Evening Star Newspaper, November 23, 1929, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR, THE EVENING STAR |the institution which Judge Mmhmmuuuutwmammm-n] With Sunday Morning Edition. WASFINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY...November 23, 1020 THEODOR® W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: Lith St and Pennsyivania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan. Building. European Office: 14 Regent St.. Lond Engiand i City. g 45 Per month indays) ;-._60c per month and Sunday Star days) r Collection made at the Orders may be sent in NAtional 5000. * Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ley and Sunday 1 s:o 00. 1 mo., 85¢ 1 mo.l 80¢ unday only . » .5¢ per cam: e each month. by mail or telephone All Other States ally and Sunday..1 ot aily only unday only Member of the Associated Press. ociated Press 1s exclusively cntitled ited in this paper and also the loc published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. —_— Congress’ Batting Average. ‘The first session of the Seventy-first Congress is at an end. The tariff bill is uncompleted, but mileage is safe. Indeed, the mileage allowance of mem- bers of the Senate and the House for the special session already had been paid, and the mileage for the regular session opening December 2 would have been paid also in due course. There has been a fear, however, that some criticism might arise because of Con- gress wung itself this mileage allow- ance to convey members from their homes to Washington and back if, as a matter of fact, Congress was in session up to the last minute before the regular gession dpened. ‘The Congress has one achievement, 90 | Annapolis train 1t in the indispensably endowment will found. A less modest man might have devised that the school should perpetuate his name. The super- vising board could do worse than to override this unexpressed wish. For the Parker will assures to Washington as fine an addition to its already impres- sive roster of higher educational estab- lishments as can be imagined. It will deserve to be known as the “Parker Graduate School of International Af- fairs.” The man whose munificence permits its foundation outlined the school pur- pose in his will with rare succinctness. It is “to teach high-minded young men of proven character and ability subjects calculated to equip them to render practical service of a high order to the United States Gové@nment in its for- eign relations.” Here, in other words, is a project for a service institution to educate American youth in the field of diplomacy just as West Point and important fields of national defense. It strikes many thoughtful observers of international relations as strange that little or no attention is paid by Government to teaching the young idea how to shoot in the direction of peace, as well .as in the direction of war. Diplomacy, which is another name for “International relations” in the peda- gogic sense, contemplated by the Parker bequest, has peace for its Alpha and Omega, at least in the era of the Kel- logg pact. Dealing more directly with the life of nations than any other one agency of Government, diplomacy clamors for the trained man. Inept diplomacy, or diplomatic ineptitude, which is the same thing, let the world blunder into Armageddon in 1914. Americans trained in the arts of peace gs efficiently as cadets graduated from the Military Academy are edu- cated in ballistics and infantry drill, or as midshipmen graduated from the Naval Academy are educated in naviga- tion and seamanship, may.not be able Thowever, to its credit since it was called by the President into session April 15, the new farm relief law providing for & Federal Farm Board with wide powers. For years such legislation had hung fire because a majority either could not agree or because the Chief Executive was unwilling to try on the country alleged panaceas which hé con- sidered economically unsound and un- workable, The special session now closed was called by President Hoover for the benefit of the farmers. Follow- ing closely on the heels of the last election, it was apparent that even the most irreconcilable would go along with ‘a farm bill which would be approved by the President rather than again pre- vent all legislation. ‘The manner in which the Republican majority dealt with the tariff bill, how- ever, seems stupid in the extreme in retrospect. Instead of following the Tecommendations of the President, who urged a limited revision, in aid of the farmer and of such industries as have in recent years suffered from foreign competition, the House ways and means committee brought out a bill which was in effect a general revision with hundreds of changes. Asithe bill passed the House, it aroused wide criticism in the farm States of the West. The Senate finance committee tinkered with the. bill for months and while it re- duced rates in some instances it raised many in others. The result was a break in the Republican ranks in the Senate ending in the “coalition” which has | dominated the situation, but which has been effective in getting final action on the tariff bill at the special session. ‘The failure of the Republicans of the Benate to act harmoniously on the tariff is no more to be attributed to the Pro- gressive Republicans who joined the coalition than it is to the old guard group which stood out for increases on many of the industrial schedules. In- deed, the demands of the Progressives, made in the interests of the farmers, who have had the small ead of the tariff stick for years, were in many in- stances justified. More recently the so-called “young guard” among the Republicans, a group seeking to bring a semblance of harmony in the Repub- lican ranks and to get the bill through the Senate without further delay, pro- posed that the increases demanded for the farmer should be granted and that the existing rates on industrial products | of the Fordney-McCumber