Evening Star Newspaper, July 21, 1929, Page 26

JTHE EVENING STAR ___ With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY..........July 21, 1929 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Campany Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 Enst 42nd ‘St. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Buildin European Office: 14 Regent St.. Londo; England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenine Star............4ic per month The Evening and Sunday Star 60c per month (when 4 Sc per month Collection mada a' (e snd of sach manin Orders ma~ he seat in by mail or telephone NAtional 500. Mail—Payzbte in Advance. aryland and Virginia. | Dalily and Bundar.. Dailv onlv . Bunday only ... Rate by M Member of the Associated Press. { The Associated Press 15 exclusively ertiiled | fo the use for resublication of All news ai patches credited to it ar not o'hersise cr ited in this paper and also the iocal rews published herein. All rizhts of publication of | special di- atches herein are also reserve Our Peacc-Time Expenscs. If the Treasury Department's recent | announcement of a fat surplus of $185,- | 000,000 for the last fiscal year led an: body to induige in rosy dreams regard- ing tax reduction, such dreams -are rudely shattered by the White House release of a startling array of figures to show the cost of running the United States in these years of peace and pros- perity. For the first time since ths war | these expenses threaten to go above | £4.000,000.000 in the curren: fiscal year. | And the explanation is not hard to find. | The Army, the Navy, the Post Office | deficit and the huge program of public works undertaken by the Government account for the contemplated increases. In 1926 the total appropriations for | Army, Navy, Post Office deficit, and those items grouped under the heading of public works, was $790.000,000. In that year the Navy received $312,000.- 000; the Army, $267.000,000: the Post Office Department, $39.500,000 and ap- propriations for public werks reached $170.800.000. For the year 1933 there are already in sight needs for the Army that will require $350,900,000; for the Navy, £452,000,000; for the Post Office deficit. $80,000.000 and for public works £265.900,000, making a total of $1,148,- 000.000. and the total does not take into account ‘he money that will be required | for farz\ relief, nor the obvious in- creases wver estimates expected in the Governmént's building program and the | flood control program. The mounting cost of government, as #hown in the four major items discuss- ed by the White House, can be laid | at the door of recently enacted legisla- | tion. Expansion and development of aviation, both in the Army and the Navy, accounts for a large percentage of the increases needed by both serv- | ices. But 1\ the Army there is & great | bullding pfgram underway that is| necessary properly to house 2nd utilize the authorized strength of the service, and in the Navy the cruiser building and capital ship replacement plans eall for putlays that may or may not be altered by an agreement for reduction in naval armaments. Federal assist- ance to the fArmers, river and harbor | improvement, flood control, Boulder Dam, public building and public road | projects annually swell the total that | goes into expenditure on public works, | while the normal Post Office deficit | has been increased by lower rates, high- er wages and shorter hours of employ- ment. The natural growth in Federal agencies to keep pace with the growth in population will swell the total of 1933 appropriutions beyond figures that now can be estimated with accuracy. The only hips for tax reduction seen by the Whits House is that careful financing mag reduce the public debt each vear and the saving in interest rates would ‘make pozsible a lessened demand for revenue. For the present | this hope seems dim. It will be bright- | ened only by rigid economy in spend- | ing and plans to spend. o A workman industriously engaged in | duty on street car tracks was acei-| dentally electrocuted. There was Mll‘ little discussion of the incident. Had he bren sent to electrocution in the “chair” as a penalty there would have been columns of comment. The avenue to prominence in many cases is through | the underworld. s A non-stop flight needs perfect mechanism. The motor, like the human being, is likely to find that to hesitate is to lost oo The Institute of Public Affairs. | The third annual session of the In-| stitute of Public Affairs at the Uni-| versity of Virginia, which starts the! first week in August, promises to bring | many Washingtonians to the lovely old | campus under the shadow cf Monti- cello. There they will join in dispassionate discussions of the outstanding economic | and social issues now before the coun- | try. Dr. Charlss G. Maphis, dean of | the Summer School, is arranging lnrri this year an exceptionally rich and varied program. Last Summer the meetings of the institute were some- what overshadowed by the politieal campaign then in progress, but this year they will be free to spread over a wider range of topics of current interest. Two subjects to which round tables will be devoted for the entire period should be of especial interest—the erime situation and the rural church. On/ the former subject, under the direction of one of the Nation's foremost scien- tific criminolcgists, an effort will be made to present all the antagonistic viewpoints. For the discussions on the country church Dean Maphis has en- listed leaders of all the outstanding denominations. The Institute of Public Affairs is medeled somewhat on the older and better known institute ‘at Willlamstown, but its range is restricted to domestic questions. Its discussions ‘seldom cross the boundaries of the United States. Because of this narrowed field, a more intensive censideration is possible. ‘The round table on the crime situa- tion should cover much the same ground as is covered in the discussions and studies of President Hoover's Crime Commission. The soclal, psychiatric, | youth of the Nation, | Army families, Col. Guy V. Henry, Rep- | the time it requires to mold public sen- | to $900,000 and there were 22,119 en- | rolled. For the fiscal year 1930, which | religious, ractal ana economic phases of { the apparently increasing lawlessness will be analyzed and some of the popu- lar fallacies, the result of loose think- ing and insufficient informaticn, will be exposed. A saner viewpoint should result. The Institute of Public Affairs has no theories of its own to advance. It: has no party to serve. Its sole cbject is to make possible a lucid, dispas- sionate, intellectual understanding of all schools of thought on the subjects