Evening Star Newspaper, March 31, 1929, Page 33

(Continued From First Page.) at the time, and it is likely that the leader felt unwilling to share his tri- umph with any other nation. One has wmfnnw the 400 years of international rivalry that went into the polar race to upp-:t:chte Peary’s conflict at the mo- ment. There were now in the party Peary, Henson and four Eskimos. Henson was a colored servant who had been with Peary since 1884. Curious to relate, he is still alive and hardy, re- spected and busy as an employe of the United States Custom Service in New York. There were also five sledges and zr()lbgogs, the pick of the Smith Sound ‘The remaining 133 miles to the Pole were covered in five Telatively easy marches over ice that consistently im- proved. And at 10 am., April 6, 1909, Peary and his men reached the North Pole. He found it located in the center of a vast sea of floating ice, in striking contrast to the South Pole, which lies on the summit of a great plateau. It is interesting that Peary’s sounding at the Pole gave 1,500 fathoms, or about 9,000 feet. while the altitude of the South Pole above sea level is about 10,000 feet. . After so many years of prodigious ef- fort Peary might have been expected to give way to some profound emotional caction in this moment of his triumph. had reached at last the point he had n his lifetime to win, and yet he te: “The accumulated weariness of those days and nights of forced marches, in- sufficient sleep, constant peril and anxi- ety, seemed to roll across me all at once. I‘W!; M:tlllll)'tm‘;1 exhlus;fld to realize at the moment that my life’s purpose had been achieved.” Note Tells of Triumph. After & few hours' sleep and several | wide traverses about the Pole to make | sure he encompassed it with his sledges, he added another note in his grimy record. i “The Pole at last! The prize of three | centuries. My dream and goal for 20| years. Mine at last! I cannot bring my- self to realize it. It seems all so simple and so commonplace!” And yet, even as he wrote, fate was | clenching her fist for a crushing blow | such as few men have ever had (o bear. | For at that moment there was being perpetrated the greatest hoax of all| ages, and Robert Peary was the victim. Success, like a mirage, moved away just as the explorer’s fingers touched it. This hoax was Dr. Cook’s claim to | have reached the North Pole in 1908, a | ‘whole year in advance of Peary. Cook had actually gone north two years before, poorly equipped with sup- plies, but with substantial experience in hoth the Arctic and Antarctic behind him. He had the confidence and friend- ship of Peary's Eskimos. Having been with Peary on an expedition, he knew the latter's methods. He was a good Arctic traveler, a man of resource and intelligence and highly competent in many other ways. In the Spring of 190° Cook left his Greenland base, crossing Ellesmere Land, turned south when he reached the Polar Sea and wintered in Jones Sound. With him were two Eskimos. As the author of this article taveled over nearly the same route with the same two Eskimos, and later checked them in many ways, he is positive of Cook’s route. The natives had nothing to gain or lose by lying; and were easi- ly. able to identify the route by which Cook traveled. Further, their stories were the only ones compatible with the resources at Cook’s command. Of course, later events brought final proof of the hoax by showing that Cook's moral character was such that he was capable of making a claim as préposterous as | those in the Norge, saw enough to make But her three masters boldly kept on across the top of the world and made Point Barrow, Alaska, 3¢ hours later. Pole Loses Privacy. ‘This_time the world felt that the North Pole had at ) esoteric privacy. Too many pairs of human eyes had now looked down upon it for there ever to hang about the spot that fine cloak of mystery which graphical discovery. ‘The second leg, from the Pole to Bar- row, was somewhat more stimulating than the first. It cut straight through the great blank space on the map due north of s £ Wrote Ellsworth in describing his feel- ing as the Pole was left behind: “Ahead lay the biggest unexplored area. What would it reveal—a lost continent, island, or what? Although we were weary from lack of sleep, these questions animated every man aboard to a state of gonstant watchfulness and expectancy.” But, alas; they were doomed to dis- appointment. “Hour after hour passed,” he went on, “but there was only the same glit- tering surface, rifted by wind and tide into cracks and leads of open water * * * a chaos of broken ice fields and pres- sure ridges of ice blocks, upturned as if ‘ghms had waged war with the polar ice.” And yet the Norge did not cut a swath everywhere, for from time to time she passed through thin vapqrs of frost smoke that obscured the pack on either iledle' and