tariff act should be allowed to remain. But the Republican Progressives were unwilling to accept such a program. They had a taste of power and proposed to go be- yond their original demands. In this the Progressives showed themselves as little capable of real leadership as the old guard itself. ‘The Congress will return in a week's time. At the regulaf session i. may be hoped that wiser counsel will prevail and that accomplishment will take the place of failure. An election is coming on. This fact may spur the Republi- cans to more united action, or it may cause still greater disruption with the Democrats seeking to ¥ivide the wings of the Republican party*further. Not a little will depend on the course of the Text session. If in the coming election the Democrats should win control of one house of Congress even, it would make impossible the program of Presi- dent Hoover, e — This “young guard” is regarded by several Senators as having too much of youth's natural impetuosity. B A School of World Affairs. Judge Edwin B. Parker of Texas, late umpire of the American-German Mixed Claims Commission, had himself been | 80 prominently in the thick of modern ‘world affairs that he realized the neces- sity for Americans to be more intelli- gently conversant with them. Some such conception must have been in the Jurist’s mind when he made a will de- voting the bulk of his $2,000,000 estate to the creation of a Graduate School of International Affairs in Washington. ‘The school is to be affiliated with a local university, not yet publicly named. By the terms of his testament, Judge Parker provided that Associate Justice Harlan F. Stone of the United States Supreme Court is to be chairman of the supervising board of the school. Two other eminent Washingtonians, Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of State, and to guarantee the Republic against war. But scientifically grounded in the principles of international relations and in the methods ¥ conducting them, men so prepared will at least be power- ful factors in guiding Government along pacific lines. The Parker endowment is a glory and a promise of splendid things. P School Busses and Portables. his life by a parachute jump. There is no excuse for carelessness in either operation, dangerous though they both may be. Certainly in the construction of a building no extenuation can be found for the use of untested or frayed cables the lfting of huge objects, ‘which, if they fall, put in jeopardy all those within the immediate vicin- jty. It is high time that every bullder on every building in the course of erection should see that his equip- ment is foolproof and breakproof. ————————— Tulips. Little visitors from Holland have ‘entered the port of Baltimore at the rate of more than a million since the annual tulip importation began six weeks ago. The tulips fields across the sea are famous the world around, but no country imports more of the bulbs than the United States. During Octo- ber and the first half of November the arrivals are heavy, but the shipments are now at an end. Tullps are among, the few Spring- flowering bulbs against which this country does not have an embargo. Since the quarantine was placed it was hoped that American growers could du- plicate the splendid flowering qualities of the Holland bulbs, but to date this wish has not been realized. ‘Whether it is something in the low- lying Netherland soil, the moisture- laden air or other factors, the fact re- mains that “Holland bulbs” still mean, among flowers, what sterling does in silver. The hundreds of thousands of tulip bulbs are particularly appreciated visitors. Their vivid colors are unique and their form and early blooming uni- versally beloved. From ports of entry the bulbs will go to dealers throughout the country, to be mailed to purchasers who booked their orders last Spring. Many thousands, of course, will be sold over counters. Every one should realize that if he wants tulips in bloom next Spring he must plant the bulbs now. There is no putting off this pleasant duty. Either plant now or go tulipless next year. ————————— A light snowstorm is a fitting re- minder of the approaching holiday season. The Winter landscape is in- complete unless it includes suggestions from time to time tending to verify In discussing the school situation with citizens’ groups Representative Simmons has answered their questions concerning the use of portable schools with the statement that we will e them here in Washington as long' as there Is progressive bullding. To a large extent that is perfectly true. The portable school meets a definite requirement on the part of communities not large enough to warrant the construction of a permanent building and too far from permanent buildings to make them ac- cessible to the children. They are als: used to augment the facilities offercd by permanent groups of buildings, when the communities surrounding such groups have grown and overcrowding has Yesulted. Dr. Ballou, however, has ‘informally suggested to the Board of Education an alternative proposal that might elim- inate the use of portable schools in out- lying sections. Discussing a petition from the East Washington Heights Citizens’ Association for the provision of a port- able school to take care of the children in the small community of Bradbury Heights, Dr. Ballou mentioned the lack of sewerage in that section and sug- gested that it might be more feasible to provide these children with a bus that would transport them to and from one of the permanent school buildings. Later he developed this thought with the proposal that other outlying, com- munities, which now are provided with about one-third of the city’s portable schools, might be benefited by a school bus service that would transport chil- dren*to permanent school centers. ‘The school system is making increas- ing use of busses to carry tuberculous and crippled children to and from spe- cial schools. Rural