Evening Star Newspaper, May 21, 1929, Page 8

8 AN AR THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, MAY 21, THE EVENING STAR | the 1and is to take into consideration | mother of all living things thrown ___ With Sunday Morning Edition. _ WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY. May 21, 1929 THEODORE W. NOYELS. . The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office h 8t and Pennsrivania Ave. York Office: 110 Fast 42nd St. o Office Lake Micigan Bulldine. uropean Office 14 Retent St.. London, Engiand .. Editor Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenine Siar 452 per month The Evening and Siinday Star (when 4 Fundsvs) . .. The Evening and Sundas ®tar (when § Sundays.. The Sundas Star Collec'ic made at ihe and af cach menth Orders may be sent in by mall or teiepaone Main 5000 60c per month 65c per month 5¢ per conv Rate hv Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dt and Sunday.. .1 s7..$10.00: 1 mo. Dallv onlv D1 ¥l 88000 1 mo. f0c Sunday only 151, $400; 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. Dafly and Sunday..1 yr.$12.00. 1 mo. Datly onix 1 00 1 mo . Bunday only 1 mo. Member of t B Credited (0 it or nat otherice ¢ 2410 {hix paper and alto fhe lacal mem: 1hed hersin All Tichts af bl Epecial dispatches b ———— The President’s Commission. Mr. Hoover has at length carried out his inaugural address pledge to appoint 8 bedy of representative American citi- zens to survey comprehensively and objectively the vast domain of law en- forcement. It is to be known as the National Law Enforcement Commission, consists of ten men and one woman and is assigned the grave task of ex- ploring in 2!l its far-flung ramifications the subject which the President, in New York, on April 22, elevated to the level of the Nation’s “dominant issue.” The bi-partisan parsonnel of the com- mission 1s bound to command respect and inspire confidence. Naturally, law- | yers and furists predominate in it. | Educators, as naturally, are liberally | represented. The one “layman” in the | group is Frank J. Loesch, veteran vice crusader and head of the Chicago Crime | Commission. Al sections of the coun- try find representation. In George W. Wickersham of New York, former At- torney General of the United States and now president of the American Law | Institute, the commission has a chair- | man who will direct its energles with vigor and vision. There could have been no happier so- lution of the problem of giving Demo- crats an eminent voice in the commis- | sion’s deliberations than to include in | its make-up Newton D. Baker of Ohio, | President Wilson's accomplished Secre- | tary of War. Womankind will approve | the selection of Ada L. Comstock, presi- dent of Radcliffe College, as the repre- sentative of the sex with so deep an interest in the issues with which the National Law Enforcement Commission will soon be grappling. It is known that President Hoover moved cautiously and studiously in the composition of the group. He was con- strained to assemble citizens of open- | mindedness. He realized that any law | enforcement commission packed with bias, fanaticism or prejudice in any form would defeat -the purpose for which it was created. The country will not be far wrong in deducing that this governing motive on Mr. Hoover's part explains the large number of judicial- ly minded men whom he chose. The people of the Union should be clear from”the outset that no specific inquiry into prohibition, or its attend- ant benefits and evils; is here intended. The President. has stressed that point on repeated occasions. Lawlessness in the United States is- undoubtedly spawned to an alarming extent by dis- respect for, and violation of, the liquor laws. But crime springs from a host of other sources. Unquestionably, for in- stance, it is encouraged by the delays znd the complications of the law, and consequent facilities for flaunting it. Such questions are certain to bulk big in the commission’s activities. Its work deserves the whole-hearted and unflagging sympathy and support of citizens everywhere. e Y Poison gases are being studied in laboratories in spite of the fact that what may be sufficient for needs of individual suicide may be manufactured in a man’'s own garage. e The O'Fallon Decision. ian ot ved. | - | valuation, which in | erally. | prevent the sale of property by private i vide the news of the community and | and duly weigh all of the factors, such factors including reproduction at cost as well as prudent investment, Senator Blaine's minority report on | the merger resolution laid emphasis ! upon the prudent investment plan of e O'Fallon case was an important fss But Senator | Blaine’s proposed amendments were | more far-reaching than the mere stipu- ‘lxlinn of the prudent investment the- ory as a guiding principle. The Scna- tor called attention to the incongruous situation regarding valuation of local utilities, by which the courts, and not | ! the commission, are made the judges | as to the doubtful clements of value to be considered in arriving at true value. | | If the Public Utilities Commission s ! uncertain as to these elements, it is | authorized to remove that uncertainty by appead to the vourts. | “scnatcr Biaine argued that the power to regulite comes through Congress that the Public Utilities Commission is | ¢ | 1o agent of Congress, and that the | the pathetic symbolism of resurrection | commission is better equipped to carry | |on its regulatory administrative func- tions than are the courts. The purpose | of his amendment was to clarify the| | method of valuing utilities and to make | the Public Utilitics Commission inde- | pendent of the courts in deciding upon the elements to be weighed in arriving at valuation. The legality of any for- for valuation would, of course in controversial cases, with the courts. There is much to be said in favor of Senator Blaine's clarifying amend- ments regarding the authority of the Public Utilities Commission in its v ation work. The decision of the Su- preme Court in the O'Fallon case has done little, 1f anything, to alter their mula | rest, standing. Essential Independence. Senator Norris of Nebraska, ™ an attack upon the purchase and control of newspapers by the so-called “power trust,” has suggested that newspapers o owned or controlled be denied low postal rates accorded the press gen- What Senator Norris is seek- ing is a method to prevent the acquisi- | tion of newspapers by the power in- terests. In the United States it is difficult to individuals or private corporations to any bidder. Nor Is there any law which would prevent the publication of & newspaper by any corporation, pro vided the newspapers respected the laws of the land. The public, however, is | entitled to the knowledge of the own- | ership of the publications which pro- of the world. It has been recognized for generations that the press performs a public service and a public duty. To conceal from the readers of newspapers the interests that lie behind the owner- ship of the newspapers is a violation of the best interests of the people. The publication of newspapers for the dissemination of mews is a great | business in itself. There is no good reason, from the mere standpoint of business, why the newspaper business should be allied with or eontrolled by any other business—water power, pub- ! lic utility or another. There are many reasons why it should not. The so- called power trust is at liberty, it it wizhes, to engage in the publication of newspapers. But If it does so, the newspapers should be known as the papers of the power trust. Judging from the public reaction to the recent revelations of the endeavors of the power trust to purchase newspapers in many parts of the country, such own- ership, if known, is not likely to en- hance the interest either of the power trust or the newspapers which the power tryst acquires. Whether Senator Norris' proposal that there should be discrimination in | the matter of postal rates against | newspapers controlled and financed by | the power trust would be legal or not is somewhat beside the issue. Senator Norris takes the position that a news- paper owned or controlled by & public utdlity corporation would be operated as an organ of that corporation and for | propaganda purposes among the people. | On that theory he proposes to make it | more difficult for public utilities to publish or control the news columns. | As a matter of fact, when the owner- ship or the control of a newspaper by In the popular mind, at least,'the St. Louis and O'Fallon Railway case had resolved itself into the question of whether the so-called ‘“reproduction new” or the “prudent investment” the- ory should predominate in the Inter- state Commerce Commission’s valuation of the rallroads under the transporta- tion act of 1920. As the commission seems to have neglected, at least in the O'Fallon case, the “reproduction new" or “reproduction now" theory in favor of the “prudent jnvestment” principle, the court’s dec!sion against the com- mission has led to predictions that the present rate and recapture structures | are overturned. and the Interstate Com- merce Commission's valuations of the rallroads must be, to a great extent, be- gun over again and revised upward. ! an outside interest, such as the power | | trust so-called, is known to the public | | and is kept in the public eye, the | 1asamm that might arise from propa- | | ganda conducted by the corporation | through the news columns is minimized | if not wiped out entirely. | The independence of the press is as | essential as the perpetuation of the | | freedom of speech. It is inconceivable | that the American press should ever be- | come a mere adjunct of another busi- ness. no matter how powerful or how | far-reaching that business might be. B Kansas has progressed in affairs and | may succeed in asseriing something | more valuable than its old-time mo- nopoly on tornadoes. S | fact. that the phrase “Safety firs ! that imperils human life. | political life a grand, sweet song. | Luck swiftly bade my catch reveal. through an abyss in ‘the heavens to the waters which covered the face of the earth There is, of course, little felicity of | expression in translation. It would re- { quire a man of genius equal to that of | the original authors to carry this from | one language into another—especially | where the very thought form differs so markedly as between the Indian and Caucasian tongues. The work in trans lation depends for its effect entirely on the sublimity of its conception. The reader finds himself in an utterly strange world where everything is mixed up—human and animal forms changing without warning and the human image existing before the Gods who created | the human image. The aboriginals may have had a glimmering of Einstein. The | epic cannot be mastered without | { thought. Doubtless it appeared simple | | enough to the Indians, but the white | man looks upon nature with a different sort of brain. But all can appreciate | in the plants growing from the grave mound of the God and Messiah at the end of the path which he had told his ! people they all must follow through the | forests of life, ‘The recovery and preservation of a | great native epic is likely to prove an | event of no small importance in the | world of letters. It is not impossible | that critics of a distant future will look | upon this Iroquois Genesis as one of | the great works of creative genius. — oS New York theat relating to Sunday perform nove contradicts the depressing theo hat whenever a theater can stay dark it is saving money. ances. Beautiful mirages are revealed to Comdr. Byrd and his men. Remarkable | seenery is pretty sure to be estimated | as the least important of their hard- | won discoveries, ———— Americans who go sbroad sneer at American prohibition laws, thereby raising a reasonable question as to why they did not remain abroad. i s A reckless air pilot who crashes affords another reminder of the strange " has | lost its meaning for the average person. | s In a few more weeks the canoe will be operating in competition with motor- | ing and aviation for the reckless thrili certain | idea | { preiey Many persons confess that elements of Germany's financial are as hard to understand as Einstein theory itself. e O Having succeeded as a popular com- | poser, Mayor Jimmy Walker is genially | encouraged in the hope of making his | Faulty stadium arrangements may cause two stampedes to A ball park where Babe Ruth plays—one to get in and one to get out. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. My Fishing Trip. A little fishing trip I made. I could not reach the wildwood shade. Although I had no rod and line, I feel that the results were fine, That fishing place my heart must bless. It showed the sign, “Delicatesse.” And there I had not long to wait, As I brought forth my silver bait. Salt Mackerel and a Pickled Eel, It was a deep delight to grab A Cod Fish Cake—a Deviled Crab— With pleasure more intense by far, Brought by Sardines and Caviare. I took—of time there was no waste— Shrimp, Salmon and Anchovy Paste; And soon I found my fondest wish Rewarded by Gefilte Fish. My day brought forth these things and more; I did not trudge a treacherous shore, Where various pitfalls might beset, To make me get my plusfours wet. So, I grow boastful, I confess; My fishing day was a success! Explanation, e “Have you explained debentures to your farming constituency?” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum, regretfully. “And I don't believe some of the folks have any more idea of how the proposition would work out than I have.” Jud Tunkins says all the mental im- provement some people appear to get from a trip abroad is a little brevity of expression that makes them call an ele- vator a “lift.” Shivering May Queen. Queen of the May, smiling so gay, Our spirits you enthuse; Although today you stroll this way In furs and overshoes. Ceremoni: Joys. “Were you presented at court?” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Did the occasion make your family happy?” | without offense, THIS AN D THAT Every one has a few pet ungrame matical constructions Lives there a.man_with soul so dead who never to himself has said “Ain't you?” Absolute purity of speech is an ideal, something which one may well doubt would be good if it could be attained. Not that one would say things against correctness of speech One cannot, of course. who keeps well in mind the genius of the English lan- guage Purity of sperch is to be sought, but not often found, in the absolute. Even those who pride themselves vpon their diction. being careful to accent every syllable just so, now and then fall into error. He whose horror of the split infini- tive is great will lapse occasionally from the stralght and narrow path which he has cut out for himself through the conversational world. ® ox ok % Mostly these lapses are made in con- versation. Even the most ungrammatical person will get the thing right when writing, in the vast majority of instances: for there is a wide gap between talking and writing Spoken words vanish when uttered but itten words linger on. They are there before one on paper, in ink or pencil. typewriter or type Even the most careless person will refrain from using “ain’t” when writ- ing, whereas he may use it easfly| enough as a colloquialism. As such it springs to the tongue before one thinks less he is perpetually thinking 2bout such matters—and others hear it unless they are think- ing of just such things at the time. We hazard the belief that there is scarcely a man anywhere, no matter how well educated or how precise in the use of words he aims to be. who does not at some time or other fall into something ungrammatical Happy is he if he knows that it doesn't make much difference, after all. The real genius of the English language is loose. both in construction and tent. It is as far removed from precise quality of Latin as a tongue could be. The French language. with its verb| inflections and different adjectives and other particular forms, hearkens back to the Latin. Our English, however, at times almost seems to be a sort of linguistic revolt against the more formal languages. To some it seems an infinitely more sensible language, with its words follow- ing one another in logical sequence. “Pussy cat, pussy cat, where have you | wasted give the doer credit for knowing that | take here and there. What he is try- ing to do is to say something, and if he gets his meaning over he is satisfied. It is unpleasant, of course, to have | some grammar-minded person call his attention to an error, but he knows that the unpleasantness lies with the other, not with him. | He could “catch the other up” if he waited like a cat at a mouse hole for a small slip to come forth. Every one makes ‘em! Some people are partial to “ain’t.” which, by the way, has a good descent; in fact, once was & correct form. Others specialize in declaring me.” some say “She don't care,” others misuse “him” and “her.” To set such persons down as vul- garians is to make a mistake. Often enough heredity is to blame, or a sec- and tion of the country where certain errors | are looked upon lightly. Some persons often perpetrate gram- | matical errors at first in fun, 1ntil they become second nature with them. No doubt they are wrong cdly they have many to remind them of their mistakes. * x k *x grammar in too large doses is thing entirely. Our_brief is Poor another held simply for the occasional mistake ! | fiber as to increase greatly the tax im- or the pet mistake. Over such there are no tears to be The sensible attitude is to he is wrong. Thus you save yourself the frouble of attempting to set him righi Correcting the grammatical mistakes of others is a favorite indoor sport with some people, alas! We think they are guided. If one must do it, the most tactful way is to take occasion shortly to say the same thing over again and it correctly. Even this ought not to be done too pointedly, for courtesy is above good and evil grammar, or ought to be, at any rate. The trouble with calling attention to other people’s small errors is that it sets them to looking for them in one's speech. son sooner or later will slip up. know a man who has a card index of | | is_judicious preservation of the forests mistakes made by one of his fellows, and is waiting for the next inimical remark to “spring” the list on him. This man is going to get the surprise | He has been | of his life, poor fellow! going around correcting others for slight mistakes when all the time he had a few pet ones of his own, but no one thought enough of the matter to remind him of them. After all, will the world come to an end because some one picks up a tele- phone and says “Yes, it's me’ Even the most punctilious per- | we | { which is by no means remote.” en?” “I've been to London to sec the Queen.” In millions of American homes when some member of the family enters the | house and a voice from upstairs calls Cat, where have you been? He re- | - s o et i plies: “I (who) have becn (where) to }thmx. pAvETRC D e nTE [.r;\ns‘lon (to_do what) to see (Who or| We submit that such an answer is what) the Queen. g not only not ungrammatical in the best Nothing could be more sensible or | sense, but is coming to be good Eng- more direct. In Latin, French, Ger-|lish through usage. “Aint” and man, almost any other fongue, some of | “won't” are getting to be all right the words which we put first would be | et it . last, and the last first. e ‘The sensible speaker of English is not 50 much concerned with how he says a thing as with what he has to say. While an educated man would rather speak grammatically if he can, he is never worried much if he makes a mis. to be used by. Some say, for instance, that no sentence should be ended with A preposition, but it can be done very neatly. It was a favorite construction with Woodrow Wilson, who was big enough to concentrate on the thought rather than on the form Precedence Argument Révived' By Mrs. Longworth’s Challenge Just as everybody was assuming that, With a tribute to the “brains and the social status of Mrs. Gann had been | courage and poise” of Mrs. Longworth, settled, another