sometimes even that directly low. So it was that when Wilkins set forth in the Summer of 1928 to fly through the southern edge of this unknown area, from Barrow to Spitzbergen, there was still hope that the new land might be found therein. The flight culminated a serles of misfortunes in previous years. Its success was therefore all the more glorfous. It was a piece of superb navigation, aside from a perfect bit of piloting, that brought him and his in- trepid companion, Eielson, safe to the | tiny island of Spitzbergen from over | the shoulder of the globe. Continent Theory Scouted. ‘Thus one of the two ambitions left to Peary’s successors—that of a polar flight—was fully successful. But the second—that of exploring the great un- known north of —Wwas only par- tially so. However, Wilkins, as well as it sure that no large continent lies in that million miles of blank space on the map, though there is enough left still unseen to hide a number of sizable islands. ‘This, then, is the primary geograph- ical work left to be done in the Polar Sea—the complete exploration of the unknown polar areas which still total close to the original 1,000,000 square miles. In addition, there is the never-ending search for abstract scientific knowledge that must go on in the polar regions for many years to come. There is little of romance to this latter work, and its profit, if there be any, is far more likely to accrue to future generations than to ours. | At present Fridtjof Nansen, dean of | Arctic explorers, is in this country to ;lis‘q funds "fior :’ nncmmcemnmnll retic erped lon during the Spring of 1930. e proposes to use the dirigible Graf Zeppelin, which visited this coun- try last Summer. He will fly directly to Spitzbergen and make a series of flights back and forth across the polar ast lost some of its | SPRE makes so much for the romance of geo- | ;¢ Suggestions Asked On Honoring Washington (Continued From First Page.) deplorable practice has drop] old place names that had been by the early inbabitants, or by the Indians, and has substituted names supposed to facilitate the sale of real estate, sup- Ennd to be “tony.” (Incidentally, that word “tony” still in common use anywhere in America?) The place near Miami, Fla, where President Hoover some weeks last Winter was named “Bull Island,” until about four years ago, when real estate operators l:u&g:mu« the .more fancied ‘“Belle In many communities much of what here recommended has already been done. A icularly energetic ex- ample is e Grosvenor Library in Buffalo, N. Y. With other evidences of attractively broad sympathy, the Grosvenor Library is the only institu- tion in the writer's acquaintance that painstakingly includes among its col- (Continued From Third Page.) Yu Hsiang continues sphinx. “Illness” prevented his presence ‘at Ni assist in Ki tang lar compilaint kept Yen Hsi Shan, Tuchun of Shansi, at home in far Yuen, where his arsenal is in hect officially announced from -Nanking that Yu Hslan ! declared 'mmael(’t!fln&lul to NlllE . one king, but in_view of Feng's record, is permitted to be a little mPuul The rumor persists that Li CI Sum has been executed and another rumor has it that one of the three members lections specimens of old American popular songs. The word “old” in this connection need not go back more than 20 or 30 years. In the pace at which life moves in America just now, a thing may be antique before the death of the generation to whom it was a novelty. of the government who guaranteed Li's safety should he go to Nanking has, following an immemorial Chinese tra- dition, committed suicide to mark iis feeling about the matter.) the proj low. 'rfir Japanese government issued the text of the agreement, which | @8 important from many angles. I quote, as follows: “1. Within two months after signa- ture of the agreement, the Japanese overnment shalt withdraw its troops om Shantung. The Nationalist govern- ment, after their withdrawal, shall all Japanese lives and property in China, as it has repeatedly Escfired it holds itself responsible, according to interna- of -all foreigners, Chinese and Ja) shall be estal and adjudication of the q losses sustained by both count to the Tsinan nt. ship between the two May 3, last year. Japanese governments and people cerely hope for an improvement 8ino-Jaj relations. has | happy feeling resulting incident as this declaration.” * ok k% NOTES—The German (German National People’s) (successor to nce. Entrance, 909 F St. N.W. You Are Welcome to a Charge Account On Our Convenient Deferred Payments < X3 Willow Chaise Lounge An exceptional value. Comfortable and restful. $10.95 Sturdily constructed. Large 66-in. Buffet with This Handsome Walnut Suite A magnificent suite and an unusual value. splendidly constructed massive pieces in matched walnut on hardwood. Comprises extension table, en- closed server, 66-inch