communities long since have established school bus routes that collect children from their homes and take them to school. Why not initiate such a bus service for city chil- dren, instead of forcing them, as now, to spend the greater part of the day ir temporary buildings, which are poorly lighted, poorly heated, poorly ventilated and ppssibly dangerous? Dr. Ballcu's suggestion, informally placed befote the board, is ‘worthy of some careful study. It might solve the problem that has been so inadequately solved by the use of portable schools. ———————————— Baggage mishaps causing suspicions of disregard for Volstead restrictions may cause some enterprising manu- facturer to put a non-leakable trunk on the market. ——e—s. the incidents likely to figure in the annals as permanent mysteries. e Building Accidents. ‘The prevalence of accidents on build- ings in the courss of construction demands official attention. In New York recently a cable broke and a four- ton stone plunged fifteen floors into ‘Wall Street, endangering the lives of several hundred persons and injuring two. Only because a twist of chance sent the huge projectile bouncing back inio tne building at tne seventh’flooi was a tragedy of great proportions pre- vented. This accident clos:ly followed many others of similar nature mn varjous cities in the country. An isolated occurrence of this kind would cause little alarm save to those who were involved, but the seeming epidemic of mistakes on the part of workmen in the gigantic structures that e McPherson case is another of | the pictures on Christmas cards. ——— oo Modern apparatus is becoming so THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Most people can be grouped in one of«f two classes when it comes to the ques- tion of the way they receive praise. Either they deprecate what they have done and praise up the other fellow or they gloat over what they have accom- plished and belittle others. Here one finds human nature run- ning about as true to form as is usu- ally found. While there are some ex- ceptions, of course, most men and women can be put into one of these two main classifications. Occasionally one runs across some one who merely deprecates his own ac- complishments. He—or she—does not fln'_ht: a following urge to instantly praise others. Or one will meet the “wise guy” who i content to praise himself, his thoughts, deeds and ambitions without launching into a dissertation on the demerits of others. Such people are exceptions. Seem- ingly human nature cannot keep itself to one track, but must spill over on the ;ldes, much as a pitcher when it is too ull. Diffuseness is one of the many curses of the race. We speak fot of the eager curiosity of the human mind, which has been responsible for so many happy victories in all fields of endeavor, but simply of that sphere wherein mankind Fan. mmnlm w'lccept what is said and e at that. Thla‘ols a field which has not been explored as well as it might be, and no doubt some day will be. Such attempts as have been made come within the scope of ethics, whereas what is needed is an application of common sense to the whole' latitude of everyday life. Some day some divine philosopher is going to rear up on his hind legs, as the ssyln,s is, and grandly declare that nothing better for human beings than the application of common sense to their problems. When that time comes, we may have a new earth, if not a new heaven. * ok K K In order to save the kindly people for the last, so that we may have a good taste in the mental mouth, let us con- sider the people m our second classifi- cation first. Not all of them are men, by any means, but the male members commonly are so much more loud-mouthed about it that they outbellow their female com- panions. The extreme example of the type is the simple or complex braggart. Not only is everything that he has done, or purchased, or given away, the®highest of its type, but anything that any one else has done, or bought, or given to some one is very inferior, ‘What.you may have said, or done, or bought or given, is not just a little less than anything he has said, or done, or urchased, or presented, it is so far be- ow that it does not deserve consider- ation. It rather hurts him to mention the complicated that a man in running an establishment of any kind must, in order to avoid fire or explosion, be some- thing of an electrician and steam en- gineer. ———e————_ Early Autumn extended the annual elusive hope of an exceptionally mild Winter. The climate keeps running true to form and the calendar goes on respecting the law of averages as to temperature. —— e Much of the Stock Exchange uncer- tainty must be considered due to reck- less and ill informed persons who insist on being gamblers instead of prudent investors. s S AERPNCN S S, Directness and simplicity character- ize the methods of Henry Ford. When a complaint arises about wages, he meets the situation promptly by rais- ing them. ————————— . ‘The death of Rothstein is attribuf to the failure to realize“that the term “a friendly game” does not invarig ably apply to poker around Broadway. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Patience Overdone. Quite patient we Are told to be, And shun the reckless waste ‘Which may arise ‘When some one tries To move with too much haste. And yet we know That being slow Befles cll thrifty laws. Hard luck is found By sitting ‘round ‘To wait for Santa Claus! A future bright We have in sight. But we must step along, ‘With strength anew, ‘To help come true ‘The dreaming and the song. ‘When hopes draw neér ‘With soothing cheer, It's dangerous to pause And merely say, Prqm day to day, Let's walt for Santa Claus! The Trafic Whirl. “Do you manage to keep on the po- litical bandwagon?” “Which one do you refer to?” asked Senator Sorghum. “At present there are so many different bandwagons that my only hope is to find one that will go the distance without getting mixed up in a collision.” Jud Tunkins says a great financier is to be admired. But the man who has to think hard and work fast is the one who takes care of current bills with a limited income. Practical Economies. A fortune great may grow, | And yet, before he's through with it, A man may scarcely know Precisely what to do with it. Special Item for Thanks. | “Are you going to give thanks for anything in particular this year?” “Yes,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax. “I shall express especial gratitude for the fact we have become sufficiently prosperous to have a butler to relieve me of a personal struggle in trying to are today being erected should bring about an immediate official inquiry in every city where they occur. It does not take an engineer to know that 1if a four-ton piece of granite is to be lifted from the ground tc the fifteenth story of a building the margin of safety in tackle should be overwhelming to prevent loss of life to those who are directly under it. Nor does it take a person with a great amount of intelligence to realize that present me- ‘Wiliam D. Mitchell, Attorney General, also designated as “friends” of the testator, are to be members of the board. It would be difficult to think of a bequest more worthy of any blic- 7) spirited American, or a locale? " 4deal than Washington as a seal for in their line of work to accomplish it chanical facilities should make this kind of an accident almost impossible. Unquestionably it is a difficult and hazardous job to ®he workmen them- selves to lift huge steel or stone mem- bers for the construction of the sky- scrapers of today, but it is just as much carve the turkey.” “A fortune lost,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “may be regained. The loss of a friend is irreparable.” Not Reliably Cheerful. The tariff is an enterprise ‘Which ought to bring elation; Yet joy it frequently denies And causes indignation. “Sometimes,” sald Uncle Eben, “a person dat thinks he's actin’' haughty is only lookin’ funny.” Entitled “Aw, Dry Up!” Prom the Dayton Daily News. uor ribuing iera to us looks like & clever sc! to drink, , which to drive matter, but sometimes it must be done, if for no other reason than to permit him to brag about himself. How he loves to talk about himself! The world, according to him, is divided sharply into two great divisions,, him- self and others. If one could get a photograph of his uld show these two divisions millions of hu- ma re honestly count for very little with him, and then only in so far as they may offer a springing If_ambition is good, théh we must admit that there is some good to this citizen. Surely there is much good to him. No one who has seen him in action ecan say otherwise, or, indeed, would want to. What strikes one as curious is the egotism of the creature. x % % % Some men in this. group merely gloat over what they have accomplished themselves, but most find it expedient to “run down” others at the same time. Praise them about something, they not only admit it, but they go on to “knock” competitors, or those who by some excellence or other impress them as_possible rivals. It usually will be discovered that these men, like sharp-eyed animals, sense what they do not see. They regard contrary ways of acting| and talking as rebukes and feel in the marrow of their bones that the quicker they are rid of such strictures the bet- ter for them. Civilization, however, luckily has im- posed bounds to their actions. The only way they can “get back” at others is to “pan” them in words. Hence, they commonly never admin- ister self-praise without adding a mix- ture of derogation of others. Sometimes they do this heavily, lay- ing it on with a thick hand; at others they achieve like results delicately, for there are as many methods in this sort of work as in any other. ‘The subtle method whereby a victim is made to feel as a worm in the dust, yet not able to put his finger on any overt phrase, is used only by masters of the craft. Joseph Addison, who “damned with faint praise,” according to Alexander Pope, may have been such & master. x x * % We come now to those kindly ones who not only tend, when they are praised for nnythmg, to deprecate their only good deeds, thoughts, works, but to praise the other fellow, as if em- barrassed over praise of themselves. It must be admitted that often this is carried too far. What is the use of denying something which -one must know is good as well as every one else knows it is good? Yet the danger of such admittance is complacency, which rapidly puts one in the other class. Therefore, it would seem that our kindly ones are acting in accordance with their real natures when they act as they do. They know in their hearts that to accept praise as if it were their normal due is not acting up to’the best in them. They have been brought up on Christian sentiments, which make much of the meek, the lowly and the humble. Eras of extreme sophistication, when cleverness usurps for the time the place which properly belongs to honesty and integrity, tend to submerge the Cl tian ideals. Even the yearly recollection of them at this season cannot offset their for- getting for the gemainder of the period. They are kept alive in glory. how- ever, by all those who actually put them into practice, and among these none deserve more praise than those kindly ones who shrink from accepting merited praise. Jesus said that theirs shall be the Kingdom of Heaven. The braggarts, therefore, must be coptent with what they can grab in this world. Who knows but that their complacency is board for his boundless ambition. in reality a whistling in the dark? Newfoundland Trade in Snarl Over Tariff Pact With Canada BY PAUL R. MARTIN. CORNER BROOK, Newfoundland.