country-wide debate was | the Charleston Evening Post contends started by the challenge of Mrs, Alice that “there is going to be some actual Longworth. As wife of the Speaker of | fighting, and it is going to be worth the House, Theodore Robsevelt’s daugh- | observing and reporting.” The Norfolk ter declines to be seated at official | Ledger-Dispatch points out that while functions below the official hostess (f|the foreign diplomats “stretch a point,” the Vice President. |in the present instance “Mrs. Gann “It has produced a vastly unsettling finds herselt confronted with an Ameri- effect,” says the Manchester Union, can opponent who cares very little for adding that “whatover else the country official society and does not need offi- at large may think about it, an issue of | cial edicts to secure her rightful place, the sort, from the point of view of leven if she were not the wife of the Washington, can be freighted with po- | presiding officer of one branch of Con- litical as well as social dynamite.” The gress.” Union advises that “perhaps the out siders can do no better than sit bacl and wait to see what happens next.” The Ogden Standard-Examiner * oK X ok “All of us feel,” states the Baltimore Sun, “that if, as a girl, Alice did not feels | slide down the banisters into & roomful | that “farm relief, tariff, reparations and | of diplomats it w: v s }law enforcement’ pale to insignificance” | hadn't thought ot x:’.lem} e enet Her renewal of in comparison with the battle that may | the supposedly suppresse s develop, pointing out that “Mrs. Long- | with Mrs. Gann hagpberndm}}::;ml:;k: worth comes from a family of fighters, | demonstration of her never-failing joy and the long bow is the familiar weapon | in combat, particularly when the com- of the Curtis family | bat had to do with the solemnitles and It should prove a warm Spring and | dignities of Washington society. It now Summer in social Washington,” observes | appears that the Nation owes her an the New York Times. “Individual prob- |additional debt of gratitude. By declin- lems re many there, but none so diffi- | ing to sit below Mrs. Gann at Washing- cult as that which besets Kansas. For|{on dinners Mrs. Longworth has not there ‘Dolly’ Curtis was born, there merely demonstrated a spontancous Charlie’ Curtis came to honor, but|preoccupation with mischief as such: there also Theodore Roosevelt swung | she has inspired in her debonair hus- his sombrero and proclaimed the new band, the Speaker of the House of Rep- nationalism while thousands cheered.” | resentatives, a deep and noble appre- The Charleston Daily Mail thinks that | ciation of his office.” = “maybe, after all, the Government will| The Portland (Oreg.) Journal, be- survive' the social war,” and believes | lieving that “it couldn’t be expected that “it probably will, unless foreign |that a daughter of Theodore Roosevelt complications result, the danger of would agree with diplomats or be diplo- matic,” adds the opinion that “seekers for national office may realize that the “We wait on Mr. Hoover,” declares| eIy vote which elevates them to pofit- the Canton Daily News. “President|iCal position elects their women to * K ok ok Thomas Jefferson in a similar pickle | S0cial position.” The South Bend Trib- laid down the law of pell-mell. His Une. forecasting success for Mrs. Long- guests took whatsoever places they got| WOrth, vet advises that “the affair takes to first. In the present state of passion | On all the aspects of a gathering of little at Washington this would lead to hair Birls playing house under an apple tree.” pulling. 1t wouldn't do. We renew our | i suggestion to President Hoover that he . o make himsel¢ a Solomon and end this| Brains Against Looks row by laying down the good old demo- " y cratic rule of draw straws.” For Success Argued In more serious vein the Springfield = Republican states that “if the feeling F'om the Roanoke Times. of the country -l‘lnxgr l\as{mlw bearing| "It now is well known"—or at least on the matier it can safely be put| the Baltimore Ev ; td down upon the side of the Vice Presi- | iy yo o o A dent. As for the question of the social | young men who keep their shoes status of the hostess of his establish- [Shined and their clothes pressed are ment, whether she is his wife or, in the | the young men who become executives event of his being & widower, his sister, | of companies in quite & short time. it will strike the public, if the affair| This, of course, is a very pleasant must be threshed out, that the Vice | thought for young men who keep their President is entitled to a ‘representative | shoes shined and their clothes pressed.” of his own choosing.’” The Jackson | It's great news also, we should think, | be ‘understood that grammar | is an instrument—one to be used, not | | | | | | | FORESTRY ALMANAC. | grew. | was stamped by a wasteful destruction thus to | sport with the language. and undpubt- | | and imperative. | neighbors, | fect the organization for carrying them | ter single thing in the way of education NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM L G. M 1929 Edition. Compiled and edited by the Ameri- can Tree Association, Washington, D.C. If, 300 years ago, one could have flown across the United States as he can today, and does, he would have seen spread out beneath him vast re- gions of impenetrable forest in place of | the cities and towns and hamlets ll\di open fields that now beckon him so | companionably from the solid surizce below. A hundred years later he wonld | have seen cleared patches in this dense | treeland. primitive farms green with food crops, trail of pioneer and seftler. In another half century these had in- | creased enormously under the home- secking ardor of the European immi- grant. Then came the period of the lumberman and logger. Their camps multiplied as the demand for homes ‘This period of home-building of forest trees, as if these were of such | extent as to render them inexhaustible. | In these later days steel and concrete | have in a measure taken the place of wood, yet the demands upon building | timber are still very great. Besides, | sclence, in partnership with industry, | has invented so many uses for wood posed upon the splendid virgin forests of the country. So, it has come to pass that within this short span of American settlement and growth the forests that took many times 300 vears for their growth and maturity are now in dan- ger of depletion, and even of extinc- tion, under the reckless treatment to which they have been subjected by the people. About half a century ago a few men ( of farsight and genuine interest in the general well-being of their country woke fo the imperiled state of the American for Agitation