Evening Star Newspaper, June 29, 1929, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, WASHI With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY.......June 29, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The ‘znnlu'sur“r:ma- Company ‘ ity per month. (when 60c per month The Evening and Sun (when 5 Sundays). The Sunday Star ¢ per copy Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent in by mall or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday. Daily only Sunday only " 1 yr $6000: 1 mo.l S0c 1310 3400 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. d $12.00: 1 +8.00: . $1.00 ;1 mo. 8t $5.00; 1 mo.. Daily only 80c Suncay only, Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is excl o the use for republication } ew: ! patches credited to it or not otherwise 1 iied in this paper and also the incal news | published herein. All riehts of publication of special dipa'ches herein are also reserved = When Politics Comes In. 65¢ per month | 1 3r.$10.00: 1 mo.. 88c | If Americans will interpret the rud- den Franco-American debt crisis in the | light of politics, they will understand | what has just happened in Paris. The situation-can be graphically visusiized | in terms of things which have recently } occurred in Washington. French poli- | ticlans, like their i’k everywhere (in-! cluding the United States), delight now | and then in making life a burden for | the party or government in power. | Sometime® they are actuated by pa-| triotic matives. At other times they are | purely partisan and plainly pestiferous. | For same weeks the French govarn- ment, represented by Premier Poin- care, Foreign Secretary Briand and Pi- nance Minister Cheron, have been urg- ing Parliament to ratify the 1926 Mel- lon-Berenger debt settlement. As an inducement to accelerate ratification, the United States agreed to incorporate in that settlement the $407,000,000 due August 1, 1929, in payment of the sur- plus A. E. F. stocks sold to the Prench after the armistice. If France did not ratify the war-loan settlement by Au- gust 1, she was given to understand we would “expect liquidation of the war stocks bill on the due date. In a heated and hectic all-night ses- sion of the Chamber of Deputies Thurs- day, the Poincare cabinet was swept off its feet in consequence of an impas- sioned anti-American outburst by the well known deputy, M. Franklin Bouil- Jon, chairman of the foreign affairs.| Arguing that the United States “ds! holding a knife at France’s throat,” M. Bouillon demanded that M. Claudel, the | French Ambassador in Washington, forthwith be instructed to seek a post- ponement of the $407,000,000 payment due August 1. Ratification of the Mel- lon-Berenger agreement would, under that proposal, be correspondingly de- layed. ‘The chamber fairly sizzled with Gallic temperament following the explosion of M. Boulllon, who found it éasy to in- fame the emotions of all parties with his tirade against this country—an in. dictment which incidentally attacked the Young reparations plan as an “American” plan and therefore, M. Bouillon labored, one that is inherently reprehensible and obnoxious. M. Poin- care, face to face with a vote of “no confidence,” which would have toppled his cabinet, bent the knee and an- nounced that he would instruct the French Ambassador in accordance with Parliament’s manifest desires. The scholarly M. Claudel wended his sor- rowful ‘way to the State Department yesterday in pursuance of a mission which is known to gall him. The Prench politicians who are mak- ing a party foot ball out of the debt situation know that with Congress in recess Washington is powerless to ex- tend the period of payment for the war stocks. Senate and House alone can alter the terms of our funding settle- ments with foreign governments. Un- der the circumstances, if the French insist on withholding ratification of the Mellon-Berenger pact and fail besides to turn over the $407,000,000 due four ‘weeks ‘hence, they will stand before the world as defaulters. If M. Bouillon and his supporters think that French credit in the money markets of the world is capable of standing such a strain, that is their business. As the franc falls they may come to their senses, but it will be too late. Meantime, one may be assured, Americans like President Hoover, who have had recent experience with the eccentricities of congressional genius, cherish the utmost sympathy for the French government. At the White House it must be known exactly how they feel today on the Quai d'Orsay. —————— ——— ‘Wherever the genial Mr. Dawes pre- sents himself the valuable idea asserts itself that “a pleasant time was had by all.” —oo—a Virginia listens respectfully to Bish- op Cannon, but local statesmen show a divided inclination to offer up prayers for or against prohibition. ——— Suburbs are commendably frank In realizing that Washington, D. €, is destined to become the really “Big Town" of the American continent. The Law-Abiding Diplomats. ‘Washington now knows the truth. ‘The Capital and Senator Caraway will slesp sounder o' nights. Grave inter- | acts on the defensive. national difficulties \have been averted through open s*ad:tics openly arrived at. In the Just thirteen years a total of thirty-five foreign diplomats have been jzvolved in traffic “incidents” with ths olice, What a menace these dip- lomatic drivers are—to our own .spot- less reputation as safe and sane motor- st ‘There are approximately two hundred and fifty foreign diplomats accredited to Washington. thirty-five of them, or 14 per cent, have done something reprehensible with automobiles that called them to the attention of our vigilant police. During last year alone about forty-eight thousand Washingtonians, or 8.7 per cent During thirteen years | disgraceful, so Maj. Pratt is hereby re- quested to suppress the figures. For while every diplomat may be credited with at least one automobile, one can- | not afford to be so generous and give a car to everv Washingtonian, man, woman and child. The children, espe- clally, should not be allowed to drive, even for the purpose of statistical com- putations. The comparable figures are therefore even more invidious. Unless Senator Caraway demands them, they shall not become known. Now that the sum total of damage to our traffic regulations wrought by diplomatically immunized foreign guests is exposed, it is to be hoped that the | diplomats will be spared some of the caustic criticism that