con- duct such an investigation. They were all volunteers; all have served at their own expense. They have not been able to devote all their time to the task, for | their own interests have demanded some attention. They have organized a staff of researchers. Now, perhaps in some degree in consequence of the prod- ding inspired by a desire to make po- litical capital on the score of the prohi- bition issue, they present a summary of the preparatory processes and one broad conclusion regarding the inade- quacy of the criminal law enforcement machinery of the country. ‘There is no occasion for surprise in this statement by the crime commis- sion. Indeed, it is merely a statement of the condition for the cause and pos- sible cure of which the commission was appointed. If the enforcement ma- chinery of the country were adequate, the criminal laws would have been en- forced. The syllogism is self-demon- strative. The commission recites several criminal categories as overtaxing the capacity and effectiveness of the na- tional agencies—prohibition, automobile theft, white slave traffic and immigra- tion specifically. In short, the initial, conclusion of the commission is that enforcement has broken down in vari- ous directions, prohibition included. If any recommendations have been! made to the President respecting pos- | sible legislation or reorganization of administrative agencies, they are not made public. It is altogether likely that no specific recommendations have been | made. Certainly the layout of the com- mission’s inquiry, as disclosed in thls} preliminary report, is so broad that it| would be surprising to find the com- mission ready to prescribe for the ills| which it is now engaged in diagnosing. | There may be wide differences of opinion among the members of the commission. There may be a sharp division respecting the wisdom of prompt action. But assuredly the work !hll[ was given the commission to do is big enough and important enough to jus- tify—indeed, to necessitate—deliberate procedure. e Prohibition enforcement remains so difficu't that it appears to develop one noble - -oriment after another. Science and iry will testify that most im- por: iscoveries have been arrived at | only citer long and patient work at- | tended by many misgivings. e Dining is so popular a means of en- Sertaining that it should be easy to mrrange enough banquets to permit all | fashionable persons to have a chance in turn at the choice seats. .o Small Home Beauty. A sense of the wordless poetry and goundless music of the small home is dawning on the consclousness of the American people. Such, at least, is the impression of Secretary Wilbur after examining the Teports of the better homes movement for the past ye But the improve- ment still has far to go, as is shown by the most cursory examination of the prevalent types of small house archi- tecture in American cities and towns. Much of the architectural ugliness is due to the perverted tastes of the past two or three generations. The present generation may be indicted justly for its conscienceless destruction of natural beauty in building operations, but it certainly cannot be blamed for such monstrosities as the “three-decker” of New England cities or the boxlike structures of Southern and Western towns. The small home is the lyric of archi- tecture—a medium through which the artist can express almost the whole range of human emotions and reach the heights of artistic expression. = He can incorporate into its lines loves, as- pirations and memories. He can put into it the intangible substance of hymns, ballads, childhood prayers and lullabies. ‘The reason America has lagged be- hind in the artistry of the small home may be somewhat complicated and traceable to no single factor. It may ‘against whom this outrage was com- THE EVENING ! We have not written poems in wood and stone—but Tin-Pan alley songs and verses for cheap greeting cards. Few have built their own houses. If they have, they have not intended them as permanent homes and made alitles. They have planned to tuin them over at a profit, with increasing land values, after a brief occupancy. But for the most part houses have been built with no other motive than imme- diate sale. Closely related to this is another factor. We have been, and remain, a migratory people. Individuals and families are not rooted firmly in locali- ties. For millions the home which would be an expression of themselves has been an ever-receding ideal, and their actual dwelling places only tempo- rary camps along the road to the vision. 4 ‘These reasons, it is likely, have been more important factors than any de- fective sense of architectural aesthetics among the American people. But any one who has lived m Wash. ington since the war cannot but ha noted the enormous improvement rep- resented by the more recent real estate developments in which much con- sideration has been given to beauty of design and permanency of structure, and where every effort has been made to spare the trees and the natural landscape. Due to a changing popular attitude, these factors have become commercial assets. Boundaries and Crime. ‘The Seat Pleasant bombing case di- rects attention to a curious phenome- non, easily explained by the strict boundaries that separate Federal, State and County jurisdictions, but seemingly ridiculously when approached from the viewpoint of common sense. Had the bomb, which destroyed three lives, been sent through the mails the great power of the Federal Government would have been directed in an un- ceasing search for the sender. The trained investigators of the Post Office and of the Department of Justice; men skilled in the detection of such crimes, familiar with the manufacture and use of bombs, amply supplied with funds to carry them wherever the faintest clue pointed, would have been turned loose on the case. No boundary would stop them. Nor would their pursuit ever cease until the case was cleared from the books. But because the bomb was delivered by hand, and not sent through the mails, the Federal Government has no concern with the crime. Its solution was left in the hands of a county po. liceman, assisted by the voluntary as- signment of a lone detective from Wash- ington. Several days