secured the action of Congress to provide for a sur- vey of the forest resources. That was the start from which has grown the present organized interest and activity | in this most important subject. Two large lines are followed in the work of the American Tree Association. One ! now in existence and the other is re- forestation. The Forestry Almanac is a publica- | tion whose purpose is to report prog: ress in every department of forestry | work. The edition in hand, that of 1929, is designed to bring the subject up to the moment for the benefit of the public whose interest and whose €uty in respect to this matter are personal Trees are the busiriess of everybody. Every tree is the imme- diate concern of each of its human This point cannot be over- | stressed. As in so many other worthy enterprises. in this one, too, success de- | pends upon the individual sense of re- sponsibility. No matter how wise may be the plans that are laid, nor how per- through. the best cannot be achieved without the deeply interested and active | support of you and me—all the you's and me’s. E By way of introduction, Charles La- throp Pack, president of the American Tree Association, reports the progress of | forestry from its formal beginnings, half | a century ago, up to its status in the | present. To this he adds a hopeful | ision for the next few years, and be- yond. “These years of up-building have | seen, and we still see, the rapid deple- tion of our forest resources.” But, in brighter outlook Mr. Pack pictures the wakening of a more general concern in this vital matter. A great point, that. For people generally—men, women and | children—seized with a really passion- ate desire to save the trees, will see that the thing is done, or that it is on the way to & splendid fruition. What bet- could be imagined than for children to | learn a true affection for this beautiful | thing—a tree—and to devote to it the | kindliness and care that spring from every sort of love? i The Forestry Almanac is a real treas- ure house. In it one may find useful | facts about the subject in hand, as he | may find also many a deeply interesting | ¥ story of tree life, or the life of creatures dependent upon the trees. Here, con- cisely summed, topic by topic, is the work of the United States Forest Serv- ice, coupled with a digest of national legislation in respect to the matter. Na- | tional and State associations are de- scribed in their purpose and activities | and achievements. Foreign associations are briefly compared with our own for the commonly conceded benefits derived from such parallelisms and divergencies. With the space at command it is not possible to name even the deeply in- teresting: and important facts of for- estry that appear in this publication. “How to Plant Trees” is a theme of wide usefulness to the children every- where, and it must be kept in mind that the children are a vital point in a program whose support and final fulfillment rests upon them, the men and women of tomorrow. To kindle them with love for the trees today promises a flourishing and useful tree world of the nearing future. Tree holidays are planned and tree high- ways are described. Famous trees are named in high honor, and those that belong to “the hall of fame" are cited. Summer camps in their effects upon the forests are pictured hopefully, since these camps are becoming direct agents in the preservation of the trees. Spe- cial reports are made by officers of various forestry societies, National and State. These sum to ‘authentic and instructive records of the subject as a whole, The National Park Service is given as it is carried forward in the various parts of the country. The rangers come in for a picturesque and enjoyable accounting. Professional schools are described in their origin, support, program and contribution to the subject of practical forestry as a whole. The work of women's clubs in co-operation with the governmental agencies of reforestation is described, as is that of the American Legion. Demonstration forests are placed and summarized in their purposes and ef- fects—forests of New York State Col- lege, of Harvard, of Yale, and the University of Washington. Experiment stations and laboratories here spread out their processes, following these through to their applications in a pracs. tical issue. No more interesting topic appears here than that bearing upon | drawing. she was obliged to accept work [ mathematician. oriented his maps with {tice by the French navy on Jun ANSWERS TO BY FREDERIC Any reader can get the answer to|zine. by B. E. Woolf. author of the comedy entitled “The Almighty Dollar.” any question by writing to our In- formation Bureau in Washington, D. C. This offer applies strictly to informa- tion. The bureau cannot give advice on legal, medical and financial matters. It does not attempt to settle domestic troubles, nor undertake exhaustive re- search on any subject. Write your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for feturn postage. The reply is sent direct to the inquirer. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Prederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. How many World War veterans are there in Congress’—R. S. J. A. In the new Congress there are 16 Senators and 61 Representatives who are veterans of the World War. In the | ast Congress 13 Senators and 53 Rep- | | resentatives had been in the war. Z | Q. Is it true that Mabel Normand | once posed for our leading artists?— R.E. A. When a young girl she went to New York to study art and, as most of her filnds were used for her tuition in as a model. She posed for such artists as James Montgomery Flagg. Charles Dana Gibson, Henry Hutt and Hamilton King. | Q. Are maps alwavs made with “north” at the top?—N. A. N. A. All modern maps and charts are so oriented, but some of the older ones show a different arrangement. The American Geographical Society reports that ancient Greek and Roman map makers placed “east” at the top of their maps, that being the direction of the rising sun. Most of the medieval map makers followed this method. In a col- lection recently exhibited at the British Museum one map had “south” at the top, another “wes “South” was at the top of most maps made by the Arabs during the Middle Ages. Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer, geographer ' and | | | “north” at the top. and with the re- | vival of Ptolemaic geography during the Renaissance this custom became estab- lished. Q. What became of the German sub- marine that visited the United States during_the war?>—R. H. D. A._The Deutschland, which came to the United States in 1916, was surren- | dered to France after the armistice. It was sunk by gunfire during target prac- | e 18, | 1921. . Q. How did the phrase “almighty | dollar” come into use?