Evening Star Newspaper, January 2, 1929, Page 5

" COPPER IN FOOD CALLED BENEFICIAL Physicians Discredit Theory of Liver Disease From Me- tallic Content of Diet. By the Associated Pre: NEW YORK, January 2.—The Journal of Experimental Medicine reports in its current issue that from evidence now at hand the quantities ot copper found in food and drinking water will not in- jure any humen organ. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating to show that small amounts of the metal have a beneficial effect on the blood in cases of anemia. The periodical made public today the results of nearly three years of research. The problem was undertaken because experiments elsewhere had associated copper poisoning with the rare disease known as hemocromatosis. Refute Etiological Theory. “The findings are of unusual interest to the medical profession,” said the an- nouncement, “because they refute the theory that copper is the etological agent of the human disease hemochro- amtosis.” ‘The scientists conducting the Colum- bia experiments were Dr. Frederick B. Flinn, director of industrial hygiene at the Medical College, and Dr. Willilam C. von Glahn, associate professor of pa- thology. “Early investigators have not been uniform in their opinions, but the; weight of evidence was that copper was not a harfmul substance in the amounts that occurred in our food and drinking water,” said a summary of the results. Pathologists had noted that most of the perséns who died of the disease during a sudden rise in its incidence had been drinkers of bootleg liquor. An analysis of samples of liquor sold in Boston revealed the presence of copper which was believed to have been dis- solved from the coils of the stills in which the beverage was made. Experiments With Rabbits. In an attempt to show that the pig- mentation of the liver, accompanying hemochromatosis, was due to copper, copper acetate was fed to rabbits, and | the resulting changes in their livers| were comparable to those found in hemochromatosis cases. Scientists learned that virtually all of the metal thus fed was eliminated, and that, although various organs might contain very small quantities of copper, the liver was the main storage place of such as was retained. The experiments divulged that copper was not the cause of the pigment de- posit in a rabbit’s liver, since the same change was produced when sodum acetate was given with a standard diet. “Furthermore,” ccontinued the sum- mary, “when rabbits are fed a diet of carrots exclusively, the deposition or pigment occurs with greater rapidity than with copper or its compounds and the standard diet. The changes result- ing in the livers of carrot-fed animals are identical in every way with those seen following doses of copper, and in nimals given doses of sodium acetate. “In none of the rabbits given copper could a definite cirrhosisis be proven.” Nothing definite regarding the nature of the pigment can be said 'at present, the investigators asserted, although the evidence indicates that it orginates in an_internal process. The experimenters also examined specimens of human livers, in addition to samples from livers of copper work- ers. Not only did they find copper in all, but they noted that the amount of the metal in the copper workers was close to the minimum. SCIENCE HEAD BARS RELIGIOUS ISSUES Discussion of Sin Called Unrelated to Purposes of New York Scholars’ Meeting. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, January 2.—Philosoph- fcal discussions of sin and religion have no legitimate place in the forum of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, in the opinion of Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborn, its president. His statement was aimed at a paper read before a section meeting of memi- bers interested in the medical sciences and the history of science by Prof. Harry E. Barnes of Smith College on “Sclence vs. Religion as a Guide to Life.” “This is a scientific meeting,” Dr. Osborn declareg, “and science has to do with what can’be understood by weigh- ing, meesuring and analysis of the universe, and it covers the whole realm of what can be estimated and under- stood. It stops there.” The Barnes paper declared that science had relegated sin into “the limbo of ancietn superstitions” called for a new order based on the discoveries of science in place of the old theological dogma, and recogniz- ing the “right to be happy.” He spe- cifically mentioned the “fundamentalist Christian” doctrine and “Christian solemni and his statements aroused immediate response from the clergy of various denominations. Dr. Osborn, presiding at the general sessions last night, described the paper as “sensational” and ‘“non-scientific,” and said it might give the impression that the association did not believe in Providence. The function of the association, he declared, was to carry the public into new realms of knowledge gained in the pursuit of the different branches of science, and to bring scientists working in each field into the realms opened up by workers in other fields. He did not allude further to the Barnes paper during the meeting, but afterward gave his views in more ex- tended form to the press. “Dr. Barnes,” he declared, “took an | unwarranted step in introducing a| metaphysical, philosophical and religious | subject. It was an unwarranted in-| trusion. He took adavantage of this| great platform of the American Asso- | ciation for the Advancement of Science to give expression to his own opinion on a subject that was totally unrelated to the subjects under discussion “As president I desire to have the public understand that Dr. Barnes’ statements do not reflect in any way the program of our meeting. They were calculated to give a wrong impression. “If this had been a philosophical, theological or religious group, it would have been appropriate. We have been very desirous of requesting the clergy to relieve the public’s mind of belief that there is any conflict between science and religion, There is none. There can be none. Some of the great- est men of science have been very religious. “If T had been present, T would have rotested against continuing the read- of his paper. . TOO-MANY FIREMEN. WESTPORT, Conn. (#).—Too many cooks spoil the broth, and too many firemen at a fire are likely to spoil al- most everything. So many townsmen were enrolled as volunteer firemen here that when there ‘was a fire the response of smoke-eaters was so large that they got in each other’s way. Grappling with the situa- tion brought about by civic zeal, the fire chief solved the problem by an order and | CREW NAMED PRESIDENT OF PROFESSIONAL GROUP Northwestern University Educator Re-elected—Princetonian Suc- ceeds Vassar Officer. NEW_ YORK, January 2 (#).—Prof. Henry Crew of Northwestern University was yesterday re-elected president of the Association of Professors. Prof. H. C. Warren of Princeton was elected vice president, to succeed Marion P. Whitney of Vassar College. Other of- ficers were re-elected. The association decided against im- mediate action on a resolution con- de.aning “undercover efforts to utilize { college teachers for propaganda pur- poses,” pending completion of the Fed- eral Trade Commission's investigation. REALM OF STARS DFVOID OF HATIER Ether of Outer Space Free of Meteors and Comets, Astronomer Says. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, January 2.—Announce- ment of a major astronomical discovery that goes far toward confirming the correctness oh the concept of the im- mensity of olter space was made last night before the closing session of the American Association for the advance- ment of Science. It was that the vast reaches of outer space are effectively free from meteoric dust, meteors, comets, electrons or other substances that might interfere with the passage of light. The computa- tions of the size of space and the re- mote starry objects that astronomers have discovered therein recently, are based on measuring distance by use of light. If space contained substances interfering with light, these figures would have to be revised. The announcement was made by Dr. Harlow Shapley, director of Harvard Observatory. He said that this “major discovery” does not mean that space is known to be completely empty, but only that the objects and substances iden- tified in it do not obstruct light. Limit of Telescopes. The space to which he referred is within a radius of the earth estimated at about 100,000,000 light years. (A light year is the distance light travels in_one year at the speed of 186,000 light years telescopes have not pene- trated because of lack of power. A celestial day of 300,000,000 years also was described by Dr. Shap- ley. It is the rate of rotation of the vast body of stars to which the earth and all visible stars belong, named by astronomers the Milky Way. Dr. Shap- ley said this figure is not final, but is based on the estimated speed of whirl of this great heavenly group, if the di- rection is a circle. Should this rotation path be found elliptical, like the earth’s rotation around the sun, the estimates might be different. Dr. Shapley, described by Henry Fairfield Osborn, retiring president of the association, as “The Young Lochin- var of Astronomy,” sketched many mere astronomical discoveries and theories, such ‘as were the basis of an assertion at an earlier session of the associa-, tion that concepts of God needed revision. Milky Way Composition. He sg? the Milky Way probably is composed of 10,000,000,000 stars, our sun being one; that in the space out- side the Milky Way 100 star clusters, independent systems somewhat similar to the Milky Way, have been verified at Harvard: that the nucleus in which is the center of the Milky Way is about 47,000,000 light years away in the .