after the crime the investigating forces were augmented by two detectives from the Baltimore police. That came about when the at- tention of Gov. Ritchie was forcefully called to the inadequate steps being taken to find the murderer. Now there is little or no difference in the degree of wickedness or depravity between sending a bomb through the mails and delivering it by hand. If anything, the latter act connotes a bolder and possibly a more cunning type of individual. But in the one case the act arouses the United States Gov- ernment to intense activity. In "the other the people of the community mitted are left virtually unaided and, it might be said, helpless by reason of limited means and experience to take proper reprisal. The condition is interesting merely because it exists. Our philosophy of government would not permit it to be! changed. Improper use of the malls is an offense against the Federal Gov- ernment. Planting a bomb by hand is | an offense only against the unhappy | individuals who set it off and the resi- dents of the political unit in which it explodes. There should be no political bounda- ries to protect murderers. But there are. And they are more jealously guarded than the homes that are wrecked. by bombs. ———— The Choir Perpetual. ‘There are evidences that since the dawn of history, and even long before that, man has striven to prolong his memory on earth and to make it, if possible, perpetual. His devices have ranged from mountainous pyramids of stone to tiny ever-burning tapers. Perhaps no one will have come nearer to accomplishing such an end, although that was by no means his principal purpose, than Edward W. Bok, the broad-minded and generous-handed American philanthropist. From his far Southern resting place at the foot of the great singing tower with its more than seventy mellow bells will go up through the ages the sweet song of mating and mothering birds. ‘The tall plle may crumble and the bells be made silent, but the feathered denizens of the sanctuary his wisdom and his love provide will continue to give melody made possible by and through him. To enjoy such a requiem —and who dares say that he will not enjoy it?—must be sweet indeed. ————— Some of the rum ships are evidently carrying bad liquor — possibly with a view to luring captors into regrettable experience. ———— Killing Cold in China. A report comes from Peiping that the severest cold felt for sixty years is now being’ experienced in China and that thousands of people have died from ex- posure. In the town of Fengchen alone 28§00 have been frozen to death, in Sahsien, 2,000; in Paotowchen, 800. The Peiping police have reported 208 men and women found dead in three days. So goes the terrible story, with an estimated total of 15,000 deaths from the cold. Most of these were aged and children. Most of them were under- nourished, in part the victims of famine. At such a time when the bitter winds sweep down from the Gobi desert and the Siberian steppes, where the snow lies in depths of many feet, the lack of food tells horribly against the chances of survival. Relief organiza- tions are virtually non-existent. The Chinese themselves have no reserves or facilities for succoring the unfortunates. The American Red Cross has upon thc advice of a special commission sent | the foreign populations and the mis- sionaries seeking to help the people in their own localities. The fiimsiness of dwellings and the lack of fuel for main- taining warmth in them cause intense suffering to prevail whenever the tem- ‘The people can only protect themselves by putting on more clothing if they have any. Diseases sweep through the com- munities in epidemic form and over wide areas there are no physicians and no hospitals—nothing for the relief and care of the sick. For this terrible situa- tion there is no remedy at present. The government of China, beset by revo- lution and by factional intrigue, hard put to raise revenués for administration after buying off rebellious war lords, cannot reach more than a trifling per- centage of the area of suffering. Even in cities close to the coast, as in Peiping, deaths from the cold and from diseases brought about by low temperature occur in numbers that would in any other country cause a state of panic. e A few naval conference delegates who are not “good sailors” may be wishing they could enjoy breakfast as much on shipboard as they did at the White House, ———————— Night clubs are padlocked in New York, but not so efficiently as to pre- vent the local wholesaler from being with the usual congenial entertainment. Great wisdom is attributed to young Mr. La Follette by his admirers—a wisdem which, if it continues to grow with the years, will rival that of Solomon himself. ——— A few cities appear to seek a reputa- tion for lawlessness on the theory, per- haps, that revenues are increased when a wild time is held out as an induce- ment to foolish money. ——————————— Congressional runs so high that even the mildest statesman may be tempted to wish he could borrow the Cole Blease vocabulary for a few fleeting oratorical moments, Crime investigation is widely regarded as defective in looking more for clues material information which may help them. - France and Italy were unfortunate in-not being able to show the confer- ence in advance that it is easy to arrive at an understanding on naval matters. ——————— It is useless to count up election ex- penditures, as it is well understood that after the voting is over, no mistakes in making change will be rectified. —————— An infernal machine made in imita- tion of a box of candy is a cruel degra- dation of the art of camouflage. ——n— An educator is, in several instances, expected to be discreet and not try to teach everything he knows. —— e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The New Wisdom. I read whatever Einstein prints, T do not understand his hints On mathematics all abstruse. Yet every time the crowd turns loose, With plaudits for some thought so grand, But very hard to understand, ‘We march along and join the throng That greets him with ecstatic song. ‘With admiration uncontrolled, Men hailed philosophers of old, From Solomon a long list through. But now we hail the wisdom new, Friend Einstein, you :.re