under discussion. o Congress and C. M. T. C. Ali over the country, at this week end, some 37,500 American lads are in the midst of a month of soldiering at Citi- zens' Military Training: Camps. They are there by virtue of their own voli- tion and of the generous provisions made by Congress for giving elementary education in national defense’ to the Addressing the C. M. T. C. contingent | now in training with the 3d Cavalry at | Fort Myer, Va., under the direction of that scion of one of America's famous resentative Louis L. Ludlow of Indiana has just presented a graphic account of Congress' attitude toward the training of young America for the emergancy of war. ! “Congress is sometimes accused un- | Justly,” said Mr. Ludlo ‘of a niggardly | attitude toward the C. M. T. C. I have taken pains to have figures compiled from the records of the War Department, | which show conclusively that, consider- ing the noveity of the experiment, and timent, into acquiescence with anything that bears a military, name, Congress | has been truly rseponsive to the Nation's | need for eivilian military training. For the first year of testing the experiment— the yvear 1921—Congress appropriated & quarter of a million dollars and 10,209 tralnees were enrolled that vear. The very next vear the appropriation jumped | began on the first day of the present | month, the appropriation is $2,742,158 | and the enrollment ix 37.500. “During these ten fruitful vears, the citizens' camps have trained 266,248 men and have sent them out into the civil walks with quickened patriotism, keener mentality and better bodies. They will have a pleture of what the camps, which have grown in number from a mere handful to a total of ffty- three, are doing under the sponsorship &nd sanction of the branch of Gove: ment that controls the purse-strings.” The Hoosier journalist-statesman added that he has “no fear that Con- gress will ever turn its back on the Citizens' Military Training Camps.” It is well for the republic that this is so. The camps, Representative Ludlow well | says, “harmonize perfectly with the doctrine of the fathers that the safety of the Nation lies not in an engrmous standing army, with its erushing burden of maintenance, but in a well trained citizen soldiery. The lessons in democ- racy which the camps inspire are of incalculable, value in strengthening the bulwarks of freedom. ——e— The Days of Chivalry Are Past. ‘The same day that three American college girls swam the Hellespont we | find sisters of their sex dominating | bootlegging in Arkansas. After arresting 14 women in raids, the deputy prohibition administrator | declared that “seventy-five per cent of the bootlegging in the State is being carried on by women.” He supple- mented this with the threat that: “The | days of Southern chivalry are over as | far as women violators of the prohibi- tion law are concerned.” In other days men felt their man- hood challenged to protect and cherish women as ‘“the weaker sex.” Now women have demanded, secured and are exercising “equal rights.” They are proving that they are not all angels. If they seek equal rights with men in the profitable, though unlawful, trade in liquors or liquor substitutes they must be ready to take “equal rights” of punishment under the laws, declares this Arkansas administrator. ‘While deploring the sorry spectacle of a woman with six or seven children being dragged into jail, he emphasizes that “the laws were made for women | as well as men.” ‘When woman steps out of her proper sphere she waves good-by to the days of chivalry and the tender regard of man. With equal rights go equal responsi- bilities, equal obligations, equal justice under the laws. o It is frankly assumed that in an Asiatic military crisis Japan will not be content to figure very long merely as an innocent bystander or even as & perspicacious standpatter. o The Dog Problem Again. An ordinance has been adopted by the city of Mount Rainler, Md., to curb the nuisance of barking and howling dogs. The ordinance was passed after petiticns and verbal complaints had been received by the council. The ordinance, in addition to assess- ing & fine of five to fifteen dollars for e¥¥ry “prolonged bark or howl” pro- vides that any owner who fails to pre- vent his dog from howling and who is convicted three times because of the same dog may have the pet taken away from him, to be killed or removed from the town. Dog lovers will approve such regula- tions, necescary not only for the peace of communities, especially at night, but also for the welfare of the dog. friend of man is of such an impetuous temper, doing everything that he does with such a will, that his friends must assist him, else he might become a general nuisance. Especially in cities and suburbs, where the nervous strain of living is considerable, is the dog likely to be re- garded as a plain nuisance, owing to those very qualities which have en- deared him to mankind. ‘His habit of making himself thorough- | 1t sings. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY 21, 1929—PART 2. will ot take the trouble to break their | pets of it. Another very bad canine | habit is' that of chasing automobiles. ‘These habits are easily broken, with a little determination and perseverance on the part of a dog owner, but the un- fortunate thing is that far too many human beings are indifferent to both the best welfare of their dogs and of their neighbors. ———— “Home, Sweet Home.” ‘The Library of Congress has just re- ceived & manuscript of more than ordi- nary interest—a copy of “Home, Sweet Home” in the handwriting of John Howard Payne, with two hitherto un- | published quatrains, ‘This sentimental old lyric is twined inextricably around the heartstrings | of the American people. It has an especial Washington association due m' the fact that the grave of its author is here. Payne, of course, was responsible only for the words. The music prob- ably is the most important part of this combination which has become one the folk songs of America. The author of the verses owes his immortality to a fortuitous mating of words and music. By all standards of criticism, the lyric is rather poor. It is an example of an abominable style of versification— jingling and sentimental—which was characteristic of the minor poets of the Georgian period and which represents one of the transition bridges between the pure artificiality of the Queen Anne era and the naturalness and pure feel- ing of the Victorian. But it hardly can be judged by literary standards. It has met a test | higher and harder than any these can impese—the test of long-continued pop- ular favor. There is something in- tangible about it which rises above rules. It expresses