Evening Star Newspaper, July 7, 1929, Page 26

2 THE EVENING " STAR With Sunda: Zattion. WASHINGTON, D. C. , BUNDAY....4.000..July 7, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company e Fenmasivants Ave g 43nd 8t. Michigan Bulidine. s St.. London. e Regen! Engiend. the City. e 1 cori e 00, "m per month o (when § Sundas 65c per month day Star Sc per copy ion made at the end of each manth. Orders may be sent in by mail or (elephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. aily and Sunda: aily only . unday only All Other States and unday. .1 yr. $12. s T g and Bun (when 4 Sundays) . The Evening .1 yr., $10. 1 mo.. 85¢ IR RE Canada. m Member of the Associated Press. TR A Bk gt o the or repul thes credited to It or Dot otherwise cree liaed Bereie ALl Fiets of publication SPecial dispatches herein are aiso reserved. —_—— Preliminaries to Merger. The Capital Traction Co.'s letter to the Public Utilities Commission declin- ing at this time to renew merger ne- gotiations is & candid and fair state- ment of the case that is justified by the circumstances. It should do much to clear away any misunderstanding as to the source of the next move toward merging the railways. The next move lies with the Public Utilities Commission. The Washington Railway & Electric Co. is yet to reply to the Public THli- ties Commission's letter. But its' an- gwer is foreshadowed by the Capital Traction Co. Harley P. Wilson, repre- sentative of the North American Co., has expressed in interviews substantially the same point of view outlined by John H. Hanna, president of the Capital ‘Traction. The North American's con- trolling interest in the Washington Rallway & Electric makes it pretty def- inite that the railway company will take Mr. Wilson’s and the Capital Traction's view of the matter. 1f that is so, the street railway com- panies will put themselves on record again as approving the form of agree- ment that falled of ratification in the last Congress, after receiving the ap- proval of the Public Utilities Commis- eion and of the District of Columbia committees in both houses. Techni- cally that agreement died when Con- gress adjourned. And if there were any doubts about its demise then they were expressly removed by the wording in the agreement setting forth the fact that it would not bind the companies after June 1 last. Mr. Hanna's letter in effect states that the company has no new proposal to make; that it still adheres to the old one. ‘The procedure for merger outlined in the merger act is for the companies to submit their proposals to the Public Utilities Commission, which, in turn, submits them to Congress for approval by joint resolution. It would seem now, In view of the Capital Traction letter, that the Public Utilities Commission may take the old agreément as the starting point, further amend it or sub- mit it in the form spproved by the Sen- ate committee to Congress. If Congress chooses to make further changes, the revisions doubtless will be submitted to | the stockholders as was planned in the case of the changes made by the Senate committee on the strength of the Malt- bie report. “The public and Congress are in pos- session of all the relevant facts,” says Mr. Hanna, which may be accepted as meaning that preliminary steps toward merger have been taken. The new per- sonnel of the Public Utilities Commis- sion, after its own thorough study of these preliminaries, as set forth in the agreement which expired June 1, can be counted upon to follow up the prelim- Inaries in regular order. ‘While the higher fare application will probably be judged on its own merits, the proposed merger must be taken into consideration as an important factor having a distinct bearing on the neces- sity for higher rates. The benefits of merger will accrue largely to the cor- porations, as would the gains from in- creased fare. The public can only gain through a merger, which holds out promise of better and more convenient service. If any cake is to be cut, it should be shared between the corpora- tions and the public as equally as pos- sible. or e Cause of Air Accidents. ‘There is a natural aversion to stig- matizing the name of a dead man with ugly charges. But the post-mortem revelation that Wilmer Stults was drunk when he took off on his fatal flight from Roosevelt Field last Mon- day is important and entirely justified. Progress of aviation in this eountry depends to a great extent upon faith in flying. Every accident tends to de- stroy that faith, unless the causes are made public with complete frankmess. If & plane crashed because of structural defects, those defects should be ex- plained to the public. If the accident resulted from human failure in the crisis, that fact should also be empha- sized. No one will ever know with cer- tainty whether Stultz was so intoxi- cated that he was unable to maneuver his plane, after some deliberate “stunting” that required skill and coolness. But the evidence is against him. He will be blamed and the public reaction will be to avold drunken pilots, not airplanes. Detroit is no doubt tempted to revise lll the case the experiment should be adopted as & regular policy, and it is pleasing to note that Inspector Brown of the Trafic Bureau now has that policy in mind. Campaigns of law enforcement, dur- ing which hundreds of motorists are rounded up and brought into court for offens:s that otherwise might be con- sidered as trivial infractions, do no last- ing good. As soon as the police relax their vigilanee, the violations begin again. What we need, and Maj. Pratt and Inspector Brown are considering its possihilities, is & continued and never- ending campaign against trafic viola- tions, wita the courts joining in to the full extent of their ability. The past few days showed that such a campaign has a temporary effect. Both the cam- paign and the effect should be made | permanent. Ll G. 0. P. Seventy-five Years Old. The Republican perty is seventy-five | years old. Its birth was celebrated yes- terday at Jackson, Mich., where the first