truly wise, For You Know How to Advertise! Authoritative Opinion. “What are you going to tell the voters?” “I don’t expect to tell them much,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Times have worked around so that a public servant is supposed to be a good lis- tener and let the voters do the tell- ing.” Jud Tunkins says people enjoy being interesting regardless of expense. Some of his friends appear to enjoy brag- ging ‘about how much they lost in the stock market. Tailoring for the Gang. ‘The tailor pauses to interrogate— He doesn't speak in fun— “Do you wish pockets to accommodate A hip flask or a gun?” Points of Interest. “To what city are you going on your motor tour?” able to provide the out-of-town buyer | the dispute occasiopally Nooks. that may discredit the police than for | Je “No city in particular,” answered Mr. Chuggins. “We just keep moving.” “Don't you stop at any points of in- terest?” : “Of course, but mostly through neces- sity. The points that have the very greatest interest on a long trip are the gas stations and repair shops.” “To declare that you hate a man,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is to confess that you fear him.” ‘The Uncertain Season. The climate has to have its fiing, And there is not a wizard ‘Who knows if next week's going to bring ‘The sunshine or a blizzard. “Popularity don’t last long in a crap game,” said Uncle Eben. “De kind words gets scarce, whether you wins all de money or goes broke.” . Soundproof Chamber. From the Indianapolis News. If President Hoover decides that he needs a new office building, he will have a chance to order a room for special in- terviews with Senator Borah, —— e Diet and Taste. Fronr the Charlotte (N. C.) News. Nature is everlastingly kind, says a philosopher, but if you want to get vitamins out of her foods, you have got to eat something you don’t like. . Preserve the Pave! From the St. Louls Daily Globe-Democrat. ‘The padlock having become justice’s own symbol and agency, why couldn't streets be padlocked at least for a few months against being torn up after being repaved? A Million More Bumps. to China last year, which made a com- plete survey of the economic situation, be due in part to the fact that a grest | resolved to engage in no organized work deal of our bullding has been not of omes but of houses for of succor in that land. Nothing is to t. be done beyond the small endeavors of From the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. Telephone companies say they have put up 1,000,000 new mlu during the It 1is probably neeunrz; t the added temptation * ) STAR, WASHINGTON. D. C, SATURDAY, BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. One of the magazines has begun the publication of a series of page adver- tisements against the loaning of books by friend to friend. The practice is declared hurtful all around, but particularly to publishers and authors. Later pages no doubt will be devoted to the harm the individual reader suffers when he borrows. At first blush this struck us as & ‘“come-on” game for the book business, but the more we think of it the more we tend to belleve that it is a bold stroke in the right direction. Book borrowing is obsolete among friends. The circulating library, both public and commercial, has a distinct place in a community—so much so that the present propaganda against book bor- rowing, as we understand, is not di- rected against them. It even aims to help them. Borrowing books from friends is be- hind the times, because the times have changed in regard to books.as in rela- tion to many other matters. It must not be forgotten that at one time in this country there were few books and even fewer libraries. Only well-to-do people had books at home. “Learning” was something the le as a group aspired after as the rt pants for the water brooks. When county fairs were instituted, books were P! nted to the raiser of the by 0gs, the canner of the best vegetables. A man who grew the prize pumpkin was rewarded with a year's subscription to the home-town paper. And so great was the desire ior knowledge that no‘l winner was disappointed, either, with his prize. oo Insensibly, this fine regard for the printed word has slipped away from the American people. We may publish 5,000 new biographies a year, but that simply shows that the population has grown to 130,000,000 of people and that most of them are literate. Most of those who want books can purchase them. It must not be forgot- ten that not every one or his wife wants . ‘There are thousands of persons in this country who live very comfort- able, and, for all we know, very satis- fying and respectable lives, who yet never read a book from one year's end to another. ‘There are many who honor reading yet do it not. They have a case full, perhaps, but the dust accumulates alike books and minds. Books, in truth, despite their wide circulation, are not for every one. It is because this is true that those who love them may still take an honest pride in themselves for that very love. The hopes and fears of mankind, its joys, triumphs, despairs, all and more are mirrored in the pages of its books. Man'’s solid accumulations of knowl- edge, dreams and delight are contained in our books, and he who reads them, though he is able to get through but a small part of them, knows life, and knows it more abundantly. Men and women, straining for life’s experience, sometimes wreck themselves where danger signals have been dis- played in books for centuries. They would save themselves from disaster if they were readers and possessed even an elementary amount of caution. s Since books are experience, no book can give precisely the same facet of experience as a reader’s own book. This book, purchased with one’s own money, necessarily must enter closer into heart and mind. Elementary laws. of psy- chology account for it. “Me and mine” is all-powerful. ‘The man who borrows a book from & friend puts himself in the position of the young man who accepts money from his father. He cannot have the same regard for the book that the purchaser had, any more than the boy can have as much regard for the money as his father had. We believe so much (and no more) may be said with finality. The ancient Stoic principle