buffet, Ten china cabinet, 5 velour 225 | covered side chairs and an armchair. Note the handsome pedestal table. Bar Harbor Chair §2.49 An attractive, popular design and style. stered in Mohair all around. Three charming pieces, comprising large comfortable settee, throne chair Reversible spring cushions, one side A comfortable utility chair. Ideal for porch. Freshman All-Electric Console, Magnetic Console, Dy~ namic Speaker.. Radios at New Low Prices “Your Ultimate Radio” Low Boy, Dy- namic Speaker. . High Boy, Dy- namic Speaker.. $149 $195 “2. A EI.Iw-J:r.DIG joint commis- slon consisting an equal number of commissioners for investigation due incide: In view of the existing friend- peoples, the Chi- nese and Jej its deplore extremely mm‘m%wm of The Chinese and Nationalist Party, under the leadership of Dr. Alfred Hugenberg Count Westarp), are ex- hibiting the most sulphurous intransi- bear full responsibility for protecting | ge: After so many delays and obstruc- tions, a treaty of arbitration and friend- ship between Greecc and Jugoslavia ! friends and club chair. beautiful moquette. has been signed. Much is hoped there- from with respect fo Balkan interrela- Mexican insurrectiod is develop- Ing a hydra-headed character. It seems probable that the government will in time completely suppress it, but the indica grow of a long and ly irritating struggle. It would- be so much nicer if the rebels would combine their scattered forces and “| it to the touch” of a single battle, “to win or lose it all.” On h 28, Henry L. Stimson, ar- riving at Washington from the Philip- of sin- pines, took the oath of office of Secre- tary of State. Spring floods in Southeastern Ken- tucky and Northeastern Tennessee, rag- lllld over threen l?;yl, nluudln !‘z‘ 'gea‘t{‘ls and property runni millions. . 5 ol Japanese Prince A-Slumming Goes " Residents of Tokio are derlvlrg a great deal of pleasure telling their of the recent visit which Prince Higash! Kuni paid to the slums of the city. ’ It was the first time in 60 years that 8 prince of the blood had visited any of the poorer sections. The visit was carried out in secret, not even the police of the district knowing of it. Leaving his mansion early in the morning, accom of the city Bl kbt e ice is an ardent s t of l and expressed great interest in being able to see for himself some of the conditions under which less fortunate subjects of the emperor live. He also saw the city’s free maternity hospital and the famous tunnel apart- ments. These are long barracks, be- lr,){ parallel rows of rooms with the * Whots Tamiies Tog ia o wing le fam ive & single room where there is hardly room for all of them to lie down at the same time. After he had been conducted through the slum districi for several hours, J;e police discovered who the visitor_was and promptly sent out 60 detectivés in plain clothes to guard him. king men. The logy Attractive Style Durable Covering Sturdy Construction Carved Frame Mohair iving Ro Suite &3 Rugs, Drapes & Curtains At Special Prices LART FIBER RUGS Swaying Divans Special Opening Prices starting at 6x9 ... .. 22 Marie Antoinette Rugs. 4.6x7.6 ... . 36x72 .$12.50 27x54 Floor samples. 36x72 .CONGOLEUM 518 $1675 Durably built, with spring seat and Remnants of Gold Seal Congoleum. Square yard . 6x9 Gold Seal Congoleum Rugs. Discontinued patt . 7.6x9 Gold Seal Congoleum Rugs. Discontinued pattern the one he made in 1909. Public Favored Cook. Choose your Freshman radio now and get ready for the opening base ball game, basin until it cannot be said that any portion of it remains unexpiored. Prices ‘The net result was that Cook and Peary ‘returned almost simultaneously in the Summer of 1909. The public, knowing nothing of polar technique, and caring less, were inclined to favor Cook. The impostor cleverly declared that there was “glory enough for bot! ‘The public rebuked Peary for his self- ishness when he indignantly insisted that his rival was nothing but a first- class scoundrel. | Three grievous years followed, all | marred by an inescapable scandal to which Peary was always a polemic party. It was not until every nation in Europe honored Peary that his own country grudgingly recognized the jus- tice of his claims. But in the end, and mostly after Peary’s death in 1921, destiny and human justice closed the whole regrettable incident, so far as retribution went. The Cook-Peary row had at least one specific effect on polar exploration. ‘The public became so fed up on ice and snow. dogs and sledges, latitude and longitude, Esgimos and pemmican that the very mention of another Aretic expedition was enough to nauseate the man in the street, who never did see the sense of all this freezing and starv- ing for something that wouldn't be likely to pay dividends. So with the exception of a few enthu- siasts and those who were still anxious to see the abstract problems