—V., W. C. | and California, | not | weeks’ QUESTIONS J. HASKI. The expression was popularized Q. How far can the eye see?—P. F. A. The distance that the eye can sce has not, so far as we know, been defi- nitely measured. It is reported that observers on the Mediterranean eoast of France have sighted lights on the Corsican Mountains, 186 miles away, that mirrors on Mount Shasta, were sighted from Mount Helena, a distance of 192 miles, Q. How long does it take an illiter- ate adult to learn to write?—E. B. A. In the Moonlight schools there were few mountain women who could write a simple letter after three instruction. Many learned in less time. B Q. How much money is spent in Wall street in a year’>—N. O. W. A. The amount seems to increase steadily. In 1928 about $70,000.000.000 was spent on the New York Stock Ex- change. Q. What is meant by an sauce”>—M. M. A. It is a flavoring sauce injected info the blood vessels of a fowl or smail . animal. Q. What is the address of the Au- thors' League of America?—A. D. C. A. The addgess of the Autho League of America. Inc, is 2 East Twenty-third street. New York City. Q. When is Father's day?—N. G. B. A. The third Sunday in June has been set aside as Father's day. Mrs. J. B. Dodd was founder of this day. With the co-operation of the Y. M. C. A. and the Ministerial Association of Spokane, Wash., her idea was brought to the attention of people throughout the United States. It was first celebrated in Spokane in 1910, and proved such a success that in 1914 Congress recognized it as a national institution. A colored rose is worn for a father who is living and a white one is worn for one who has died. intra- Q. What causes tides?—A. B. 8. A. Tides are caused by the gravita- tional attraction or pull of the sun and moon upon the water and upon the earth itself. The moon is the principal cause. When the moon is directly over a given place it pulls up the water under it, thus tending to heap up a tidal wave. At the same time anoiher heaping up of water occurs on the cpposite side of the earth, producing a second tidal wave. At these points it will be high water. The tides. there- fore, may be looked upon as two great A. It is believed to have originated | waves sweeping around the globe, their with Washington Irving in his “Wol- | crests 180 degrees apart. their troughs fert's Roost, Creole Village.” published at a varying distance, depending upon | poor are getting poorer.” s | chariot which no king could have boast- | in 1837 in the Knickerbocker Maga- | BACKGROUND BY PAUL V. It used to be a favorite cry of the political speaker—especially the kind known as “ranting demagogue"—to“an- nounce with a mournful expression, | “The rich are getting richer, and the A very significant analysis of the trend of financial conditions has just appeared from the pen of Dr. Morris | A. Copeland of Cornell University, and | the kernel of it lies in the table showing | what propogtion of the Nation's total income is received by 10 per cent of the people—the Tichest 10 per cent— for it demonstrates that the pessimistic | orator's cry is without substantial basis. * ok % ¥ As Dr. Copeland puts it, “If the dis- tribution of income in any year were | equal, any 10 per cent of the popula- | tion would receive just 10 per cent of | the total income. " Hence the excess of the proportion of income over 10 per | cent, which is received by the richest | 10 per cent of the people, measures the inequality of the distribution in that year.” The chart shows that the “upper 107 in 1918 received 33.1 per cent of the total income of America. The per- | centage has fluctuated from year to year since then, but the highest pro- portion was in 1921—the year of finan- cial depression for the masses—when the “upper 10" received 35.3 per cent of the total. The following years proved more nearly normal, and the rich “10 per cent of population” re- ceived in 1923 32.5 per cent of the total income, in 1924, 32.4: in 1925, 32.9, and in 1926, 32.9 per cent. Since the proportion going to the rich in 1918 was 33.1 and in the last two years reported it was 32.9, it does not appear true that the trend greatly favors the rich—it remains about level. In short, the national distribution gives the wage earner a fair proportion, as compared with previous years, what- ever may be thought of ever letting 10 per cent of the people get 32.9 per cent of the total income. Soclalists, of | course, will dispute the justice of such an uneven distribution at any time, but economists deny any injustice, provided it can be shown that, even so, the So- clalists are getting more comforts and luxuries than they would get if they lllvrd under purely Socialistic organiza- tion, * ok k% No one can dispute the statement that times have materially improved. in recent decades, not only in luxuries for the rich, but in comforts and what pre- viously were counted as luxuries for both rich and poor. It is a familiar quirp to sav, “Give us the luxuries and we will dispense with the necessities. The world is growing more luxurious in its demands; so there is not the re- motest prospect of saturating the mar- kets with overproduction, provided we produce what the consumer wants— good food, good clothing, good trans- portation. and radio and entertainment and whatever adds to the joy of living | —for some, chewing gum: for others, to- | bacco or lipsticks or rouge. Luxuries? | Yes, but necessities for the supplier of the markets. It is indeed a thriftless mechanic who cannot ride to his daily work in a ed 30 years ago. He may use a second- | hand machine, but it runs, and he sits the position of the moon. OF EVENTS COLLINS. Has that increase of the wealth of the farmer's home market for his ag- ricultural products been the cause of farm poverty? A strange reasoning would be required to prove such an in- consistency, according t> the expert in economics, Dr. Copeland. It is not | competition of the industrials that has caused farm incomes, per capita, to fall Off 28 per cent between 1920 and 1925, while incomes of industrial workers in- creased 2 per cent. Farmers have failed to march forward in organiza: tion, in general economies and in in- creased production, at the same pace as have the industrialists, but that is i not the fault of the industries. The outstanding secret of industrial growth lies in the labor-saving of mass production in the great factories. and chain stores. and in economic distribu- tion methods, such as agriculture has failed fully to emulate. * K x X Agriculture has.made tremendous strides forward also in mass production and co-operating marketing since 1913, but not so great as have the factories. It is a favorite