of going toward a thing or drawing back from it was based solidly on the laws of the human mind. The way to avold vice, it has been known for centurles, is to avold the first entanglements; for if one cannot escape then, there is little chance afterward. ‘To put one’s self into a book to the extent of laying down so much coin of the country for it is to go toward it mentally. This is the essence of loving books. ~Every reader ought to regard himself as a book lover in some degree, and to put one's earthly treasures into books tends to make them one’s treas- ures, too. Such is the law of purchase. Have you ever seen a motor car en- thusiast stand for hours in the alley, with a cold wind blowing, washing his car while the water dripped over his raw hands? He does not mind it because his heart is in that car. He likes it. The Amer- ican people like them. Well, there are thousands who love books in just the same way. They, too, would be willing to stand in cold alleys if such a sacri- fice Were necessary. * X k% We cannot agree, however, to a propo- sition that one should not loan. We will roar as loudly as the “wets” if any one demands that we refrain from this pleasant intemperance. Loaning is as different from borrow- ing as is day from night. It is the difference between enlighten- | ment in action and the old, fond hope of humanity to get something for nothing. Never seek a book from a friend, but if he insists on loaning you one, take it with thankful heart and try your best to make up for the lack of primi- tive urge. Never borrow, but lend if it pleases you to lend. What if you know that the book which is yours is now lost forever? This is the great fly in the ointment. In those old days of which we spoke so regretfully just now, a borrowed book was regarded by the borrower as some- thing sacred. ‘The old-time borrower no more would have crumpled the pages or spilled water on it, or lost it (or loaned it to a friend), than today he would regard any of these as crimes. If a book lover insists on loaning a good thing to a friend, let him do so with a forgiving heart. . This will im- prove his disposition and steel him against recrimination when the inev- itable happens. 1f the impossible should occur; if the beloved volume should be brought back; if it shculd prove to have been handled ; with loving care, the book lover may congratulate himself on having such a friend, like even unto himself. In regard to books, therefore, one would amend Shakespeare's advice. He said, in general terms, “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Never borrow books, but lend them if your mind and heart prompt you to do s0. Every hook that fails to come back goes its way, entertaining, perhaps in- spiring. It may prove some loss to the publishers, but the lender already has lost something. Both must be satisfied with spiritual gains. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands Business Shows Depression in Peiping. Y ORTH CHINA STANDARD, Pei- ping—That the trade depres- sion in Pelping is still in full swing is evidenced by the re- port of the general Chamber of Commerce of the city, which shows that during the first 10 days of November 81 Chinese shops and business houses have closed their doors. Against this number 27 new shops have opened, however. Motor car companies and hotels seem to be worst hit by the slump, as nine garages and eight hotels have suspended business during the pe- riod under review. ! As regards “new business,” we might | men ‘on that a skating rink with ar- tificiel ice has been proposed by the Japanese Athletic Club in Peiping and also by the China Sporting Co., and if their plans are assisted by the skating public, some fine ice hockey will be seen here this Winter. EE Fishermen Face Starvation in Japan. Japan Advertiser, Tokio—Ten persons were injured yesterday afternoon when the police dispersed a crowd of 10,000 fishermen gathered in front of the pre- fectural office at Kochi to protest the law allowing steam seining vessels to operate in previously prohibited areas. The crowd was forced to leave after a fight, but the situation is still disquiet- ing, for the fishermen insist on remain- ing in the city until action is taken by the authorities to ‘relieve starvation faced by thousands since large fishing companies have been allowed to use steamers equipped with heavy steam- hoist nets. * K ok ok Road Plans Abandoned in Peru. El Comercio, Lima—The program of road building which was authorized by the National Chambers in their last ses- sion will not be carried out. Though all the representatives indorsed this im- provement and outlined a system of highways which would receive first at- tention in the construction of a traffic network between all principal points in the republic, the legislators neglected to provide for the necessary funds, either by taxation or other financing. ‘The minister of public works has not only exhausted any fund that might be applied to this project, but states that no part of the 1930 national budget will | be available for this purpose. | * Ok Kk A Glance Back To Victorian Times. Morning Post, London—Mr. D. G. Kerridge, “father” of the London, Mid- land & Scottish Rallway dining cars, who is to retire shortly on the age limit, was in charge of the first dining car, which ran from Euston in 1889. He'is of opinion that the Victorians were & much less disgruntled genera- tion than the diners of today. “It may have been,” he says, “that dining cars were a novelty and that the passengers were too pleased with | the new facllity to complain, but the fact remains that they were quiet and | satisfied with everything. Since the war people have been ‘nervy’ and diffi- cult o please; and, in spite of the fact that the plain food of the 90s has given place to an abundance of dishes and | plenty of variety, the tendency to com- plain’ and to demand all sorts of im- possible viands seems to have increased. | And such rudeness! People fight for corner seats, hate to have strangers seated opposite and sometimes buy and | nibble at two meals rather than give up their place to another.” x % RE Young Mexican Given Writer's Tribute. . El Universal, Mexico City—The novi- tiate bullfighter, Esteban Garcia, died in the hospital