Evening Star Newspaper, July 21, 1929, Page 39

BARING IMPERIAL GALLEYS IN NEMI First of Caligula’s Ships Be- ing Uncovered, put Second Holds Greatest Interest. BY EDWARD C. STRUTT, i Special Correspondent of The Btar. ROME. July 20 (N.AN.A).—I have| just visited Lake Nemi to observe lh!i progress made in baring the imperial, galleys which have laid for centuries; under the silent waters of “Diana's! Looking Glass,” and to look with a} wondering awe upon the memories 80| far recovered of those distant days of Early Rome. 1 Draining operations are proceeding | apace, a powerful electric pumping plant having been placed on a big raft which follows the water in its slow descent. A fine new road leading from the town | of Genzano has been built on the sub- stratum of the ancient Roman road, part of which is still clearly visible. I and other members of the Italian and foreign press were thus able to motor down to the lake, where the minister of public instruction, Signor Belluzzo; Prof. Paribeni, director general of fine arts and antiquities, and several othep | mbers of the government commission | awaited us. | On my, previous visit only about seven | meters of one of the two galleys! emerged from the water, a meaningless | mass of planks and timbers, but in ex- cellent state of preservation despite im- mersion of 2,000 years. Tdea of Ancient Skill. Now more than 30 meters of the gal- ley have come to light, giving a good idea of the ancient shipwright's skill. | Although the superstructure has com- Dletely gone there are traces of the pavement, consisting of colored tiles on a hard cement-like layer six inches thick. We saw a finely modeled bronze wolf's head holding a mooring-ring in its mouth, which had just been recov- ered from the mud and which belongs to | the type of others now in the Museo Nazionale. A number of copper tiles with traces of gilding, and huge copper and iron nails also were found in the ship, which still retains its leaden sheathing. Prof. Paribeni summed up the his- | tory of the Nemi galleys, and warned |, against optimistic and pessimistic ex- tremes. “Even if nothing else of artistic or intrinsic value is found,” he said, “the fact that we have brought to light the oldest ship in the world would have justified our efforts. For it must be remembered that the famous Viking's ship. pride of Scandinavia, is only umn! years old, a mere baby compared with the galleys of Lake Nemi.” Senator Corrado Ricei, president of the Nemi{ Commission and an enthusi- astic believer in the final success of the enterprise. assured ‘me that the first galley would be completely on dry land | early in October. May Find Further Treasures. “It is probable” he added, “that as the waters recede the remaining part of the galley will be found to have re- tained its pavement and some of its superstructure, while the recent discov- erv of the fine wolf's head justifies the hope that further treasures may be re- covered. But the chief interest of archeologists centers round the larger| vessel, lying farther toward the middle of the lake, and which constitutes a most tantalizing enigma.” i Addressing the Roman Historical So- clety, Premier Mussolini said: “‘When- ever in the last five centuries an at- tempt has been made to solve the mys- tery of the imperial galleys at the bot-| tom of Lake Nemi it has thrilled- the Thearts and raised the hopes of all those who reverence the name of Rome and entertain a cult for her ancient great- ess. o “Por these submerged vessels mean something much greater and much more signifiacnt than two wrecks of the first | century: They are not merely plunged in the sparkling waters of the lake, but in the traditions of a most ancient myth, the dream of a tragic imperial | figure, the aftermath of a civilization which has reached the summit of its| magnificence and power, leaving &, dazzling trail of legends and symbols. The tradition of the palatial ships sur- vived the dark ages, for despite the mystie tendencies of Christian eciviliza- tion there still lurks in the Latin mind a nostalgic longing for the pomp and greatness of pagan and imperial Rome. Cardinal Prospero Colonna. lord of | Genzano and of Nemi, in 1447 first un- dertook to explore and possibly to re- ver the sunken galleys. e could mot have found abetter man for the task than Leon BML\SH\: ‘Alberti, poet. philosopher, architect and ‘sculptor. He constructed a floating | machine, & triumph of engineering skill for those times. and made fast to the| atern of one of the galleys stout chains by which he hoped to draw the vessel | %% "the