statement—which the Department of Agriculture is wary of verifying—that the improvement in farm machinery is such that, whereas, half a century ago, it took four hours of human labor to produce a bushel of wheat, today it requires only 10 minutes of toil. Even that 10-minute quota was a decade old before the introduction generally of the combined reaper and thresher. That marvelous machine, which in California wheat fields cuts and threshes a swath 40 feet wide, was found too unwieldy and too costly for the smaller grain fields of the Middle West. but in recent years machines which cut and thresh a swath 12 to 24 feet wide have become very popular in the Mississippi Valley In place of harvesting 10 or 15 acres a day and then later having to thresh the grain in a separate operation, the farmer with one helper now cuts and threshes 20 to 40 acres a day. The fact, therefore, that’ there are fewer farmers in the country does not mean that we are producing less in farm crops. EEE In th uth a similar labor-saver is faundelns‘:he sled with which cotton is picked—provided the cotton ripens evenly, ready for the whole crop to be stripped from the plant at one operation. While farmers have developed co- operative organizations for the mar- keting of their products. they have not kept pace with marketing methods of the industrialis nstead, they listen to the yagaries of the producers of schemes to “rig” the market with “equalization” drawbacks and deben- tures, whose only ultimate result, ac- cording to experts of the Department of Agriculture, can be an increase of surpluses through incentives to grow larger crops. P The farmers are often criticized for failure to use the kind of economics which have become proverbial with in- dustry, even such industries as are &0 closely associated with farming as meat packing. ‘rhe‘rrln "r\'tlr,\'thln‘ is utilized except the 's squeal.” \'P,l"y recrx{!tly it has been demon- at ease upon & cushioned seat, speeding | 20 or 30 miles an hour. Peeding | ctrated that it is possible to make e | cellent news and book paper from corn- * ok ox ok <talks. and several newspapers and farm Furthermore, there is no such ine- | papers have been printed on such pa- quality of incomes of the various lines | per. The use of cornstalks in p! The Interstate Commerce Commis-| A movement may be deemed expedient sion, however, does not agree that such | to restore not the ancient grandeurs of sweeping effects will follow the decision. | Rome, but, those of Mussolini himself. The O'Fallon case was an individual | - case, in which the elements concerned | An American Epic. Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “if men were not peculiar to every case. The! Every school child is familiar with | cquid forgive injuries as speedily as they commission's view is that while the ! Hiawatha." However ethnologists may | forget favors.” court has re-established the theory that | question the truth of the picture and | * or & moment; but not after father | heard from my dressmaker.” Citizen-Patriot suggests that in “this | for the Hellenic gentlemen who preside great game those who sit pat must over shoe shining parlors and the Ethio- cither hold a good hand or admit they | pian business men who conduct clean- {are bluffing when it is called,” and that | ing and pressing establishments. For | | paper advises that “it would seem at|they could hardly ask for or desire & | this time that it "as Mrs. Gann's turn | more impressive testimonial to their "to_call.” value to the individual. “The only solution we can see,” com-| “What a shame,” exclaims the Eve- ments the Flint Daily Journal, “is the ning Sun, “that you should have wasted adoption of a constitutional amendment ' your time at school and college on which would render ineligible to the | game protection, upon the sanctuary and refuge for animals. Humane and practical, this is finely suited to the study of children who are going to look after the woods and their people tomorrow and the next day. While this record is, as matter of course, ad- dressed to the grown folk, to the work- ers in the present, the point of carry- ing it as far as possible into the daily life of the children is one so vital, “The world might be better,” said e of of production as has been too often | wood pulp for paper will be a blessing argued by political “calamity howlers.” | to both the farmers and publishers and In 1913, agriculture received $5.000.- | will add greatly to the value of the 000,000 out of & total of $35.700,000,000 | corn crop. 1t may develop a specles of —14 per cent. In 1926 agriculture re- | corn raised primanly for its fiber, as Protection. 3 the kind raised “reproduction new” must be given due | critics decry its literary merit, Long- weight with other factors, the court ! fellow's poem has become an American has not stated that reproduction | classic. | The Jaw a gangster does not fear. | Its might can never fail. ! books when you should have been learn- presidency or the vice presidency any fing how to wear your clothes! And as candidate who does nol have a wife, you struggle with & neck or adoption of the cafeteria plan for 2 e A will | at present cost must be the sole basis of valuation; that reproduction at cost must be corisidered as a factor along with prudent invesiment. The commis- sion will probably procced to its work ' of bringing valuation up to date on the basis of the preliminary valuation al- ready done, and with regard to the points emphasized by the United States Bupreme Court. The construction of the court's de- cision, however, wiil be left to the law- yers. No one can tell now or attempt to predict the final effect on rates in general. In the meantime there is interest in the Supreme Court's decision here be- cause of its possible effect upon the val- uation of local utilities. As a matter of fact, it is difficult to see where thert will be any great effect. The Supt Court abliched no new formul for ariiving at valuations hag re- It stated what has come to be the law of | dwelt ’ "Ape dangd 4n Valusiions ARd fbe law of celestial maiden who was the grand-. proyide the | Fragments of aboriginal legend were | filtered through the Victorian mind of the Cambridge poet. Longfellow was a | man of his time with the philosophical | outlook of his time. Even had all the | material been available, he could not | have understood the subtle Indian metaphysics and philosophy which | were embodied in the grotesque sym- | bolism of the great native epic, even the existence of which he did not! uspect, | Now the Bureau of American Eth. | nology has recovered and published the | real epic of the forest-dwelling Ircquois as it has been passed on from genera- | tion to generation. It is closer to Mil- ton