the corps as a whole has suffered at the hands of few of our legislators who become un: duly excited over the customary cour- tesies extended the envoys and agents of friendly nations. Occasionally, one of the visitors may become belligerant and feel inclined to go to war with a | policeman, a very human and sometimes | altogether natural inclination. Every now ; and then one of them, indiscreet in his | enfoyment of bottled immunity, may | try to race his shadow or climb a tele- phone pole. But these instances are rare indeed. When they do occur the | State Department is better equipped, and possesses the authority that the Senate lacks, to deal with the con- tingencies as they arise. r—a———— = Peace and Business. H War and the possibility of war are| always threats to business. Armed con- | fiict between nations, or within a nation, | throws into chaos the channels of com- | merce and thousands of business men | meet ruin where comparativeiy few “war millionaires” spring up. Some of | America’s leading business men, dele- gates to the convention of the lnlfl'nl-l tional Chamber of Commerce which is | soon to open in Amsterdam, plan to bring before that body & proposal that the business men of the world band themselves together in the interests 0(: international peace. The suggestion may come concretely in a resolution provid- ing that the business men of all the countries which ratify the Kellogg mul- | tilateral treaty renouncing war as a method of settling international differ- | ences agree to do no business with any nation which violates the treaty. The proposal is no more nor less than an economic boycott, directed against the nation or nations which take up arms in violation of the Kellogg treaty., Instead of the governments of the nations signatory to the treaty un- dertaking to carry out such a boycott, the business men are to be called upon to do so. It seems on its face rather a visionary proposition. It takes two na- tions, or more, to make a war. One of the nations is the aggressor. The other Usually both | claim they are waging a defensive war- fare. There is nothing in the Kellogg treaty which prohibits a nation from taking up arms to defend itself, if at- tacked. The guilt of violating the treaty, if it is violated, therefore, falls upon the aggressor nation. The business men of the world must determine, under the plan now advanced by some of the American delegates to the International Chamber of Commerce, which nation is the aggressor. That may be a difficult and delicate task. It may be that the business men of one nation place the guilt on one combatant, while the busi- ness men of another charge that the other combatant has forced war and violated the treaty. Several months ago a resolution was introduced in the Senate of thc United States by Senator Capper of Kansas proposing to “put teeth” into the Kel- logg treaty by having the nations ad- hering to the treaty refrain from sell- ing arms or munitions of war to any nation violating the treaty. The reso- lution was widely discussed at the time. The fear was expressed that the President of the United States, acting for this country, would have to deter- mine which was the aggressor nation, thereby practically involving us in war. ‘The proposal was abandoned, at least for the time being, and nothing was done about it. There has been a dis- tinct feeling in this country that Amer- ica should not undertake to joir in eco-~ nomic boycotts such as that proposed. The Kellogg treaty was drawn as sim- ply as possible, providing for no usc of force, economic or otherwise, against a nation which might violate the treaty. Had it been otherwise, the Senate would in all probability have rejected it. ‘The desire for world peace and its permanent maintenance is strong. It crops out in many ways. The sugges- | tion now advanced by American busi- ness men that the merchants of the world undertake to enforce it, while it may not be practical, at least is an in- | dication of the demand that war be thrown into- the discard as a means of settling international disputes. It is this demand, backed up by education of the peoples of the world, which gives greater promise of international peace tian treaties or armies or navies, e Huge mergers suggest the brilliant possibility of internationalizing the chain store ides. Rescue of the Spaniards. ‘The Spanish flyers who left Carta- gena on Friday a week ago in an at- tempted flight to the United States by way of the Azores utterly failed to do what they set out to do. But they succeeded in writing another great chapter in the romance of the air that stirs imagination and makes. of their rescue a more thrilling piece of news than would have been the successful completion of their voyage. Their ex- periences, eagerly awaited by a world that refuses to be satiated by the re- cital of one marvel after another, should make up a tale that beggars the now trite old stories of mariners adrift at sea. For it involves the hazards not only of land and sea, but of the air as well. Last Friday afternoon a wéek ago the four Spanish airmen left the Alcazares Airdrome at Cartagena. The last direct word of their progress .was Friday at midnight, when they were reported passing over Cape San Vincent, Portu- gal, and heading out to sea. There were plane and the rescue of the four men | and the salvage of the ship followed. _ In Spain today there are cheering crowds and great enthusiasm. All over the world there is gratification at the resurrection of four brave men. Such incidents tend to make fast friends among all nations. Courage and daring know no international boundary lines. e Gen. McCoy's Promotion. Brig. Gen. Frank McCoy's request that his own promotion to major gen- eral be deferred until a brother officer, soon to retire, has been rewarded is the sort of gesture that one naturally associates with this soldier-diplomat who has plaved such a conspicuous part in extending his country's frontier of usefulness. Gen. McCoy is an officer and a gentleman who has brought credit to his profession and to the system that trained him. He is probably best known for his work In supervising the Nicaraguan | elections, where he combined courage and tact to ‘“substitute ballots for bullets” and figuratively had to stand on a keg cf dynamite while he did it.,| But his mission to Nicaragua was only one of many services in foreign lands. He was an aide to President Roosevelt, an aide to William H. Taft as