a universal longing in a fashion that still appeals to the great majority of men and women. It furnishes an easily available outlet for & pent-up emotion which is common to human beings everywher: ‘The singing populace hardly is concerned with the literary craftsmanship of what After all, compared with the ephem- eral popular songs of today with their bad grammar, childish versification and utterly artificial sentimentality, “Home, Sweet Home" is a literary masterpiece. Just why lyrics set to music are so poor is an interesting problem. Few would deny that impassioned, appealing music picks slovenly brides from the family poetry, and gives them a social posi- tion of which they are entirely un- worthy. There are, of course, notable exceptions. Some of the finest lyrics ever written—those of Burns, for ex, ample—also are popular songs. But this hardly is the general rule, e Arkanses will treat feminine boot- leggers as it treats the men selling llicit | liquor. It all sounds harsh from a distance. Yet it may mean only an! arrangement by which both sexes enjoy equal opportunity to collect tribute from foolish thirst. . Fear is expressed that the high cost of government will make tax reduction difficult. This may revive the old- fashioned Congressman who tries to | make & hit with the home folks by | criticizing the wages of Government ! workers. | s Russia and China now have a historic ! opportunity to assert the superior in- | tellectual resources claimed by each, m: A way to preserve peace in a situation | which in times gone by might easily | have provoked wa S D R, A king is only human and King George has, like the ordinary mortal, | been tempted to overtax his endurance in convalescence. —egtne SHOOTING S*AR BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Successful Summer. ‘The mockingbird is in the tree; ‘The robin goes his way; ‘The quail is whistling bold and free, And flow'rs are blossoming gay. In spite of what the markets tell ' Of hoping or distress, We'll vow the year is going well And Summer's a success, . Running on Schedule, “Are you a wet or a dry?" “I can't say offhand,” said Senator Sorghum. “What is the sentiment of the audience I am next scheduled to address?” Jud Tunkins says he believes in tell- ing the truth. but there’s no use deny- ing that a funny story always goes better with the average audience, Acquisition. He gathered profits to amuse; A fond financial fad. Though he scarce knew just how to use ‘Those he already had. Envious. “Why are you so strong for real pro- hibition enforcement?” \ “I might as well admit,” said Uncle Bill Bottletop, “that I am kind of en- vious. I'm tired of seeing the bootleg- gers making all the money.” “Men seek,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “to learn in a brief life- time the wisdom that centuries have not sufficed to bestow.” Benefit of the Doubt. The bathing suit we view No doubt is wise. Perhape she's trying to Economize. “If you must tell yoh troubles,” said Unele Eben, “tell 'em to an enemy. No friend will enjoy ‘em as much as he Pick a Weak One. From the Roanoke Times. A young woman in Illinois is charged with strangling her mate. The ‘moral is, never marry & woman strong enough to strangle you; there are times when all of them feel like it. Bear Down on Degree. Iy at home in an entire neighborhood is disliked by the home owner who is trying to raise shrubs and flowers. | His protective instincts, often mani- fested rather too nolsily at night, cause countless persons to dislike him. Especially is the barking or howling dog a cause of complaint. Mostly this iz & bad habit, fostered in certain dogs by careless or indifferent owners who From the Port Worth Star-Telegram. & Chicago University is going to give a course: for detectives. Doubtless it will bear down on the third degree. It Might Help. Prom (he Detroit News. “As & man eateth, so is he.” Pedes- trians would do well to study the food value of the kangaroo. | milita “Overcoming BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES Bishop of Washington Text: “Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that believeth that Je;u.v is the Son of God."—I John, v.5. To resist and overcome the forces that conspire to defeat us is one of life’s supreme accomplishments, When | we think of the world, the world in | which we live, we naturally consider those influences and forces with which we individually have to do. To every man the world is largely what he con- ceives it to be. To Alexander the worid was the fleld of action in which the conquering armies operated. To him | mastery, power and authority, these | were the supreme ends of being. T an artist like Turner, the world w what he could interpret of it in terms of beauty and loveliness, To Beethoven or Wagner it was the response of the soul to the concord of sweet sound, and the capacity to translate it in terms of harmony. To the man of affairs and business the world is the sphere in which he operates. To overcome com- petition, to resist and if need be an- nihilate the forces that are arrayed against him and to come to a place of commanding power and affuence, this | to attain supreme ends. All of these conceptions conceive of life in terms of limitations. They take | no cognizance of the deeper spiritual | things of human nature, nor do they | reckon with man's aspirations for im- | mortality. It is conceivable that a | man may come to the place of highest | distinction and yet be lacking in those | fine qualities that contribute to the making of moral worth. We have all | known such. They were men who had | attained to a degree of greatness and success In their chosen profession or | calling, but were signally deficlent in the attainment of the, high things of character. We have had rtepeated demonstrations in recent years of what w ve in mind. Nietzsche's “Super- physically and intellectually might witness of the highest expression of attainment, but we can hardly think of a world of law and order distin- guished by such a type. It takes some- thing more than physical and mental equipment. to resist the conspiracy of ;&rcn that lay slege to each individual e. these forces demands another kind of equipment. Conscientious parents would hardly feel assured of the secur- ity and happiness of their children if they gave them nothing more than ~who gave to her son as he went o] To resist. combat and overcome | the World” E. FREEMAN, D. D., LL. D, liberal education or the advantages of a comfortable and sequestered life. The | demonstrations of fallure that attend such a course are conspicuous and man- ifold. Repeatedly we have had fathers and mothers in great distress of mind come to us to tell the tragic story of the