Evening Star Newspaper, March 28, 1929, Page 34

BRI EYPTAN REON HELDVITAL Strife Dangerous to World) Peace Feared if Protec- torate Is Ended. BY HENRY CABOT LODGE. Bpecial Correspondence of The Star. CAIRO, March 28 —From almost any standpoint one can mention Egypt is a unique country. It is certainly one which Americans should watch with care, for it is not only her 3,000-year- old mummies and tombs which give her that distinction but also her present political tions, which, if successful, may cause revolutionary changes not only in Europe and the Mediterranean but also in the world at large. It would be impossible to list here the ways in which Egypt is totally dif- ferent from any other country. She has, for one thing, a longer recorded history than any other land; she de- pends more on the flow of one river, the Nile, than do any other people dencnd on the flow of any stream, and this river, according to scientists, has created a human type which has scarcely varied throughout the ages, in spite of cou ss invasions of foreign peoples. Isolated in Ancient Times. In_ prehistoric times, however, when the Pharaohs conquered the surround- ing tribes, Egvpt enjoyed a distinction which she no longer can claim. She then was apart from the rest of the world. The deserts which flanked her for hundreds of miles made a hostile invasion almost impossible. She was away from the world and could do as she liked. But what changes time has wrought! Today she is bound up with the rest of the world as tightly as any nation can be. The Suez Canal—that vital link between East and West—runs through Egyptian territory and what happens to the canal is everybody's business. If it were damaged or destroyed, the world would feel the shock—and a world so highly industrialized and organized as ours cannot take such shocks lightly. Egypt's fate is so tightly bound up with the canal that a little of the canal's history must be set down. Canal Opened in 1869. It was built by the French, by De Lesseps, who also tried to carve through Panama. In 1860 it was opened, having cost $95,000,000, of which about $64,- 000,000 was paid by shareholders and the Test by the Khedive of Egypt. This|g Khedive was a ruling prince, subject to the orders of the Sultan of Turkey. This subordination Turkey had started in 1806, following the confusion caused by Napoleon when the Albanian ad- venturer, Menemet Ali, had conquered the country. The tradition of lavish expenditure which he began was continued by his successors, so that the Khedive in office when the canal was built was on the verge of bankruptcy and sold his shares in the canal to the then prime minis- ter of Great Britain, Disraeli, for $20,- 000,000, giving Britain control of the canal company. British Intervened in 1882. Revolutions and revolt, on a par with those with which we are so famillar in Central America, ensued until matters became so bad that in 1882 Britain intervened, pledging herself to the reconstruction of the political and economic condition of the country. The anomalous situation thus came into existence that Egypt, though under British control, was a province of Tur- key, Tuled by & semi-independent Khe- dive. Britain's chief agent, the famous Lord Cromer, though possessed of great potential power, was technically only a diplomatic representative. ‘This state of affairs lasted until 1914, when, & few months after the declara- tion of war, Britain proclaimed a pro- ready done it a lot of good, and are every day performing services to Egypt which Egypt could not perform for her- self. Until she can do so he wants to co-operate, he is willing to agree with them when they so “No” to some at- tempt to put back the clock and revive | the days of barbarism. Reforms Instituted. His motto is “We must put our own house in order,” and he has so far shown himself faithful to that ideal. With him law and order are paramount. In his few months in office he has taken measures for strengthening the already excellent police force, and is now perfecting plans for ridding the country of drugs. for in the last seven years the smuggling of drugs from Eu- rope has reached such proportions that it is estimated there are 500,000 addicts among the peasantry alone today. He has taken measures toward im- proving public health and has already caused the erection of 150 hospitals in Egyptian villages and the filling up of malarial swamps. He is trying to abol- jsh the Oriental slums in Egypt and has purchased sites for the construc- tion of model houses. Again, like the British and like his countr; E’RE as excited as a| father with twins! We can