surface. These chains were | fixed, as contemporary chronicles say. “by men who swam like fishes" re-| maining under water several minutes at | a time without any diving apparatus | Whatever. Unfortunately, the ~chains| snapped and only fragments of timber | ‘were recovered., ‘enough to load two mules.” At this stage the attempt was | abandoned. i Renews Venture in 1535. The lure of the mystery ships induced | Francesco Demarchi, a military engi- neer, of Bologna, to renew the venture, in 1535, availing himself of an in-| genlous diving suit which enabled him | o explore the sunken vessels for an| hour at a time. Blood flowed freejy from his mouth and ears owing to the enormous pressure of the water; he was attacked and severely bitten by fish, but he managed to secure to ropes large fragments of phorphyry pavement, pleces of timber with huge copper nails, exquisite ornaments in enamel and bronze, and other trophies, emerging from the water half dead, but trium- phant with his treasure. At last he, too. | Ve up the attempt, which nearly’cost | is life, and Lake Nemi remained un-; disturbed for three centuries. i In 1827 a Roman engineer, Annesio} Fusconi, built a large raft by which he ‘was able to utilize Halley's diving bell Of all the explorers he was most suc- cessful, bringing up such heavy objects | as porp columns, ‘a quantity of large colored tiles which paved the deck, and several cartloads of timber | well preserved and ruthlessly torn from | the sides of the vessel, including a; bronze “transenna” or grating, with the, inscription “Tiberius Ceasar.” { Government Steps In. To what extent the galley singled| out by Fusconi must have suffered may be judged by the fact that Prince ‘Alessandro Torlonia, multi-milllionaire banker, had a large room in his palace | entirely adorned with magnificent relics from the imperial galley. i Lake Nemi enjoyed another rest unfll‘ 1805, when a dealer in antiques. Signor | Fliseo_ Borghi, obtalned a - concession from Prince Orsini, Lord of Nemi, and having engaged expert divers started to see what he could get out of the galleys as a financial speculation. He recovered a_quantity of valuable objects of art sufficient to give an idea what the imperial galleys were like when Caligula spent naughty week ends on Lake Nemi. These bronze orna- ments included s magnificent mask of @ lion, heads of wolves, Medusa's head of exquisite workmanship, an augural or votive hand, and a large “transenna clathrata,” bronze trellis or grating. When the government decided to stop Signor Borghi's activities it bought these relics and placed them in the “Museo Nazionale”” But the most im- portant part of the treasure-trovi in- cluding a bronze statue of Sun, a D! ans and other priceless works of art had slreadr migreted to the Louvre, to | his guests were i g { the then Minister for Public Instruction Upper: Members of Ita Lower: The Crown Prince of Sweden, at Lake Nemi, looks over s THE SUNDAY STAR, s Archeological Commission examining uncovered slowly bared as the lake water in drained. Berlin and to the British Museum, or | had been bought by private collectors. | Casius Caesar, nicknamed Caligula because he always wore “caligae” or | military sandals, reigned from 37 to 41 AD. so there can be no doubt of the | approximate date of the galleyyp Cali- | gula's idea of building these mx\xnnus‘: pleasure boats was not original, but | other monarchs in even more remote | times had constructed floating palaces | with sleeping apartments, baths. minia- i ture temples and magnificent banquet- | ing halls, embellished with gold and silver ornaments and with precious | works of art. Several Theories on Sinking. Several theories have been advanced tn explain the sinking of the boats. According to the most romantic and | improbable of all, during one of his| midnight orgies Caligula, perceiving that | half unconscious from wine, thought it a good joke to revive | them by a cold bath. So he secretly | gave orders to effect large openings in | the bottom of the boats, which were | slowly engulfed with their flower-crown- | ed merrymakers, Caligula had pre- | viously rowed ashore, whence he enjoyed the scene of terror. But this must be‘ regarded as one of the many fairy tales forming the legendary lore of Lake | Nemi. When the ships have been re- | covered a ‘“post-mortem” examination | of the hulls will show finally whether there was any truth in the story. Prof. Paribeni and other archeolo- gists believe that after a long period of | abandonment an attempt was made to | draw the ship to the shore