Evening Star Newspaper, July 28, 1929, Page 33

PRESIDENT WOULD MAKE - SCHOOLS Counts Much on VITAL FORCE Them to Maintain Healthy Reciprocal Relations Be- tween Government and People. BY JOHN MARRINAN. DUCATION—Iong - taken for granted as a good thing to be derived from a building, a book, and a protessor—is to_undergo engineering analysis. President Hoover has indicated personal interest in the relation—present and potential— between education and Government, education and law boservance and .edu- cation and citizenship. . The President recently frowned upon the common habit of making the public school system our national wishbone. But the abortive attempt to teach prohi- bition is not altogether without promise as a symptom of returning balance in dealing with our problems of national behavior. For the first time in quite a while the hardy notion that coercive regulation is the way to public and pri- vate morality has a real competitor back in the field. No recent President has manifested 50 lively and practical an interest in our educational institutions as Mr. Hoover. As Secretary of Commerce, no matter how heavily he happened to be loaded at the moment with the pressing affairs in the of an zrduous office, Mr. Hoover found it always difficult to decline invitations extended by educational .institutions. He never was more deeply distressed than when the board of trustees of a university held a special meeting to vote him a generous honorarium for deliver- ing the commencement address. And the Vistorical precedents which explained this faux pas could not quite justify it| with him. When our higher institutions of learning reported continued raids upon their scientific and technological staffs by industrial cerporations, it was Presi- dent Hoover who headed a campaign committee which has devoted much ef- fort to the preservation of pure science research in our colleges by putting the professor on something approximating economic parity with his brother who gains greater material rewards in the laboratories and shops of great indus- trial organizations. . For many years the President has manifested dcep personal interest in child-health activitics, More recently he has lent his name and the prestige of the White House to a National sur- vey of child needs. Financed privately, the products of this survey will become the basis for an educational program to be formulated subsequently by an un- official _conference on child_welfare. The Secrataryship of the Interior has always been an office to which politicans have aspired. Intrigues centering about this office have been many, and some of the scandals that have scotched its incumbents have been notorious. Not- withstanding the removal of the Bureau of Mines to_the Department of Com- merce, the Interior protfolio includes supervision over governmental activities in which an outstanding engineer might well have been obvious choice. But this department also includes the Bureau of Education and other Federal agencies having similar responsibilities. Tt was in this cabinet portfolio that President Hoover chose to make what has heen regarded as his only personal appointment. He selected his classmate and friend, Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, president of Stanford University and a man who stands high in national edu- cational councils. Although the new Secretary of the Interior found a formidable array of administrative tasks awaiting him, he early took time to practice diagnostic medicine on national education. He h2s inagurated an inquiry into the re- lation between the Government and the educational institutions of the country. This study, now taking shape under the direction of a region committee appoint- ed at a little-advertised conference held here recently, promises to contribute much to the affirmative and construc- tive aspect of our national civic prob- lems. . President Hoover, in one of his few philosophic writings, extolled American individualism. He found in it the American urge to personal achievement 7 / these things. They cannot be attrib- uted altogether to the heightened com- petition within the professions and crafts. 'There are factors down some- where near the roots of education which require attention. Sixty vears ago the complemental re- lationship between the home and the school turned out graduates who had far more reverence for the law than is possessed by the average products of a modern high school, with all its facili- ties and appurtenances.” Moreover, this happy result seems to ‘have been schieved without imposing very serious rundk:lpa upen initiative or individual- m. ‘The home was by far the more im- rortant contributor to the education of thet day. It not only sharpened the snses and imparted much knowledge of practical value, but it supplied a Fealthy emotional accompaniment to the learning of that day which greatly influenced personal conduct. Unchopped wood then meant more than in these days of push buttons and janitors; the forgotten item at the general store could stir up more domestic woe than ese days of motors, telephones and delivery services. It mattered not a great deal how arithmetic was taught or acquired in the little red school. The educational force of daily life did not suggest the employment of arith- metic in_dishonest practices. Causes |and efletts were naturally and con- | spicuously placed. The corruptions of diplomatic living were not yet invented. Today the school has a vastly greater educational burden. With the modern apartment house lad, how to teach | arithmetic becomes & much more vital matter. The problem is not so much one of imparting the subject skillfully as of supplying with it—and with all other subjects—a healthy emotional complement affecting personal conduct. The incidentals, the suggestive