party convention of importance to adopt the name was held July 6, 1854. The Republican party was called into being by the conditions which had developed in this country after the repeal of the Missourt compromise. The Whig party was incapable of dealing with the situ- ation, and.was disintergrating. The new party, however, inherited both from the Whigs and from the Federalists. ‘While it germinated in the free soil movement of the day, it also raised the banner of sane policies in Federal ad- ministration. ‘The demand for the organization of the then new political party was not confined to any one State or section of the country. Conventions for its further- ance were held in Maine, Illinofs, Mas- sachusetts, Wisconsin and Iowa almest co-incidentally with that in Jackson, Mich. And when the Thirty-fourth Con- gress met in December, 1855, there were 15 Republicans listed in the Senate to 42 Democrats and 5 Americans. In the House, whose entire membership had been elected in 1854, the Republicans had 108 seats, the Democrats 83 and the Americans 45. The party was launched, and growing by leaps and bounds. But it was not until six years after its first organization that it 'mk' control of the Federal Government, with | Abraham Lincoln in the White House. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 7, 1929—PART 2. the laws laugh up their sleeves st the laws. Many such charges againit en- forcement agents have beem made in the past, and some of the agents have been found derelict in their The chances for “making big money” through bribery, in the prohibition law enforcement business, have been held up again and again as reasons why the law cannot be enforced. Undoubtedly such temptations exist and undoubtediy some of the men employed to carry out the prohibition laws fall for them. No group of employes in any activity is flawless. Even the banks, in which the people of America place their earn- ings and their savings have occasional | black sheep. But the Government pro- hibition enforcement agents may be ex- pected to’ contain less and less of the undesirable types, and more and more men who will do their duty no matter what the temptations set before them. President Hoover, in his appeals to the people to live up to the spirit and letter of the laws, has calied attention to the fact if the law-ablding eitisens decline to purchase illicit liquor they will have a potent effect on the situa- tion. Without their patronage the boot- leggers could not continue in business and certainly could not make the huge profits they have reaped in recent years. And gradually the impression is growing stronger and stronger that the present administration intends to see, | service as far as is possible, that the liquor laws be observed. There is nething blatant about the administration's cru- sade, if it may be called so, for enforce- ment of the liquor law. But, quietly, examples are being set here in Wash- ington which are not without their effect, Little by little there is evident a tightening up all along the line. The sources of supply are growing less. The openness with which liquor has been used is giving way to more secretive drinking & It would be impossible to obtain, in all probability, & 100 per cent enforce- ment of the dry laws. No other laws are so enforced anywhere. There are bound to be violations and liquor drinking. But as soon as it becomes the fashion not to serve cocktails, & tre- mendous amount of the present liquor drinking and patronage of bootleggers will evaporate. And with such patron- age will go In large measure the temp- tations which lead to such robberies as that which has now been discovered in Its first effort to elect a President failed, | when, in 1856, James C. Freemont of | California was its first candidate for Chief Executive. Until last year no| other Californian had been nominated | for President, and the country waited | !for seventy-two years befoge it elected | & Chief Executive from the Pacific Coast | —Herbert Hoover. ‘The Republican perty was established | as the opponent of slavery—as the ad- vocate of “free soil”—and as the pro- gressive party of the day. It was a protest against the conditions then ex- isting. So solidly was the party built, however, that it has been the dominat- Ing political party for the greater part of the seventy-five years of its existence. During fifty-four of these years a Re- publican President has occupied the White House and a Democratic Presi- dent only twenty. Buchanan, Cleveland and Wilson have been the only Demo- cratic Presidents in that period. ‘The principle of the protective tariff was written into the Republican plat- form when Lincoln was nominated for the first time in 1860. That platform definitely committed the party to pro- tection in the following language: “That, while providing revenue for the support of the general Govern- ment by duties upon imports, sound policy requires such an adjustment of these imposts as to encourage the devels ent of the industrial inter- ests of the whole country; and we commend that policy of national ex- changes which secures to the work- ingmen liberal wages, to agriculture remunerative prices, to mechanics and manufacturers an adequate re- ward for their skill, labor and enter- prise, and to the Nation commercial prosperity and independence.” ‘The Republican party through all the years has clung to the principle of the protective tariff. Because of its iong control of affairs, this policy has been a dominating facter in the de- velopment of the Nation. 