Secre- tary of War and as provisional gover- nor of Cuba, an aide to Gen. Leonard Wood in Cuba and the Philippines, as- sistant to the governor general of the Philippines, chief of staff of the Amier- ican military mission to Armenia in 1919 and of the special mission to the Philippines in 1921, American relief mission to Japan in 1923 and in addition served with dis- tinction in France during the World war. His promotion to be major general, taking effect in September, is a natural and’ deserved reward for a fine record of service. —ra——— ax Ladies to Smile. News comes from Chicago that the: International Association of Display Men in convention assembled has de- cided to create smiles on the pink faces of the wax figures which pose in de- partment store windows in the latest clothes. Such “women” are accepted at their face value by thousands of Americans every day. It is questionable whether either passing men or women pay much attention to them, the men because they are not interested, and the women because they are more interested in the clothes than the figure, (i ‘Whether they smile or frown makes little difference except in the sensitive minds of experts, who seem to figure that a smile is better than a frown any day. No doubt they are right, even when it comes to “dummies,” as such |J! manikins used to be called. All unconsciously the sweet smile o(l wax may leave a lingering impression in the minds of Americans, waxlike beneath the soothing appeal of the ad- vertising art. Conversely, the frown tends to turn the impressionable away. There is psychology in everything nowadays, even in store windows. In fact, few places show more “psychology” per square foot than display windows, where artists have worked to put oyer large amounts of appeal. The working world will be a better place because its wax ladies smile, just as it is because its real women smile more today than ever before in the history of mankind. The American smile is beautiful, whether in wax or the real thing. i A Wall Street speculator is pretty| doned sure to regard any additional cost of call money as only s slight considera- tion in the face of & supposedly good tip on the market. Theatrical producers are lauded by Mayor Jimmy Walker. It is again made clear that in New York the dramatic critic has no political pull whatever. ——eee— Embassies forego alcoholic beverages. There have been many great “Temper- ance Lecturers.” Uncle Sam is the greatest of them all. —————— “Great open spaces” command ad- miration. The average citizen asks only for plain parking spaces. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Appearance at Court. There was a question long ago With certain humorous slants. Wags asked—of nothing apropos— “Do you wear pants?” Of knickerbockers we would hear. In various comic chants ‘We asked with hing of a sneer, “Do you wear pahts?” But now diplomaey in pride To modern aspirants - Puts up this question to decide— “Do you Wear pants?” Lending a Helping Hand. “What are your views on prohibi- tion?” “I am a dry,” said Senator Sorghum. “It appears to me that our dry brethren will appreciate moral support, while the wets seem able, more or less, to take care of themselves.” Jud Tunkins says he tried to laugh at his troubles, but he never yet made & hit with a day’s work by standin' off and laughin’ at it. Fortunes and Flivvers. ©Oh, good friend Henry Ford, we fear Your real merits are mislaid When the press agents let us hear Only of money you have made! Tossing in the Storm. “What is more terrible than a storm at sea?” “A suburban street car road bed.” “Great wealth,” said Hi Ho, the sage over a bad of Chinatown, “often Jeaves its pos- | IU sessor the choice between being respect- ed or ridiculous.” d Night Clubbers. reports on Saturday that they had reached the Azores, but twenty-four ihour- passed before the reports were of the population, were enmeshed in |contradicted and the fiyers were listed similarly embarrassing difficulties, If one cares to go back for thirteen years and ‘compare the number of traffic arrests with the total number of Washingtondans, it s probable that the result wduld be | as missing. Then & search began that | lasted for a week and only yesterday the Spanish government announced that it ' retained small hope of & rescue. Yester- day an airplane from the Eagle, British ‘The lightning bug said 1o the owl, “Though difference we display, We syrapathize. At night we prowl, And stay awake all day.” tion,'” said Uncle Eben, “unless you means dat - we's tex, start right fum here an’ try to ¥ commanded the | NGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, ‘The problem of the child who does not like school is an old one, but we wonder if educators have ever consid- ered it from a business standpoint. In other words, why is it that the overgrown boy who leaves school from the fifth grade on. so often finds work in the business world entirely to his liking? ‘What is there about real life, as contrasted with ti> somewhat arti- ficial school life, which appeals to a boy? This basic dissimilarity between school and business accounts for many scholastic “failures,” which in the analysis are not flunks at all, but simply misfits. i Life is full of misfits of all sorts; it is little wonder that the paternal- istic system called school should teem with them. In the business world, however, many of these delinquents turn into first-rate successes. By the term “business world,” let it be sald, in passing, we simply mean life after the school years. For the great majority of young men 1and women there is a very decided de- marcation between school and later life. ‘There is little merging—and less connection. Most of the bare facts learned before serve not at all later. ‘Whatever profession, business, trade, work one takes up, a whole new group of related facts must be learned, in some degree, and an entirely new set of reactions put into operation. * x % ox It may be a surprising thing to ed- ucators to know that thousands of their most successful former pupils are unanimous in declaring that they nev- er liked school. And why didn't they like it? Why s it that many a man who de ex- cellent “grades” in school days is will- ing to admit that he never really lived until after his school days were over? The basic reason, one may feel, is | the hard-and-fast system of “marks,” which constitutes an abnormality in real living. In the business world astute execu- tives know