— ‘What appears to be the greatest need of the little island dominion of Newfound- land at present is a sort of economic Sherlock Holmes who, by & method of deduction or otherwise, will be able to unravel the snarls in the tariff laws and tentative trade agreements which affect the commercial relations of Newfound- land and Canada, her immediate Brit- ish neighbor. Although a so-called “fair trade agreement” was negotiated between the two dominions no longer ago than the close of 1928, this has failed to function, and efforts are now being put forth to arrive at a new agreement which will be of benefit to both countries. In the matter of a fair trade agree- ment between Newfoundland and Can- ada, the United States is likewise in- volved indirectly, for many of the com- modities imported by Newfoundland from Canada are of American manufac- ture. These are sold through Canadian agents and enter Newfoundland as Canadian goods, therefore coming within the terms of any trade agree- ments which these British dominions may make between themselves. And in all the discussion which, has waged for more than a year concerning the znds‘u:t by the former cab- inet, the Umd States has been men- tioned many times. Position Is Peculiar. The agreement tentatively arrived at on January 31, 1928, was the result of negotiations between Sir John Bennett, then colonial secretary of Newfound- land, and the Hon. J. A. Robb, finance minister of Canada. It was known as the Bennett-Robb agreement and on its face appeared to be simple enough. But Newfoundland’s trade relations with the world have long been more or less in- volved, due largely to the fact that while its basic policy has been one of a uniform tariff applied to imports from every country regardless of whether they formed a part of the British Empire, there has likewise been the necessity for certain preferences because of the peculiar character of Newfoundland's commerce. Sir Patrick McGrath, late president of the Legislative Council of Newfound- land and for years an outstanding fig- ure among the economists of the Do- minion, supplied me a few weeks before his death with a brief explanation of the “historical background” of the at. tempted Newfoundland-Canadian agree- ment, and it is this “historical back- ground,” particularly as it applies to commercial relations with Jamaica, likewise a British possession, that has given rise to most of the misunder- tandings which have now so seriously d:md reciprocal relations with Can- ada. Buys Most From England. “It must be borne in mind,” Sir Patrick told me, “that Newfoundland greater part of its buyin from Britain, Canada and the Unite States, but that we sell principally to the countries of Southern Europe, the West Indies and Brazil. . Our greatest export commodity is dried codfish, which is in heavy demand among the countries along the Mediterranean. A similar demand exists among tfle native mvuhflnn of Brazil and the West dies. In 1909 we made a slight departure from our uniform tariff policy granting a concession to Greece, ving free entry to her currants and raisins in return for a reduced duty on fish. This pact is still in operation. “In 1914 we, together with Britain and the Irish Free State, granted cer- tain concessions to Portugal, for we needed their salt for the curing of our fish. Spain was favored in 1922 and at a few thousand dollars commerce, not only paved the way for a still further deviation from New- foundland’s basic policy of a uniform tariff and led to the negotiations be- tween Newfoundland and Canada for a fair trade -§reemem., but lkewise gave rise, particularly as ds the treaty with Jamaica, to the misunderstandings which, up to the present, have frustrated all efforts to put such an agreement into operation. Sir John Bennett, representing the Newfoundland government, went to Ottawa, where he had a series of con- ferences with the Canadian ministers of finance and of trade and commerce. These officials reached an understand- ing among themselves to the effect that Canada was to continue to admit New- foundland fish free of duty and in addi- tion was to apply the benefits of the Canadian British preferential tariff to Newfoundland products and manu- factures, provided that Newfoundland in turn should extend to Canadian goods the most favorable charges granted to like goods imported from a British or fore] country. Wi the matter wds placed before the legislative body of Newfoundland it was seen that such an agreement |[would place Canada in the same cat- egory with Jamaica—that is, that Can- ada would have to be granted a 25 per cent discount on all the goods she sent into Newfoundland. An attempt was made to forestall this situation by an amendment to the Newfoundland tariff 1dw, whereby it was made possible for the nation to extend to any country within the British Empire any preferen- tial customs tariff treatment accorded by treaty or otherwise to any foreign country. Thus it was believed that Can- ada would be granted the best terms granted to any foreign country, but not necessarily the which had been granted to a country within the empire. Loss Too Heavy. It was pointed out that in view of the millions of dollars of imports re- celved from Canada the loss in rev- enue would be more than Newfound- land could stand, especially as her ex- ports to Canada were only about $2,500,- 000 a«year. But the Canadian minister of finance thought that the agreement should stend as originally worded, and on the day after the Newfoundland Legisla- ture had closed, an order-in-council ‘was passed substantiating the Canadian view. There was immediate protest from the Newfoundland customs depart- ment, appeal was taken to the minister of justice, who canceled the order-in- council and the concessions were again placed on the basis of those granted to “any fore| country.” It was with this understanding that the agreement was to have been put into operation by the Newfoundland customs department, but Canada took the opposite stand, with the result that the agreement passed into oblivion. -t Bureau Will Check Youthful Criminals From the San Antonio Evening News. Crime Prevention Bureau