than Longfellow, with the sublimity of its cosmic imagery and its dramatic Few pictures in all literature xeeed in grandeur that of the vast viand minated by the snovy white ms of the Tres of Li the giants of 1d, ntensity ht, In which or of the ! With gunmen threatening far and near, | He's happier when in jail. i ! not stay straight, no matter how official functions.” ‘The Detroit Free | s hard it Press, protesting the spirit of the con- | fiict, Temar “For years Mrs. Long- worth has been considered an outstand- ing example of the person with brains and humor, able to distinguish the sub |stance from the shadow. Her ability to | characterize a situation and her sense of the ridiculous enabled her to provide the country with more than one chuckle, but until now the smile never has been at her expense.” * X ¥k x “If there is any one at Washington who could shake the social status ladder effectively it is Mrs. Longworth,” testi- fies the Albany Evening News. and the | Cleveland Plain Dealer say rincess | | Alice comes very near to being the! 'most fmportant and impressive person- 2ge in 1 Washington outside the' White House. And when she says Ha! with that pecullar Rooseveltlan ' intonation Washiugton society shivers And Washington society. perplexed and | troubled, knows that the aimistice is| ended. “The great Gann war has be- | come more terrible than ever, for 1t is! Kizg Alexander has forl now wi all & civil war slavian street car conductors bellig B ars ail Amoo Igarlic. In fairness, then, he ought 10/ path of the neulrals s gowg “Don’t brag ‘bout what you is g'inetey do,” said Uncle Eben, “unless what has already done can do a little braggi: foh you.” R It Must Be. { From the Olean Herald. Spring is surely here when one caleu- | lates purposefully to ascertain how | many pairs of old rubbers it takes 1) make a spare tire. v Appropriate These Days. Fior the Bealtle Daily Times. There is @ growing impression * { the shield in the Nation's coat of {After all, is & front view of a padlo Qs Why Only Conductors? ide Springfeit (Ohio) o bef tie it, you begin to realize how hard it I5 to achisve success and why so few men make good.” It in't brains but looks that get you by in this old world, according to the foregoing analysis of the game. It's not what's in your head, but what’s on i that really matters. Trousers baggy. hole in your sock, collar out of fashion! Go and jump off the Brooklyn Bridge: you haven't a chance in the world of succeeding in life. Isn't it lucky that Edison, Steinmetz, | Henry Ford and others of that type never found all this out until it was too late to do anything about it? What's a “Pesky” Soprano? o the Hamillon Spectator. ‘Chat Detroit dalryman who has in- talled & Tadio loud speaker in his barn 1o keep his cows contented is running the risk of having the milk soured by ome pesky soprano. [ Or Pin It On. “iom th® Toledo Blad- Lima Beane says the surest way make the postage stamp stick is to put | | to ! United | industry is coming to see the folly of 50 momentous to both children and fhe ubject itsell that it cannot be too much emphasized—so it seems to me. An_important unit in this useful record is that which covers the rela- tions of business with the subject of forestry. “What Some Lumber Com- inies” Are Doing” is, in the main, a actical refutation of the saying that business 15 heartless and so on. That business has been senseless seems to be an_ equally true conclusion. ‘That destruction with no measures set for replenishment. turns out to be the most hepeful outlook for the future of the forests. Here are given the ways and means by which great lumber corpora- tions are meeting this issue in the spirit_of both progress, safety and & continuing business. Practical men of successful_experience contribute to this view of modern enterprise in relation to the future forest supplies. To this rounded and complete survey of the subject of forestry in all of its many implications 15 added the very inter- esting and useful account of “The Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Trust,” a foundation organized upon sound business principles for the perpetuation | of the great and high mission of sav- ceived $8.900,000,000 and there were fewer farmers in proportion left on the | |1and to divide up that gross sum than | had been there in 1913. True, it amounted to only 10 per cent, in place ' of 14 per cent of the whole, but that did | not alter the fact of the concrete gross | income of agriculture. Was it to the | detriment of agriculture that its home | market had increased in wealth beyond ! its own increase? Would the farmers have been better off if the rest of the | country had become poorer? * ok %k X i Manufactures in 1913 received 21 per | cent of the tota: income and identically | the same percentage in 1926, but the for only $7,300,000,000, while in 192 the sales amounted to $17,800.000.000. New lines, “unclassified,” amounted in 1913 to $7.100,000,000 and in 1926 to| $17.300,000,000. America’s total in- comes in 1913 amounted to $35.000.- 000,000 and in 1926 to $85.700.000.000- & clear increase of - $50,000,000.000 a year. ment. An his | country is engaged here. unassuming lover of ing the forests to the people of (h~ ates, and to their children forever. A great mission. that i quiev sirable book on its own theme than fnd, ov kP product of manufactures in 1913 sold | Vi A more de-'main on the tition——the reverse effect of artificial | “Forestry.sllmanac” would' be hard Lo | debentures. fAber flax differs from for flaxseed. - Now the cotton raisers are calling for paper to be produced from the cotton plant—the stems—as it is from corn- stalks. Along such practical lines agri- culture has much to hope for. * X % X rm employers have to compete with Industry in wages offered to hands. A survey by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics shows that the -ven{‘g wages of farm hands is $46.44 a month, plus board and other perquisites valued (at farm market values) at $30.34, making the total national average cost $76.78 a month per hand. This average arles according to the section of ths ountry, from the Pacific Coast. $104.98, ! down to the South Atlantic, $59.78, and East South Central, $55.72. Uniike the unadaptable Europeans who refuse o pass from che trade to another according ducements, our American farmers and | farm hands are adaptable, to economical in- nd when- ver industry outbids farming. the flow | of humanity from one occupation to the {more profilable one tends to equalize {the situation. vance toward a most splendid achieve- | from farm to cif That is why the trend v, reducing the number is a benefit to such as re- 'm—it reduces sompe= of farmers. (Gopsrisht. 1020, by Pack V. Goliine | P