at- mosphere in which education proceeds, character, personality—these things be- come prime factors. The retarded boy whose diffidence, hunger for praise or fear of failure develops cheating hab- its; the clever young sanguine who, bored at normal class progress, be- comes a plausible bluffer or a good guesser, These lads-have lost more in school than a good foundation in arithmetic. Under the crowded, pushing and compromising methods of modern in- struction it 1s not difficult to turn out large numbers of expert accountants where yesterday we had mere book- keepers. It is also easy to develop a fearsome percentage of cheats and bud- ding embezzlers. The ignoramus has always been an | object of scorn in America. We have worshiped knowledge, and the pur- veyors of facts have held our esteem in increasing measure as we passed from the simple fundamentals to the sclences, the arts and to philosophy. Now there appears a suspicion abroa at least the President entertains it— that knowledge without healthy social impulses becomes a liability, if not a real danger. And we are moved to examine our educational yardsticks ana dividends. We may have to revise our estimates of the relative importance of primary school teachers and of university pro- fessors. The former deal during forma- tive periods with human factors vitally affecting our impulses, our behaviour and our eventual attitude toward law observance. The university doctors do not exercise nearly so much influence, even with the lesser numbers with which they have contact. So long as they. remain straight in their facts and conclusions, so long as their philosophy is sound and their stimulation of the imagination healthy, they can contrib- ute little that is fundamentally harm- ful. By ‘the time human material reaches them basic habits have been formed, capacities enlarged or con- stricted. They can produce intellectual unbalances: they may nurture crimina’ tendencies, but in the 'latter instance they only build upon a_foundation pre- | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY. 28, :1929—PART 2. A Man’s Man Helps Run Army “Pat” Hurley, Assistant Secretary of War, a Lawyer, Business Man, War Hero and Diplomat. BY WILLIAM BARD. MONG the many men from the political tall grass whom Mr, Hoover has brought into his ad- ministration there are few more worthy of mark, and .perhaps none more destined to mark, than Col. Patrick Jay Hurley of Oklahoma, first assistant to James W. Good in_ the management of the Department of War. Mr. Good has what the head of any department should primarily have— namely, sense. Mr. Good has almost a genius for sense. His head is cool and his heart warm. With heart and head working together, he manages almost invariably to go just simply humanly | right. He could give sense to any de- | partment. For its professional tech- nique he would look to his subordi- nates. In the Department of War he can gaze with peculiar confidence at | “Pat” Hurley. 1 Mr. Good is wholly a civillan. Mr.| Hurley, as befits an organizer of the | immediate details of national defense, has been a frequent warrior from his | youth up. . ! Successful Business Man. Mr. Geod is a lawyer. 8o is Mr. Hur- | ley; but Mr. Hurley, as befits an Assist- | ant Secretary of War charged especially | with the duty of instilling wartime pre- | paredness into out commerce and into COL. PATRICK J. HURLEY. He organizes the details of America’s national defense. —Photo by Bachrach. an oil operator. He makes a specialty of collecting definitions of oil operators. His latest is: 4 “An oil operater is a man who doesn’t know whether he is four feet from a million dollars or a million feet from four dollars.” Mr. Hurley is by temperament equally good at taking rents and taking chances. At 19 years of age he was a captain of cavalry in the Indian Territory Vol- unteer Militia. There was at that time |in the Indian Territory a darting and | | striking Indian chieftain by the name | Young _Patrick, took up arms of ‘“Crazy Snake’ quite appropriately, against him. It is characteristic of Hurley'’s ma- tured fair-mindedness—and irony—that Four years earlier he had worked his | way down into Texas in search of an , ampler war. There was one thing that | he knew he could do. He could ride. | He was, in fact, earning his living by | riding. He was riding for a ranch called | | the “Lazy 8. It branded its cattle with | an “S" that lay on its side in a lazy | manner. Young Patrick pursued cows | thus branded, and since he pursued | them on a horse he felt himself quali- | | fled to serve in the war for which Texas men were then being organized. That war, as he understood it. was to | be conducted by “rough riders.” He felt that he already was one. He repaired to the spot where the others out of that | part of the country were assembling. | They seemed satisfied with his riding. our industry, is additionally a business | he does not seem to be quite sure now | They seemed satisfied with his height. | man, and a highly successful one. If fighting was the chief business of | ancient man, and if business is the| | whether it was his side or Crazy Snake's | They took exteg side that was really in the right. Crazy Snake’s side seems to have been under ¢ tion, however, to his i ambitiousness. They rode roughly over it. They pointed out to him the com- chief belligerency of modern man, Mr. | the general impression that the white | plete adulthood of Theodore Roosevelt Hurley is a sort of condensed song book | men had engaged to leave reserved |and the venerability of Spain. of “Hymns, Ancient and Modern.” He delights in erecting and owning business buildings. He has one in ‘Wichita, Kans, He has one in Okla- homa City. He has five in Tulsa, which is his home. He long has had a_very considerable one in Washington. He is devoted to