at Morelia last night as the result of a ruptured peritoneum. ‘This terrible injury he s ed in a of | snd finesse | that jurymen have a right to sample the in the sport. Garcia was the most Emmlslng of all the participants, and is untimely fate is therefore the occa- sion of greater grief. He made the mis- iake of attempting to dispatch the bull unattended, and, failing in the attempt, there was no one at hand to distract the onset of the infuriated animal, which tore the “capa” (red cloak) out of his D, knocked him down and gored him again and again. In vain effort to divert the animal, people in the tiers threw hats, canes and cushions into the ring. The victim could not be rescued until the bull was rendered “hors de combat” by other toreadors. * k% % Vienna Deplores “Joy-Ride” Motor Car Thefts. Neues Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna— Vienna will undoubtedly follow the ex- ample of London punishing the nuisance, hitherto to everybody but the perpetrators, of the appropriation of grled cars for “joy-rides,” the vehicles ing abandoned in the street whenever any accident overtakes them. This abuse has become of such proportions that, in addition to other criminal as- pects of the case, the London police have been fortified with an ordinance that makes the guilty party in such a case subject to from 3 to 12 months at :)“tdxolli.bor or to a fine of from £50 * %ok % Sandwiches Contraband in Valencia. A B O, Madrid—Different families which are the owners of automobiles have been ‘employing themselves of late in the introduction of contraband sandwiches into Valencia. The con- sumption of pork other than that .in- spected and slaughtered in the city has been forbidden by the board of health, and the consumption of bread and other baked products has been prohibited by the bakers' union, so that sandwiches produced in establishments near the city of ham and buns are distinctly contraband. Recently a special police service was detailed to watch cars coming into Valencia from this di- rection, with the result that 41 autom biles were found carrying this outlawed pork and bread. The sandwiches were confiscated and the owners warned not to be gullty of the infraction again. The | whole affair has been treated jocosely by press and public. * ok ok x New Officials Barred From Their Jobs. Diaro Del Comercio, Barranquilla.— The new officials of public works, ap- pointed by Congress, presented them- selves before the Supreme Court of the country recently, petitioning for the Ppossession of the various offices to which they have been nominated. The present minister of public works refuses to turn out the incumbents of the positions, and the new appointees, who were intended to bring about improvements in admin- istration, are unable to-begin their work. The new appointments were made in strict accordance with the law by the -Chambers, but until the present officials are removed from the management of th Cundinamarca Railway and other public enterprises the same unsatisfac- tory conditions will continue. — - Making Jury Duty Popular. From the Charlotte News. Possibly the decision of the Supreme Court of South Carolina to the effect liquor that the accused is charged with vending is exactly the stimulus needed to create a more popular interest in serving the courts in this capacity. —.— Butter That Lasts. From the Santa Rosa Press Democrat. It is good economy to buy strong, robust butter. It lasts longer. — b Something Solomon Missed. From the Albany Evening News. Solomon must have been tl that there werefno January sales in his day.4 hankful bargain JANUARY 11, 1930. THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover Salvador de Madariags, for five years chief of the dissrmament section of the secretariat of the League of Na- tions, now professor of Spanish studies at Oxford University, gives his views on one of the most important questions in politics and life today in his book, “Disarmament.” His two arguments in favor of disarmament are the huge ex- pense of armaments, and that they are a continual menace to peace. As part of the expense of armaments, aside from the direct cost met by taxation, he reckons the drawing away of large numbers of men from occupations which create values instead of preparing for the destruction of values. obstacles to disarmament Prof. de Madariaga considers the chief to be the slowness of methods of the League of Nations, which “cannot move with the ease and swiftness of a flapper in jazz”; the complex machinery of na- tions, which are also slow in getting into action, especially peaceful action; instability of politics and political crises, and vital differences in national temperaments and psychology, a subject on which he has already written much. “The discussions carried on in several dozen varjeties of French and English are fed by intellectual waters coming from all climates and lands—white, yel- low and brown; Catholic, Protestant, orthodox, Moslem, Buddhist, atheist, old tradition and new progress, the abstract, the empirical, the impatient, the tra- ditional, the skeptic, the enthusiast, the obvious and the atic.” As an “inner obstacle” he mentions the d mands of pacifists for instant and co: plete disarmament, regardless of inte: national co-operation and practical d tails. Prof. de Madariaga gives a his- tory of past efforts at disarmament which have failed, and then tries to suggest hopeful measures for the future. His solution is the organization of a world community, which shall possess a court with compulsory jurisdiction. The responsibility for such an organi- zation would rest chiefly upon the United States and Great Britain. It would be necessary also to have the co- operation of Soviet Russia. Germany and the other defeated nations should be brought in. In fact, it should be a world affair. The League of Nations is, according to Prof. de Madariaga, a good start in the right direction, but much improvement, extension of powers and more general acceptance of jurisdiction are necessary to achieve world peace. * ok X Instead of taking a dashing libertine or beguiling courtesan as the subject for a novel, Honore Willsie Morrow has chc en a missionary, the Rev. Adoniram Judson, missionary to India. The story