8o thorough- ly is it grounded in the Nation's eco- nomic fabric that it is not likely it could be wiped out by any political party that might gain control of the Government. Even now the Republic- ans in Congress are revising the tariff law with the principle of protection out- standing in all consideration of the new legislation. = In the old days of Thomas Jefferson, now hailed as the patron saint of the Democratic party, the Republican party was the Jeffersonian party, in open op- position to the Federalist party of which Alexander Hamllton was the bright, particular star. The party of Jefferson eventually discarded the name and the party which was to perpetuate some of the principles of government held by Hamilton took it up when the time for revolt against the old order was ripe in 1854. o ‘There were some oratorical explosions on Independence day that many per- sons regarded as even more dangerous than the usual fireworks. The old cus- tom of limiting & patriotic celebration to a harmless though ornate employ- ment of verbal pyrotechnics commends itself as safe and sane. ———r——————— Liquor Thieving. The theft of “medicinal whisky,” valued, according to reports, at $2,000,~ 000, from a warehouse in Chicago is under investigation by the prohibition officials. Hundreds of barrels, sup- posed to contain whisky, have been rifled of their contents and colored water, other kinds of spirits and what not have been substituted. Approxi- mately’ 8,000 ¢ases of red water have the old war-time ditty and call it “Over Here!” A Permanent Traffic Campaign. Traffic sccidents and fatalities seem to travel in cycles that are sometimes hard to explain. But a rapidly mount. ing list of casualties was cut short the other day when motor cycle policemen from the precincts were concentrated under the authority of the Traffic Bu- resu and sent out to cut down traffic viplarions by rigid enforcement of the 1aw. The success of the experiment has bsen demonstrated pretty thoroughly, although it should be continued until it is definitely proven that large squads | ef policemen, working under a eclosely centralizéd authority, can actually pre- vent accidents by_continued ulpn"‘vw_an taken the place of a similar number of cases of bonded whisky. If the re- ports be true, an astounding situation Jhas been revealed. For this whisky has been stolen while under the constant supervision of the Federal Government. The theft, it is intimated, has ‘been going on for a year or more. Under the circumstances the removal of the whisky seems necessarily to have been an “inside job.” So far no accusations have been made and no arrests, although 1t is said that from 25 to 50 persons have been under suspicion. 1t is such occurrences that throw discredit on prohibition enforcement, and, through that channel, on prohibi- tion itself, ‘The wets will say, in sten- torian tones, it merely goes to show that the dry jaws are enforceable; the Chicago warehouse where medicinal liquor has been stored for use through- out the Middle West. -t Air pilots should not be permitted to take up planes under circumstances which leave the slightest question of sobriety. Dependable traffic regulations are needed for the skyways as well as for earth’s thoroughfares. ——te———— When all the mergers are accom- plished the world will be interested to see whether some one element will be sufficiently influential to give its lead- ing personage supreme control over commercial affairs. The present period of economic evolution would be well worthy the study of a Herbert Spencer. ——wee—— Astrologers are to meet at Rahway, N. J, to study such men as Hoover and Thomas Edison to learn the causes of | their eminence. Perhaps one reaton for their success was that they re- mained practically industrious and al- lowed themselves no time for astrology and kindred forms of interest. — vt A building program which will pro- vide proper housing for the United | States Government should appeal to statesmen, all of whom expect to spend most or all of their lives in the Distriet of Columbia, e New Orleans risks allowing the splen- did fame of its holiday moods to be overwhelmed by the terrors of street rioting. ——— b SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Billion Dream. A billion dollars came my way— But it was only just a dream. The golf I undertook to play ‘Was but the same old sorry scheme. I was confused, just as of yore, In knowing when to go or stop, And had, in sorrow, as before, My run-ins with the motor cop. ‘The valet stood with haughty mien, The cook surveyed the pantry shelf: And none, in that domestic scene, Would let me wait upon myself! This life became & pleasant joke Where laughter shed & fleeting gleam. When I to poverty awoke And found it all & passing dream. Theughts Released. “You made a splendid speech on the Fourth of July!” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum, “an orator may be puzzied by modern issues, but anclent history gives him & chance to cut loose.” Jud Tunkins says helf the fun of goin’ to & Summer resort seems to be sittin’ in a stufty corner addressin’ post cards. Pinancisl Sentiment. Oh, sweetheart, do not tarry In this financial urge! ‘We're rich enough to marry— S0 let our fortunes merge. Rivalries. “Does your mother rpprove of me?” asked the young man. ‘Somewhat,” answered Miss Cayenne. “But not enough to render her what I shouid regard as s dangerous rival.” | fiin “To tell your serrows,” said Hi Ho, the" sage of Chinatown, “is to be generous toward your enemies and give them opportunity to rejoice.” - Astronemer in Auto Traffc. the ways of distant stars are can you learn | | A NATIONS BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES Bishop of Tezxt: “They that shall de of Thee shall build the waste es, Thou shalt be called the repatrer of the breach, the restorer of paths to dwell in” (Isaiah; lifi.12), ‘What a program the above text sug- gests! It is a lofty vision of what constitutes & nation’s privilege, as well as a nation’s opportunity. is more obvious in our generation ) that the secret of happiness and true cfficiency, as well as security and per- manence, are found in fulfillment of the high ideals of self-sacrifice and service. This ancient word is in con- sonance with that spoken by the Master where He sald, “He that Ieseth his life shall find it.” It is a strange but indisputable fact that our growth and power are llle determined by the consistency and generosity that charac- terize our relations with those less for- tunate than ourselves. What is true