to plunder | them with greater ease. But owing to the heavy superstructures of the aimost | flat-bottomed boats and to some mis- | take in towing operations they prob- ably turned turtle and sank. | According to Gen. Malfatti, naval en- | gineer who first accurately ieasured | the vessels in 1805, the one e'oser in- shore is 64 meters long by 20 wide, while the other ship, lying in much | deeper water, is 71 meters by 24.50. | Must Lower Lake Level. To leave the galleys high and dry it | is necessary to lower the level of the lake by about 22 meters, pumping 31‘ million cubic meters of water through | the underground outlet built by the ancient. Romans, and leaving 7 mlll\on‘ cubic meters, thus reducing the surface | of the lake from 1,719,000 square meters | to only 908,000. | The government did not feel justified in.expending five million lire on a ven- ture which, however interesting, is not | _without uncertainty. So a group of im- | portant Italian firms, carried away by the enthusiasm Mussolini put into hL(I spgech, volunteered to drain the lake | atitheir own expense. | ‘fhe Milan firm of Riva, hydraulic en- | neers, the Roman Gas and Electricty Co. ‘and the Latium Electricty Co., rep- | resentéd by three experts, Guido Uceli, Guido Fano and Augusto Biagini, start- ed work, and the huge electric pumps were soon lowering the level of the lake about 5 centimeters every 24 hours. After his speech before the Roman Historical Society, Mussolini, turning to Signor Pietro Fedele, said half jokingly and half in earnest: “And now you must i set to work, but remember that if you don't succeed in recovering the galleys you had better prepare to take a plunge in the lake yourseif.” ™ (Copyright, 1939, by North American News- paper Alliance.) ROMANCE OF AMERICAN IS TOKIO OPERA THEME “Okichi,” in' Five Acts, Was Writ- ten by Native and U. 8. Journal- ist Around Harris’ Love. TOKIO (P).—A Japanese-American opera, woven around the romance of Townsend Harris, first American Min- ister to Japan, and Okichi, a pretty girl of Shimoda, where the first lega- tion was established, is promised the! musical world by the end of this year. | is Koscak Yamada and The composer an American librettist Percy Noel, newspaper man. X The new opera will be called “Okichi” and will be the first full length work of this sort by a Japanese musician. The lbretto is in English and runs through five acts with the scenes in the Shimoda of 70 years ago, beautiful seaside town on the Izu Peninsula. —— portions of Caligula’s galley at Lake Neml, | fragments of one of Caligula's galleys, now being | COnsiderable height WASHINGTON, During the Summer months, when Mintwood place, and will be under the | the | direction of the State officers of th the local associations are in fecess, District of Columbia Congress of Pa D. C, JULY .21, ON TRAIN FROM MUKDEN TO PEK- ING, June 27, 1929. BOUT an hour and s half ago China, had accomplished that which ancient hordes had been unable to do. The immense crumbling barrier is today at this point, near its sea end. a pic- turesque souvenir. umf stretches of it are earth-covered, while the masonry in other places is fairly intact. But we | got only a glimpse of it as we alid into the station, where we lay for an hour, too faint from hunger and too tired after our night of sleeplessness on this our first veritable Chinese “sleeping car” to make an expedition out to the wall to view it at close range. We are now_the guests of China in our travels. We reach Peiping this evening and remain there for a period which is just at present somewhat in- definite, owing to a plan to ¢l e the schedule that is now under considera- tion, & change which, if effected, will svt us longer at the northern capital was announced for us in the pro- gram handed around last evening by the ChineseSescort. Our final day in Manchuria was a lively one. Reaching Mukden early in | the morning by the South Manchuria | Rallway from Dairen, we breakfasted at the new hotel and then, at 10 o'clock. we were taken sightseeing, doing some things that had been left undone on our former visit. The Japanese officials of the 8. M. R. were our hosts. They took us in motor cars, with a tre- mendous amount of honk-honking, which is the joy of chauffeurs and the bane of western travelers, through the city at a whirling pace and out into the country. There we ran across some new road making. Carts and barrows were plylntnbua\ly. Teams were plung- ing about the soft earth and kicking up a prodigious cloud of dust. We managed to get past this barrier and ! went on to