- rection of the constellation sagittarius; that this year alone Harvard photo- graphs have identified about 8,000 new | outside galaxies, or star clusters, and that the nearest of the great galaxies, Coma-Virgo, is 11,000,000 light years, about 6,000,000,000,000 miles away, and contains 250 separate systems. He de- scribed how light is used to measure distance from stars known as variables. The light of such stars waxes and wanes, from a variety of causes, some of them being thought to pulsate, while others revolve around a darker star ’I‘Xg& may diminish or obscure their Referring to the distant Nebula re- rted to the association last week rom Mount Wilson Observatory as travelling 2500. miles per second, he said it seemed to bear out the Einstein concept and added: “We must remember that this object is but a fraction of 1 per cent out toward that boundary that Einstein in- dicates. The measurement of the speed of this Nebula gives us an in- dication that space and time are so arranged that we have an effect of velocity, an indication of a remarkable kind of universe.” —_— HITS SHIPSTEAD BILL ON LABOR INJUNCTION U. 8. Comnierce Chamber Head Says to Prohibit Issuance Would Tres- pass Upon Court's Authority. By the Associated Press. Opposition to the Shipstead bill, pending before Congress, to prohibit the issuance of injunctions by Federal courts against labor unions was ex- pressed in a letter made public yester- day from William Butterworth, presi- dent of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, to Chairman Norris of the Senate judiciary committee. Reviewing declarations of member or- ganizations of the national chamber on | the subject, Mr. Butterworth, in his | communication to the Nebraska Sena- tor, said that these member groups af- firmed the right of workers or any other element of the community to organize, but upheld the principle that associa- tions or combinations of employers or employes must equally be subject to the authority of the State. “The bill would undertake to deprive the Federal courts of several portions of the judicial power,” the letter added. GEN. J. B. BURBANK, 90, BURIED IN ARLINGTON Veteran of Civil War Retired From Military Life in 1902 After Long Career. Burlal services for Brig. Gen. James Brattle Burbank, U. S. A., retired, 90 years old, veteran of the Civil War, and of numerous campaigns against the Indians, who died in Walter Recd Hos- pital Sunday, were conducted in Ar- lington Cemetery today. ‘Gen. Burbank had ‘a long and_dis- tinguished career in the Army, and was active in patriotic organizations. He was placed on the retired list in 1902. Messenger Boy Hurt in Accident. Benjamin Faulcony, a Western Union messenger, was cut on the face and hands this morning when he rode his bicycle into the side of a truck which was turning from Pennsylvania avenue into an alley be- tween Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets. . Faulcony was given first-aid treatment at Emergency Hospital. The that ly firemen with duty badges l-houldoebe-dlowed within the lines at accident was investigated by Policeman W. D. Hopkins of the Traffic Bureau, who exenarated the -trugk -driver, miles per second.) Beyond 100,000,000 | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2, 1929. SCIENTISTS UPHOLD EVOLUTION THEORY Action Taken to Combat] Laws to Prevent Instruction in Darwinian Thesis. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, January 2.—Action to combat the spread of anti-evolution | legislation and other efTorts to restrict the freedom of teaching was taken yesterday by scientists and university { professors in session hére. The American Association of Univer- sity Professors authorized a special committee to co-operate with the Amer- |ican Association for the Advancement | of Science to prepare a circular to con- tend for such freedom, and the latter was placed definitely on record as de- i ploring anti-evolution laws and regu- | ations. “We are convinced,” said the sci- entists’ resolution, “that any legislation | attempting to limit the teaching of any widely accepted scientific doctrine is a profound mistake, which cannot fail to retard the advancement of knowledge and of human welfare. {"“It is only by the maintenance of freedom of teaching that we can create conditions under which