of his life as told in the romance “Splendor of God” is one of varied ad- venture, inspired by lofty, almost fa- naticel purpose. In 1813 Dr, Judson, accompanied by his young first wife, Ann, landed at Rangoon. He believed that he was sent by God to save the natives from being eternally lost, but his reception by those natives was a hostile one. The hardships of his life and the obstacles which were placed in his way were such that only a zealot cculd have endured them. He never lost for a moment his belief in his mis- sion. To his task of converting the Burmans he added that of translating the Bible. During the years of exhaust- ing work and insanitary living condi- tions he lost two wives and several children. Shortly after marrying his third wife, Emily Chubbock, a frail woman, writer of verses and sketches, Dr. Judson himself was stricken with disease, and with the forlorn hope of prolonging his life he embarked on a sea voyage, but died only a few days from land. It was some weeks before Mrs. Judson, remaining in India and herself ill, learned of his death. The novel “Splendor of God” ends with Dr. Judson’s second marriage. Eleanor H. Woods in her book “Rob- ert A. Woods” has told the story of the life of the man who was for so many L‘m the head of the South End Hous? Boaton. She tells of her husband's stay a¥ Toynbee Hall, London, where he learned by experience what the Eng- lish settlement movement was accom- plishing, and then of his constructive work at the South End House and in establishing the National Federation of Settlements. * ok ok x No group of contemporary- writers has so influenced the trend of modern literature as have E. M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, Maynard Keynes, and the rest of the group associated with Virginia and Leonard Woolf and their printing venture, “The Hogarth Press.” The first issue of the Hogarth Press was a series of essays in pamphlet form which was so successful that it was followed by & second serles. This volume is made up of seven lectures, two essays and two memoirs. In “Mr. Bennett and Mrs, Brown,” Virginia Woolf predicts that we are on the verge of a great age in English literature; in ‘Prospects of Literature,” Logan Pearsall Smith has his doubts about the immediacy of the golden age: in “Hunting the Highbrow,” Leonard Woolf discusses literary tastes, especially the taste which does not ap- preciate the novels of Gilbert Frankau. Other papers are ‘“‘Anonymity; an En- quiry,” by E. M. Forster; “In Retreat,” by Herbert Read; “Catchwords and Claptrap,” by Rose Macaulay; “The Future of the Art of Poetry,” by Robert Graves; “Homage to John Dryden,” by T. S. Eliot; “Henry James at Work,” by Theodora Bosanquet; “The Artist and Psycho-Analysis,” by Roger Fry, and “Composition as Explanation,” Gertrude Stein's Oxford essay. * e An interesting literary discovery is that of the papers of Boswell, famous blographer of Dr. Johnson, It has been supposed that the papers had been lost or destroyed, but they have all the time been in the ion of Boswell's descendants. Boswell's will provided that any proceeds from the publication of his manuscripts should go to his younger children, but for some reason or other the p-‘grs ‘were not published. Perhaps the elder son, Alexander, pre- vented publication. In 1822 the two !m:il.t hAlexlnder and ‘J:om::. :::lugl‘:g and the papers came into the of Alexander's son. When he died in 1857 the heirs were two daughters, one of whom married Lord Talbot de Mala- hide and the other Mr. George Moun- sey of Auchinleck. In Mrs. Mounsey's attic Boswell’s. valuable papers lay un- disturbed for years and on her death in 1905 they came to Boswell's great- great andson, the present Lord Tal- bot de Malahide, who granted the copy- right to Lieut. Col. Ralph Heyward Isham, who has published them, “Pri- vate Papers of James Boswell from Malahide Castle.” The editor is Geof- frey ‘Scott. e o o In his “Praeterita” Ruskin gives his dally routine while at Oxford. “T! routine of day is perhaps worth telling. I never missed chapel, and in Winter t an hour’s reading before it. Break- ast at 9—half an hour allowed for it to a second, for Capt. Marryat with my roll and butter. College lectures till 1. Lunch, with a little talk to anybody who cared to come in, or share their own commons with me. At 2, Buckland or other professor's lecture. Walk till 5, hall dinner, wine either given or ac- cepted, and quiet chat over it with the reading men, or a frolic with those of my own table; but I always got round to the High street to my mother’s tea at 7 [his mother left her home and took lodgings in the High street, Oxford, during his stay there] and amused m: self till Tom rang in and I got with run to Canterbury gate, and settled to a steady bit of final reading till 10. I can’t make out more than six hours” real work in the day, but that was con- stantly and unflinchingly given.” “Shaping Men and Women" brings together the papers in which Stuart Sherman discusses specifically the func- tion of the teacher and a number of essays which reflect the point of view of the academic student of literature Stuart Sherman, who died not long ag was for 18 years engaged in the tea ing of literature and for two years editor of a literary review. The intro- duction and editing of the volume are zJ Jacob Zeitlin, d colle of Shermac, a1 Gaiversiy of inois, Among the ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ‘BY FREDERI ‘This is » special department, devoted to the handling of inquiries. You have at your disposal an extensive organiza- tion in Washington to serve you in any capacity that relates to information. Write your question, your name and your address clearly, and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for reply. Send to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing- ton, D. Q. When was the company formed that had Marcus Loew at its head?— T. . B. A. It was formed in 1910, with Loew as president and Adolph Zukor as nomi- nal treasurer. At his death in 1927 Marcus Loew left a fortune of about $25,000,000. Q. How many people read the comic strips?—B. E. T. A. It is believed that four-fifths of all Americans between the ages of 4 and 24 read comic cartoons. Q. When did the great musical talent of Beethoven become apparent?