the tomb of the last King of Manchuria. At least that is what | most of us understood from the rather | sketehy description of it given by our kindly but somewhat uncertain guides. Not an Old Tomb. This is not a very old tomb, as ages | g0 in this Jand. Perhaps 300 years have passed since his highness was laid to rest in the great earthen mound that 1les back of the half dozen or so beauti- ful shrine-like structures. But it is deeply respected by the generations that have followed the melancholy event. | Today an armed guard stands sentry at | the main entrance, perhaps merely to | make sure that the several prohibitions | eonspicuously posted just outside in | the form of a well lettered signboard, | |in both Chinese and English, are ob-| | served, Here are such of them as I |am able to decipher from my rapidly | | taken notes: “No fowling piece allowed; no pluck- | ing; no fishing or hunting: no clamor or quarrel: no burning: no throwing | from the elevated: no nakedness.” The “elevated” is not a rapid trans- port line, but a broad wall encircling the actual tomb and its immediate guardian temple or shrine, rising to t the largest of the structures that lie between the tomb and the entrance. Along this wall it is possible to walk and thus to survey the scene of brilliant architecture and decoration. Some of this decoration is distinctly a replacement or renovation of the original. Not always has it been | falthful to the first designs. For in- stance, two or three brightly painted panels at one of the smaller strucum-xi show strictly modern scenes, with | steamboats emitting smoke. Back through the dust and the tur- BY GIDEON A. LYON. Member of American Journalists' Party Touring Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. | monfum __business is 1929—PART 3. Orient as Guest of cient days. Through the massive.gate we went, several ways to get straightened out for the main street. For over 600 years trafic has flowed past this point. But within the wall the street is undergoing a distinct change. The present rulers have decreed that the street must be widened and work is under m{ to that end. "Scores of very old buildings are being torn down to make room for the carts, droshkies, rickishaws and motors that are pass- ing a|:l a h-gua Atrelm.l;.nd llor the thou- sands who are pressing along, dodging the wheels and causing one of meogr'guz scenes of confusion I have ever wit- nessed, even here in the East. Handsome Buildings Rising. Handsome new stone buildings, sev- eral stories high, are rising and have already risen in this néw-old Mukden. The structures that are going would seem to be ready to collapse. Their walls fall easlly. Through the gaps thus made as these relics are razed can be seen dense masses of habitation be- more we plunged through dust and roehl.-d over surfaces that ve been or in the days cm%{ re.:lrsd. ‘Then we ht, & wires set ol‘lv lllt,:fl- ) ‘e had noted this obviousl. ed barrier on our emlz; not know ‘its significance in at the entrance of Once clouds super-| e inst “;e.‘fr"srmm agaf onslaught or Hseu Liang, Marshal of Manchuria, “war lord” of the north, son of the victim of the assassination last June, is taking no chances. His “town house,” in the heart of the old- walled city, I have described in an earlier letter. An inrtuder would have the slimmest peesible chance tc reach his murderous objective there. Like- wise at the suburban villa, built by the old marshal for his eldest son, his successor. Sentries at Gate. Sentries stand at the gate, Im- mediately inside are others, loitering about but alert. Over in the shrub- bery is a large tent, where more troops are to be seen, sitting around but at- tentive. Four such tents are eventu- ally to come into sight, indicating that there are at least a hundred soldiers on guard here all the time. And when, Scene in Mukden from the roof of the rallway station. vyond, indicating mazes of narrow pas-| sageways in the interior of the “squares.” ut in the midst of all this pande- mreasln: as | usual. Shops are doing ively trade. | Merchants cling to their few square feet of display room even while me\ workmen are tearing off the roofs or| even removing the side walls of the | bulldings. Nothing seems to disturb ' the Oriental's sense of trade. | ‘WhHisked back to the hotel, we washed | we were greeted by his zecretary and | and changed our linen, to be presen able for tiffin at the American consul's. There the consul, Mr. Merle Myers, and | his wife had.assembled a small group | of Americans to meet us, and for a| couple of hours we enjoyed