of the New York Police Department—Ilately estab- lished—will be devoted to the activities which its title suggests, among the city’s boys and girls. Workers skilled in han- dling juvenile problems will strive to save the young people from .mischief by keeping them busy. These officers and the patrolmen on beats will take the names of juventles found loafing on the streets, in pool halls or questionable re- mrn.orlnhld'gg:‘pmA The names will be sent to service organiza- Direau in providing estul Gmployment ureau viding useful Employment and a he‘?mful environment !orm::‘hfl‘ dren who are in the way of becoming delin uen;.m scheme was suggested by the re- cent conference on_juveniles c.r{me pre- Ywenh:l!nn. to whlch’ Police wsommh!kmfl! len appealed for advice, %b s the method is better than wal "mu‘;gl the boy or girl is in Juvenile Court be- fore lp&lilu corrective measures. Mean- while child’s may have suffered serious, if not 3 it Results. It seems, however, that these trade agreements, although comparatively in- significant as factors in international 3::“1 Heretofare, police mnhcht.:mh the after they have E:Q inte mi . Start- with them bef more pleasant around and {ar méegeftective, | WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1929. THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover Books may be educational, recrea- tional, inspirational, in addition to be- ing many other things, of course, such as demoralizing, boresome, depressing. One of the biographies of 1929, written in the “new” style, which stresses char- acter and personality more than achieve- ments, may be considered an educa- tional course on the French Revolution, seems to on> reader at least more in- tensely interesting than any of the cent novels, but above all has the spirational qual This is “A Daugh- ter of the Roland,” by Jeanette Eaton. story of the stormy life of the woman who was undoubtedly the most heroic figure of the French Revolution is told with enthusiastic sympathy by Jean- ette Eaton. Drawn even by a_less skiliful hand, th: character of Mme. Roland would still be a notable example of the conquest of external circum- stances by pure mind. “It is by this detached, intellectual vitality rather than for any other attribute that Mme. Roland stands forth as a rare example of womankind. Other women have been brave and capable of heroic sacrifice. But all too few have preserved as she did that self indestructible—not only untouched by circumstance, but free from the fierce claims of personal emo- tion.” * ok k Arrested in her home, without legal process, and carried to the Abbaye pris- on, she remained calm, even happy, thinking with satisfaction that her hus- band, whom she had just sent out of Paris, might escape, that “if the Com- mune had her, they might well let R land go.” As she passed within the thick dirty walls of the Abbaye, the jailer's wife said wonderingly, “Few women who have come here have an air as serene as yours, madame.” Dur- ing her first evening in prison. she heard the tocsin sound and remembered that only nine months before political prisoners had been dragged from their beds in the Abbaye and murdered by hired assassins. Yet she slept well. On her first morning in prison, she “rose, dressed, arranged her books—an English_dictionary, Thompson’s poems, Plutarch and David Hume.” Much of her time was spent in “writing sketches of the public men she'd known and comment on the revolution as she'd lived through it. She called the whole her ‘Notices Historiques.’” The sheets were carried away secretly by a friend and hidden for future publication. cept for the luxury of a private room, at her own expense, she accepted the pro- visions made for the poorest prisoners and spent the money saved in helping the poor and sick prisoners. Later she was released for a few hours and then rearrested and taken to the prison of Sainte-Pelagie, a step nearer the guil- lotine. Here, after a brief period of despair and nervous exhaustfon, she summoned her mind to take command. “‘Enough of this"’ she said, sternly. ‘What are you doing but permittin, your enemies to torture and debase you! Haven't you your books? Is your time not your own? Then use it to good advantage, Marie Philipon, and regain that independence impervious to cir- cumstance.’” She continued with her ‘Notices Historiques’ and began to write her autoblography, the last page of which was completed the night before her execution. “At the National Li- brary of Paris one can see the manu- script, almost unblemished by erasures and changes, the writing vigorous and clear.” EE Not even within sight of the guillo- tine did Mme. Roland lose her®intel- lectual control. On the morning of hey last day she ate her prison breakfast of bread and water as usual, greeted her jailer cheerfully and then carefully made her toilet for the gruesome ride through the streets of Paris. “It was in its perfection that she betrayed her sense of impending fate. She put on a frock of white English mousseline} patterned in bouquets of roses and fastened by a girdle of black velvet ribbon. She dressed her hair carefully and let it fall in its luxurious thick- ness over her shoulders. Then she donned a bonnet of blue. When the jailer came to admit her to the cor- ridor she stepj out looking more regal than she had ever permitted her- self to look in the beautiful palace of the ministry.” Her one companion in the creaking tumbril on the way to the guillotine was a terror-stricken elderly man. When the final moment came she turned to him and said gently: “Go first. You have not the strength to see me die.” In a little street close to the Seine, Marie-Jeanne Philipon had been born, in a house facing the Pont- Neuf she had passed her childhood. during her married life her homes had never been far from the Seine, and on the Place de la Revolution, now the Place de la Concorde, stood the guillo- tine where she met her death. * ok kX During