real estate. He seems to be- lieve profoundly in the stability of be- | ing a landlord. | He also seems to belleve profoundly, | however, in petroleum—which is_a | proposition not quite so stable. He garnered a lot of ble experience as | lands of the Indians undivided and unmolested for as long as grass should | grow or water flow. Young Patrick’s side seems to have been under the gen- eral impression that the Indians, as situated, were impediments to better water and to better grass and to the ultimate perfecting of the planet. Whatever the merits of the argument may have been, young Patrick found | himself on his own side, and took it. He had the fighting will to be a soldier, wijl to be an officer. They | | counseled him, in sum, to leave differ- ences of opinion between Theodore | | Roosevelt and Spain alone till he was | more than 15 years old. u | He returned to peace among the | | Creeks and Choctaws | brethren of Crazy Snake. Born in Choctaw Nation. He had first seen the light of day in a | region called simply “Choctaw Nation.” | | That was the name of the tribe and | and other He has | and even at 19 he had the commanding | that was also the name of the region. | | It was 2 long and wide region, but its | only postoffice address, if any, was just “Choctaw Nation.” 1t consisted of outdoors and lots of it. Young Patrick was born on a country- side that had no side but country. He was not aware of towns. Fairly enough. though, he became aware of the soil's subsurface. A white man's organization, called the Atoka Coal and Mining Co., had sunk a num- ber of shafts into various nearby sub- surface veins of coal. Young Patrick’s father had suffered a severe accident in the course of an encounter with a horse. His mother and his sisters needed all the help that he could give them. At the age of 11 he accordingly entered his first school. It was the Atoka Coal and Mining Company’s shaft No. 6. There he studied from the age of 11 to the age of 14. The principal object of his studiousness was a mule entitled “Kicking Pete.” drove he thoroughly analyzed and mastered. He was able to draw copiously upon previous experiences with mules. He became, admittedly, one of the most learned local scholars in mule driving. And, As to That Mule. Years later a political opponent of his | remarked that he would concede the| point that “Pat” Hurley could drive mules and that he himself could not. Hurley, in a bantering speech, pres-; ently replied: “I want to give my friend a hint about mules. I was plowing once with [ 1 was a kid, but I eould hold 1 came to the end of a furrow and said, ‘Haw.’ The mule went ‘haw.’ I was startled and I |let out a volley of mule language and | 1 jerked at the lines till the mule | turned and went ‘gee.’ My father came | me and said: Yes, father,' I said. “‘And you blamed’the mule for not lénow'lng that you meant to say ‘gee,’ i The Story the Week Has Told This mule which he | SENATE DUE 3 TO SLASH TARIFF RATES OF HOUSE Undue Advantage phere Taken by Fa BY MARK SULLIVAN. HE 'Republican members of. the Senate finance committee are writing what will be the first draft of the Senate version of the new tariff. It is a guarded E.I'OMB. properly so. But Washington s & strong impression that the Senate version of the bill will be lower than the version the House already has passd. If 50, it will be a departure from prec- edent—the common rule is for the Senate to write higher duties. than the House. Likewise, it will be a_departure from what was the universal expecta- | tion when the bill went to the Senate. Everybody believed the Senate would | preserve all the increases made by the g{vc;x;un—nnd add further increases of its These defeated expectations comprise the present stage of the tariff in its en- tirety. And the present stage is close to the final phase of a curious evolution that began about last January. Early Tariff Intentions. ‘The early intentions and the early program for this tariff revision divided it into two parts. As to farm products, the revision was to be both broad and high. It ‘was to take in every farm product and a good many potential farm products; as to height, the duties on farm products were to be about whatever the spokesmen of farmers asked for. With respect to commodities other then agricultural, the early intention and program was that the revision should be strictly limited, that only such commodities shonld be touched as were in obvious and immediate need of higher duties. The figure “three” often | was used as the number of non-agricul- tural schedules that would be revised. ‘That being the initial stage of thought, what happened? What brought about the rather different course that was followed? Spokesmen Take Too Much Rope. First of all, the spokesmen for farm- ers took too much rope. They took un- due advantage of an atmosphere that was extravagantly friendly to them. They demanded, for example, a tariff on bananas—on the theory that if ba- | nanas were kept out of the country, or made more expensive, people would eat fruits grovn in America. The spokes- men for farmers pushed the theory of protection farther than manufacturers { had ever pushed it. The farmer spokes- | men said, in effect, that not only should | every farm crop raised in America be | highly protected: they said. further, | that even though a commodity cannot be raised in the, United States, a duty — In several ca: an exclusive duty— should be laid on it for the purpose of { causing_Americans to consume subst tutes which can be raised here. One example of this kind of demand was bananas. Another was jute. Jute | cannot be raised in the United States. | Nevertheless, an official spokesman for farmers _demanded—and has repeated | the demand in the Senate hearings | within 10 days—that an exclusive tariff should be placed on