the good points and the falures of their men without rubbini it in through the use of an mmch‘ set of preconceived standards. Happily in life one y be a semi- failure in peace, whereby in school one is called a dunce and stood in the corner. The unhappiest, the unfairest thing about it is that the one in the corner may be no dunce at all. Instead of the corner, he may have deserved the teacher's chair—but would teacher have been human enough to have given it to him? Is there any teacher in the world who has the vision to see the future successes? If educators could unerringly pick out the future great men, they would coneentrate on them and permit the rest to get along as best they might. * ok k% One can be a failure, or a semi- fallure, in life, without suffering the ignominy of receiving “marks” at stated periods. Boys, girls, men, women, all feel the essential injustice of others sitting in judgment on them. Such a system is the best that human minds have been able to evolye through the centuries, but many are convinced that it is full of error, at best, and be- set with the injustice which mankind inflicts upon itself when dealing with itself in the mass. Business, one may feel convinced, JUNE 29, 1929. THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover ‘When Henty, Duke of Richmond. rode away victorious from the battle of | Bosworth, where Richard ITI had been killed, the War of the Roses was ended and the House of Tudor was founded. does better by mankind. In most suc- | Henry of Richmond, who mow became cessful firms employes are honored for what they can do, not “marked down” for what cannot do. Instead a man being marked “poor,” in a certain connection, a man is cimply put on certain other work. When a selection is made for the for- mer work, some one else is selected, that is all. This is done quietly, with no insult last | to the basic dignity of human character. Millions of human beings fit into their laces in the workaday world without gdnl branded “poor” or “fair,” or even “good” or “excellent.” If they are excellent, every one knows it; if good, there is little doubt of it in any one’s mind; if fair, they are trusted to that extent; if poor, they receive compensation accordingly. ‘What does a child In school do? ‘What he does is llnlllnf, He changes “jobs” at least once a year, in effect changing employers once & year, at the last. No teacher-employer has a chance to understand him and appreciate him, as a human being, but regards him as a “case,” to be “marked” accordingly. * ok X Ifany little children resent being un- der supervision all the time. They want to be “on their own.” Certain attempts have been made in education to meet these conditions of the human mind, soul and heart, but at the best they constitute but a mi- nute percentage of the entire educa- | tional system. ‘We are still in bondage to the ancient belief that education is rather an im- parting than an acquiring of knowl- ed s-ny & child sits in silent scorn be- fore the little knowledge of the peda- gogue. He realizes that his so-called teacher knows what he knows only by rote, that in reality he is not by nature able to impart anything. He watches the teacher of mathe- maties, for instance, work out a prob- lem on the board, then turn to the class and say, “Now, do you see?” He wags his head, as all the other puplls wag their heads, but down in his heart he knows, as all the others know, that the teacher has explained nothing except his own inability to explain, Suppose Johnny should speak up: ““Teacher, you sure are a four- flusher! You don't undersand how you do it yourself and you try to teach us ignorant bozos when you are almost as ignorant yourself.” Every one who has been through school—as well as life—knows that no sooner had Johnny got that speech out of his system than teacher would have spoken harshly. Teacher’s superior officers, in their imperial turn, would have spoken even more harshly, for the dignity of the profession would have been attacked. Now contrast the grown-up Johnny speaking what he thought at a board meeting in business life. Instead of being “impudent” he would be calli the other's bluff. He would be admiri by the very man he called down. Such, in essence, is one of the funda- mental contrasts of business life and school life, with the advantage all on the side of business. Or, as no doubt we should say, on the side of life. New Wisconsin Is Ridiculed by Ridicule and condemnation have | greeted the proposal of a Wisconsin| legislator that the Commonwealth manufacture liguor on the theory that the Federal prohibition amendment does not apply to State governments. However, the New York Evening World declares mwr-‘:euhed .p.n:hh: ullt‘ln may seem, every ty, unless something like real mlorunm{! on all classes can be speedily through some strained in - tation of the law.” oy “Much time must elapse before any definite result can be expected from this rather drastic proposal,” the Phila. delphia Record explains. “The resolu- tion proposes to amend the State con- stitution in order to establish the State liquor business. No action can be taken on it until after the next Legislature meets, which will be in January, 1931. And ultimately the Supreme Court of the United States would have to pass upon the enactment. So Wisconsin, though sentimentally and actually wet, will have to remain officially dry for quite a while yet.” “Considering the army of restless, wide-awake loophole-seekers,” remarl the Hartford Daily Times, incline to doubt about this new legal finding concerning the alleged meaning of the prohibition amendment. It sounds ver- ily as if the wish, not to say thirst, had been father to the thought. One might disparage this origin of the idea less did it promise something real to those who fondly linger over it. We fear it will turn out to be froth under which there is no beer.” Following the ultimate, the thought that the State differs from the citizen, the Lansing State Journal facetiously observes: “When the State of Wiscon- sin, as a State, proceeds to manufacture intoxicants, the common expectation must be that it will proceed to cor- porate consumption. When the liquor is brewed, or distilled, then the State as a State will have to be its own best customer. With the liquor duly set forth in numerous flavors and in vari- ous degrees of alcoholic content, the State tongue will be to make those mild gestures of gustatory antici- tion. The palate