the World War German liter- ature was practically at a standstill and translations into English stopped alto- gether. Recently numerous translations of German post-war literature have ap- peared: “The Gateway to Life,” PFrank Thiess; “The Days of the Kinj by Bruno Frank; “Maria Capponi,” by Rene Schickele; ay of Sacrifice,” b, Fritz von Unruh; “The Redemption of ‘Tycho Brahe,” by Max Brod; “The De- cline of the West,” by Oswald Spengler; “Defeat” and “Victory,” by Ricarda Huch; “Prisoners All,” by Oskar Maria Graf; “Trenck,” by Bruno Frank: Devil’s Shadow,” by Frank The! Devil,” by Alfred’ Neumann: “Bon: parte,” by Fritz von Unruh; “Reubeni,” by Max Brod, and “All Quiet on the Western Front,” by Erich Remarque. * ok ok ok George W. Cable, whose romances of Louisiana were much read in the 80s and 90s, dizd only about five years ago. His daughter, Lucy Leffingwell Cable Bikle, has written his biogra) 3 “George W. Cable, his Life and j7~ 4 ters.” The Cables were an old Virginia family, but George W. Cable’s mother was of Puritan ancestry, and it was the Puritan strain which predominated in his upbringing. Though he was to become a rather prolific writer of fic- tion, he was brought up to consider fiction pernicious and it was forbidden to him during his boyhood. Prejudice against the theaters, in his youth, lasted until his middle age. Mrs. Bikle says of her father: “Though he was my father, he never, until the very last years of his long life, seemed to me old. Yet, for all his youthfulness, he never seemed truly young. Greatly as he enjoyed the companionship of his children and devoted as he was to their happiness, his endeavor, con- scious or unconscious, was always to lift them toward the level of his own mind rather than to .bend down to theirs. * * * He was never intolerant of any expression of opinion honestly ar- rived at, but he could not endure. lazi- ness of mind or slovenliness of thought. For all that, his philosophy of life was a sunny one.” The letters of Mr. Cable fill the greater part of the volume, let- ters written to members of his family, relatives, friends and fellow writers. They show variety of interest, human sympathy and humor. The names of nearly all the authors, artists and statesmen prominent in England and the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century appear in them. * ok x x ‘The Scotch house of Stuart has al- hi and recent history dealing with the tragic story of the Stuarts is called “Scotland'’s Royal Line, The Tragic House of Stu- art, with a Personal Biography of that Hero of Romance and Misfortune, Prince Charles Edward,” by Grant R. Francis. The Stuart line was founded ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Many readers send in questions signed only with initials, asking that the an- swers appear in the newspaper. The space is limited and would not accommodate a fraction of such requests. The answers published are ones that may interest many readers, rather than the one who asks the question only. All questions should be accompanied by the writer’s name and address and 2 cents in coin or stamps for reply. Send your question te The Evening Star Information Bu- reau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Wash- ington, D. C. Q. Does the film for a sound picture last as long as for a silent picture?— A. R, A. At the present time it does not. ‘The life of sound prints is from 50 ‘o 75 days, while the silent print lasls from 90 to 120 days. Q. How old was Finn Malmgren, the Swedish meteorologist, who accompanied the ill-fated Polar flight of the Italla and lost his life?—C. D. A. Dr. Malmgren was 33 years of age. He had spent the best part of six years in the Arctic regions. Q. Is the fruit edible that grows on a _hedge occasionally? It looks some- what like an orange.—V. M. W. A. The osage or hedge orange is poisonouss, It is seldom seen because hedges are cut closely. It is when the hedge grows to a height of eight or ten feet and is untrimmed for several sea- sons that the orange develops. Q. Was the Reims Cathedral com- pletely destroyed-—W. B. A. Tt was not completely destroyed and is in the process of reconstruction. Q. _Are Eskimos subject to rickets? —C. E. A. Government physicians say that rickets is a disease which is practically unknown among Eskimos. It is ble that cases may occur, but the disease is by no means common. Q. Which feathers in_ birds’ wings are the flight feathers?>—L. M. A. It is believed that in the develop- ment of wings and powers or flight in | L. birds whose feathers nearest the body were the first to become serviceable, but now the most important flight feathers are those of the outer margin. ‘Wing feathers vary in strength, shape and power of flight according to the mode of life of the different birds. Q. I recently read something about the flattest thing in the world. What is 1t?2—J. H. A. The flattest surfaces in the world are three disks in the Bureau of Stand- ards made from clear fused quartz or silica glass. Q. How did alumni associations start?—E. M. A. The organization of those who have been students is characteristic of American schools. The first alumni association was established at Willlams College in 1821. For many years alumni organizations were chiefly social, affording opportunity for the reunion of friends. As these associations de- veloped, however, they proved to bLe useful not.only in welding former stu- dents together in friendship, but in maintaining interest in and, in some cases, supplying funds for the various Q. When a dog crcsses a rabbit track and turns to follow it, how can the dog tell which way the rabbit is going?— A N . B. ‘A. The older the rabbit track the colder it gets, and the dog usually smells a small length of it and decides in which direction the rabbit has gone. Dogs probably use the hunting instinct as well as the sense of smell in determining the direction a rabbit has taken. Q. Can one go by railroad into Kash- mir?