jute. The theory is that if jute is kept out of the coun- try. cotton will be used as a substitute in the making of bagging. It is admitted that bagging made of cotton will cost | I | | more. i, The lengths to which demands by | farmer spokesmen went created, so to | speak, an atmosphere of extravagant | demands all around (atmosphere counts much in tariff revision). The manu- acturers, sefising the atmosphere, | rushed forward during last February and March with insistence that the revision on manufactured products should not be limited—that it should be a broad. general revision; and that the duties should be high. Group Fairly Restrained. In that atmosphere the ways and means committee (the tariff-writing committee) of the Lower House went to work. Considering that the atmos- phere was what it was, the ways and of Friendly Atmos- rm Spokesmen and Extravagant Demands Followed. cient search for duties that could be ree duced. Probably the minds of the com= mittee were not on reductions; they were focused on the commodities forced upon their attention, commodities as to which raises were demanded. In any event, we know now that the wavs and means committee could have reduced, as one example, the tariff on | automobiles without objection from the automobile manufacturers. The net fact is that the bill as origi= nally written by the ways and means committe was not so seriously subject to objections as it later became. After the ways and means committee had written its first draft of the bill | there ensued a hectic period, partici- pated in by the members of the House | as a whole, in which members who had been disappointed by the committee made a last-ditch fight. It was in that | period that the tariff took on most of the features that later were assailed by public opinion. | . The passage of the bill by the Lower House completed the first stage of its | evolution. The farmers’ spokesmen were | almost, though not quite, satisfied. The | state of mind of the manufacturers was | expressed by cne who said they had got | a good deal in the Lower House and | would get more in the Senate. | The bill went to the Senate. The uni- versal expectation was that the Senate would write higher duties than the Houss. But several things happened. Senator Borzh introduced a resolution to the effect that the tariff revision should be confined to farm commodities | only, including only such manufactured goods as are incidental to farm crops. | The resolution, supported by a combina- | tion of insurgent Republicans with sub- stantially all the Democrats, came with- | in one vote of passing the Senate. That | showed the high-tariff Republicans in the Senate that they had formidable | opposition. |, In the meantime, most of the press of the country and practically all the press in the farming sections denounced the | bill, especially the increased rate on sugar. In the meantime. also. members of the Lower House went back to their dis- tricts for vacation. There, especially in the farming districts, they learned the | state of public feeling. They recalled, or had recalled to them. what happened to | the Republican Congress which in 1909 wrote a tariff higher than the public approved. Members of the Lower House,’ | subjected to these influences, began to | regTet the height of the bill they had | passed. and their regret communicated itself through party channels to Repub~ | lican Senators. | Another Powerful Factor. ! 'There was another powerful factor. Many foreign nations protested against the rates in the new bill. Ordinarily | such protests from abroad about our tariff are jeered at. But this time, if | the foreign protests did not make a | direct impression on Senators, they made an impression on American busi- ness men and thereafter indirectly on | Senators. Many of the largest figures in American industry are exporters. The automobile manufacturers, for ex- ample, depend on exports for the futurs expansion of their trade. Therefore |they want good will abroad. And therefofe several sections of American | business threw their weight behind the sentiment for making the tariff more | moderate. | "As the resultant of these and other pressures, the Senate finance commit- | tee, according to common belief, "will | write a version of the tariff bill con- spicuously lower than the House ver- | sion. Thereafter the Senate as a whole | will, in Senator Heflin's expressive phrase, “operate” on the hill. The tend- ency of the Senate peration” will | be_to make the bill lower yet. Yet it would be rash to predict that a conspicuously low tariff bill will be | passed by this Congress. I have said that atmosphere counts much in a | tariff revision. A tariff tends to be conspicuously low or conspicuousis high. One can realize the cause by viously laid. Our schools and colleges are not alone involved in the processes of conven- | | means committee was fairly restrained. | o idering the case of almost any in- 1t called its work not a tariff revision, | dividual Congressman. but a “tariff readjustment.” and that| A Congressman as a rule has in his and national progress. While altogether sympathetic with 1eal economies realized through far- dsome majority of | think we may say. cuite the most loquent. William Graham, president the Britsh Soard of Trade, has an- Representatives of the British and the bill by the han BY HENRY W. BUNN. | | cninese governments are negotiating | 242 to 30. So that's over, and inciden- | € jof fiung and lawfully conceived business organizations: while unwilling to indict any American institution merely on the ground of its size, the. President has heen somewhat concerned by the grow- ing impersonality of business, its multi- plying remote controls, and the conse- quent military methods of administra- tion. These developments may keep red ink out