is also regarded as ving some part in anticipatory flour- ishes, and so the State te will have to do the quivering. State gullet and the State stomach will be to manifest delight, vicariously, for all the onl g citizens. Once internally applied, the State-made alcohol, in the State stomach, will produce the duly expected narcotic effect on the nerves controlling ‘the blood flow, and the blood stream, duly released. will rush to the State face and the State head. and the resulting State headache will be perfectly legal.” * % % “This country is a republic,” declares the Trenton Evening Times, “not a con- glomeration of independent States. And, while the rights reserved for State sov- ereign should be scrupulously re- spected, the fact remains that neither &‘beonlln nor any other unit can over- throw or subvert the national will,” “Sentiment of the country favors the prohibition amendment,” the Pueblo Star-Journal insists, “and the wet advo- cates are not bold enough to inaugurate -nyhfllmmu to the abolition of bition. They they would be defeated. In the meantime, they ex- nd their energies on trying to nullify Jaw by repealing State enforcement statutes and in futile movements like that now under way in Wisconsin.” “For Wisconsin's ulul-l: is better to | amendment gives the State no | tunity for evasion. A Legisiature may not nullify. Its authority is restricted to ‘concurrent power to enforce.’” The Buffalo Times looks u})on the incident a other example of the tendency of prohibition to fall more and more into good “The | good schools and Liquor Scheme Dry Advocates decision. Would Wisconsin resist by violence, and, in that case, what?” asks that paper. * ok % % Referring to the discovery by a stu- dent of the law that “Wisconsin has not been & member of the Union since about 1857, when articles of secession, he claims, were adopted by the State,” the Asheville Times includes, “And %o the country mmfl the novel performance of Wi in's proclama- tion to Washington that it is a separate and unfederated ince, but perhaps willing to come k into the feder- ation in consideration of & bounty in the form of beer and wine.” “If Wisconsih should lddgt the sug- gested resolution and should undertake to act upon it,” in the opinion of the Detroit Free . “its conduct would amount to rebellion and would lay it open to Federal discipline and punish- ment. However, the likelihood is that the resolution was drawn up for propa- ganda pu 's rather than to serve as a basis of real action.” Doubt as to favorable action by the State also is expressed by the Des Moines Tribune- Capital, the Bellingham Herald and Petersburg Progress-Index. With a more favorable attitude to- ks | ward the Wisconsin legislator, the San Prancisco Call-Post suggests that “the loophole may be there,” and comments: “Suppose Wisconsin, New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware and some Western States should set up 1 wet areas, how many millions of dollars and how large an army of agents would be required to enforce the law in the rest of the country? And how long would it be before the Vol- stead act would be modified?” ‘The Buffalo Evi News thinks “it ‘would be interesting see Wisconsin, ‘where the spirit of adventure is strong, put the question to & test.” Rio Grande Valley Prospers This Year From the Mouston Chronicle. ‘The whole State of Texas rejoices in the fact that the Rio Grande Valley folks have made money this year. The news that more than $10,000,000 worth of foodstuffs has been shipped away is encouraging to those of us who feel that that particular section of Texas is & garden spot of the universe. And the valley farmers had good prices for their crops, too, except in the case of cabbage. Cabbage was low, but it is & good money crop in a good year. And good {Ull’l come often down there. Citrus fruit brought in handsome re- turns—good prices for most vegetables. The Mexican tomato raisers were out of luck. Revolution interfered with shipments from the west coast of the neighboring republic. What is one man’s polson is another man's meat. The valley cleaned up on tomatoes, and over the line the farmers cursed while the freight cars went through, filled not with ripe red ones, but with Govern- ment troops. ‘They have moved 23,000 cars out of the Rio Grande Valley, with more yet to come. The money will soon start pouring in. Those border farmers can use It is » splendid agricultural section, this part of Texas which lays along the great river of the Mexicans. It is developing fast. The demand for valley grapefruit exceeds the supply. And some energetic souls are planning cxuulwp' vineyards, an industry &‘m 5 fornia. has monopolized in past. They ha roads down there and cities. ‘They have to pay for them, of course. A high type of civilization there. Civic expenses are heavy. This big money coming in will make the farmers feel as though their taxes are light. And a lot of them will hope and pray that they can do as well next year as they did this time. Texas says Amen. . Distance Is Uncertain. Prom the Asheville Times. It is now only about 30 hours b e from New York to Paris, if air- | then Henry VII, his claim to the throne through devious paths. He was the son of Edmund Tudor and Mar- garet Beaufort; through his mother he was descended from those Beauforts ‘who were the children of John of Gaunt and his mistress, Catherine Swynford, legitimatized by Parliament; on his father's side he was descended from Owen Tudor, who married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of France. Be- cause he was rather doubtful of the validity of his claim to be of the royal line, Henry VII gained suthorization of his kingship from both Parliament and the Pope. His real claim was the right of conquest. So the Tudors were from the beginning in a sense upstarts. This fact helps an understanding of the policies and of many of what seem isolated acts of the reigns of both Henry VII and Henry VIII and even of Eliza- beth. Both Henry VII and Henry VIII |, were very anxious to found a continuing royal line; they were dynasts. The new “Henry the Eighth,” by Hackett, makes plain this cen- tral motive mn the life of the most spectacular of the Tudors and the one on English history. * X % % All the European intrigues snd al- liances of Henry VIII were for the purpose of placing England, emerging as a wealthy nation, in a pesition of leadership in Europe and for the sggrandizement of the House of Tudor. This