hardly wait to tell youthenews! Infact,itall hap- | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY, MARCH 28 1929. tors in ancient times, he sees the need for more water and is working on a $120,000,000 project for damming and irrigation. When the most intense, of the na- tionalists came into office geveral years ago—Zagloul Pasha—he was forced to select Turks for his cabinet posts. In spite of all his preachings, there were no Egyptians competent to do the work. ‘The Egyptians are a very old race, weakened by oppression and centuries of intermarriage among themselves Can they ever shoulder the burdens of statehood? Canal Zone Suggested. There are also purely British con- siderations which would, however, prob- ably be yielded if the Egyptians ever showed definite and genuine ability to run their own affairs. Many English-| men contend, for instance, that Britain | must hold the whole of Egypt if she is | to defend the canal. Others disagree, however, and say that a canal zone similar to our Canal Zone at Panama | would be sufficient. There seems to be some merit in this | [ last contention, although at present the | | area around the canal depends for its sweet water supply on the Nile, and| {hostile and independent Egypt. ;n»&(‘x whatever portions of Egyptian ter- | ritor | fense purposes. There are aiso British | This is the area larger than Egypt and | directly to the south of it where are pened so suddenly that we're still rubbing our eyes to make, sure it’s really true. What’s all the to-do about? We don’t has a second “baby”’ in Wash- ington. Tomorrow the evening papers will tell you all about it! tectorate over Egypt—a protectorate pledged, as we are in the Philippines, to granting the !:spmm their inde- pendence as soon they are capable gg d‘premvmz it. This is what exists Ve Mahmoud Ranked High. Fifty years is a short time in which to expect the first seeds of self-govern- ment to show results, yet in Egypt to- day is a man who must give great sat- isfaction to all who have labored in Egypt's behalf. The prime minister of Egypt today is an Egyptian—the son of a fellahin, a plain Nile farmer. His name is Mohamed Pasha Mahmoud, and al- though he has only been in power since June, 1928, he has done so much and done it so well that he deserves to rank high in the list of cotemporary states- men. His claim to distinction would rest secure if only it depended on the fact that he, a fellahin, was at the head of a country which had for centuries been under foreign domination. But in him- self he is an unusual man—one whom other nationalists in other countries ‘would do well to emulate. Mahmoud realizes that whatever mis- takes the British may make, they a there for his country’s good, have ... buys greater comfort and better F St. at 7th Bring the Kiddies Here for Their New Easter Clothes! Bés’ F The newest shades in all-wool fabrics and woolen mixtures. Sizes 7 to 15 with 2 pairs knick- ers. Sizes 13 to 17 with 1 pair Main 5100 $77.99 this could be cut off if there were a But it would be comparatiively simple to con- struct fresh water reservoirs, thereby making the canal area independent of Egypt proper, It seems to the outsider that some agreement similar to ours with Panama could be reached whereby the British would have the perpetual right to an- were deemed necessary for de- commercial interests in Egypt to be considered, but, of course, & really free and self-governing Egypt would pro- tect them, together with the interesis of all other foreigners. Sudan Presents Problem. A third question which relates both to commerce and to the defense of the al must also be solved some day. hat is the question of the Sudan. the headwaters of the Nile. The former Suggestions for Easter Presents Baby Lambs, Kid Goats, Sing- ing Canary, Rabblts, Puppies, Goldfishes, Parrots, Monkeys, Chicks and Ducklings. I SCHMID’S PET EMPORIUM | 712 12th St. N.W. cheery. Neatly lined, mirror and coin purse. Women’s Sweaters $ 1 .99 Crew and vee necks in slipover styles. Sizes 32 to 42. of New Easter Handbags Pouch or underarm styles in the newest of Spring shades, bright and Women’s Skirts rulers of Egypt had always considered it an Egyptian dependency. In 1898 Lord Kitchener reconquered it for the Egyptians, when it was nomi- nally placed under the joint administra- tion of Egypt and Britain, although the British did all the really remarkable work carried on before the war, But the Egyptians regarded it as theirs and kept some Egyptian troops there. When Sir Lee Stack, King George's _representative, was murdered in 1924 the British delivered an ultima- tum to the Egyptian government, which in effect demanded: 1. An immediate apology. Je 2 Apprehension and punishment of the guilty. 