iscarriage of a youth in their house- hold, upon Whom had been lavished every indulgence and every advantage which a blind love and devotion could exhibit. “What more could I have/ done?” was the persistent query. Every | physical and material advantage had been given with lavish and generous | hands, but like the youth who came to Christ, “one thing was lacking.” No consideration had been given to that | kind of moral and spiritual equipment | that fortifies and secures against mis- fortune, disaster and defeat. To overcome the world, the world that plays about each one of us, calls for moral development. grounded in deep religious conviction: in fine, a character buttressed and sustained by a vital and vitalizing faith. To the mind of the great Roman, Marcus Aurelius, a system of ethics was indispensable, and to this end he gave to the world a book of rules governing conduct that still stands | as a classic of its kind. In too many instances today even such a book as this is ignored and nothing furnished in its stead. ‘The Spartan mother who gave her son his shield as he went forth to battle and admonished him, “Come back with it or upon it,” had a low standard of lite's values. ‘The American mother France his khaki-covered New Testa- ment, and admonished him to find in it guldance and direction, furnished him with that which would support and sus- taif him in the stirring conflict with evil forces and guarantee him against misfortune. Repeatedly these youths turned with singular devotion to the “White Comrade” and felt the immi. nence of His presence, and the sustai ing power of His incomparable teach- ing. | 1f we could overcome the world, the world of our passions and evil propen- sities, the world of seductive pleasures and unwholesome associations, we must have fellowship with Him who, on the eve of His crucifixion, said to His falter- ing disciples, “Be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.” ,i’eace in thé Far East Rests Plainly in Hands of Three Men BY DREW PEARSON. i ‘Whether there shall be war in the Far East, perhaps involving the rest of the world, today rests chiefly in the hands of three men. They are: i Chiang Kai-shek, President of China | and generalissimo of th= Chines: Na- tionalist forces; Chang Hsueh-liang, son of the old bandit chief, Chang Ts lin, and governor of Manchuria: and Comrade Karakhan, vice commissar of Russian fore! affairs, Karakhan has been Russian Ambas sador to China, is a power in the Soviet_councils, ‘and it is upon his ad vice that Stalin and the executive| committee will chiefly rely. | The position of two of these men— | Chiang Kai-shek and Karakhan—is unique because they have completely reversed themselves, Chiang once posed as the great champion of all things Russian. He adopted Russian uniforms for his army, used Russian advisers and spread Russian propaganda throughout the country- side. Karakhan in the same way once was the great friend of China. Chinese thronged his house in Peking on the average of 300 a day, and when he returned to Moscow on leave, & Chi- | nese brass band, a guard of honor, a party of Chinese dignitaries and a mob of cheering students cams to the railroad station to ses him off. Today the two men are aligned di- rectly against each other. Already they have ordered troops moved against their respective countries Chang Hsueh-liang is the only con- sistent member of the triumvirate. | Son of a father who hated the Rus- sians even more than he hated the Japanese, young Chang has long fol- lowed the policy of ousting the Rus- sians from his three provinces | Chang is only 31 years old, and until he inherited the responsibilities of his father, together with $10,000,000, he was chiefly interested in bridge, poker and jazz. When this writer knew him a few years ago, he was the typical | son of a millionaire, and was more to be seen in the bar of the British- American Mukden Club than he was with the army which he commanded. He was prominent at every foreign dance, once took a prize as a jazz dancer, and at the age of 27 had acquired two wives, Since becoming governor of the three Eastern ‘provinces, upon the death of his father, young Chang is reported to have become a person of considerable dignity and responsibility. He has given away part of his fortune for the wel- | fare of his country. But in his attitude toward the Rus- | sians, who for years have controlled North Manchuria, Chang has always been consistent. He has accused them of propaganda. He has persecuted them on. every opportunity. He has raided their consulate in Harbin. And his seizure of the Chinese Eastern Railroad last week is only the climax to these activities. Although Chang is practically su- preme in Manchuria, he would not. pos- sibly risk the wrath of Russia without the backing of the Nationalist govern- ment, and it is known he is acting with the fullest approval and co-operation of President Chiang Kal Chiang, aside from powerful individual in all China, is also & most interesting person. Symbolic of the young China which now controls | the country, Chiang is only 41 years old. He rose to fame and power through pure and unadulterated luck. Son of a fairly wealthy Chinese family in Can- ton, Chiang went through a Chinese military academy and then to Japan, where practically all Chinese militarists are trained. He returned to become a disciple of Sun Yat-sen in his struggle to make China a republic. Chiang was rather a wild and irre- sponsible youth and a great gambler. He made money at it. He made so much at fan-tan that he abandoned it for the stock market, and through a lucky break netted a million Chinese dollars. This fortune he turned over to Sun Yat-sen, becoming thereupon a most influential member of the Nationalist rty. p‘uur. when Sun Yat-sen threw in his lot with Russia, Chiang went to Mos- cow to study and came back a Russian enthusiast. Under Russian supervision his troops, the Whampoa Cadets, be- came the ecrack regiment of South China and led the drive northward which eventually united all China un- der the present Nationalist regime. But as Chiang and the Nationalists felt the power of their new office, and as they won the recognition of the United States and Europe, they turned out the Russian advisers who had given them arms and money, and started a campaign to eradicate all Russian influ- ence. - One by one they raided the Rus- sian embassy in Peking (now Peiping), raided and closed the consulate in Shanghai, raided the consulate in Can- ton and shot the vice consul, raided the consulate in Harbin, and now have seized the Russian-built Chinese East- ern Railroad. Meanwhile, Karakhan, once leader of the Chinese in their struggle for a uni- fied government, had