devotion to dynasty came to him by inheritance from his father, for of Henry VII Mr. Hackett says: “Into the close fabric of his mind the one idea that rooted firmly was his family’s fortune. England he dragged after him, like a handcart.” Henry VIIIL, & boy of 18 when he came to the throne, decided immediately on alliance with Spain and lost no time in marry- ing Catherine of Aragon, his older brother's widow, who had been a neg- lected dweller at the English court for eight years. She was the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and soon an alliance with Ferdinand and Maximilian of Austria against Louis XII of France was formed. Henry went off to France for the war, but soon his allies, both “old stagers,” left him in the lurch. They made a secret truce with Louis without consulting Henry. With little logic and less kindliness, Henry vented his wrath on Catherine. “From the first, seeing Henry's amiable indolence, she had treated him as Ferdinand's own.” That was not tact- ful of her, for Henry was vain. Three years later both Ferdinand of Spain and Louis XII were dead and had been succeeded by Charles V and Francis I. In 1519, on the death of Maximilian, e e B . Henry and Francis of France had both been candidates for the of- fice. Immediately the question of su- premacy in Italy, as between France | and Spain, must be settled and both the rivals wished the aid of Henry. Francis I entertained Henry at one of the most brilliant events of his life, the Field of the Cloth of Gold. In de- scribing this meeting between the two sovereigns, each striving to checkmate the other, Mr. Hackett is at his best in vividness of style. “The Field of the Cloth of Gold was nominally a festival which included every kind of knightly tournament and kingly courtesy and civility, but in effect it was a religio- political circus. * * * It never occurred to the thousands and thousands of ex- cited spectators that this gorgeous show was the prelude of a European war which would last 38 years and cost half a million men. * ¢ * All they took in was the inf ingle and rustle of Henry’s arrival with 4,000 in his retinue, Catherine with 1200 in her retinue, and Cardinal Wolsey with his stalwart archers and his graceful ushers, 50 solemn glants carrying gold maces with knobs as big as a man’s head. and a scarlet bearer carrying a crucifix with precious stones. Hardly less interesting to the community would be the bleating sheep, 2,200 of them, the 800 Spring calves, the 340 beeves, (and wine in such profusion that the antique fountain could sprout claret and hippocras for a month. If the world in general had no part in this respiendence, they enjoyed it from afar, they caroused and sprawled and frolicked and danced while Francis and I!-lre:r:‘ met elchdotl:el’, to;)k each oth- leasure and strove for ition.” But with all his intrigues, Henry never succeeded in making Cardinal Pope. He tried several times, and not from entirely altruistic motives. Mr. Hackett says that Henry's intense de- 8i72 to see his favorite exalted to the papacy was because he expected Wol- ;};c:o ::lflll :ll!llbupromlle to use the y to “con y' L A te to your majesty's * ok ok Henry VIII is known as the Blue- beard of English history. He is noto- rious for his six wives, of whom he executed two—Anne Boleyn and Cath- arine Howard—and divorced two—Cath- erine of Aragon and Anne of Cleves. Jane Seymour died a natural death and Katharine Parr was clever enough to outlive him. Mr. Hackett shows that, though Henry was undoubtedly a sen- sualist of many amours, his numerous marriages were the result of policy as well as of caprice. His first marriage, to Catherine of , his brother's widow, was dictated by the policy of alliance with Spain and lasted for over 20 years. His marriage with Anne Boleyn was due partly to infatuation and the fact that Anne bargained for a legitimate position, but partly also to his desire for a male heir to continue his dynasty. He and Catherine had had a number of children, but only one, the Princess lnri.mlturwud Queen Mary of England, survived to ma- turity. Anne Boelyn became the moth- er of the future Queen Elizabeth, but had no son, so the need for an heir remained after her execution. Jane Seymour was the mother of the future Edward VI, to whom Henry, on his death, left the crown by will, but Jane died when her child was only 9 days old. Mourning over his wife, but re- Joleing over his son, Henry “now drew up the most nrln’ent rules for safe- ,u-rdmx Edward from what he most leared and detested—the danger of poison.” Before Jane was buried Henry and his chlef adviser, Thomas Cromwell, Were actively discussing a new bride. had no qualms as a recent widow- er. He was technically free. He had no laison. He could choose on political grounds and for political reasons. It was chess, in which he needed a Queen. He particularly consulted Crom- well, the European board on his knees.” ‘The result of Cromwell's advice was & marriage with Anne of Cleves, sister of the Duke of Cleves, “a potential nui- sance” in the disputed border states be- tween France and Germany. Henry had never seen her when she arrived in England for marriage and her pic- ture had flattered her. At the Arst meeting “a discontentment and dislik- ing of her person” overcame him and he did his t to wriggle out of th: marriage, but feared to drive her brother into alliance with the Emperor and the King of France. mm B\'xt'“h";lm’.mumm soon Henry's - faction with his new Queen showed liself in attentions to 18-year-old Catharine Howard, who was repelled by the King's age and corpulency, but at- tracted by the of a crown. Germany was proving no asset as an ally, 30 & divorce from Anne of Cleves was arranged by mutual consent and Anne accepted with alacrity a hand- some pension and decided to remain in England, living on one of two extensive estates given her by Henry. She was “to be known in future as the King's sister, having precedence over all ladies in England, after the Queen and the King's children.” Catharine Howard her entrance uj the royal 3 mml}m:omm-ug. Oa l'urm:!l “;:; e ‘Though she been like her cousin, Anne ANSWERS TO' QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. What do you need to know? Is there some point about your business or personal life that puzzles you? something you want to know without delay? Submit your question to Fred- eric J. Haskin, director of our Wash- ington Information Bureau. He is em- employed to help you. Address your in- uiry to The Evening Star Information ureau, Prederic J. Haskin, director, ‘Washington, D. C., and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. What part of the movie audience | of rt,nd;y is composed of children?