the society of our own folks, heard our own tongue, | and ate food which was about the same | as that served on the average American table. It was a rare treat. | But we had to rush away. Por the | “Young General” was sending cars to | the hotel for us at 3 o'clock to take us | out to his villa in the country for tea. | So again we whirled back to the hotel, | and in a few minutes were spinning | off anew, this time under Chinese | escort, over precisely the same road | that we had taken in the morning. | Jater, the, Young General arrived from Mukden—Zhe was late in reaching the villa, owing to the pressure of impor- tant business at his ‘“capital”—from the escorting cars preceding and fol- lowing his own, a convoy of four in all, there poured about 20 blue-robed men, apparently servants, but with bulges at their belts and with khaki breeches in evidence under their outer linen garments, In the absence of Chang Hseu Liang nd aides and entertained with refresh- ments and with a showing of some motion gicturu, first of all being some reels taken of our preceding visit to Mukden, followed by ‘“news reels” de- picting incidents in the career of the marshal. We then went out into the garden and assembled at the tennis court, where we were served with more freshments. Suddenly there came what, but is shy of conversa- tion in that msue—mhfl-fl for his tardiness, asked for our health, said that he hoped we were enjoying our visit to Manchuria, and then excused himself for a few minutes. He was apparently Txlu recovered from the in- e o dinner to us in the walled city. 5 In & few minutes blue-coated men came across the lawn with piles of cloth on their arms. These were laid upon tables and we were told that it was the marshal's wish that each of us select a bolt of silk for suits of clothes for ourselves or gowns for our wives. There were two kinds, one showing a tiny blue stripe, and the other plain. Each of us selected the white. ‘This was Marshal Chang Hseu Liang’s souvenir, which will later ap- pear in the cities of America in vari- m_}hwmm en the marshal came again, elad in “shorts” for-a game of v.:nnu with his young son, a bright-faced lad of 12. who met us shyly. We made our farewells and drove away, and as we were passing through the gate we got a glimpse of father and son on the court, going at their game in lively manner, Back through the dust and over the humps and hollows we spun, hurryin; to catch our train after a hurried hotel dinner. We bade farewell to our Jap- | anese guides, were taken over by their Chinese successors, and so we started for Peiping and Old China. Our way there is not one of exceptional com- fort. The Chinese idea of a sleeping car is not our own. Nor is the Chinese idea of ablutions quite the same as ours. But we will survive and will for- get these small trials in the later de- lights of this ancient land. QUAKER-SENT BY IRISH AS ENVOY TO VATICAN Charles Bewley, K. C., Represents Free State at Court of Pope Pius. DUBLIN (#).—The Free State has sent as its envoy to the Vatican, Charles Bewley, K. C., member of a well known Quaker family. He was received into the Roman Catholic Church while & student at Cambridge. Mr. Bewley is a member of the Irish bar. In ¢he struggle which preceded the treaty of settiement, he was a m}:flt:::erfll;lthfl!:e Sinn Fein move. efende 1501 be{‘q;e Bri;ilsh eourt-lglrlnm.n o e sending of an envoy to the court was opposed in the Dail bye!lvx.;:t: de Valera, who said that such an offi- cial did not truly repre: only 26 counties of T e and. but e ee— 5-COURSE SUNDAY DINNER | Z | Chotee ot “Tur Tewular Mewer 1: ed Ham or Baass Meats o\ | Roast’ Chicken | with dressing. . | Laree T-Bome Biear sound of motor horns, a whish of wheels | on the driveway, the blue eruption I have mentioned, and presently across the lawn came Chang Hseu Liang. stepping briskly, clad in Western garb, vigorous and alert and smiling his greeting. Speaking in_ Chinese—h: speaks and understands English some. CAP\TOL The authors hope to make the at- sphere of the work vivid of old 22Birve Baeins o Dok s State publieity bureau depends on the members of the local assoctations for news items. The material is prepared nedday, fiee, Room 101, Burlington Hotel, not| ents and Teachers. o : .| One out of every 20 inhabitants of for the column on Tuesday and Wod' | the Dnited States over 18 years of age and all interesting Parent- |tgkes out a hunting license during the Teacher news must be in the State of- | season motl of the road-making we drove to| Mukden, to the old walled eity, in the | heart of which lives the “Young Gen- | | eral,” Chang Hseu Liang. But we were not going there to call. for we were still under Japanese auspices. We were simply sightseeing in that relic of an-| —— =/ later than Wednesday morning. 