—A. T . 8. A. He gave his first public concert at the age of 7. His first composition was written at 10. Q. Is there such a thing as a rose resembling a carnation?--T. A. The carnation rose was found at the chateau of the Abbey of St. Nicolas- aux-bois in 1912. The National Horti- culture Society of France awarded it the certificate of merit in 1922, t is meant by “streblomicro- Q. Wh dactyly”?—M. O. A. This is & genetic term applied to the inheritance of crooked little fingers. Q. Does the United States make a $1 gold piece?—K. P. for general circulation since 1889. Since that date some have been issued as | memorial coins, the last being the Grant memorial coins, in 1922. The smallest current gold coin is the $2.50 gold piece. Q. What is meant by the “calling of then .s::n' in Tennyson's “Enoch Arden”? A. The “calling of the sea” is an old Enpglish term for a groundswell. When this occurs on a still night the sound is sometimes heard for miles Inhabitants of seaside towns looked on it as-a summons by death. Tennyson refers to this phenomenon again in "'Crming the Bar"—*"And one clear call or me.” : Q. How tall was President Roosevelt? —G. H. G. A. He was about 5 feet 9 inches in height, Q. When was the first park set aside in this country for recreation pur- poses?—A, B. A. The earliest form of a public pre- serve devoted to -outdoor recreation in the territory of the present United States was a city park, Boston Common, acquired in 1634. The next example of public action of this kind covered a fleld related to that at present usually held by State agencies—the reservation to the people for “fishing and fowling” by an ordinance of the Massachuseits Bay Colony in 1641 of ‘“great ponds,” water surfaces of 10 acres or more. The first State park of larger size set apart primarily for recreation was one waich is now a famous national park—Yosem- ite. Congress ceded the valley and a mile-wide border around it Cali- fornia as a State park in 1865. It was later returned to Federal control. Q. How many Presidents of the United States had seen previous service in the Senate?—sS. P. A. While President Harding was the only President who went directly from the Senate to the White House, and President Garfleld had been elected to A. These coins have not been minted | C J. HASKIN. the Senate when nominated for the presidency, there were 10 other: h:s- dents who had been Senators—Monro€, John Quincy Adams, Jackson, Van Bu- ren, William Henry Harrison, Tfig: Plerce, Buchanan, Johnson and Ber, min Harrison. | H Q. How is the surname of Johh Drinkwater pronounced?—B. M. A, In England the sufmaine “Drink: ‘water” S enerally though 5pell§d “Dflnk-r-:e‘r"——tl’-t& the "% is elided. Tn the United States P however, the name is nounced just as it is ] Q. How can ne be ed in Jibrarlesoc, Fo. T Te i A. The paper upon which mods newspapers are printed becomes bri when exposed to air for a long time. Some libraries have solved the problem of preserving newspaper files by moun! ing each sheet between two. sheets of thin Japanese tissue. This seals the g- er from the air, reduc its legi- ility but slightly and strengthening tae page. Q. Why do storms usuali; | the West?>—G. J. A. The Weather Bureau says the e jeral drift of the atmosphere in-mi latitudes is from the West, and that turn is owing to two thi, 4 latién of the atmosphere betweéen the heated equatorial and the cooled regions, and-the rotation of he eal from West to East. This is the reason why storms come from the West. HQJ lv(vhn country first had hussars! A. The name “hussars” former]; confined to the light cavalry 3 Hungarian Army, but it is now lpglmd to that in other European armies which possess similar characteristics. The hussars are described as “light-horse troopers, armed with saber and carbine, brilliantly uniformed and formerly wear- ing dolman and busby.” Q. What_ proportion of “the popula- tion does the work of the country for e atsona Burest, of Mol . The National Bureau of Research says that about 39 per cent of the population does the work which supports themselves and the remaining 61 per cent. Last year there were 46,- 580,000 workers and about 72,726,000 other people dependent upon them. Q. What was the name of the Indian village where Georgetown, D..C., now is?—J. J. 8. A. Its name was Tahogae. ' ' IQ‘. le.hw are jokes divided into classes? A. Some authorities divide jokes into lasses: the " following _classes: Joke (bright _retort), child joke, bucolio, , dialect, y come from al o the suburban, narrative an political, and theatrical. Q. Was Robert E. Lee_ever superin- o e occupi A Military Academy for three yeats. Q. Why is December 25 celebrated as the date of the birty of Jesus Christ?— A. There appears to be nb good tea- son why December 25 should ‘be cele- brated as Christmas day, .except that this was throughout the civilized world an almost universal time’ of feasting, ey ivity o be und ersally even! e naf R Ve Shte: that! the etn of Obrine nechroed either in October or in March. Q. Is the harbor at Portsmouth, g ;],.P frozen over in the Winter?— A. This harbor is-80 feet deep, and has tides strong enough to keep it from freezing. ‘While most of those who comment upon the subject qf Philippine inde- pendence assert that it should be grant- ed when and if the islands are ready for self-government, the larger part of the discussion deals with arguments showing the unwisdom of such a step at present. “The islands are not ready for self- government within the meaning of in- | dependent sovereignty,” declares the Kansas City Star. “They have, not made sufficient educational, _political and industrial progress to insure a stable system of their own. Even within such latitude as their present government permits, they do not encourage the in- vestment of foreign capital, which is indispensable in internal development. It would be an act of bad faith, con- trary to American traditions, to cast the islands adrift through fear of the slight economic competition they offer to cer- tain American industries.” * koK K “Questions of far-reaching interna tional importance” are seen by the New. York Times, which adds: “It is no secret that the Dutch fear there would be serious outbreaks