of us individually is true of us as & nation. In the hurried life of our day we seem birth in sacrifice and ring crisis that has resulted in advance has been marked service of men and women who counted not their lives dear unto themselves. We have formed the habit in this country of izing on ecertain notable anni the heroic service of these who have gone before. Too frequently the recognition of this takes the form of praise, praise that is cheap, rather than reproduction of the virtues that distinguished those whose names and deeds we recall. It has been truly said that this Nation never ascended a higher mount of vision than when in 1917 it forgot self- interest and merged its vast enterprise with the interests of the world. During this momentous périod men and women of ovpz class and kind forgot for the while their own local and personal in- terests and conceived of elves as ready and willing burden-bearers of world interests and concerns. In the afterglow of the anniversary of our Independence day it would be well for us to rediscover to ourselves what kind of patriotism, love of eoun- try, we really exhibit. There are cer- tain reprehensible forms of patriotism that we brand as cheap and unworthy. First, the patriotism that reckons life solely in terms of acquisition. It is a form that is wholly sel and insular. There are altogether t00 many expres- slons of it abroad in the land todsy. Again, there is a form of patriotism that is voluble where no sacrifice is entailed. It is the kind that speaks in glowing terms of flag and country, but is unwilling t ice convenience where conditions are such that they GREATNESS E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Washington ery out for aid and succor. Again, there is’a kind of patriotism, quite common among us now, that esteems personal liberty as transcending the authority of law, and_that refuses obedience to its dictum. It is a curious fact that fre- quently those whose prosperity demands the most complete protection of that which: Iaw_affords are most recreant to its mandates. A still further expres- sion of this kind of chel{l patriotism is that which claims much and gives little, All of these expressions are rep- rehensible and unworthy of the guard- ianship and protection of the flag. Over against these we set those ideals of service, of true patriotism, which the above text sets forth. To be a builder means to have a broad itable concern for the unfor- ted. 'n:re uel and a ce when we 50 e ty that it reckons with conditions that, while remote, call forth our glad and irer of the breach means benefactor to those nerous considera- beljeve that one of purposes for which God has Nation is that of repair- The work of the con- is & supreme lm\e. ‘m| ':"v ufllm_ eterogeneous e, and within o confines a vast 332 of assimilation is 10 be accomplished. Beyond this we be- lieve that America is to fill a large and important role in effecting better con- mfi’ , through the healing of breaches that distress and distract the nations of the elder world. Already through its multilateral treaties a splendid step has been taken in this direction. To be a restorer of paths to dwell in is'to be the conserver of peaceful wa the protector of the vital interests of t! home, the school and the church. It is_conspicuously true that religion is the basis of our happiness and per- manence. Washington had this in mind when in his Farewell Address he said, “In all habits and customs leading to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports.” When America has T“ to such stature that she is the builder of waste places, the repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths to dwell in, we shall have tained as a Nation to true greatness. In Limelight Because of Wheat BY WILLIAM HARD. | The new Federal Farm board will come into active heing probably this week, with every chance thet its SBouth- western member, Mr. Carl Williams of Oklashoma, is on his way to an es- pecially active and perplexing pubue“ official career. \ This is because wheat is by far the| largest and most difficult problem that the new Federal Farm Board will co front and because Mr. Williams is the only member of the board so far named | who has had any wheat co-operative | Most Republican politicians here cal- | culate that wheat and other grains are | responsible for the vital bulk of the agricultural political storm which has harassed and devastated the Repub- liean party in the Northwest for the last seven years. They care relatively little about milk. cream, butter, steers. sheep, tobacco, cotton, fruits, nuts or| their Democratic colleagues from the | South to worry about cotton; and they thankfully note that the other com-| modities last mentioned are either in| a fairly prosperous condition or else any rate are costing the Republican arty few seats in the Congress and | few pangs of any prospective political | nxiety. Grains—and especially wheat —they look at with a different eye.| They caleul that if the President| could only solve wheat the Republican | party would be paradoxically but hap- plly in elover. | From this point of view the personnel | of the new Federal Farm Boa IB(\I ing the Republican party and the P1 7.