— G. A. 'In one survey conducted in New York City which included mainly small neighborhood houses, the percentage of children was 5.2 of the total attendance. Q. Is the girl'who won the interna- tional beauty contest at Galveston 2 Jewess?—A. H. W. A. Miss Lisl Goldarbeiter, the Aus- trian beauty who was crowned Miss Q. Who is responsible for the maxim, “The customer is always right”>—M. C. A. To Marshall Pield, the great Chi- cago merchant, is attributed this maxim. How has the proper size for a Q. |swimming pool been determined?— Who had the most revolutionary effect e A. The size of pool uired for a given community or neighborhood is determined by the estimated number of users and the amount of pool space re- sing the pool, and 10 square feet for each non-swimmer. Twelve persons a 10-foot radius of each diving board or platform. It was assumed in arriving at these figures that all of the swim- the water at one time. Q. How many beet sugar factories are there in the United States?—M. M. A. There are 102 beet sugar factories. located in 17 States, some of them the largest and finest in the world. Farmers are paid from $40,000,000 to $60,000,000 yearly for the beet crop. Q. Can women go to aviation schools? Are wommn able to earn money in avia- tion?—R. R. A. Women may be taught aviation in What & day was vesterday—a day for memories and reflection, & day for significant action in Germany, a day for contemplation in the hos] the United States and throug! world, Take the items in reverse— take the United States Veterans' Bu- reau hospitals and count the veterans confined therein with the aftermath of the war, whose closing peace was signed 10 years ago yesterday—the Versailles treaty. The peak of the load of patients has not yet been reached—10 years after. The “veterans are still breaking down into insanity and mental collapse—10 years after. A year ago (May 31) there itals, year, . tphe cases not mental, but covering all other troubles, numbered 13,047; this year, 14441. Total now, 28241—the highest number since the war ended. It will be several years yet before we reach the climax in the hospitals, and die or get enoug! hospitals to struggle along at home. Some—not many in proportion—have lived all these 10 years in hospitals and see no hope of ever leaving but to their last resting place. “Lest we for- get, lest we forget!” ER Yesterday, also, was the anniversary of the ki g of the Austrian grand duke and his wife, in Serajevo, Serbia, by a of patriots of that little country which Austria- Hungary had undertaken to annex. Those shots were “heard 'round the world” and from them began the World War. No, that was true only super- ficiaily, it was Germany’s pretense for insist! that Austria-Hungary make impossible demands upon Serbia, as an entering wedge into war. And now all Germany is denying that Germany started the war, but Ger- many’s leading journalist, Maximilian Harden, in his review, Zukunft, of No- vember, 1914, frankly declared: “This war has not been forced on us by surprise; we have desired it. It was our bounden guty to desire it. Germany wages war because of her humble con- viction that greater world expansjon and freer outlets are due to her by right of her own works.” * ok x For a quarter of a century, by order of Kaiser Wilhelm II, a systematic propa- gands had been carried on throughout the empire, looking to expansion through war. “Deutschland ueber alles!"” It was supported by tbe people, led by the most influential, but it was initiated and stimulated by the Kaiser. It was not dependent solely upon the power of German arms, but without scruple, it was plotted to include the 300,000,000 Moslems, three years after the atrocious and horrifying mas- sacre of the Armenians (1895) by the Turks, Kaiser Wilhelm, at Damascus, pu.h'gfdly declared to the Sultan Abdul- 1 2 “May his majesty the Sultan, as well as the 300,000,000 of Mussulmans who venerate him as their a, be as- sured that the German Emperor is their friend forever.” of war into Turkey and German officers to train her forces, and the earliest event of the World War was German propaganda throughout Moslem lands intended to arouse the Mussulmans : ‘.‘::ely war"—a massacre of all Chris- s. Yesterday, 15 years after the crisis of the beginning of “the Kaiser’s war” and 10 years after the Versailles treaty was signed, the German Republic invited that Kaiser Wilhelm II to return to So the wed- | he Germany. From the Holland “Eibe” the modern “Napoleon™ is to come back. * ok oo Does any one imagine that the Kaiser can sneak back into that country in- cognito—thathis coming will not arouse & nation-wide demonstration which will overthrow the republic and lace him on the throne, or bring such turmoil that blood will flow? And then, when the reactionaries are again in the sad- dle, what of the Dawes or the Young plans for collecting reparations? * X o ox “The Kaiser's war?"” In September, 1914—a month after the war had begun—Dr. Bernard Dern- burg, late colonial secretary of the Ger- man Empire, arrived in New York City the French, she had contrived without them to travel rather fast at home,” and after her marriage she continued er indiscretions. rine Parr, court, twice a widow. began to develop con- science over the need of a mother for his three children. Katharine was motherly. They were married in 1543 | and Henry died in 1547. On Henry's | death she married Sir Thomas Seymour, whom she had loved for many years. | Katharine opposed persecution for re- ligion and once made the aimost fatal mistake of with Henry on | points of religion. He became furious | and signed an indictment against her, | which would have sent her to the/ 'l"&mr. but ueon'n.cllhuon enf:ed uexg she escaped. never a with him. When he dlzd“n-fhrr't:ur was a lady of the ‘Henry, old at 50, represent the maximum number which | should be permitted in the erea within | mers and bathers are not actually in| ‘Thereupon Germany sent munitions | | practically any civilian flying school. Up to the present time there are very few women who have atempted to earn a living as pilots. Lady Heath is now working for an aviation company. The Stimson girls have both carried air mail, and