truth comes most rapidly to prevail. Therefore we wish to make our most earnest protest | against all legislation and administra- | tive interference with the presentation | (of the facts and theories of science.” Asserting that “what is taught as | science should be determined by quali- | fied expert in their fields rtaher than ! by popular vote,” the resolution cited the action of three States which have enacted anti-evolution laws and similar | restrictions in various institutions of |learning and declared, “We deplore all such efforts to restrict the freedom of teaching and learning in science. Evolution Thesis Defended. “We deplore such action, first, be- cause evolution in some form is ac- cepted by practically all competent men of science the world over, and, second, because the idea of evolution has so profoundly influenced the thinking of mankind in biology, psychology, ethics, social science and philosophy that no one can pretend to have a liberal edu- !cation who is ignorant of its grounds and import. “We deplore these measures also for the deeper reason, which should appeal to all Americans of whatever creed who believe in intellectual and religious liberty, whether they accept or reject the theory of evolution, namely, that such restrictions constitute a violation of a fundamental principle of freedom essential to all progress.” Although “the general conditions of academic freedom and tenure” have im- proved throughout the country in recent years, the American Association of Uni- versity Professors was told yesterday that much remains to be done. “Some of our academic institutions are still under the sway of politicians who know nothing of the standards and ethics of our profession, and with such people we must continue our struggle for their recognition,” said a report presented by Prof. H. R. Fairclough of Amberst, chairman of the association’s committee dealing with that problem. Gives Scope of Instruction. “We seldom have legal power of re- dress, but we do have a powerful weapon in the publicity we can give to offending institutiens. “As regards institutions of a denomi- national or partisan character, we rec- ognize that they are®eh a different basis from the non*demoninational college or university, but we adhere to the principle that specific stipulations in advance, fully understood and ac« cepted by both parties, should limit the scope and character of instruction.” Action on testimony before the Fed- eral Trade Commission that schools and colleges have been utilized as propaganda channels by power corpo- rations was held up by the university professors pending the hearing of evi- dence in rebuttal and conclusion of the Government investigation. The association’s council emphasized, however, that the “committee on ethics is actually following the testimony of the Trade Commission, as well as con- ducting investigations of its own, and that when the time comes the commit- tee will report to the association its findings of fact and recommenda- tions for such action by the association as the facts thus disclosed may call for.” o RAISE IN FIREMEN’S PAY URGED BY ASSOCIATION Salaries in Washington Declargd Lower Than Payments Made in 59 Other Cities. A movement seeking an increase in the salaries of members of the District Firé Department has been started by the City Fire Fighters' Association. H. A. Chapman, president of the as- sociation, has written to the Merchants and Manufacturers’ Association, asking the trade body to make a study of local firemen’s salaries in comparison with those of other citics and to lay the matter before the proper officials if the local salaries are found wanting. Chapman declares that a study of salaries in-other cities shows that the average paid to members of the local fire department are lower than those paid in 59 other cities, many of which l&;flve smaller population than Washing- n. The pay of Washington firemen was last increased in 1924. MRS. FANNIE GUSACK DIES. Resident !or_;0 Years Succumbs to Long Illness. Mrs. Fannie Gusack, 75 years old, widow of Max Gusack, and a resident of this city for about 40 years, died at her home, 1640 Kalorama road, yester- day after a long illness. Funeral services will be conducted in the chapel of Ber- nard Danzansky, 3501 Fourteenth street, tomorrow morning at 11 o'clock. In- terment will be in the Ohev Sholom Cemetery. Mrs. Gusack 1s survived by three sons, Samuel V. Gusack, a local attorney; Harry Gusack, financial editor of the ‘Washington Times, and Charles M. Gu- sack, and by three daughter: . Mor- ris Porton of Tampa, Fla. C;'\'Jsack and Miss Jennie city. Jugoslav Irregulars Try Bombing. 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