~ dent a great deal of unabated distress of mind. The President has not been able yet to get any agreement among | Northwestern wheat interests on a Northwestern wheat man whom would: wish to appoint on the It should be understood that in m: ing appointments to board the President has introduced a great novelty into a Federal political practice. Instead | of principally consulting political groups he has principally consulted economic grot Instead of chiefly asking Sen- ators and Representatives and national committeemen for their views he has chiefly addressed his inquiries to the direct immediate business representa- tives of the farmers in their co-oper- ative organizations. Moreover, he has sent these inquiries mnenlmlenovlnutobegtob- ably absolutely unprecedented. It is not an exaggeration to say that thou- ds of the economic spokesmen of the arrars have been solicited for their opinions and recommendations. Out of this sort of broad referendum the President has been able to secure and to name g certain number of board members who in all instances have had ractical economic _experience with arm problems and who have been re- ceived by most of the country with an emphatic display of at least tentative -pymvll. t is nevertheless noted by Republi- can politicians that not one of these memi from the grain which m:;l “'nmmuenhd it” Senators like orbeck, McMaster, Nye, Frazier, and the Parmer-Laborite Shipstead. ‘The Pasific Slope and are represented by Mr. Charles C. ‘Teague. The Eastern and Southern growers of that arduous crop, tobacco, are represented by Mr. James C. Stone, ‘The cattle hérds of the West and South- west are represented by Mr. C. B. Den- man. The dairy barns of the whole country would have been admirably represented by Dr. W. 8. Moserip if out of love for private life he had not re- fused to serve, and will undoubtedly be well represented by any one of the other fruits and nuts | Feds {Oklahoma Farm Board Member % tially in simply “ecutting out the mid- dleman” and then otherwise selling their wheat at the eurrent instant mar- ket prices. Secondly, however, and qui arately, there are the so-called “State- ‘wide poo! ‘These “pools” undertake to buy wheat from the farmers and more or less to hold it for future or- derly delivery into the market and for stabilized and improved prices. They the farmer two-thirds or so of the value of his wheat when they take it from him, and they pay him the rest of its value when that value is deter- | mined by the ultimate sale. Their final aim would seem to be a “national pool” which would take and hold ail the wheat ‘of the United States for or- derly and deferred sale on a unit plan. ‘There are some 4,000 farmers’ co- operative Iocal grain elevators, with & Tational association” for general ad- visory helpfulness. ‘There are eight ‘State-wide pools” which over and over | vegetables. They leave it principally 0| oonin have striven toward merging themselves into larger interstate en- deavors. The wheat co-operative movement is therefore & deeply divided movement: and out of that division and conflict it is difficult to summon a man who will sffectively and acceptably represent the situation as a whole. The President may solve {his difi- culty this week or he may find it unsolvable for some time to come. fortunate that Mr. having done fundamental work in the ization of operative movement in cotton. has taken a ent part in the labors of the Oklahoma Wheat Growers' Association, which is a “State-wide wheat pool. Mr. Williams is an extraordinary man who started as a workboy sawing staves in a factory at $3 a week, who earned his way through the normal school at Dexter, Towa, and in spite of his out- side toil was graduated at the hcad of his class, and who in the midst of being | U one of the busiest of agricultural organ- izers and of agricultural editors has retained in full measure the idealistic impulses that made a g preacher in churches in his early youth. If Mr. Williams can rescue the cotton industry of the South and help rescue the wheat industry of the Northwest and thus simultaneously save our (WO |y hept; he will certainly be the’tn major erops, board's savior-in-chief. (Copyright. 1920.) New Paper Money Differs From Old in Size and Type BY HARDEN COLFAX. Bid farewell to the comforting “gold- back”; take a last look upon the solemn features of Messrs. Hendricks, Manning, Everett, Hillegas, Benton, McCulloch, Sherman and of Lewis and Clark, for the new currency which Uncle Sam will to release for circulation next tes begin ‘Wednesday not enly is smaller in size than the present bills, but reduces the variety of designs substantially! It will be three or four months be. fore most of the currency issued by the eral Government will have been ex- changed for the new currency, and even lamr before the currency issued By the [X l:nlonumhnkt wmchmef:r%u: that privilege disappears generally, buf retirement of the great bulk of the old bills will be rather rapid, in view of the huge task involved. Some, of course, will dribble in for years to come; som never will be presented and the Treas- ury will be so much the richer—it still holds $2,044,000 for demand notes and fractional currency recalled years ago. numerous prominent dairy leaders who can be chosen in his place. None of these gentlemen, however, will be accepted by the Northwestern cosoperative grain-selling interests as being & competent representative and ! reformer of thelr disordered and baf g situation. Nor will they in that capacity ae- cept Mr. Alexander Legge, who is to be chairman of the new board. Mr. Legge, it is true, has done nothing in business all his life long but either labor on a grain farm or else machine used prineipally in the harvesting grain. He is not, however, a profes- sional itural co-operative market- Iber and prosesior st Erain: and I it T processor 3 H from one of those two classes of men, | where and when you|Bs Ve come. ‘The failure of the President to find has ‘Washing but information arriving here n-om"f:e Northwest has now made the reason |gra LERe me ‘The Treasury Department has gone about its job et chai the size of the money in ner. ving and Pflnan‘ has been working day and night to accumulate a stock of the new-size eurrency, and at the up & replacement sup- same tim ply of the old-size bills, but its force t back to normal on the now s aboul wél:p‘!?!: ation 1 the keynote of the e Exmd of & hange. cation is pedr papes menty issue. haif n or more designs, character- dollar bills of the various types authorized, there is the back of a dollar bill, regard! the faces and backs of identical characteristics in any single denomination. The backs of all'bills of all denominations are printed unif in green; the faces are with the Tréasury in_biue ver certificates, United notes, yellow for gold certificat for Pederal Reserve notés an il