Eleanor Smith has been flying for an airplane company on Long Island. Amelia Earbart conducts the aviation department of a magazine. Q. How much water is lost through evaperation from reservoirs: on ‘the Government's reclamation projects? A %ere is a loss of approximately 1,000,000 acre-feet of water yearly from evaporation. Q. Please describe the climate along the Mediterranean—K. Y. A. The climate of the Mediterranean region is warm, almost tropical. The mean temperature for the year is 57.5° F. The Winters are mild, but the Sum- mers are hot and almost rainless. The t of the Summer, however, is tem- pered in many localities by the sea breeges. It has been said that the climate of the Mediterranean resembles most clossly that of Southern Cali- fornia. Q. When was music first written? | —S. A. J. A. The earliest attempt at notation in music was probably made by the Hindus and Chinese at a very early . Notation was also.known to the Greeks. The modern system was de- vised by the Italian Guido of Arezzo. Q. What do the initials I. B. S. | stand_for>—J. D. A. They stand ~for International Bible Students. Q. When kerosene is poured on the top of stagnant water in a pond, how does it kill the wiggletalls under the surface?—L. H. A. The air supply is cut off. ‘This eventually kills the insects in the water. Q. What is the longest railroad ride that can be taken across the State of Texas?—R. 8. B. A. The longest distance by direct railroad route between the two farthest separated ts in Texas is on the Southern cific between Orange on the Texas-Louisiana line and El Paso on the Texas-Arizona line, a distance of 537 miles. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. to found a weekly. cal, the Fatherlan 0 weeks_ after his arrival he published an article de- scribing the make-up of the Reichstag of 397 members, and he announced: “The Conservatives, the so-callcd “War party, from which most of the officers. are being recruited, is i a hopeless minority, about 55. There are 110 Social Democrats and 100 Liberals, jority in the German Reichstag. withstanding this composition, Reichstag _has voted unanimously necessary laws and credits for conduct- ing the present war, and although th- Social Democrats reject war on princi- ple in their program, they have in- dorsed unanimously the policy of the empire, as set out by the Emperor’ chancellor. “I say this to prove that this war not ‘a Kaiser's war,’ because he cax- not make a war.” * kX % ‘The above statement is confirmed b the authors of an elaborate study, “Re publican Germany,” by Hugh Quigle: and R. T. Clark, published recently, i which is stated: “On_August 4, 1914, the imperial re-*™ gime in Germany reached its zenithi For the first time since the foundation of the empire, the whole nation, an in- sl{;fl.flmnc fraction excepted, stooc solidly behind the imperial governmenc and the Emperor, and when the latter with his usual and not always unfor- tunate sense of the dramatic, ‘T know no more parties’ fairly accurately the sense of unity with whicn the German nation confronted the Yerfl its statesmen had brought upon t. On August 4 the German democ- racy in the Reichstag virtually abdi- cated its function: the sole protester, Karl Liebknecht, did not make his pro- test vocal. The completeness of the | abdication may be explained as the chivalrous surrender to patriotism, but | it also gives the measure of the democ- racy’s weakness.” It is inferred from the above ap- | praisal of German democracy (written at least a vear before yesterday's toy- ing with the invitation to the Kaiser to. return) that the present surrender of democracy to the glamour of royalty is in keeping with that suricnder in 1914. The Kaiser has been scapegoat long enough; he is no more guilty than his supporters, who call themselves - “Democrats,” and who yesterday pro- tested against the “world ostracism" under which they rankle. SN So yesterday's great military demon- stration in Berlin, lo register “mourn- ing” of the German nation—not re- pentance, but chagrin over ignominious defeat and the “world ostracism” so bitterly earned, and the severity of the Versailles treaty and of the burdem of reparations which they will seek to re- pudiate as soon as pressure is relieved— will be taken for what it is worth in its cant and deflance. ‘The h of Bethmann-Hollweg, the imperial chancellor, on August 4, 1914, shows why Germany to this day suffers under “world ostracism,” for it openly advocated breaking treaties at will whenever it was to Germany's advan- tage to do so. Speaking of the outrage on Belgium by the invasion, he justified it in this language: “The wrong—I speak openly—that we are committing. we will endeavor to make good as soon as our military goal has been reached. Anybody who is threatened, as we are threatened, and |1s fighting for his highest possessions can have only one thought—how he is to hack his way through (wie er sich durchhaut).” ‘Thon "ord.l lca: hl:nflme last vestige of respect from the civilized worle - l:lu!ghl:hAmel'ch oy e “mourning” repentance for confessed perfidy, or a prelude for a reunion with the Kaiser and renewal of tactics? The call for the demonstration was signed even by President Von Hindenburg end his cabinet, who, however, found it policy not to be present personally at the demonstration they helped to engineer. ‘Thus Hindenburg rides two horses at once—he straddies from support of the “mourning” to diplomatic absenteeism (mmrdme m‘:muers' belrxl;h. but is on record as protesting against the accusa- tion that Germany plotted and started the war. And, officially, the Prussian state forbade participation of any offi- clals in the “mourning” demonstration, but invited the populace to make the gesture. 3 At fl;&;lm;fl?me. I!hew:lonmhi.st rgan, Kreuz Zeitung, in today's issue, leads in attacking not only the ‘;!lllfllfi treaty, ‘but also the Young reparation agreement. * ok ok % What pathos and what ificance lie in the poem of Alfred ;.;'E‘el. pub- e Pact!” lished Jess than a year a ‘The first and last verses: They have no pact to sign—our peace- t\? dead. ¥ Pacts are for trembling hands and ds grown gray. ‘Ten million graves record what youth hath said, 4 And cannot now un-say. anda periodi- 'I‘heyd:::dve no pact to sign—our happy But, O God. if We should sign in vain, Leln of mlrfll&, she must have felt it -her risky ‘life m‘fi*&n-{ebfch& 5 s With D:.MM eyes, out of each narrow (Copyrisht, 1020, by Paul V. Colinsd L