been forced to re- turn to Moscow. Karakhan is an ex- ceedingly able and equally likeable Ar- menian. Dark-skinned, and with | han who doled out the funds to pi |learn the art of armed force. | opinion_the present is only the pro-| | mon sense, and they will | tainly and fervently want fresdom from | shek. being the most | pointed beard. Ksrakhan, dui days of supremacy in China, becams social lion of Peking, and was even in- vited to tea by Mrs. W. J. Calhoun, wife of the former American Minister to China. Her friends in the American | embassy incidentally reproved her for this. It was Karakhan's speeches that swayed Chinese public opinion into be- lieving Russia was their best friend. It was Karakhan's diplomacy that per- suaded the Chinese that Britain, France and the United States sought to te China’s hands. Finally, it was Karak- student rioters and who shifted agit: tors from city to city, marshaling his forces in the campalgn against the for- | e | Now it is Karakhan who sits in Mos- | cow directing the defense against the | Chinese campaign to oust Russia. It is Karakhan's advice which will largely sway the executive committee of the | Soviet regarding war. Whether or not he will advise war, only the future can disclose. But, in- | dicative of the mind of this master- | adviser, is a remark he made to this | writer when he himself was directing the Chinese campaign against the forelgnor. When asked whether China would fight to rid herself of foreign control, Karakhan replied: “Possibly. 1 might even add prob- | ably. If the powers continue in their | imperialistic manner to ignore the real | rights of China: if they continue to rule China with armed force, it will not be long before the Chinese 2lso will In my logue of the battles of the future. i “The Chinese are able people. They have already limited the capitalistic powers to such extent that they pos-| sess more armed troops than any other | country. “On the other hand, the Chinese are the most reasonable and law-abiding | people in tha world. More than any | other factor they are ruled by com- ot fight if they can get what they nt without fighting. At present, they most cer- the foreign yoke. The powers can ig- | nore this only at their own risk.” (Copyright, 1929.) — r—o—— Farm Co-operatives As Old as Republic BY HARDEN COLFAX. ‘When the Federal Farm Board em- phasizes the co-operative organization as the heart of plans by which it hopes | to benefit agriculture it is speaking of | no Infent either in age or size. o Agricultural co-operatives in this country are as old as the republic itself, although the form has varied through- out the vears. The Philadelphia So- clety for Promoting Agricuiture, formed in 1785, has on its ancient roster such familiar names as George Washington | and Benjamin Franklin. As far back as recorded history runs farmers of other lands have worked together in some degree. Members of the Federal Farm Board, organizing this week under the “relief” bill recently enacted by Congress, are proceeding cautiously in order to lay & | firm foundation for their function: Loans when made will go to co-ope: atlives; those already organized, with an established place in the economics of the country, naturally will be firsi to | try the new legislative experiment. In the crop year 1927-28, the latest period for which complete figures have peon assembled by the Department of Agriculture, 10,195 co-operative market- ing associations of the United States did business estimated at $2,171,000.000, while 1,205 others engaged in purchas- ing had transactions totaling an esti- mated $128,000,000. About one-fourth of the farm families of the Nation are membefs of co-operatives. These are very acceptable figures, even in this day of staggering aggregates. ‘The number of agricultural co-opera- tive associations is deceptive if stated without explanation, however, for many of them function as units of federations. Both the centralized type of co-opera- tive, which i the large organization operated through single control, and the federated type, which is a voluntary grouping of independent units for con- centrated bargaining, storage, and some phases of administration, have had ups and downs. In the very nature of things, however the larger organizations, regardless of type, have been brought before the pub- lic eye to such an extent that the tend- ency has been toward more of them. Their influence upon the market is great. There are several of these large organizations which do an annual busi- ness in excess of $50,000,000 each. It is the federated type of co-opera- tives which is growing most rapidly. Its existence is likely to continue the larger number of organizations reporting, for the individual -units do not lose their identities by joining others in a federa- tion, through which they gain the ad- vantage of large scale bargaining and reduced overhead, while retaining their local and intimate touch. ‘The fact that more than 10,000 agri- cultural co-operatives are on record i the United States does not mean that the Federal Farm Board in attempting | fund for rebuilding “Old Ironsides,” | Boston, in October, 1797. The following | ‘only & few vears ago by former Con- Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Government officials and others prominent ‘in the Capital are proudly displaying useful, as well as historical, souvenirs of their contributions to the the Prigate Constitution. These souvenirs are in the form of book ends made of material removed from the original hull of the famous ship in the process of reconstruction &s & lasting relic for all | time. Rear Admiral Philip Andrews, at the Boston Navy Yard, is chairman of | the national Save Old Ironsides com- mittee. One type of book ends represents the large steering wheel or capstan with a rellef picture in the center of Old Ironsides under full sail, cast from copper sheathing and filled with lead from the magazine lining. Another type i made from original live oak timbers, the upright portion representing the butt of a cannon. “Old Ironsides” embodies the ideals of the Republic, Admiral Andrews em- phasizes. She is a living reminder of the glorious spirit that gives to our country the position of prestige which she occuples today among the nations of the world, One of the first three naval vessels built by the United States, she was launched in Hartt's shipyard, year the Constitution was active in suppressing French privateers in the West _Indies; in 1804, forced peace with the Barbary Pirates, stopping further tribute to them. During the War of 1812 she defeated the Guerriere, Java, Picton, Cyane, Levant, and captured many other men-of-war, breaking the tradition of British supremacy on the | seas, turning the tide of defeat to victory, averling the secession. of the New England States from. the Union, and establishing the Declaration of Independence s a facl. ~Old Ironsides,” champion of Amer- fcan liberty, is being completely rebuilt in the Navy Yard at Boston, Mass. A floating relic, restored to her former glory, she will visit the ports of our | country, an inspiration and a lasting | lesson in patriotism to all who see her. | The restoration of the United States | Frigate Constitution by public subscrip- tion was authorized by an act of Congress, * x x % ‘The plight of the poor. impoverished, necessitous farmer was the sob feature of the Jast campaign. with fervid oratory employed to depict his dire distress and the zeal of either party to bring him Federal relief Then Congress was called into extraordinary session for the main pur- pose of passing legislation beneficial to the agricultural interests to place them on the same economic basis as other in- dustry, with the result that our new Government agency, the Federal Farm | Board, is now in session. Coincident with the first meeting of this new board came consternation to | the great mass of the voting public, when & pald press agent announced | that sumptuous quarters in a suite of | 11 rooms, the same ones occupied by | President-elect Hoover in his pre-in- | auguration conferences, in one of the | most finely appointed hotels in the | country, has been engaged by the Public_ Buildings Commission, for the use of these speclalists in vavious lines | who are engaged in devising ways to. help the down-trodden farmer to help | himself. | “Why must this board of relief have | such eviravagant quarters?” was the cry heard from rural communities scat- | tered all over the country. as well as from carping critics in other lines of industry. The answer given by the Public Buildings Commission is simple. and lucid. These quarters in the Mayflower | Hotel are engaged for only one month. They have been rented. furnished, the commission says, for 50 per eent lest than was asked for a similar amount of space in an office building. The hotel can well afford to make this “special rate” to the Public Build-} ing Commission because the presence of the Federal Farm Board attracts to, the hotel scores and even hundreds of | persons and organizations who desire to present their views to the board. Some | of these delegations are well supplied with funds, so the position of the hotel | is really the same 2s it assumes toward social or fraternal organizdtions in | allowing them the use of meeting places | when individually the members hire rooms. | Thus has another “scandal” of the| Hoover administration been exploded. | * ok x K I “‘coupon-sized” ‘The new | egainst them. !a slowing up is indie | half of the cities show that building | | affair, Financing the Building Business BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. The building business, although going forward in tremendous volume, never- theless betrays a certain spottiness, the checks and halts apparently being due in many sections to a lack of adequate financing facilities. This has induced real estate experts to incline to the view that the country will undergo a revolu- tion in the maiter of sources of funds for construction of privafe properties. From the beginning of an organized construction industry, structures, from skyscrapers to single dwelling houses, have been mainly financed through the first mortgage, with, in many if not most. cases, junior mortgages. ‘The change which has been forecast will be to the t; of financing employ- ed by industrial corporations: that. is. issues of preferred stock. Huge con- cerns will engage solely in the business of handling such issues, will be building banks. Preferred stock will be sold to the public at large and | ;:hil dprocndA lent to those desiring to uild. This is being done to a limited ex- tent now through the medium of de- bentures. There are companies which specialize in taking mortgages on prop- | erties and then issuing debentures to the public. The lack of bullding capital to be lent on first mortgages to prospective builders is regarded as one of the con- comitants of the wave of stock specula- tion which has been passing over the country for the three or four years last | past and which has caused members of | Congress to animadvert harshly upon the New York Stock Exchange and its stock brokers. adequate capital and deserving enterprises as the bufld- ing of houses is shott because the gam- bling instinct has diverted too much money into speculative channels, Survey of Situation. So the remedy proposed is for the buflding industry to join in the busi- ness of issuing stocks and avail itself of a share of the flood of funds flowing into stocks. The National Association of Real Estate Boards has just completed its semi-annual survey of the building in- dustry throughout the Nation. The survey covers 379 cities—a broad enough basis to furnish a fair picture of the national situation. The survey shows the market to have been more active in 40 per cent of these cities and less | active in 20 per eent. while the remain- ing proportion shows no change. In & country growing so rapidly as the United States, and especially the cities. ted. More than has either stood still or actually gone backward. The slowing up can not have been due to profiteering by real estate men, for selling prices were reported as higher in only 17 per cent of the clties and actually lower in 29 per cent, while the remaining cities showed the price situation to be static—on the whole & downward trend. Rents, too, were found to be up in only 17 per cent of the citles surveyed. while they were lower in 27 per cent. | These percentages refer to dwelling | houses. Apartment houses show high- er rents in 18 per cent of the cities and lower rents in 17 per cent. ‘Although the acute shortage in hous- ing caused by the war has been met. shortages due to natural growth are shown in 21 per cent of the cities and overbullding in 17 per cent. These | figures are approximately the zame for | both single dwelling houses and apart- ments. Fifty Years Ago In The Star Fitty vears ago Washington was shocked by the revelation of a flagrant case of eruelty to & Judge Bundy Onchud. Several_col- i ums of The Star's Child Torture. 