1 54 The radio audience of Station WOL ™| listened to a program by the Singing Mothers of the District of Columbia last Tuesday evening. Mrs. Eppa L. Nor- | ris, the director of the chorus, told very | briefly about its organization and her | wish to organize glee clubs of parents | || in every school association. |ttt An addition to the program was n. | short talk by Mrs. Charles R. Speaker, | secretary of the Langdon P.-T.A., whose | | subject was “Vacation Activities of the | [} Langdon Community as Sponsored by | the Parent-Teacher Association.” Mrs. | Cecll Phelps Clarke, president of the | || Maury P.-T.A, was the accompanist I for the concert. {i The speaker for the Parent-Teacher | | radio program next Tuesday evening | will be Selden M. Ely, one of the State vice presidents and aiso one of the su- | pervising principals in the school sys- | tem. His subject will be “The District | of Columbia and the Flag.” } The members of the District of Co- lumbia Congress of Parents and Teach- ers who acted as State sponsors during | ||| the recent national convention have | been called to sgidnl meeting July 26, at_2 o'clock, in the Burlington Hotel. | In connection with the Summer round-up campaign, it is explained, September and’ information given con- cerning the special rates for operations and dental treatment in cases where finances will not permit the usual rates. | Parents are’requested to have the | || children vaccinated and given the ||l||| toxin-anti-toxin treatments for dipth- |\ theria during the Summer. These ||| treatments may obtained free of ||| charge on Wednesday and Saturday !|| mornings at 11 o'clock at the Health ||| Department_clinic, 512 I streeet. For ||| further information call the State chairman, Mrs. H. N. Stull. 408 Fourth (i street northeast, Lincoln 6241. i i I The judging committee of the Park | View lawn and garden campaign, com- ;! posed of one member from each local | | organization — Citizens' Association, | Women's Club and Parent-Teacher As- soclation—announces the first lawn and | || garden examination this week. i ‘There will be three examinations in | all. After the final examination in the | Fall, three prizes and three medals will ! be awarded to children and adults who | | have competed in the campaign. | At the June meeting of the John Burroughs Association the following of- ficers were elected: Mrs, Charles Norris, president; Mrs, C. A, Warthen, vice president; Mrs, W. E. Perry and Mrs J. H. Lawson, secretaries; Mrs. Harry | Meader, treasurer; Mrs. H. C. Ovitt, as- ;|| sistant treasurer. Hi A card party was recéntly held at the | || home of Mrs. J. M. Lutton. The association also had charge of & refreshment booth at the July 4 cele- | bration of the Rhode Island Avenue Citizens' Association. A lawn fete was held on the lawn of Mrs. B. Prank Joy's home, 42 Concord | mvenue northeast, July 13 for the bene- | fit of the J. R. Keene P.-T.A. Mrs. J. C. Brown, president, was in charge of | || the affair. | The P.-T.A. of the Service School for Boys and Girls held an informal meeting of the parents at the school July 16 and decided that the need of parent-teacher co-operation was far more vital and helpful than almost any | other branch of work. ‘This decision was made after a year's | discontinuance of Parent-Teacher meet- ings, during which time other activities made it practically impossible to' take up this work. The parents decided that this asso- ciation is to reorganige, and will look forward to a year's ve work ur- der the inspiration a: great organization. o1 meeting will be held on the e‘:enl.u of July 26, at 8 o'eleck, at the schiool, 1860 Store Closed All Day Saturdays During July Store Hours, and August. Rich’s 1/2-Yearl‘y Reduction Sale Footwear Exceptional Savings high- grade ~—of beige or grey water- _ snake, $9.90 —of beige kid, $7.90 Discontinued lines of children’s and misses’ shoes reduced to $3.90 $2.90 Sale of Women’s Hosiery —of chiffon silk—full fashioned and 3 pairs for silk to the top. Al sales final 8:15 to 6. A sale which has for its ohject the disposal of sur- plus lines, embracing the smartest style footwear of the present season and n- cluding the celebrated Foot Saver shoess Rich’s ENTIRE stock is NOT included, but the as- sortment offers very satis- factory choosing. 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