3. An indemnity of $1,500,000. 4. Diminution of the waters of the Nile. ‘The first three were acceded to, but the last was not. As a matter of fact, the diminution of the waters of the Nile was the most efTective way of making the peasant, the backbone of Egypt, realize that something serious had hap- | pened. None of the first three points would affect him—he probably would never know about them—but the fourth meant some hardship to him, it en- MY BACK HURTS SO BAD | CANT SLEEP. HOW CAN | STOP IT FROM HURTING ? A WOMAN CAME IN HERE TUESDAY MORNING TO GET A 35¢ BOTTLE OF SLOANS LINIMENT. SHE SAID‘MR DRUGGIST | WANT TO TELL YOU THAT WHEN | HAVE A BACKACHE THERE'S NOTHING BETTER THAN SLOANS LINIMENT TO FIX IT UP QuIcK $1.97 fitted with $1.99 crepe in lovely Shades. Sizes 27 to 34. You'll find all the most popular styles for this Easter in this group priced so mod- In pumps, in ties, in straps, in oxfords. Every one refreshingly new. .. Styles you'll see on smartly dressed women erately! T he newest styles for Easter! Women’s New Footwear $9.99 Pr. this Easter. Heel Heights: Spike, French Military, Flat Some Do of the Styles: rsay Pumps heo Ties Center Straps Step-in Pumps Crepe Sole O xfords Cape Coats— Throw featured in a group of Easter and Ensembles $15.99 Scarfs— THE COATS: In plain and tailored styles. In new materials — kasha broad- Sizes 38 Some of‘. the shades: Blonde, Blue "Gun Metal, Black talled a smaller crop, and, it was be- lieved, a lasting lesson. But the Egyptians refused, so Vis- count Allenby, who had been sent there to see that the terms were enforced, sent word to the King of Egypt that the Egyptian army must leave the Su- dan. This order was obeyed—it had to now the British share the Su-‘ dan with no one. OTHACHE Tou want quidh sllefy when T L TCOTHACHE DROPS Defective Vision Is the Cause Headache Eyestrain Relieved SPECIAL FRIDAY AND SATURDAY Your Eyes Examined Genuine Toric Glasses Best lenses made. Sold reg- Far or Near Complete With ularly $10. Special price for Friday and Shell or Metal Frame Saturday— SHAH OPTICAL CO. Remember the Address Pho For Easter, we’re featuring the new Georgettes in Silk Dresses & Ensembles 812 F St. N.W. Franklin 10200 This is Not a Jewelry Store Women’s and Misses’ Silk Underwear $ 1 89 Slips, chemise, dansettes in a variety of shades, street and pastel . . . in tai- lored or trimmed styles. lovely silk materials. Chemise and slips, sizes 36 to 44. Danscttes 32 to 36. Made of cloth, tweeds, lorcheen, bengaline, ombres and Styles that show their new- ness in every manner—by knickers, 1 pair long pants. Juvenile Suits $1.99 For the smaller boy. Wash top and cloth pants. @ Sizes 3 to 8. others. In new colors— tans, grey, navy, black, etc. Sizes 14 to 20—36 to 50. THE ENSEMBLES: With full-length coat of either tweed or kashette and skirt of material to match. Blouse is of plain or printed silk. In sizes 14 to 20 and 36 to 40. their shades, by their mod- ern treatments, by their new materials. Of georgette, with slips; flat crepe, prints. seyle than has ever been offered before in a shoe at such a low price. ® Caps and Hats 1 To match the new Easter suit or topcoat. In sizes ® 6% to 7. Junior Topcoats $2.99 Brand - new! In tweed and cassimere effects. Sizes 214 to 8. Cane free with every topeoat. Girls Easter Coats $5.99 Printed Ensembles $1.99 The newest! In printed line: or broadcloth, Sizes 7 to 14, L ] Infants’ Easter Bonnets Of silk and 99c organdy, in In « Among the shades are: Chartreuse Apple Green Peach Apricot In the newest styles—with throw scarf, standing collars, bows. Of tweed, kasha and sheen. - Sizes 7 to 14. Girls’ ¢ Hats $1.69 PED-ARCHO Arch-Supporting SHOES *3 ARCH SUPPORTING COMBINATION LAST Patent Colt, Black, Brown, and Tan Kid. Widths AAA to Sizes 214 1o This Spring—Straw is smartest for the new Easte; Millinery for Miss and Matron Silk Dresses $4.99 With wide brims, | , O crepe de with narrow brims. | Colors, In sizes 7 In the new shades. @ to 14, Satin, ‘White Also: NURSES' OXFORDS'S White and Black Ki and White Canvas i Of plain straw or of novelty straw is this delightful millinery for Easter wear. In turban styles, in the new slashed brim effects, as well as in styles for the woman of more con- servative taste. The New Shades: Byrd Blue Navy Bright Red Black PangoraGreen. Suntan Tcts’ Crepe de Chine Dresses OF silk crepe de chine in pink, $2-99 white, and blue. With hand-shirred yoke and deep hems. Sizes 1 to 3. fluffy trimmed or tailored styles. o pastel shades.