among the natives of the East Indies. The Javanese would feel that if the Filipinos were fitted for independence, they and other Malay ‘peoples should be freed from European control. In India likewise the mere fact of Philippine independence would be seized by local Eastern agitators as a new reason for attempting to throw out the English. The Koreans would take fresh heart in their opposition to the Japanese. The Chinese, long resentful of Americ: immigration restriction, barring Chinese settlers from the Phil. ippines, would at once begin to move into the islands. by thousands. De- fenseless, cut off from American mar- kets and money; unable to raise enough itaxes to keep the machinery of govern- ment going, the Philippines would be a source of uneasiness and insecurity.” ‘The assertion. that “serious economic results would follow the act of hauling down the American flag” is made by the Seattle Daily Times, and that paper states further: “The Filipino independ- ence delegation has a hard problem to solve. The American flag flown over the islands for more than 30 years. American capital and American citizens constantly are going to the Philippines. Senator Borah, who favors withdraw- ing American sovereignty, predicted re- cently that unless the Filipinos obtained their freedom soon they never would get it. Aside from the Congressmen who wish to tax Philippine products, there is & larger group which believes it to the advantage of the Filipinos to have access to the greatest market in the world, and an advantage to America | to develop the natural resources of the islands and to promote commerce. The country is not yet prepared to pull down | the American flag from over American capital and American citizens.” ® X ok % “The Filipino politicians who once de- manded ‘complete and immediate inde- pendence, " according to the South Bend Tribune, “became less determined during the wholly beneficial regime of Gov. Gen. Henry L. Stimson. But the question has been brought to the fore in the controversy over the tariff. American sugar growers and dairy in- ler'e!"-!luld that Pilipino competition is inful. imitations in quantity of Filipino ex- ports. As the islands are part of the United States, this suggestion was called illogical. The American tariff principle obviously would be abused if it were used to discourage imports fror: Ameri- can possessions. The alternative, ac- cording to some spokesmen for the ag- grieved sugar and dairy interests, is Filipino independence.” “The question of independence, viewed by the Chicago Daily News, “is not to be determined on a strictly eco- nomic basis. Further, American farmers doubtless have more to gain from exten- Hope of Philipp: Raises Complicated They suggested high duties or | mo & ine Freedom :* Question American ‘dependencies. However, +the Philippines are entitled to indepent as soon as they are prepared for its re- B suthories” & Washington axe aul a n weighing this matter anxiously and ample knowledge of conditions.” iy “It looks as if those spurred on by selfish mn&‘{ x:‘lub:x e B&Vhiflplh y o forces wi e for the freedom of the llhn'& So it if that the dreamers are really never in eantrol, but now and then they hold the balance of power between the practical men on two opposing sides. This_does not mean that the islands may be given their independence at any early date, but they stand a wmuch bet- ter chance of attaining this end than was the case only a short while ago.” “Our premise to the Filipinos 30 years ago,”. argues-the Texarkana Ga- zette, “personally acknowledged by three American Presidents and reaffirmed in the Jones act, was that independence wauld be granted as soon as a stable government should be established in the Philippines. This Nation is committed to the policy of independence for the Filipinos, and can in | the grant only. because of the belief that the time has not yet e when it will be safe for all conc for the solemn promise to be kept.” % “The only question Americans have any-right to consider,” in the opinion of the Hartford Times, “is whether they have reached a development which fits | them to manage their own affairs. When they have, we have no alternative | but to get out. Until they do, sugar or no sugar, we have no alternative but to remain and fit them for the self-gov- ernment we have promised.” - “Probably the most serious of the situation which would confront us as a result of American withdrawal,” says the Petersburg Progress-Index, * the certainty that in case of between the Filipinos and their bors the Pilipinos themselves mm many of our Americans who now are demanding independence for the islands would insist that America should go to the aid of the people of our quondam dependency.” The Milwaukee Journal comments: “The question should be decided onm its merits. Are the Filipinos ready for freedom? Can the United States with- draw with safety to them and to our- selves? It is possible to get an answer to these questions, but not on a sugar basis. If we should do this thln?nve would indeed stamp ourselyes as inea- pable of discharging a trust we h assumed over another people.” 3 Carolina Farmers Learn Diversification Lesson | From the Asheville Times. North Carolina farmers are most trying condition,” says the Unit States Department of Agriculture, *f that most of the cash crops have not “in ‘& brought a return equal to the cost of production.” 2 ‘This is particularly true of the cotton :nfl wl:lccu lrefiol::‘ n;a'::le State; -1t foes not apply e cco crop the mountain counties. ‘F But the Department of finds “one bright lflt in the situal re interest is being taken in stock, especially hogs, and in appears from the report v farmers of this State saved from even worse situations by advantage of the market last year hogs and potatoes. For 1930 the farmers can count u; Government aid in obtaining better prices for cotton and tobacco, provided the farmers will ol themselves as| into co-operative associations. But the lesson of too much reliance on one or two crops should not for that reason be forgotten. 1 bread-and-meat sion of foreign markets for their - ucts than for the imposing of - dutlea on.- the preducts of’ > farming will Diversification and continue sable in any program of 2 il