Btates n | erates four farms in Missouri, recalling sep- | o, ood | liberties, free from poverty and fear te Preas | ¢ Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Not of the historic relics mark- ing the flight of time and the advance- ment of means of communication in this country are finding their way into the Smithsonian Institution. This will be emphasized when the old “wood- burner” engine, uce, first and_oldest mountain-climbing engine in the world, goes back to its native heath and the scenes of its first pufing endeavors, in New Hampshire mountains. Since 1893 it has been one of the mlfllfletmfl! in the his- toric co) of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, in Baltimore, This old contraption used to operate on cog-wheels, its quaint upright boiler swinging on pivots. Its daily run was up Mount Washington, N. H., towering 6,203 f above sea level. It is being | conditioned by & Maine | Railroad for its last run up to the mountain peak. ‘The Peppersauce will be formally, oniously, ted to the gyclul!’n- ufilu#n Ra on July 20, Allard, president of the Bal & Ohio Railroad Gov. Charles W. 'rghy l n A of New Ham, will receive the relic and mnm% recreational New Hampshire. It will hold a place of henor in Bretton Woods Station at the foot of Mount Washing- ton, within sight of both raflway and highway, to be vi by tourists to burner” was built in 1863 by Sylvestel o T Marsh of Littleton, . H., the motive et T RS RS Hayes and Cleveland dth‘emm:'sfi pmn:uwn m“;.:'”n'i‘ s Celebrities of the elder days. It why ox. hibited at the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893, at the St. Louis Fair in 1904 and at the Pleld Columbian Museum, Chieago, ; % R m'r;‘r:? l;‘e. ;i:" ?cmc rlnmmm; and y el Ts in nearly 700 colleges in_the United States, not including chap- ters of honorary t.;:oo a;!‘nl-horfsnn g X these ha college homes, of which nearly 2,000 are owned by the chapters themselves. The investment is approximately $64,000,000. In & biennial survey of higher educa- sion by Arthur J. Klein, chief of divi- sion of the Federa! Bureau of Education, it is emphasized that almost one-tenth of the entire college student body of the eountry is housed and fed in fra- ternity houses. and a considerable bur- den is thus taken from the institutions. ‘These fraternities combine the bene- fits of common housing and dining, of social life, of guidance in activity and even in study, so condemnation of their faults must be considered in the light of these advantages, Dr. Klein points out. “Many of the evils that arise in connection with college fraternities have due to institutional assumption of too little responsibility and guthority in aspects of fraternity #ity other than' those connected with housing, says, % % Secretary Arthur M. Hyde of the De- partment of Agriculture and who op- that there was a time when the cry, “I am a Roman citizen!” brought to the aid of the distressed citizen every other man within earshot, has just made & &t appeal to the National Edu- cation Association to exert its nation- wide influence to aid by precept and example in soundly and constructively snswering the equally compelling ery, “I am an American farmer!” Secretary Hyde reminds us that the development of the automobile took out of the farm budget most of the vast sums which were formerly realized from sales of horses and mules, reduced the consumption of grains and forage crops. Less shoe leather was needed Even the vogue of girlish figures among the fair sex. Secretary Hyde finds, has had its reflex in the case books of the farm. So has silken hose. The dicta of the dietitians. which now run to milk and vegetables, have helped to write the bank balances of wheat farmers in red ink. The manufacturer of rayon, the Secretary says. is no friend of cotton, or wool, or of silk—and so it goes. ko ox “Please reprint President Ha#®ling's sentiment on “The Soul of Ameriéa,” a | correspondent asks. | Former President Coolidge said: “If our eountry wishes to compete with others, let it not be in the support of armaments, but in the making of s beautiful Capital City. Let it express the Boul of America,” etc. Perhaps our correspondent refers to 8 recent utterance by President Hoover as follows: “My conception of America is a land where men and women may walk in ordered freedom in the independent conduct of their occupations; where they may enjoy the advantages ef wealth, not concentrated in the hands few, but spread through the lives build and safe tented and happy people, secure in their shall have their leisure and the im- pulse to seek a higher life. * k kX of how the t red the hearts of hidden away in Northampton, now known as Alientown, Pa. 152 ago to save it from being melted into cannon balls for the British, is told by Representative Charles J. Esterly of Pennsylvania. To prevent the British from convert- ing herald of freedom” into mueh- needed ammunition. a little more than & year after it had first pealed forth its clarion notes of triumph that have since echoed throughout the world. in Sep- tember, 1777, when the Britith were 100 numerous for comfort in the vicinity of Philadelphia, ut a mee! of the a:acua: :;unen it was ‘dfi:ldefl g le'gg e together chimes and tower bell of Christ Church and the tower bell of St. Peters, 11 bells in all, to some distant settlement. The patriotism and loyalty to the continental cause of the citizens of Northampten (Allentown) were well known to the executive council and it was_decided to intrust the Liberty Bell in the care of the people of this . The following entry is found in the diary of thé Moravian Church, at Bethlehem, under date of September 25, 1777 in . The n Fouse" bel broke down here, 50 it had to be unioaded. The other bells went on.” / to the summit of | eages | upon formally to " John Jacob Mickley drove the team that hauled the Liberty Bell. After his wagon broke down, Prederick Leaser, another farmer, came along and the londed on his wagon and the orthampton. lean{“?ll fl;-h m ehure"?; chimes were en under