—A. L. B. A. There is no railroad. A rough two-wheeled cart, called a tonga, drawn by two ponies, has been the mode of travel, but is now being superseded by motor car service. Q. What causes double-jointedness? —V. 8. A. It is caused by loose ligaments around the jcints. People possessing such ligaments have a wider latitude of movement around the joints than most ple and can twist themselves into positions which would not be pos- sible for an ordinary person. Q. What will clean the clay walls of a radiant heater which has become smoked?—J. O'B. A. Since the clay which is used iz making a radiant fire heater is quite porous, nothing has been found which will clean it, satisfactorily. Q. When was the basement kitchen introduced into England?>—D. P. A. Marjorle and C. H. B. Quennell say, “The hasement kitchen was a hor- ror imported from Italy as early a3 1583 at, Barlborough, but as a general type, it belongs to the seventeenth century.” Q. Why has Lake Okeechobee in Florida remained unknown until re- cently?—G. N. E. A. This lake, the second largest in size within the confines of the United States, was, until recently, concealed in an almost impenetrable fastness. Good roads now make it easily accessible. Q. What was the last name of Oscar the chef at the old Waldorf-Astoria?— . B. B. A. His name is Oscar Tschirky. Q. Who is the governor of the Virgin I.!l;nd&’—?, R. Capt. Waldo Evans is the present governor. Q. Please give some information about l!ol;ndH Hayes, the Negro singer— A. Roland W. Hayes was born in Georgia and educated at Fisk Univer- sity. It was as a member of the Fisk University Jubilee Singers fhat Roland Hayes first attracted attention as a singer. He was heard by a wealthy music_enthusiast, who decreed that he should have further musical training. ‘This further training he received from a distinguished teacher of singing. . Was the spring that burst up at Andersonville during the Civil War in- side or outside the prison?—B. S. H. A. The spring in Andersonville Prison broke out in the center of the between the stockade and the dead line. It was thus located on the forbidden margin over which no person was al- lowed to pass. Thus in order to have the benefits of the water it was neces- schools and colleges. sary to have Capt. Wirtz give permis- sion to have it bremtht within the lines. White House Conferences Inspire Business Optimism Psychologically, the business confer- ences called by President Hoover are already accepted as tralize the disasters the ket. While some contend that the con- ferees themselves cannot increase busi- ness, in the matter of public works which are under official con- trol, the importance of their effect in showing the basic soundness of presenc conditions is recognized. “The President emphasizes again that any lack of confidence in the economic future or the basic_strengtn of business in foolish, Gazette, counteracting the effect of the period of wild speculation in the stock mar- ket. More capital must now be di- verted to the construction work of the country. The demand for' this con- struction, with a reserve accumulated through the neglect of such features for speculation, constitutes an imme- diate opportunity for expanded action.” * ok ok ¥ “We may differ on' such subjects as tariffs, prohibition and the cost of government,” according to the Brook- Iyn Daily #agle, “but the number of persons who would object to effort to prevent a repetition of is nes- ligible. Some may doubt the imme- diate need of emergency aid for busi- ness. They can say that up to the present moment the stock crash has brought no business embarrassment outside of the immediate trade of the 8] tors in te es. general price level of commodities ana the accumulated stocks of dealers. President Hoover does not deny any of this, but he evidently feels it ex- pedient to guard against even the pos- sibility of an economic let-down, so far as he can help do. so.” A request to leaders to “forget the stock-market orgy and go back to sub- stantial business operations” is seen by the St. Paul Daily News, which voices the opinion that “a unified effort this line will make it possible to dertake now, at a favorable 3 construction of public and private works, providing not only that stimu- lation of business activity to overcome the pessimism of crashing markets, bu, e a desirable purposes, if fllspos_i_tlnn to co-operate with the Pres- e * ok K Ok in the opin! Dispatch, X do Penul;e m?u.t?f presenxt = 1“ argely a mattes of psychology, & help- ot flow from ful psychological effect may ns of con- industries of every expand and for commerce to export until it hurts. * * ¢ In so far as the Fed- eral Government itself is concerned, 1t actually can helg. directly_help. The Government con the Federal Ru= serve system, for one thing. For anoth- er, it is within the power and means of the Government to engage in a large program of construction. For the rest, however, th‘& presiden ness to buy will automatically provide opportunity to sell.” would have been well advised to such a conference as soon as he was convinced that Congress, in its futile o Comtribute. anyvhing consimictive 1o contribute- ve the situation.” . i “The President can do a great deal” thinks the Charleston Evening Post, “to restore the morale of business and in- to follow presctip- of conservative and proceeding the White House or any other respect- able source. But it is worse than fool- ish for any one to make out that Mr. a ‘The Grand Rapids Press is convinced that “his words will a viewpoint direct its m:vlt:gs." cn:lu- the Times, wl e- Columbus Eve: Dispatch argues' that “the. Presigents the | own belief that such a plan is advisable will go 3 to inspire general confidence far will tical Naming of Mountain Puts Borah on Map From the Milwaukee Journal. Senator Borah, who t Idaho on the map, is nbl:\:‘t‘to.?e %L daho. The topmost ed with snow the uses of publicity. the con is of tial than | and