of the Far North cleared up, little important work was done inside the Arctic Circle between 1909 and 1926. What was done confined itself to two lines of effort: First, there was much curiosity as to what lay within the 1,000,000 square miles of polar basin between the Pole itself and the north- ern shores of Siberia and Alaska. In 1914 MacMillan and the author entered the castern edge of this area, but found only a continuation of the chaotic ice-pack. Stefansson, working from Alaska, penetrated the southern edge of this unknown area with no better success. The Russians skirted it from the west and later Amundsen's ship, the Maude, drifted away through it off Wrangel Island. Stefansson’s steamer, the Karluk, entered the pack near Point Barrow and was crushed, most of the crew finally escaping to land as a result of the courage and resourcefulness of Capt. Boh Bartlett, who had learned his lessons in the Peary school. Flights Proven Practicable. ‘The other line of effort confined itself to the spectacular aspiration of a transpolar flight. Amundsen actual- ly took a plane to the North Alaskan coast; and his associate made short flights from Spitzbergen. But it was Nansen is the typical scientist in that he keenly feels the urge to gather “cosmic knowledge so long as man’s knowledge of nature is incomplete, His is the same spirit that animated Fara- day and scores of other early physicists from whose obscure laboratories came the abstract knowledge which we today are using in our radios, our dynamos, our airplanes, our X-rays, long after the physicists are dead. Nansen Holds Study Vital. Blind devotion of this sort in the| cause of truth is seldom understood and | never fully appreciated by a material public. “It is of vital importance to study the physical conditions in these northern regions,” says Nansen. “The. circula- tion of our atmosphere is due, mainly, {o the heating of the air by solar radia- tion in the warmer regions and its cool- ing in the colder ones, especially in the polar areas. To try to discover the laws governing the circulation of our atmosphere without a knowledge of the polar regions and their physical condi- tions is comparable, therefore, to the action of a man attempting to study the laws by which water circulates in the heating apparatus in a house with- out knowing anything about the radia- tors that emit the heat.” And he went on to add that we must know these laws before we can put to full use our meteorological systems that must mean as much to commercial fly- ing as well as to many other forms of human activity. A -third great line of inquiry that Nansen will follow will be that of a transpolar air route—that is to say, a short cut by air from Europe to Asia across the North Pole. Much has been written on this sub- ject, just as much was written and said about the Suez and Panama Canals for many decades before either was dug. ‘The facts are simple enough. America is Europe’s great trade rival. A regen- erated China and a rapidly growing Japan combine to make a market of Europe must now goods about 11,000 miies to reach the Orient. IT a line of dirigibles or planes were operating across the North Pole this distance would be cut ebout 5,000 miles. ” Diversion of passenger service would be even more certain. The business warrior 1s a practical man. He is not going to travel from New York to Chi- cago by way of Niagara Falls—unless, perhaps, he is on his honeymoon. Like~ wise he will not cross two oceans and the Isthmus of Panama when he can hop to his Far Eastern market in a few | Irs. Military Value Is Cited. Military facts are more simply por- not until Byrd based at Etah, North Greenland, and flew a total of 6,000 miles over Ellesmere Land in & few short weeks that Arctic flying was dem- onstrated to be practicable. In that same year Amundsen and Ellsworth hopped in two large seaplanes, bound for the‘ Pole itself. Thicl her was met, been car- ried west and were in only 87 degrees 44 minutes north latitude. One plane was crushed. The other was hauled out and an emergency camp established. Meanwhile the world waited for wegks without a word from the missing ex- plorers. It was reasoned that the party stood little chance of walking home over the almost lifeless pack, and that even if one plane remained it could scarcely take vflawmz the | are air derby cr¢ dirigible from the Italians. Byrd raised fi and bought a Fokker monoplane. and French aviators also tentous. In a war between the United Less Tubes 1 EHTHH SN 469 ot Convenient Deferred A splendid example of outstanding value, in hand- woven fiber suites, consisting of armchair, rocker and davenport, the latter concealing a double bed. Loose spring cushions upholstered in beautiful cretonne. Now Is the Time to Protect' Against Moths Walnut-Finished Cedar Chest 36-in. 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