floor the old Zon Reformed Church in Northampton, the Blume, Aassisting eonceal . GETTING A PASSPORT BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. This is the passport season, when thousands of Summer tourists are tax- ing the facilities of the Passport Di- vision of the Department of State for formal credentials enabling them to en- ter foreign countries. Indications are that the season will be the largest in history. ‘The native-born Americai', accustom- ed to the free usages of the United States, upon making his first applica- tion, will be swprised at the inquisi- tiveness of his Government concerning nal details of his life. A usual| rst reaction is that the Department | of State is merelysan old gossip want- ing to know a lot of things which are none of its businses. However, n-{ perience will show that the information | must be forthcoming unless the traveler is willing to face complications abroad and probable refusal of entry in for- eign lands. Through operation of special courtesy arrangements, a few countries do not require of | public, Haiti, Honduras, the Republic of Panama and Uruguay. arran been made by whiel parent, brother or sister of an Ameri- can soldier, - saflor or marine buried al may visit his grave, but in such 'r papers must be obtained from the Department of War showing proof of claim of relationship. The validity of such passports extends only to the country where the soldier is buried or countries which must be traversed en route. American seamen do not, as a rule, require passports,| their seamen’s certificates being ample. As & matter of fact the Department | of State is not idly inquisitive in ask- ing all the questions it does of passport applicants. Officials and clerks are| not merely using their positions to| find out all they can about the per- sonal life of the applicant, however | much that may appear to be the case. | ‘The prime reason for insistence upon | the data is that the United States Government is responsible for its cit- izens wherever they may . novice applicant, when ask by the Department of State why he desires to m to a foreign country and how long expects to stay, may feel strongly impelled to your business!"” reply tartly, ‘“None of ment’s business. Citizenship follows the citizen. ments have 4 But it is the Govern- . Government responsibil- ity cannot sleep. If an American is going abroad to engage in some occu- pation which the Department of State knows to be against the laws of the country to be visited, the trip thereby ?muhly resulting in complications, it | eels it has a right to take preventive | steps, The applicant may not know | there ix anything wrong in what he plans to do. Kome of the Stumbling Biocks. Also. there are hundreds of treaties in force between the United States and | foreign countries. These have diverse clauses, some calling for exchange of | information about persans moving back and forth. Matters of citizénship are | of the utmost imj ce and must | be clearly established. Property and| other rights may be affected. Indeed, the United States Govern- | ment is aboyt the least inquisitive of vernments in this matter of who a raveler is and what he is intending to do. European countries go into great | details. r own pass) regulations | have been strengthened as a result of | the war, but are generally regarded | world travelers of experience as’ born and where and when, impatience threatens to set in. He thinks about how everybody the country back home knows him and knew his fether and grandfather before him and that the whole procedure is & lot of Gov- ernment red tape about which he will write to his Congr 3 should remember that the Department of State does not have all ‘hat obvious information and that it must be in a position to submit legal proof to foreign governments of his citizenship, Even now not all States have birth registration systems, and some of thoge in.operation do not go back rar enough to afford certified information concern- ing births. That fact is recognized by the Department of State and procedure arranged so that if a birth certificate is not obtainable there may be other re- course. Baptismal certificates, if dated very soon after birth, will serve in some cases. In others affidavits of parents, lege! guardians, physicians, nurses or midwives present at birth of the ap- plicant may be obtained. If those he | BOUrces feil, it is possible for the de- partment to accept the affidavit of » reputable citizen who can prove that he knew of the child’s birth, parentage and such data. But he must further tell the Department of State how he hap- gmed 1o know the facts and satisfy it hat no fraud is involved. Names Are Important. ‘The part of the application blank which causes some women to be certain of the gossiping nature of the Gov- ernment is that relating to questions of marriage and divorce. A woman must state whether she has been mar- ried, and if so, give the date and name of the man she married. If divorced, she must state that and give the date of the divorce and address of her former husband, if possible. Ob- viously, the address has to be dispensed with in some cases. Name and address of the womsn's father also must be given. Tt is even asked whom she is de- pendent upon. These facts are neces- sary to the Department of State to establish eitizenship bevond any ques- no& of b: doubt. embers of the Lucy Stone League who, although married, continue to use their maiden names must follow the name with that of the husband in parentheses and must give su porting evidence to the effect that woman continues to be known by her maiden name in the community in which she lives. The same procedure applies in the matter of noms de plume of writers, stage names or business names. For example, the famous movie star. in applying for a passport. would have to s herself Mary Pickford (Mrs. Douglas Fairbanks) ‘unless she were willing to do as less famous mar- ried women do and merely subscribe Mary Pickford Pairbanks. Provision also is made for individuals having