'T'2 ¢ 4uring the week are devoted to the details of the telling a pitiful story of the tortures inflicted upon little Allie Craw- ford by a woman named Jennv Baker, into whose custody she had fallen. De- mands were made in all quarters for & Society for the Prevention of Cruelty | to Children, and on dismissal of the | currency ! cace in Police Court the following edi- people go to dinner shows that one In effect they | The debentures are sold | It has been claimed that | for such legitimate | 8o far as business property is con- cerned, office buildings and the like, 22 per cent of the cities show a shortage and 19 per cent overbuilding. High rents seem to have played some part here because rents were shown to be up in 40 per cent of the cities and down in only 8 per cent. This, doubtiess, is a tributable to increased taxes, levied by municipalities. It will be remembered \ that President Harding and President Coolidge both warned the American | public concerning the rising tax bill of States and cities and thelr fremendous load of bonded indebtedness, | Finances Play Part in Ruilding “heek. Different situations are to be frund in different sections. The fortunes cf cities rise and fall with events, Many eities which gained tremendously in wealth and population during and az a result of the war have either failed tn main- tain growth or have actually receded. But finance facilities seem to be plar- ing a large part in the building check. The survey shows that interest rates have been maintained steadily despite the fall in the general level of pricrs. There have been increases in some | places and declines in others. Twenty- | one per cent of the cities reported re- tardation because of inability to get money. New York City alone, obviously, stands out, as its private buflding op-" erations are equal in volume to those of scores of other cities combined. Con~ racts for new construction in June were 39 per cent below last June—an astonishing drop in such as era of expansion as the last year has been. Thirty per cent of this loss was in residential buildings, 17 in commerctal buildings and 13 in industrial buildings. Further, to show how definite the slowing up is, new projects announced have declined 58 per cent under a year ago. |" The vast importance to the Nation of such a situation is that the amount | ot money usually spent in s year on bulldings has been in excess of $3,000,- | 000,000. i Country-wide national connected with the industry have com- mented rather dismally on the situation. For instance, the Common Brick Manu- | tacturers’ Association notes that the | volume of construction is the lowest in | eight years. Many plants for making | building materials are running on short ! time or ahut down, it is shown. Another quite interesting explana- tion besides that in respect of finance which has been advanced to explain the slack situation is that there has | been a reaction on the part of the public from the low quality of struc- | tures, ‘especially residential property, | constructed since the war. It is point- ed out that the post-war rush to | erect buildings resulted in lax enforce- | ment of building codes. Many substi- tute building materials have been put into structures; some of them still more or less in an experimental stage. Con- tractors have rushed work through and thereby scamped it. Not only have cangerous structures resulted in many instances, but scores of thousands of buildings have been put up which, in ! a few months, have shown amazing depreciation. | It s thought that the public has concluded that it can not afford to buy card houses unable to stand up in a breeze or endure frost, snow and rain. In effect there appears to be & mild buyers' strike. which may last | until there iz confident public belief | that, sounder strustures will be erected. This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Capt. Boggs of the Cat Marines led his troops up the basement steps in & wild rush for the platter beneath the kitchen sink. The objective was dinner. This is the real aim of cat life, animal life, human {life. Disguise it as we may, “grub” is an enthralling thing. Human beings, by permitting them- selves several meals a day. by allowing - themselves to eat too much at each meal. and by the consideration of higher ! ideals, have managed to take their minds off it. Yet the eagerness with which most continues to be the subject of contro- | torial comment appeared in The Star of of mankind's chief considerations is versy, historical and otherwise. Some folks are protesting that the | | July 14, 1879: “Squire Bundy in one of his decisions | something to eat. | Cats, not having minds in the human new $10 gold certificate bears in fore- | on ‘this, his first day as judge pro tem | sense, have no reason for concealing ground of the fllustration Treasury on the back of the bill the | plcture of & popular, low priced aut mobile. Others protest that a national known banking institution, which ad- vertises that it is located just across the street from the United States Treasury, | and which a few years ago was one of the most famous court controversies with the Treasury. is also shown in the picture on the $10 note—getting pre- ferred advertising. Of course, the most important historical error called to the attention of Treasury officals is the joker on the | new $2 notes which displav a portrait | of Thomas Jefferson on the face and | his home. Monticello, on the reverse. Two artifical lions are shown guarding the entrance to Monticello. despite the fact that they were not there in; Jeflerson’s time but were placed there gressman Jefferson M. Levy of New York while he was nominally owner of | the estate. The lions have since been banished from- Montieello. Further- more the picture used by the Treasury was not one of the original Jefferson building and not as it now appears. There is also an appeal heard for & picture on the back of the $1 notes, such as the notes of higher de- nomination earry. House Leader Tilson, now of Con- necticut but originally from the moun- tains of Tennessee, is real proud of the fact that another son of his native! State holds the distinction of being the only man in the records of the Govern- ment to have held a commission of major general of the Army and rear admiral in the Navy. This was Rear Admiral-Maj. Gen. Samuel Powhatan Carter, who was appointed a midship- man in the Navy in 1840 and partici- pated in the taking of Vera Cruz. He was at one time attached to the United States Naval Observatory in Washin, ton and again was commandant of the Naval Academy, Annapolis. In 1861 he was ordered to special service with the Army in East Tennes- see and was commissioned acting briga- dier general in the Fall of that year. Two years later he was provost marshal | of Eastern Tennessee and was breveted major general of the United States Volunteers on 1865. He was distin- guished for gallantry in engagements at Wildeat, Ky.: Mills Springs and the capture of Cumberland Gap. He was mustered out just about the time that ‘House Leader Tilson was born. Durlns his early life, Representative Tilson hear much about the heroism of Gen. Carter and met him personally during his col- lege days at Yale, Gen.