of ledgers, but they do not promote American individualism. With these presidential views in mind, | it is not difficult to understand why the White House is reported to oppose any move in the direction of a Federal dic- tatorship of public instruction. The| President holds that the American pub- lic_school system should be a decen- tralized organization, with full oppor- tunit; for unhampered community man- agement. The local community has the greatest civic investment in the schools. It is closer to their real needs than the most enlightened centralized control could be. Some day the Federal Gov- ernment may provide better clearing- house facilities for the dissemination of information regarding successful educa- tional projects. It is even possible that an educational laboratory, with model schools, may be ‘provided. But such a promotive facility would deal with method more than with matter. In the Department of Agriculture and” in the Department of Commerce promotive ac- tivities of this general character have paid real dividends. ‘While important questions of economy and of adaptation to modern conditions appear in any consideration of what| &hould be taught, the questions of how | to teach are constantly pressing to the fore. 1t is being recognized that the “how” of teaching has much to do wlth’ shaping habits of thought and of feel- ing affecting personal conduct. Differ- ent teachers and different schools exert manifestly and sometimes strikingly different _influences over the personal lives of their students. Sometimes the incidentals of education seem more po- tent than formal instruction: Notwithstanding the persistence of in- . feriority complexes among successful «gasoline or gugar, * dealing ecuirment I ' things we men who lack college degrees, it is being gradually established that life in all its modes and moods, from birth to senility, is the real educator. The school and its big brother, the college, are only auxiliary devices to emphasize certain helpful aspects of life, to ac- celerate a review of what preceding generations have accomplished in their struggle to advance, the tools they used advantageously, the things they found wanting and rejected, the helpful, affirmative experience of the race. Cotemporary education does a fair- 1y good job with the intellectual side of life. When we emerge from school portals we know much more than did our grandfathers. But how about the emotional accomplishments of this knowledge? How do we feel about the know? How strong is the urge to live in terms of our knowledgé? It is important that our law schools turn out barristers who are profession- &ly qualified. It is more important that ey graduate men and women who will not barter their obligation to the state for a pittance. It is important that we produce com- petent chemists. It is more lm?runz i that we train men and women who will not m‘?m’ scientific knowledge in the criminal arts. g 1t is important that our trade schools and shops develop able mechanics. It is more important that they produce mechanics who will not become ‘;ficp- - sters,” who will not manufacture devices, who will not corrupt knowledge and mechanical skill to steal or _furnish . death- to {he eriminal. Tost greduate work does set explain, tional education. Such relatively nesw American institutions as the radio and the motion picture have an inescapalle responsibility in public education. The press long ago recognized such respon- sibility. However, these modern com- mercial bonanzas, exulting over new domains of science subjugated—not- withstanding their hired moral men- tors—seem at the moment preoccupied with the human thrills of popularity, applause, profits. Their civic responsi- bilitles are temporarily submerged. But. in one way or another, it appears inevi- table that they must give heed to pub- lic_obligations. The church and its many allied so- cial service institutions have been prac- ticing self-examination, and are still at it. Thoughtful and observanc churchmen generally concede that reli- gion has not yet integrated itself into modern life in an effective manner. They search for ways and means to 1c- vitalize religion and to adapt its work- ing technique to modern conditions. The so-called “life adjustment ‘center” conducted by a Washington church is a laboratory experiment in this direc- tion. Other churchmen, influenced by the current urge to motion, speed, re- sults—and with no less commendable purpose—try novel methods ranging from enticement to coercion—free en- tertainments, blue laws. Many essentially religious people re- gard morality and spirituality-as differ- ing only in degree. However, to dis- cuss with any frankness the church aspect of our educational problem re- quires a deal of discretionless valor, We criticize the churchman for his detachment, his isolation, and by our own polite refrainments we make that isolation more complete. 2 But there is some friendly genius of indirection in prewar quotation. Let us go back 16 years. In June, 1913, this writer discussed in the Pedagogical Seminary, a journal devoted to the technique of education, some phases of the educational responsibility of the church. By special permission of the publishers, The Star is able to repro- duce excerpts from this copyrighted ar- ticle, which was edited by the late Dr. G. Stanley Hall, then president of Clark University and a leader in the educational thought of the couniry. “Dr. Faunce (then president of Brown University) has said: ‘The men who sit at the head of the pew cn Sunday morning are probably beyond the period when great changes are possible. Why should they wish to 1e- model a life—if it were possible for them to do so—remodel a life which the world has honored, or reconstruct a soclety which has given them wealth. influence? They can obe ed in good resolves alrcedy made; they can be comforted in trou- ble; but their religious education is at an end; their successful career las been the finishing school.’ ‘n“l'hm‘ll a Ee'llth of good the foregoing. a pedagogy repudiates’ the ‘never too late to mend’ phmrhy. and further ints the channel through which rdlxglu educa- tion must proceed if it is to rise above formalism deeds of men. “Lét us consider briefly the guiding principles which must direct religious education. The philosophy of ‘first the blade, then the ear, then the full corn in the ear’ should. be & fundamental in both secular and religious education. P e e al N “ofi‘- not as declaration t education rather should be sion of life itself. unfold_a_measure of child-| ~ (Continued on Sixth and find its expression in the | The HE following is a brief summary | of the most important news of | the world for the seven days l ended July 27: * k kX - | GREAT BRITAIN.—On July 26 the Westminster Parliament adjourned to October 29. On July 24 Premier MacDonald, ad- dressing the Commons on the subject of the conversations concerning naval | disarmament, made two important an- nouncements: (1) That he would prob- ably visit Washington in October and (2) that the British government had, “as a beau geste,” ordered suspension of work on two cruisers, one submarine depot ship and two submarines and the slowing down of other naval construc- tion. An answering beau geste was at once forthcoming from Washington. The keels of three American cruisers were to be laid dewn some time this Fall. “We shall not,” says the President, “lay thcse keels until there has been opportunity for full consideration of their effect upon the final agreement for parity between the navies of -the United States and Creat Britain, which we expect to reach.” There are, moreover, indications that the British government proposes to sus- pend work on the Singapore naval base. Lord Lloyd has resigned as_British high commissioner for Egypt. The an- nouncement in the Commons of the resignation and its acceptance caused a mug:ty sensation. Pressed to explain, Arthur Henderson, the foreign secretary, said: “If I have to state the "‘Qg:u' I must say that I had sent an inf = tion to Lord Lloyd, based on the atti- tude he had adopted toward the policy of the present government, of such a character that the average person would accept it as an invitation to terminate his position.” . Thereupon Winston Churchill de- manded a full debate on the business and it took place the next day. It would seem that the opposition were not well advised in their mode of at- tack; insinuating, as they seem to have glvemmem had been negotiating with the Egyptian authori- tles behind the commissioner's back and failing to make good the insinu- ation. The fact seems to be that Lord Liloyd was a little too stiff and uncom- promising even for the late govern- ment; thatthe new government satis- fied themselves upon an exchange of views that he was not their man, and that & new commissioner was indicated, It does not necessarily follow, of course, that the nt is well ad- vised in its intentions, whatever pre- cisely they may be, with respect to Egypt. Lord Lloyd has had a very dis- iis] toward a comprehensive commercial treaty on a basis of reciprocity and complete equality. * ok Kk FRANCE.—Early in the morning of Sunday the French Chamber by a ma- | jority of eight votes authorized the Pres- ident of France to ratify by his signature the Mellon-Berenger and Churchill- Caillaux. agreements, providing for fund- ing of the debts of France to the United States and Great Britain. The authori- zation was without reservations, a mo- tion offered by the finance commission of the chamber to include such reserva- tions having been defeated 301 to 276. A motion to the following effect was carried: “The chamber, considering that France will be unable to find the means necessary to the execution of the debt settlement accords excepting from the regular fulfillment of Germany's obli- gations as outlined in the Young plan, solemnly declares that it is in this spirit alone that it authorizes ratifica- tion of said accords, and invites the government to watch closely the regular payment of annuities destined by the Young plan to the reimbursement of France's external debts.” This motion was not attached to the ratification bill and does not affect it. On the twenty-sixth, after a some- what formal debate, the Senate passed Looking Around the Corner . BY BRUCE BARTON. N his way back to a col- lege reunion, one of my _friends stopped off in 2 had spent “How is business?” he asked a a local merchant. “Awful bad,” was the reply. “And what's more, | don't like the outlook.” ion that might develop a lot of trouble. At lea the way it looks to me.” My friend lighted a ci leaned over the eount “George,” said he familiarly, uthese are almost exactly the same words | used to hear from ¢ ers when | w. nce | left, and most of old storekeepers have died. al notice of the How much money do You think they left? Between a hundred thousand and two hundred thousand del- lars each. And here's the funny business are likely to engage our at- ten thing—every penny was made out of businesses which we verge of getting ever so much worse.” | suppose that if gravestones L years by the fear of bad developments, most of which never -occurred.” tle town where he - tally Prance will not be required to pa: | gust 1 the war stocks debt, buf the latter will continue merged in th war debt proper. to be gradually liqui: | dated over the rolling years. | | The life of Poincare, now 70 years of | age, has been one long scene of forensic ' struggle, 80 to speak. and it has known | no more fierce or bitter phase than that | of the past month. His triumph left Itha magnificent old man thoroughly | | ;xhlusud and under the doctor’s or-) ers. Parliament has adjourned to October. | Agreements now have been consum- | mated converging all the war debts ow- ing the United States except that of | Russia (the principal of which is, T believe, about $187,000,000), Oh, e cepting also, if you please, the Armerian | debt, which lapsed upon the lapsing of the independent Armenian state. Aristide Briand has anncunced the | intention of laying before the coming League Assembly, & plan. contemplating an “economic United States of Europe.” The world awaits with great curiosity the presentation ot that plan. The idea is not new, of cowse, and it has had able, even eloquent, advocates, as M. Loucheur, M. Herriot and Count Cou- denhove-Kalergi, but it is now su- premely fortunate in having for advo- cate the man who is at once one of the ablest men m the world, and, I Even very wise men, as their years have increased, have suf- fered from the evil habit of fearing the worst. The Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, who died 200 years ago in Boston, was the most eminent graduate of Har- vard and virtually the founder of Yale. He had courage and a wonderful m Yet in his old age he viewed the future disqonsolately. He concluded that God had brought the Pilgrims across the ocean to “a New England des: had obviously been accomplished and that the whole colony would “soon come to naught.”” The colony shows no sign coming to naught, but the doubtless a million men in it today who are losing the fun of their current success because of of re e darkness; duty is to cultivate the habit of not looking around the ,corner.” « Those of us who do not look -are likely to get an unexpected bump occasionally, but how much faster we travell. .And what a lot more fun we have because of the imaginary bumps that we miss] . telli _ (Copyrisht. 1029 nounced his lack of sympathy with the | idea. This is interesting and important, ut increases rather than abates our curiosity. On July 25, Paris very just- 1y celebrated the twentieth enniversary of the first suparvolation ¢f the Eng- lish Channel, by M. Bleriot. Bleriot's machine was constructed of wood and canvas; its motor was of about 20 horsepower; the flight of about 22 miles | s accomplisied in about haif an our. shared in the en::rprise are clive and shared with Bleriot the honors of the celebration. * k x # GERMANY.—Prof. Hans G. L. Del- brueck, the German historian, is dead at 80, He was, perhaps, the most dis- tinguished of the apologists for Ger- | many in respect of the arigin of the World War, and the claim is sufficient- ly plausible that his was the most in- fluential of all voices toward the vic- tory (now overwhelming) in Germany of the sentiment that Germany was not “guilty” in regard of the outbreak of the war. That claim granted, he must be recognized as one of the most important figures of the past decade. Of his vast output of historical writ- ings, the monumental “History of War” is considered the most important. More than fulfilling the expectations raised by her ., the new liner Bremen of the North German Lloyd Co. made her maiden transatlantic voy- age from Cherbourg Breakwater 1o Am- brose Light in the record time of 4 days 17 hours and 42 minutes, her av- erage speed being 27.83 knots, and so doing was well within her speed possi- bilities. At last the Mauretania (queen of the Atlantic for how long? Some 19 years, I think) must surrender the crown—her record beaten by 8 hours and 52 minutes. = Her officers and crew promptly sent congratulations to the officers and crew of the Bremen. 1t is, however, expected that before long a daughter of England, “one of the wllners building for the Cunard and ite Star Lines, respectively, will snatch the crown from the swift-heeled German nymph.” But, whether her triumph be long or short lived, we con- gratulate the Bremen. * kK K CHINA.—On July 22 formal replies were received by Secretary Stimson to his reminder to the Chinese and Rus- sian governments (to the latter through French diplomatic channels) that they were signatories of the Kellogg-Briand anti-war pact. The replies were satis- factory, both governments averring that they intended to abide by the treaty and had no intention of going to war over the Chinese Eastern Railway dis- pute. The Russian reply, of course, came by the same French route traveled by the reminder. date declared that reports of Russian advances or attempts to advance across the Manchurian frontier were untrue. on Jfi 22, the Soviet government announ declination of an offer by the Frensh government to mediate. Says the official communique: “The offer is 0 purpose owing to the refusal of the Chinese authorities to restore the legal position violated by them, which restoration constitutes a necessary con- dition for settlement”—ie, to restore the status of the railroad prior to the Chinese cou ‘We hear tiary left Nanking for Moscow yester- day to discuss a settlement. has arisen owing to Some confusion the fact that the settlement on the All four of the mechanics, who | Advices of the same | jyoon Phat & Chinese vlenipoten- | phrase appears as the official title of the committee’s documents. The ways and means committee gave the farmers almost as much. though not quite, as the farmers' spokesmen demanded, and to do that ,was consistent with what everybody Z'sented to as the pri- mary purpose of the revision. As respects non-farming commodi- ties, the ways and means committee made a fair effort to hold the lid down The bill as written by the ways and means committee was net greatly ex- | travagant, either as respects scope or | as respects height of duties, except in a few cases. { * Perhaps the ways and means commit- ! tee did not make as strenuous an effart | as it might have made. It is now clear | that the committee did not make suffi- and western part is Pogranichnaya: i Neither Chinese and named Suifenho. | 1t is ot surprising, then, that Russian troops having (correctly) been reported | as entering the border settlement. they i should (incorrectly) have been reported as_invading Manchuria. What is called a ‘“conservative esti- | mate” finds fully half of the approxi- mately seven and a half million in- habitants of Kansu Province doomed to starvation. Chang Tso-Lin, late super-tuchun of Manchuria and father of the present super-tuchun, Chang Hsueh-Liang, is to have the most magnificent mauseleum in Asia, to cost about the equivalent of $14,000,000. * K % % STATES OF AMERICA.