names in religion. as, for example, in the case of a Catholic nun, who would sign her original name followed by (Sister Mary). or whatever the religious name might be. written in parentheses. Professionsl or other titles such as Dr., Prof., Hon. and Judge are never included in munsmv Photographs are absolutely necessarr. Two must be provided. one to be affixed to the application and the duplicate 1o | the passport itself. which the traveler always keeps with him. Passport photo- graphs have long been matters of jest and, indeed. some of them dre far from fl:nmrmg. Th;_v are rehx;:mlscent of the ping-pong photographs _ which _were popular 20 vears ago. Thev must not be more than 3 inches square or less than 215 inches square. Then, too. the by being quite liberal. One of the very first requirem of 'h'el Dej et of State whnich fre-| quently persons ere whose forbears were born here for gen- | erations relates to the birth of the :g-} plicant. Where possible a birth certifi- | cate must be submitted. The noviee | -&gm! is likely to think of the old ! s about the man making out a | census return, who, after the question | “Born,” wrote, “Yes.” It seems to him! that it should be obvious to the De- | partment of Statp that he is alive and | equally obvicus that he is a 100 | cent American. S6 when he is called | prove that he was' ents fre- | gives a complete deseription with ial attention being paid ‘e distinguishing marks. The pa: t clerk seizes instantly upon such a thing 85 a harelip, a cast in the eye, a broken nose, & caulifiower esr, or anything like that. A This is just a little of the informa- tion which the Department of State re- quires. Applications may be made direct to the artment of State at ‘Washington, to rtment of State agents in other cities, or_to clerks of Federal or State . Pa are good for twe years and the total cest is $10. It is contrary to law for any person to charge any other fee for ob- taining a passport for a client. This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. It is difficult to see how any one| really can hate cats. | Yet, on the other hand, one hears' people say, “Oh, I hate cats!” as if hating were as easy as that. : The truth is that hate, the general | term for extreme aversion, is much too | ::.kmu for the average case of cat dis- e. While there may be some few peoxlei who actually hate, de , abhor, de- | test, abominate and Icathe cats. the g:ut majority of the self-called cat| ters are simply making a poor choice of words. To hate a thing means to have an ex- treme aversion for it, e:re lly as coupled with enmity or malice Surely the average person one hears lambasting the sport with some) would be unwilling to profess any leular enmity, and surely would not confess to malice. * ¥ ¥ % No, moest of the “hate” for Felis domestica is nothing more than dislike, for there is nothing in the constitution or habits of the cat which would enable ln;’tme to hate it. iends of cats can see nothing at all about & cat which calls for hatred. In- difference, they believe, is the better virtue, one cannot actively like them. And no doubt this is the view of thousands and thousands of human be- ings, who accept the cat as & harmless necessity, or at worst a mild nuisance, | mi to awake them with e middie of the nigl it one =% of cat hap) in t ‘ha) ston 'gs fur, or to staring eyes, or soft— they call them “sneaking”—motions. fim the whole world professes to love the dog, a steady inda against the eat has gone forwa t{:rvuxt;. :he centuries. Even magasines have 1 The humorous magazine Lifc of the , whereas Liberty seems to have un‘flc:flnm an active campaign against the cat. Beveral months :{n Albert Payson Terhune had an extremely prejudiced and—so it seemed to cat friegds—un- fair article on cats. - ntly Beach, we believe, had an interes! \ Study Row. house cat (a popular |, IFifty Years Ago In The Star A bitter fight was in progress 50 | years ago over the demand of the peo- ple of Washington for a reform in the study system of the public schools. The Star, in the following editorial printed in its issue of July 2, 1878, expresses itself ctrongly on the matter of the action of the trustees on the report of a spe- cial committee named to conduct a sur- vey and make recommendations: “The sehool had & harmonious meeting last night and made some rt of the com- of ly and text books. The ciple ‘No new text books' was indorsed: also, by striking out ecertain books from the list an making them works of reference and y dropping others altogether ‘fewer studies’ are provided. The ghost of the board seems happily to have lost its terrors for the trustees. If all the Pro- posed chan, are discussed in the same spirit the public can have no com- plaint to make in respect to the fair- ness of the board. ere is, however, tter growing out of the the trustees The School one mal tion of protest, thoug not shoulder the blame. the minutes of the meeting for the trustees on June 24 the !a“owm= Teso- lution was adopted by a vote of 8 to 7, in reference to the report of the com- ttee on course of study: “‘That the recommendations of committee be now considersd, but that all preceding therets be regarded as not before the board, or any part of its re- “T, ssems that the mover of this resolution was tired of the profitiess’ i) ‘Draise | deman my«u was .~ As tfia hfi:;‘ especial exception was taken by -any one of the rvunp dabout methods of pre- the recommendations. be parliamentary, senting it. The &ufid'fl method of striking out U nfi in Liberty ealled “The Cat-Man.” R S T B g Lo since they Here the bells remained until after the | J7% elphia by the part_of 1778, when to eIphia. first evacuation of British in :.ho Iatter k%h‘lfl 'lgl of America. tures of Alexander Hamiiton. A por W‘kmmmfihcm" fi&lm for national bank notes—the five | pg fl‘uml 'of cutrency now issued under aw, - It genrdlgt the ueo.&f the notes 8% s o5 this. toavure o+ 5 iving te shut its eyes m'mn 0] ! existed reminded one of Mr. zgs % E 4l E i 3 3z i o { i ? 755 5 " % 5 | 5 ] i 2 a g ! 4