-Admiral Carter died in the National Capital just before Tilson was graduated at Yale. AR Yes, But They Count. From fhe Lovisville Times. If three strikes retired a man on the golf links, then some players would never get beyond the first hole. to assist n stabilizing. the markets for farm products must deal with each one; the contact points are reduced very m: terially by the federations. There r mains to be devised a method of syn- chronizing the aims and ambitions of large scale organizations operating in the same flelds of agriculture; a task which alone makes membership on this farm board no sinecure and which is illustrated by the difficulty encountered by President Hoover in selecting a rep- bolmm..‘“" of the wheat growers for the (Copyright, 1920.) of thelof the Police Court, has not made a very favorable impression. He dis- missed a charge of cruel whipping of & friendles child, by a woman in whose | custody the unfortunate happens to be, | the girl's back still bearing the marks of & beating with a cowhide admin- istered some days ago, because life was not in danger.’ If this is law in the District, children may be whip- ped with cowhides or burned with hot and the torturers can go scot irons, free. The sooner we have here a Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chil- dren the better.” * * x Many yarns were being told 50 vears ago anent the seeming aversion of Sec- Secrehry Evarts retary Evarts in gear. Buysa Hat. f0© 0% headed “Mr. Evarts’ New Hat." printed in The Star of July 15. 1879: “Ever since the cabinet of President Hayes has been in existence the Secre- 1’L‘lrv of State has worn a shocking bad at. matter of dress generally. the foreign affairs premier was s0 careless as to his headgear that Mrs. Hayes frequently chided him for his neglect in this re- lrct. and while it may not have been the exact language used she often re- quested Mr. Evarts to ‘shoot that hat. For a time the request seemed to have no more effect upon the Secretary than would casior oil on a graven image, but having the subject constantly brought to his attention he finally concluded to get & new hat. He senl an order (o & New York hatter to ‘build’ him a hat, giving no particular directions except to put one up that would please the President's wife. It came in due sea- son. It was a two-ounce, light felt slouch hat, small in brim, but low in crown. The old, discarded hat gave Mr. Evarts the appearance of a seedy Bowery boy, but the new one gave him a look of & young collegian fresh from graduation. After giving the hat a casual inspection the Secretary put it on his head, and said to a friend, ‘T am going over to the White House to let Mrs. Hayes see my new hat' He came back in a half hour or so, when the friend said, ‘Well, how did Mrs. Hayes like the hat?' ‘I don't know.' replied the Secretary, ‘but I don't think she could have been much pleased. for she said it made me look more like a sunfiower than anything else. Mr. Evarts left for New York last night, and meanwhile will buy an ornate hea covering suited to his peculiar style of beauty.” is o Not Done by Police. From the Worcester Evening Gazette. 1In the golden days when Boston really dictated the literary taste of America the dictating was not done by the Bos- | ton police. N Getting Out of Rough. From the Muncie Morning Star. Premier Ramsay MacDonald has been re-elected to the golf club that expelled him in 1916. That's quite a long !lme{ getting out of the rough. e Result Would Be Orange. Prom the Savannah Morning News. If the Russian reds and the Chinese yellows mix, the result should be orange. ‘her | the matte~ of head- ‘The follow- item. While displaying good taste in the | their likes and dislikes. hence admit to the wide world, by their actions, that meal time is the best time of all. * x x * Capt. Boggs had wvaitad for s long | time on the step inside of the basement | door, his white nose plastered against it. | "The mysterious creatures who lived upstairs would come in their good time, he knew, and he would hear their foot- steps. | Then would come the sounds of & voice, at which Capt. Boggs would emit |one of his piercing meows, much like | the sound of a toy balloon. The best sound of all would follow. It would be the noise made by the doorknob as it turned. Open swung the door—and up dashed Capt. Boges of the Cat. Marines. closely followed by his two sisters, Little Nip= per and Blondy Belle, and Imn(her, Mrs. Blackie. * % &k Capt. Boggs. by reason of having the | quickest eye. and the liveliest disposie | tion, and the fastest working legs { ways got. through the door first. ‘That meant that the captain always | got the first bWe of meat, if there was | any meat. or the first taste of cream, or the first mouthful of vegetables. Capt. Boges did not conceal from any | one the fact that he hoped for meat. | Being but four months old,. his share | of it had been small, but enough to make him know that meat was what he wanted. Boggs would have told you, if he could, that house cats are by nature carniverous. Vegetables are all very | well, in their way. but cats prefer meat, The strange thing is they like best & | meat which by no means could they be | familiar with in the natural state. | Beef. | * ok k% Capt. Boggs had a bowing acquaint- | ance with beefsteak through the means | of several small bits left over after Jack Spratt, our old friend, had finished | his dinner. | 1t was the ambition of Boggs to secure i!n entire plate full of beef for himself, | but. for the present he did not see how he was ever to secure it Even if the meat were to be forthcom- ing he would have to share it with his mother, who could always eat, and with his two sisters, who liked forbid- den dish almost as much as he did. Pour-month-old kittens are not sup- posed to eat raw meat. A little cooked | meat, now and then, is permissible, but the raw stuff is not so good. Capt. Boggs led his family on the run to the platter beneath tne sink, but Jack Spratt had licked it clean. Madly Boggs sniffed and sniffed—there was plenty of smeil, but no meat. “Shucks,” said Capt. Boggs to himself, “I'll come up faster tomorrow, and maybe I will catch a few pleces.” Nobody Left to Write. 'Prom the Omaha Evening World-Herald. Admiral Magruder is returned to Navy | command. Now if Col. Mitchell is “for- | given” by the Army, who will write for | the magazines? ——o—s. For Henry’s Sake. From the Springfield, Ohio. Daily News. Henry Ford made $6.32 while writing a check for 2 cents. Just for Henry's sake we'd like to have him write us one for a few thousand. [ 1