—On July 24, in the east room of the White House, the ceremony took place of pro- claiming the going into effect of the Kel- logg-Briand anti-war treaty. There were present representatives of the 15 original signatories and of the 26 other govefn- ments which have adhered. President Hoover formally declared the treaty in effect and made an ad S. On July 20, a combination Princeton- Cornell track and field team beat a combination of Oxford-Cambridge team, 9 to 3, firsts only counting. Princeton won five firsts and Cornell four; Cam- bridge won two firsts and Oxford one. Of three meets in years past between teams similarly constituted, Oxford- Cambridge won two and one was tied. On the other hand, the Oxford- Cambridge tennis team has been suc- cessful in its invasion of this country, easily beating in turn combination Princeton-Williams and Yale-Harvard teams. By beating the Germans in three straight matches our Davis Cup team won_the right to meet the French team in the Davis Cup challenge round. In the singles Tilden beat Moldenhauer and Hunter beat Prenn, and Van Ryn- beat Prenn-Moldenhauer in For the fifth successive time possesgon of the cup is being fought out between French and American players. On Friday thé 26th Cochet overwhelmed Tilden in straight sets and Borotra beat Lott, to one, France, therefore, requiring vic- tory in only one of the three remaining matches to clinch possession of the cup for the third successive year. - * K ok % NOTES.—On July 25 Pope Pius XI went outside the Vatican precincts, this being the first time a Pope has done so since 1870. This ending of the long 1 period of “voluntary imprisonment” | was marked by magnificent ceremonials and was witnessed by some 300,000 persons. The international conference of gov- t_representatives for discussion lan will open at The doubles. name appears on the ordinary maps. | district oneindustry which wants a high tariff. If this Congressman can | get this one high duty he is willing | that other Congressmen shall get the | high duties they wish. Usually he is | more than willing. Usually he will co- | operate—and this is the process called | log rolling. Two Choices for Legislators. But if this Congressman cannot get the one high duty he wants, then he |1s likely to be for a low tariff ail | around, or for no tariff revision at all. A Congressman has two choices. He | can please the owners and workers in \an industry in his district by getting |a high tariff for it—and this is the choice a Congressman usually makes | if he can. His minor choice is to iden- tify himself with a movement for a low | tariff on everything—and thereby ap- peal to all the people in his district in their role of consumers. From this picture it will be seen_that if the present atmosphere continues the tariff is likely to be low. But if a tariff | is to be low, nobody has any powerful | motive for bringing it about. Conse- | quently. it is one of the possibilities that | this session, somewhere toward the end. may throw up its hands and take no action on the tariff whatever. Congressmen and Senators, and busi~ ness men as well, are likely to reason | that if they cannot get a higher tariff | they had best get along with the tariff as it is and has been since 1922. This 'state of mind is the more likely because business as a whole is not imperatively eager for a tariff revision. The evi- dence of this is that at the present mo- ment American business as a whole has greater volume and greater prosperity than at any time in its history. This could not be so if a new tariff were im- peratively needed. ‘The possibility of no tariff revision at all is further increased by the attitude of those spokesmen who represent them- selves as speaking for the farmer. They are repeating their demand for a tariff on bananas and for an exclusive tariff on jute. They are identifying them- selves with the House rate on sugar, which they say is a farm crop and must have whatever duty the raisers of sugar ask for. They are standing by the House rate on sugar, which practically all the rest of the country has con- demned. It is a common saying in Sen- ate circles that the farmers; or those who purport to represent the farmers, | are overreaching. If this sentiment | should become general, the original mo- tive for any tariff revision at all, which was to help the farmer, would cease to be potent. e | Classic Adjectives Used on Passports Polish Sassport officials report some remarkable self descriptions. Women have officially described. their own noses as ‘“graceful” “beautiful” ‘Greek,” “classical” and their mouths as “carmine,” “sensuous,” “sweet,” “in- ting One lady wrote under the head “peculiarities,” “an affectionate ;ne:crl v;le\gemnndllr;g nature.” A man as having a “sus- cegtl}:ledhelx‘!," ¥ 5 oland is still among the countrre; that discourage thelr‘ citizens {1 traveling abroad. A passport continues to cost $30. Two years ago it cost $60, equal to the monthly income of many Polish officials of long service and pro- 1 men. is now talk of reducing it to $15. Students, invalids and those who can show that they | l::'::. W:Q'{l private business get lagver